WO2013145658A1 - Charging/discharging control apparatus, power storage system, and charging/discharging control method - Google Patents

Charging/discharging control apparatus, power storage system, and charging/discharging control method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013145658A1
WO2013145658A1 PCT/JP2013/001930 JP2013001930W WO2013145658A1 WO 2013145658 A1 WO2013145658 A1 WO 2013145658A1 JP 2013001930 W JP2013001930 W JP 2013001930W WO 2013145658 A1 WO2013145658 A1 WO 2013145658A1
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Prior art keywords
value
current
charge
target
discharge
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PCT/JP2013/001930
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
員史 西川
雄太 黒崎
飯田　崇
栄一郎 橋本
伊藤　和雄
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パナソニック株式会社
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Publication of WO2013145658A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013145658A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H01M10/465—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus with solar battery as charging system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a charge / discharge control device for controlling charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a charge / discharge control apparatus capable of efficiently controlling charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries.
  • a charge / discharge control device is a charge / discharge control device that controls charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries connected to a DC bus, and each of the plurality of storage batteries.
  • a target value changing unit that changes the control target value in a timely manner based on a charge ratio indicating a distribution ratio of charge to the storage battery or a discharge ratio indicating a distribution ratio of discharge from the storage battery, and a charge of each of the plurality of storage batteries
  • a control unit that controls the discharge based on the control target value changed in a timely manner.
  • charging / discharging in each storage battery can be appropriately distributed, charging / discharging of a plurality of storage batteries can be controlled efficiently. Moreover, electric power loss can also be suppressed by controlling charging / discharging of a some storage battery efficiently.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating a discharge in an example of a configuration of a conventional power storage system
  • FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in a DC bus voltage when discharged. is there.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram illustrating charging in an example of a configuration of a conventional power storage system
  • FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in DC bus voltage when charging. is there.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a problem in the conventional power storage system.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the charge / discharge control device and the power storage system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the charge / discharge control device and the power storage system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of the DC bus voltage control unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations of the charge / discharge controller according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the target current value and DC bus voltage current value acquired for each string, and the calculated DC bus voltage target value and current limit value.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing configurations of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing configurations of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the target value of the battery remaining capacity and the current battery remaining capacity in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing configurations of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embod
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing configurations of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a relationship between a charge switching target value, a discharge switching target value, and a DC bus reference voltage value.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a string.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing a discharge in an example of a configuration of a conventional power storage system
  • FIG. 1B is a diagram showing an example of a change in a DC bus voltage when discharged.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram illustrating charging in an example of a configuration of a conventional power storage system
  • FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in DC bus voltage when being charged. .
  • a storage system including a plurality of storage battery units includes, for example, a PV 10 such as a solar battery, a DC / DC converter (DC / DC) 20, and a plurality of storage battery units (strings) 30 1 as shown in FIG. , 30 2 ,... 30 n , a DC / AC converter (DC / AC) 40, and a DC bus 50.
  • Each battery unit (strings) 30 n is provided with a DC / DC converter (DC / DC) 31 n and a plurality of battery packs 32 n, 33 n, and a ... 34 n.
  • surplus power supplied from the power system or power generated by PV is charged in the string 30 to supply power to a device (load) that operates on power.
  • the string 30 is discharged. That is, the string 30 is discharged when the electric power Pa output from the DC / AC converter 40 to the load side is larger than the electric power Pb input from the PV 10 to the DC / DC converter 20 side, and the electric power Pa is smaller than the electric power Pb. 30 is charged.
  • the DC / DC converter 31 of each string 30 includes a DC bus voltage sensor (not shown), and each detects a DC bus voltage.
  • Each DC / DC converter 31 controls charging / discharging of the string 30 so that the detected DC bus voltage becomes a preset DC bus reference voltage value (target value in FIGS. 1 and 2). .
  • the DC bus voltage decreases as shown in FIG. 1B, so the DC / DC converter 31 is controlled so as to approach the DC bus reference voltage value, and FIG.
  • FIG. As shown in FIG.
  • Pa ⁇ Pb the DC bus voltage rises as shown in FIG. 2B, so that the DC / DC converter 31 is controlled so as to approach the DC bus reference voltage value, as shown in FIG. You will charge as shown.
  • each string 30 As shown in FIG. 3, there is a problem in that the string to be discharged and the string to be charged are mixed in each string 30 as shown in FIG. As described above, when the charge / discharge directions of the strings 30 are different, there is a problem that electric power that is simply moved between the strings 30 is generated, resulting in a large power loss and a decrease in battery life.
  • the DC / DC converter 31 controls charging / discharging in each string 30, there is a problem that the amount of discharge and the amount of charge between the strings cannot be changed according to the state of the battery pack, for example. .
  • the discharge amount of a string having a battery with large deterioration cannot be made smaller than that of other strings.
  • a charge / discharge control device is a charge / discharge control device that controls charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries connected to a DC bus, and the plurality of storage batteries
  • a target value changing unit that changes the control target values of the plurality of storage batteries in a timely manner based on a charge ratio indicating a distribution ratio of charge to the storage battery or a discharge ratio indicating a distribution ratio of discharge from the storage battery,
  • a control unit that controls each charge / discharge based on the control target value changed in a timely manner.
  • charging / discharging in each storage battery can be controlled to be appropriately distributed to each storage battery according to the distribution ratio, charging / discharging of a plurality of storage batteries can be controlled efficiently. Moreover, electric power loss can also be suppressed by controlling charging / discharging of a some storage battery efficiently. Furthermore, for example, by changing the distribution ratio, the state of each storage battery can be reflected and the charge / discharge can be controlled.
  • the target value changing unit includes a power acquisition unit that acquires an input power value input to the DC bus and an output power value output from the DC bus, and a required overall power value as the input power value and the An overall power calculation unit for calculating based on the output power value; an overall current calculation unit for calculating an overall current value based on a preset DC bus reference voltage value and the overall power value; and a plurality of storage batteries.
  • a target current calculation unit that calculates a target current value at the time of charging / discharging based on the charging rate or the discharging rate of the storage battery from the total current value, and changes the control target value in a timely manner based on the target current value. You may provide a change part.
  • control target value is a current limit value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries
  • the charge / discharge control device further acquires a current value of the DC bus voltage that is a current voltage value of the DC bus.
  • a current value acquisition unit for DC bus voltage, and the target value changing unit further determines a current limit value for each of the plurality of storage batteries as the DC bus reference voltage value, the target current value, and the DC bus voltage current value.
  • a current limit value calculation unit that calculates a current limit value based on the calculated current limit value, and the control unit uses the current limit value that is changed in a timely manner. You may control charging / discharging in each of these.
  • the current limit value calculating unit calculates a charging current limit value and a discharging current limit value in each of the plurality of storage batteries as the current limit value, and the control unit is equal to or more than the charging current limit value. You may control charging / discharging in each of these storage batteries in the range below the electric current limit value for discharge.
  • control target value is a DC bus voltage target value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries
  • target value changing unit further includes a DC bus voltage at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries.
  • a target value is calculated based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the target current value, and includes a DC bus voltage target value calculation unit that changes a current DC bus voltage target value with the calculated DC bus voltage target value,
  • the control unit controls charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries by controlling the DC bus voltage at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries based on the DC bus voltage target value changed in a timely manner. May be.
  • the charge / discharge control device further includes a DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit that acquires a current value of the DC bus voltage that is a current voltage value of the DC bus, and the control unit includes the current value of the DC bus voltage during discharging.
  • a DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit that acquires a current value of the DC bus voltage that is a current voltage value of the DC bus
  • the control unit includes the current value of the DC bus voltage during discharging.
  • control target value is the target current value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries
  • target value changing unit further calculates a DC bus voltage current value that is a current voltage value of the DC bus.
  • a DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit to acquire; and a target current correction unit that corrects the target current value based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the DC bus voltage current value, and the control unit is corrected.
  • the charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries may be controlled using the target current value.
  • control target value is a current limit value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries
  • the target value changing unit acquires a remaining battery capacity of each of the plurality of storage batteries.
  • Current limit value is calculated based on the obtained battery remaining capacity and a preset target battery remaining capacity value, and the current limit value is changed by the calculated current limit value.
  • a calculation unit, and the control unit may control charging / discharging of each of the plurality of storage batteries using the current limit value changed in a timely manner.
  • the control unit may be provided in each of the plurality of storage batteries, and may control charging / discharging in the storage battery based on the control target value.
  • the charge / discharge control device is a charge / discharge control device that controls charging / discharging of a plurality of storage batteries connected to a DC bus, and each control target value of the plurality of storage batteries is determined by: A target value changing unit that changes timely based on a charge rate that indicates a distribution rate of charge to the storage battery or a discharge rate that indicates a distribution rate of discharge from the storage battery, and each charge and discharge of the plurality of storage batteries is changed timely
  • the control target value is a DC bus voltage target value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries
  • the target value changing unit further includes: The DC bus voltage target value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries is calculated based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the target current value, and the calculated DC bus voltage target value is A DC bus voltage target value calculation unit that changes a current DC bus voltage target value, and the control unit changes the DC bus voltage at the time of charging and discharging
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the charge / discharge control device and the power storage system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the power storage system including a plurality of storage battery units includes a PV 10, a DC / DC converter (DC / DC) 20, a plurality of storage battery units (strings) 60 1 , 60 2 ,... 60 n , DC / AC A converter (DC / AC) 40, a DC bus 50, and a charge / discharge controller 100 are provided.
  • Each string 60 n includes a DC / DC converter (DC / DC) 200 n and a plurality of battery packs 32 n , 33 n ,... 34 n .
  • the PV 10 is, for example, a solar cell that generates power by directly converting solar energy into electric energy.
  • the DC / DC converter 20 converts the DC power voltage supplied from the PV 10 into a predetermined voltage and outputs the voltage to the DC bus 50.
  • the DC / AC converter 40 converts the DC power supplied from the DC bus 50 into AC power and outputs the AC power to the load side.
  • the function of the charge / discharge control device is realized by the charge / discharge controller 100 and a plurality of DC / DC converters 200 1 , 200 2 ,... 200 n .
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 for simplicity of explanation, it is shown only for the DC / DC converter 200 i of the plurality of DC / DC converter 200 1, 200 2, ... 200 n.
  • I is an arbitrary natural number from 1 to n.
  • the charge / discharge controller 100 includes a power acquisition unit 101, an overall power calculation unit 102, an overall current calculation unit 103, a target current calculation unit 104, a target current setting unit 105, a battery information acquisition unit 106, and a battery state calculation.
  • Unit 107 and ratio determining unit 108 are components that determine the ratio of the charge / discharge controller 100.
  • the power acquisition unit 101 acquires the power value Pb input from the DC / DC converter 20 to the DC bus 50 and the power value Pa output from the DC bus to the DC / AC converter 40.
  • the overall power calculation unit 102 calculates the overall power value Ps required as a whole by subtracting the power value Pb from the power value Pa as shown in the following equation 1.
  • the total current calculation unit 103 calculates the string total current value (total current value) I based on a preset DC bus reference voltage value (for example, 500 V) and the total power value Ps as shown in the following Expression 2. To do.
  • the battery information acquisition unit 106 acquires battery information such as a battery voltage value and a current value of the battery packs 32 i , 33 i ,... 34 i of the string 60 i .
  • the battery state calculation unit 107 calculates the degree of battery deterioration and the remaining battery capacity of the string 60 i based on the battery information acquired by the battery information acquisition unit 106.
  • the ratio determination unit 108 calculates the charge ratio Rc i indicating the distribution ratio of charge to the string 60 i and the discharge ratio Rd i indicating the distribution ratio of discharge from each string 60 i by the string calculated by the battery state calculation unit 107. It is determined based on the deterioration degree of the battery of 60 i and the remaining battery capacity.
  • the target current calculation unit 104 sets the target current value I i at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i from the overall current value I according to the charging rate Rc i or the discharging rate Rd i as shown in the following formulas 3 to 5, respectively. calculate.
  • target current value I i total current value I ⁇ discharge ratio Rd i (Equation 3)
  • target current value I i total current value I ⁇ charge ratio Rc i (Expression 4)
  • I 0
  • Target current value I i 0 (Expression 5)
  • Target current setting unit 105 notifies the target current value I i to the corresponding string 60 i.
  • the DC / DC converter 200 i includes a target current acquisition unit 201 i , a DC bus voltage target value calculation unit 202 i , a DC bus voltage control unit 203 i , and a DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i. , And a current limit value calculation unit 205 i .
  • the target current acquisition unit 201 i acquires the target current value I i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100.
  • the DC bus voltage target value calculation unit 202 i calculates the DC bus voltage target value V i at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the target current value I i as shown in the following Expression 6. To do.
  • k1 is an arbitrary fixed value.
  • the DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i acquires a DC bus voltage current value that is a current voltage value of the DC bus 50.
  • the current limit value calculation unit 205 represents the current limit value Il i at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the target current value I i , the DC bus reference voltage value, and the DC bus voltage current value as shown in Equation 7 below. To calculate.
  • k2 is an arbitrary fixed value.
  • DC bus voltage controller 203 i by passing a current proportional to the deviation between the DC bus voltage target value V i and DC bus voltage current value, and controls the DC bus voltage.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the DC bus voltage control unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the DC bus voltage control unit 203 i includes a PID control unit 210 i , a current limit control unit 211 i , a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) 212 i , and a power module 213 i .
  • PID control unit 210 i is, PID using DC bus voltage target value DC bus voltage current value obtained by the calculated DC bus voltage target value V i and DC bus voltage current value acquiring unit 204 i by the calculating unit 202 i Take control.
  • the current limit control unit 211 i controls the current so as not to exceed the current limit value Il i calculated by the current limit value calculation unit 205 i .
  • the PWM 212 i performs pulse width modulation and outputs a PWM waveform.
  • the power module 213 i is an IGBT (Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors), for example, and controls the output based on the PWM waveform output from the PWM 212 i .
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations of the charge / discharge controller according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the battery information acquisition unit 106 acquires battery information such as a battery voltage value and a current value of the battery packs 32 i , 33 i ,... 34 i of the string 60 i (step S101).
  • the battery state calculation unit 107 calculates the degree of battery degradation and the remaining battery capacity of the string 60 i based on the battery information acquired by the battery information acquisition unit 106 (step S102).
  • Ratio determining unit 108, the discharge rate Rd i indicating the distribution ratio of the discharge from the charging rate Rc i and string 60 i shows the distribution ratio of the charging of the string 60 i, string calculated by the battery state calculator 107 60 It is determined based on the degree of deterioration of the battery i and the remaining battery capacity (step S103).
  • the overall distribution ratio by making the distribution ratio smaller than the other strings 60 j so that the string 60 i having a large degree of battery degradation is not used as much as possible. Further, for example, as each of the remaining battery capacity of a plurality of strings 60 1 ⁇ n becomes uniform, for the remaining battery capacity is low string 60 l compared to other strings 60 k, the other strings 60 k In comparison with this, it is possible to determine a larger charge ratio (that is, Rc 1 > Rc k ) and a lower discharge ratio (that is, Rd 1 ⁇ Rd k ).
  • “j”, “k”, and “l” are arbitrary natural numbers between 1 and n different from each other and different from “i”.
  • the power acquisition unit 101 acquires a power value Pb input from the DC / DC converter 20 to the DC bus 50 and a power value Pa output from the DC bus to the DC / AC converter 40 using a sensor or the like (step) S104).
  • the total power calculation unit 102 calculates the total power value Ps required as a whole by subtracting the power value Pb from the power value Pa as described above (step S105).
  • the total current calculation unit 103 calculates the total current value I based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the total power value Ps as described above (step S106).
  • the target current calculation unit 104 calculates the target current value I i at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i from the overall current value I in accordance with the charging rate Rc i or the discharging rate Rd i as described above (step S107).
  • the target current setting unit 105 notifies the corresponding string 60 i of the target current value I i calculated by the target current calculation unit 104 (step S108). It is determined whether or not the fixed period A has elapsed (step S109). If the predetermined constant period A has not elapsed (No in step S109), the determination is repeated until the predetermined constant period A has elapsed.
  • step S110 it is determined whether or not the predetermined fixed period B has elapsed (step S110).
  • the process returns to the battery information acquisition process (step S101).
  • the predetermined fixed period B has not elapsed (No in step S110)
  • the process returns to the process of acquiring the power value Pb and the power value Pa (step S104).
  • the fixed period A and the fixed period B are set in advance, and the fixed period B (for example, 100 ms) is set longer than the fixed period A (for example, 5 ms). Moreover, the fixed period A and the fixed period B can be changed.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the target current acquisition unit 201 i acquires the target current value I i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100 (step S201).
  • the DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i acquires a DC bus voltage current value that is a current voltage value of the DC bus 50 (step S202).
  • the DC bus voltage target value calculation unit 202 i calculates the DC bus voltage target value V i at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i as described above based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the target current value I i (step). S203).
  • the current limit value calculation unit 205 i calculates the current limit value Il i during charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the target current value I i , the DC bus reference voltage value, and the DC bus voltage current value as described above. (Step S204).
  • the DC bus voltage control unit 203 i controls the DC bus voltage at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the DC bus voltage target value V i , the DC bus voltage current value, and the current limit value Il i (step S205). ). It is determined whether or not the fixed period C has elapsed (step S206). If the predetermined constant period C has not elapsed (No in step S206), the determination is repeated until the predetermined constant period C has elapsed.
  • the process returns to the target current value I i acquisition process (step S201).
  • the fixed period C is also set in advance, and the fixed period C (for example, 1 ms) is set shorter than the fixed period A and the fixed period B, but is not limited thereto. Further, the fixed period C can be changed.
  • each step in the flowcharts of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 described above is described as being performed only for the string 60 i for simplicity, but these steps are performed for a plurality of strings 60 1 , 60 2 ,. This is done for all 60 n .
  • the DC bus reference voltage value is 500 V
  • the constant k1 is “0.1”
  • the constant k2 is “1”.
  • the DC bus voltage target value V is calculated as an example when the ratio is determined to be 3: 2: 1: 0 and the power acquisition unit 101 acquires the power value Pb of 10 kW and the power value Pa of 40 kW. 1 to V 4 and current limit values Il 1 to Il 4 will be described.
  • FIG. 9 shows target current values I 1 to I 4 and DC bus voltage current values acquired for each of the four strings 60 1 to 60 4 , calculated DC bus voltage target values V 1 to V 4, and current limit values. is a diagram illustrating an example of the Il 1 ⁇ Il 4.
  • the total power calculation unit 102 calculates the total power value Ps as 30 kw. Further, since the DC bus reference voltage value is 500V and the total power value Ps is 30 kW, the total current calculation unit 103 calculates the total current value I as 60A. Also, the entire current I is 60A, the discharge ratio is 3: 2: 1: 0, and thus the target current calculating unit 104, each of the strings 60 1 to 60 4 of the target current value I 1 ⁇ I 4 is 30A, 20A 10A and 0A are calculated respectively.
  • DC bus reference voltage value is 500V
  • constant k1 is "0.1”
  • a target current value I 1 of the strings 60 1 because it is 30A
  • DC bus voltage desired value calculating unit 202 1 of the strings 60 1 DC becomes the bus voltage target value V 1 to be calculated and 503V.
  • the DC bus voltage target value calculation portion 202 2 of the strings 60 2 becomes the DC bus voltage target value V 2 to be calculated and 502V.
  • DC bus voltage target value calculation portion 202 3 of the string 60 consisting of DC bus voltage target value V 3 to be calculated and 501V.
  • DC bus voltage target value calculating section 202 fourth string 6O4 becomes a DC bus voltage target value V 4 to be calculated and 500V.
  • the current DC bus voltage value is acquired as 498.7V, 498.1V, 498.4V, 498.5V by the DC bus voltage current value acquisition units 204 1 to 204 4 , respectively.
  • the current limit value calculation unit 205 1 calculates the current limit value Il 1 as 31.3 A. Will do.
  • the current limit value calculation unit 205 and second strings 60 2 becomes the current limit value Il 2 to be calculated with 21.9A.
  • the current limit value calculation unit 205 3 of the string 60 3 calculates the current limit value Il 3 as 11.6A.
  • String 60 4 current limit value calculation unit 205 4 will be calculated the current limit value Il 4 and 0A.
  • DC bus voltage target values V 1 to V 4 and current limit values Il 1 to Il 4 are calculated from the target current values I 1 to I 4 in each of the four strings 60 1 to 60 4 .
  • a DC bus voltage target value calculated in a timely manner for each of a plurality of strings is used.
  • charge / discharge in each string can be appropriately distributed, so that charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries can be controlled efficiently.
  • a rapid change in the DC bus voltage can be suppressed by changing the current limit value in accordance with the deviation between the DC bus reference voltage value and the DC bus voltage current value.
  • the DC bus voltage target value V i and the current limit value Il i are calculated in the DC / DC converter 200 i of the string 60 i .
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • it may be configured to notify the string 60 i.
  • the charge / discharge controller 100 calculates the target current value I i .
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the target current value I i is calculated based on the total current value I, the charge rate Rc i , and the discharge rate Rd i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100. You may comprise.
  • the target current value I i is calculated based on the total power value Ps, the charge rate Rc i , and the discharge rate Rd i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100. You may comprise so that it may do.
  • the DC / DC converter 200 i calculates the total current value I from the total power value Ps, the calculated total current value I, and the charge ratio Rc i and discharge ratio Rd i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100. Based on this, the target current value I i is calculated.
  • the DC bus voltage target value V i is calculated in the DC / DC converter 200 i of the string 60 i .
  • the DC bus voltage target value V i may not be calculated.
  • the current limit value Ild i (for discharge) and the current limit value Ilc i are calculated from the deviation between the target current and the DC bus reference voltage value and the DC bus voltage current value, as shown in the following equations 8 to 9. Calculate (for charging).
  • k2 is an arbitrary fixed value.
  • DC / DC converter 200 i the current limit value Ild i (for discharge) or less, and in a range equal to or more than the current limit value Ilc i (charging), and controlled so as to approach the DC bus reference voltage value.
  • the DC bus voltage target value and the current limit value are calculated in the DC / DC converter of each string, and the DC bus voltage is controlled using the DC bus voltage target value and the current limit value.
  • the target current is corrected, and the DC bus voltage is controlled using the corrected target current.
  • the schematic configurations of the charge / discharge control device and the power storage system in the second embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the DC / DC converter 300 according to the second embodiment is obtained by replacing the DC / DC converter 200 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing configurations of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • symbol is attached
  • the charge / discharge controller 100 is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In FIG. 10, for simplicity of explanation, it is shown only for the DC / DC converter 300 i of the plurality of DC / DC converter 300 1, 300 2, ... 300 n. “I” is an arbitrary natural number from 1 to n.
  • the DC / DC converter 300 i includes a target current acquisition unit 201 i , a DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i , a target current correction unit 301 i , and a constant current control unit 302 i as shown in FIG. Yes.
  • Target current correcting unit 301 i the string 60 the target current value I i at i, corrected as shown by the following formula 10 based on the DC bus reference voltage, and the DC bus voltage current value, the corrected target current value I i 'calculate.
  • k2 is an arbitrary fixed value.
  • the constant current control unit 302 controls the DC bus voltage by flowing a current based on the corrected target current value I i ′.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the operation of charge / discharge controller 100 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the target current acquisition unit 201 i acquires the target current value I i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100 (step S201).
  • the DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 acquires a DC bus voltage current value that is a current voltage value of the DC bus 50 (step S202).
  • Target current correcting unit 301 i is a target current value I i of the string 60 i, DC bus reference voltage, and DC based bus voltage on the current value is corrected as described above, the corrected target current value I i 'is calculated (Step S301).
  • the constant current control unit 302 i controls the DC bus voltage by flowing a current based on the corrected target current value I i ′ (step S302).
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing configurations of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • symbol is attached
  • the function of the charge / discharge control device is realized by the charge / discharge controller 100 and the plurality of DC / DC converters 400 1 , 400 2 ,... 400 n .
  • the charge / discharge controller 100 is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In FIG. 12, for simplicity of explanation, it is shown only for the DC / DC converter 400 i of the plurality of DC / DC converter 400 1, 400 2, ... 400 n. “I” is an arbitrary natural number from 1 to n.
  • the DC / DC converter 400 i includes a target current acquisition unit 401 i , a DC bus voltage target value calculation unit 202 i , a DC bus voltage control unit 203 i , and a DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i. , A current limit value calculation unit 402 i , and a battery remaining capacity acquisition unit 403 i .
  • the target current acquisition unit 401 i acquires the target current value I i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100. Further, the target current acquisition unit 401 i notifies the current limit value calculation unit 402 i and the battery remaining capacity acquisition unit 403 i when the target current value I i cannot be acquired.
  • the battery remaining capacity acquisition unit 403 i acquires the battery remaining capacity (SOC: State of Charge) of the batteries (battery packs 32 i , 33 i ,... 34 i ) included in the DC / DC converter 400 i , and the current limit value Notify the calculation unit 402 i .
  • SOC State of Charge
  • the current limit value calculation unit 402 i uses the current limit value Il i at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i as the first embodiment based on the target current value I i , the DC bus reference voltage value, and the DC bus voltage current value. Calculate in the same way. Further, when the target current value I i cannot be acquired, the current limit value calculation unit 402 i uses a preset target battery remaining capacity value and a remaining battery capacity acquisition unit 403 i as shown in FIG. A current limit value Il i ′ is calculated from the acquired current remaining battery capacity.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the target current acquisition unit 201 i acquires the target current value I i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100 (step S201).
  • the DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i acquires a DC bus voltage current value that is a current voltage value of the DC bus 50 (step S202).
  • the target current acquisition unit 201 i determines whether or not the target current value I i has been acquired (step S401).
  • the DC bus voltage target value calculation unit 202 i is configured to charge the DC bus voltage at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i as in the embodiment.
  • the target value V i is calculated as described above based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the target current value I i (step S203).
  • the current limit value calculation unit 205 i calculates the current limit value Il i during charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the target current value I i , the DC bus reference voltage value, and the DC bus voltage current value as described above.
  • the DC bus voltage control unit 203 i controls the DC bus voltage at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the DC bus voltage target value V i , the DC bus voltage current value, and the current limit value Il i (step S205). ). It is determined whether or not the fixed period C has elapsed (step S206).
  • step S206 If the predetermined constant period C has not elapsed (No in step S206), the determination is repeated until the predetermined constant period C has elapsed.
  • the process returns to the target current value I i acquisition process (step S201).
  • the current limit value calculation unit 402 i uses the preset target value of the battery remaining capacity and the battery remaining capacity acquisition unit 403 i .
  • a current limit value Il i ′ is calculated from the acquired current remaining battery capacity. For example, if the current battery remaining capacity is greater than the target value of the battery remaining capacity, the battery remaining capacity acquisition unit 403 i increases the current limit value Il i that has already been calculated, and the current battery remaining capacity is If less than the target value, and calculates the current limit value Il i 'to decrease the current limit value Il i (step S402).
  • the DC bus voltage control unit 203 i controls the DC bus voltage during charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the DC bus reference voltage value, the DC bus voltage current value, and the current limit value Il i ′ (step S403). .
  • it is determined whether or not the fixed period C has passed step S206. If the predetermined constant period C has not elapsed (No in step S206), the determination is repeated until the predetermined constant period C has elapsed. When the predetermined fixed period C has elapsed (Yes in step S206), the process returns to the target current value I i acquisition process (step S201).
  • the current limit value can be changed even when the target current cannot be acquired. Therefore, charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries can be efficiently controlled using the DC bus reference voltage value and the current limit value.
  • the DC bus voltage is controlled using the DC bus voltage target value and the current limit value.
  • the present invention is not limited to this. Absent.
  • the DC bus voltage may be controlled using only the current limit value calculated from the target value of the battery remaining capacity and the current battery remaining capacity and the DC bus reference voltage value without using the DC bus voltage target value. I do not care. Thereby, charging / discharging of a some storage battery can be controlled efficiently easily.
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing configurations of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • symbol is attached
  • the function of the charge / discharge control device is realized by the charge / discharge controller 100 and the DC / DC converters 500 1 , 500 2 ,... 500 n .
  • the charge / discharge controller 100 is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In FIG. 15, for simplicity of explanation, it is shown only for the DC / DC converter 500 i of the plurality of DC / DC converter 500 1, 500 2, ... 500 n. “I” is an arbitrary natural number from 1 to n.
  • the DC / DC converter 500 i includes a target current acquisition unit 201 i , a DC bus voltage target value calculation unit 202 i , a DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i , and a current limit value calculation unit 205 i. , A direction switching determination unit 501 i and a DC bus voltage control unit 502 i .
  • Direction switching determination unit 501 i when the DC bus voltage current value acquired by the DC bus voltage current value acquiring unit 204 i has exceeded the preset charge switching target value as shown in FIG. 16, from the discharge Instructs the DC bus voltage controller 203 i to switch to the charging direction.
  • the direction switching determination unit 501 i switches from charging to discharging direction when the DC bus voltage current value acquired by the DC bus voltage current value acquiring unit 204 i falls below a preset discharge switching target value.
  • To the DC bus voltage control unit 203 i To the DC bus voltage control unit 203 i .
  • the charge switching target value and the discharge switching target value are calculated as shown in the following equations 11-12.
  • the DC bus voltage control unit 502 i controls the DC bus voltage by flowing a current proportional to the deviation between the DC bus voltage target value V i and the current DC bus voltage value. Further, the DC bus voltage control unit 502 i switches the direction of the flowing current when instructed by the direction switching determination unit 501 i to switch from discharging to charging or from charging to discharging.
  • each embodiment demonstrates using the schematic structure of the charging / discharging control apparatus and electrical storage system shown in FIG. 4, and although the string 60 is set as the structure which connects a some battery pack in series, it is restricted to this. It is not a thing.
  • a configuration may be adopted in which a plurality of battery packs are connected in series as in a string 70 shown in FIG. 17 and connected in parallel, or a configuration in which a plurality of battery packs are connected in parallel as in a string 80 may be adopted. Absent.
  • the present invention can efficiently control charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries, and is useful for use in a charge / discharge control device, a power storage system, and the like.

Abstract

Provided is a charging/discharging control apparatus that can efficiently control charging/discharging of a plurality of storage batteries. The charging/discharging control apparatus is provided with a charging/discharging controller (100) and a DC-DC converter (200i). The charging/discharging controller (100) is provided with an overall current calculation unit (103) that calculates the overall current value from a DC bus reference voltage value and the overall power value, and a target current calculation unit (104) that calculates target current values for each of a plurality of strings (60i) from the overall current value, in accordance with the ratio of charging and the ratio of discharging. The DC-DC converter (200i) is provided with a DC bus voltage target-value calculation unit (202i) that calculates a DC bus voltage target-value from the target current values and the DC bus reference voltage value, a current limit value calculation unit (205i) that calculates a current limit value from the target current values, etc., and a DC bus voltage control unit (203i) that controls the DC bus voltage using the DC bus voltage target-value.

Description

充放電制御装置、蓄電システム、および充放電制御方法Charge / discharge control device, power storage system, and charge / discharge control method
　本発明は、複数の蓄電池の充放電を制御する充放電制御装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a charge / discharge control device for controlling charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries.
　近年、一般家庭、オフィスビル、または、工場などの建物に蓄電池ユニットを設け、蓄電池ユニットに充電された電力を電気機器に供給する蓄電システムが検討されている。このシステムでは、例えば、電力系統から供給される余剰電力、または、太陽光などの自然エネルギーを利用した発電システムで生成された電力などが蓄電池ユニットに充電される。 In recent years, a storage system in which a storage battery unit is provided in a building such as a general household, an office building, or a factory and the electric power charged in the storage battery unit is supplied to an electric device has been studied. In this system, for example, surplus power supplied from the power system or power generated by a power generation system using natural energy such as sunlight is charged in the storage battery unit.
　このような蓄電システムにおいて、複数の蓄電池ユニットを設け、それぞれの蓄電池ユニットの劣化度や故障を診断し、この診断結果を基にして電流制御素子を用いて各蓄電池ユニットの充放電電流を制御する技術が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 In such a power storage system, a plurality of storage battery units are provided, the degree of deterioration or failure of each storage battery unit is diagnosed, and the charge / discharge current of each storage battery unit is controlled using a current control element based on the diagnosis result. A technique has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
国際公開第２０１１／１３２３１１号International Publication No. 2011-13211
　しかしながら、従来の技術では、蓄電池ユニットごとで充放電の制御が行われており、複数の蓄電池ユニット全体では充放電を効率よく制御することができないという課題がある。 However, in the conventional technology, charge / discharge control is performed for each storage battery unit, and there is a problem that charge / discharge cannot be controlled efficiently for the plurality of storage battery units as a whole.
　そこで、本発明は上記の事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、複数の蓄電池の充放電を効率よく制御することができる充放電制御装置を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a charge / discharge control apparatus capable of efficiently controlling charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries.
　上記目的を達成するため、本発明の一態様に係る充放電制御装置は、ＤＣバスに接続される複数の蓄電池の充放電を制御する充放電制御装置であって、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの制御目標値を、当該蓄電池への充電の分配割合を示す充電割合または当該蓄電池からの放電の分配割合を示す放電割合に基づいて適時変更する目標値変更部と、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの充放電を、適時変更された前記制御目標値に基づいて制御する制御部とを備える。 In order to achieve the above object, a charge / discharge control device according to one aspect of the present invention is a charge / discharge control device that controls charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries connected to a DC bus, and each of the plurality of storage batteries. A target value changing unit that changes the control target value in a timely manner based on a charge ratio indicating a distribution ratio of charge to the storage battery or a discharge ratio indicating a distribution ratio of discharge from the storage battery, and a charge of each of the plurality of storage batteries And a control unit that controls the discharge based on the control target value changed in a timely manner.
　本発明によれば、各蓄電池における充放電を、適切に分配することができるので、複数の蓄電池の充放電を効率よく制御することができる。また、複数の蓄電池の充放電を効率よく制御することで、電力ロスを抑制することもできる。 According to the present invention, since charging / discharging in each storage battery can be appropriately distributed, charging / discharging of a plurality of storage batteries can be controlled efficiently. Moreover, electric power loss can also be suppressed by controlling charging / discharging of a some storage battery efficiently.
図１の（ａ）は、従来の蓄電システムの構成の一例における放電時を示す概略図であり、図１の（ｂ）は、放電されるときのＤＣバス電圧の変化の一例を示す図である。FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating a discharge in an example of a configuration of a conventional power storage system, and FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in a DC bus voltage when discharged. is there. 図２の（ａ）は、従来の蓄電システムの構成の一例における充電時を示す概略図であり、図２の（ｂ）は、充電されるときのＤＣバス電圧の変化の一例を示す図である。FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram illustrating charging in an example of a configuration of a conventional power storage system, and FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in DC bus voltage when charging. is there. 図３は、従来の蓄電システムにおける問題点を説明する概略図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a problem in the conventional power storage system. 図４は、本発明の実施の形態１における充放電制御装置および蓄電システムの概略構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the charge / discharge control device and the power storage system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 図５は、本発明の実施の形態１における充放電コントローラおよびＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 図６は、本発明の実施の形態１におけるＤＣバス電圧制御部の詳細な構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of the DC bus voltage control unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図７は、本発明の実施の形態１における充放電コントローラの動作の流れを示すフローチャートである。FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations of the charge / discharge controller according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 図８は、本発明の実施の形態１におけるＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの動作の流れを示すフローチャートである。FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 図９は、ストリングごとに取得された目標電流値およびＤＣバス電圧現在値と、算出されたＤＣバス電圧目標値および電流リミット値との一例を示す図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the target current value and DC bus voltage current value acquired for each string, and the calculated DC bus voltage target value and current limit value. 図１０は、本発明の実施の形態２における充放電コントローラおよびＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing configurations of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 図１１は、本発明の実施の形態２におけるＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの動作の流れを示すフローチャートである。FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 図１２は、本発明の実施の形態３における充放電コントローラおよびＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing configurations of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. 図１３は、本発明の実施の形態３における電池残存容量の目標値と現在の電池残存容量との関係の一例を示す図である。FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the target value of the battery remaining capacity and the current battery remaining capacity in the third embodiment of the present invention. 図１４は、本発明の実施の形態３におけるＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの動作の流れを示すフローチャートである。FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. 図１５は、本発明の実施の形態４における充放電コントローラおよびＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing configurations of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. 図１６は、充電切替目標値、放電切替目標値、およびＤＣバス基準電圧値との関係の一例を示す図である。FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a relationship between a charge switching target value, a discharge switching target value, and a DC bus reference voltage value. 図１７は、ストリングの構成の一例を示す概略図である。FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a string.
　（本発明の基礎となった知見）
　本発明者は、「背景技術」の欄において記載した蓄電システムに関し、以下の問題が生じることを見出した。 (Knowledge that became the basis of the present invention)
The present inventor has found that the following problems occur with respect to the power storage system described in the “Background Art” column.
　図１の（ａ）は、従来の蓄電システムの構成の一例における放電時を示す概略図であり、図１の（ｂ）は放電されるときのＤＣバス電圧の変化の一例を示す図である。図２の（ａ）は、従来の蓄電システムの構成の一例における充電時を示す概略図であり、図２の（ｂ）は充電されるときのＤＣバス電圧の変化の一例を示す図である。 FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing a discharge in an example of a configuration of a conventional power storage system, and FIG. 1B is a diagram showing an example of a change in a DC bus voltage when discharged. . FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram illustrating charging in an example of a configuration of a conventional power storage system, and FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in DC bus voltage when being charged. .
　従来、複数の蓄電池ユニットを備えた蓄電システムは、例えば図１の（ａ）に示すように太陽電池等のＰＶ１０、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ（ＤＣ／ＤＣ）２０、複数の蓄電池ユニット（ストリング）３０１、３０２、…３０ｎ、ＤＣ／ＡＣコンバータ（ＤＣ／ＡＣ）４０、およびＤＣバス５０を備えている。また、各蓄電池ユニット（ストリング）３０ｎは、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ（ＤＣ／ＤＣ）３１ｎと複数の電池パック３２ｎ、３３ｎ、…３４ｎとを備えている。 Conventionally, a storage system including a plurality of storage battery units includes, for example, a PV 10 such as a solar battery, a DC / DC converter (DC / DC) 20, and a plurality of storage battery units (strings) 30 1 as shown in FIG. , 30 2 ,... 30 n , a DC / AC converter (DC / AC) 40, and a DC bus 50. Each battery unit (strings) 30 n is provided with a DC / DC converter (DC / DC) 31 n and a plurality of battery packs 32 n, 33 n, and a ... 34 n.
　このように構成された蓄電システムでは、例えば、電力系統から供給される余剰電力またはＰＶで生成された電力などがストリング３０に充電され、電力で動作する機器（負荷）に電力を供給するためにストリング３０から放電される。すなわち、ＤＣ／ＡＣコンバータ４０から負荷側に出力する電力ＰａがＰＶ１０からＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２０側に入力される電力Ｐｂより大きいときにストリング３０から放電され、電力Ｐａが電力Ｐｂより小さいときにストリング３０へ充電される。 In the power storage system configured as described above, for example, surplus power supplied from the power system or power generated by PV is charged in the string 30 to supply power to a device (load) that operates on power. The string 30 is discharged. That is, the string 30 is discharged when the electric power Pa output from the DC / AC converter 40 to the load side is larger than the electric power Pb input from the PV 10 to the DC / DC converter 20 side, and the electric power Pa is smaller than the electric power Pb. 30 is charged.
　各ストリング３０のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３１は、ＤＣバス電圧センサ（図示せず）を備えており、それぞれがＤＣバス電圧を検出している。そして、各ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３１は、検出したＤＣバス電圧があらかじめ設定されているＤＣバス基準電圧値（図１及び２での目標値）になるようにストリング３０の充放電を制御している。ここで、Ｐａ＞Ｐｂのとき、図１の（ｂ）に示すようにＤＣバス電圧が下がるため、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３１はＤＣバス基準電圧値に近づけるように制御し、図１の（ａ）に示すように放電することになる。一方、Ｐａ＜Ｐｂのとき、図２の（ｂ）に示すようにＤＣバス電圧が上がるため、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３１はＤＣバス基準電圧値に近づけるように制御し、図２の（ａ）に示すように充電することになる。 The DC / DC converter 31 of each string 30 includes a DC bus voltage sensor (not shown), and each detects a DC bus voltage. Each DC / DC converter 31 controls charging / discharging of the string 30 so that the detected DC bus voltage becomes a preset DC bus reference voltage value (target value in FIGS. 1 and 2). . Here, when Pa> Pb, the DC bus voltage decreases as shown in FIG. 1B, so the DC / DC converter 31 is controlled so as to approach the DC bus reference voltage value, and FIG. As shown in FIG. On the other hand, when Pa <Pb, the DC bus voltage rises as shown in FIG. 2B, so that the DC / DC converter 31 is controlled so as to approach the DC bus reference voltage value, as shown in FIG. You will charge as shown.
　しかしながら、Ｐａ＞ＰｂからＰａ＜Ｐｂに切り替わる際、またはＰａ＜ＰｂからＰａ＞Ｐｂに切り替わる際などのＰａとＰｂとの差が小さいときに、ＤＣバス電圧センサの検出誤差等によって、各ストリング３０で検出されるＤＣバス電圧がばらつき、図３に示すように各ストリング３０の中で放電するストリングと充電するストリングとが混在するという問題が生じる。このように、各ストリング３０の充放電方向がバラバラになると、単にストリング３０間で移動するだけの電力が生じ、電力ロスが大きくなったり、電池寿命が低下したりするという問題がある。 However, when the difference between Pa and Pb is small, such as when switching from Pa> Pb to Pa <Pb, or when switching from Pa <Pb to Pa> Pb, etc., each string 30 As shown in FIG. 3, there is a problem in that the string to be discharged and the string to be charged are mixed in each string 30 as shown in FIG. As described above, when the charge / discharge directions of the strings 30 are different, there is a problem that electric power that is simply moved between the strings 30 is generated, resulting in a large power loss and a decrease in battery life.
　また、各ストリング３０において、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３１がそれぞれ充放電の制御を行っているので、例えば電池パックの状態に応じて、ストリング間の放電量および充電量を変えることができないという問題がある。例えば、劣化の大きい電池を有するストリングの放電量を、その他のストリングに対して小さくすることができない。 In addition, since the DC / DC converter 31 controls charging / discharging in each string 30, there is a problem that the amount of discharge and the amount of charge between the strings cannot be changed according to the state of the battery pack, for example. . For example, the discharge amount of a string having a battery with large deterioration cannot be made smaller than that of other strings.
　このような問題を解決するために、本発明の一態様に係る充放電制御装置は、ＤＣバスに接続される複数の蓄電池の充放電を制御する充放電制御装置であって、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの制御目標値を、当該蓄電池への充電の分配割合を示す充電割合または当該蓄電池からの放電の分配割合を示す放電割合に基づいて適時変更する目標値変更部と、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの充放電を、適時変更された前記制御目標値に基づいて制御する制御部とを備える。 In order to solve such a problem, a charge / discharge control device according to an aspect of the present invention is a charge / discharge control device that controls charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries connected to a DC bus, and the plurality of storage batteries A target value changing unit that changes the control target values of the plurality of storage batteries in a timely manner based on a charge ratio indicating a distribution ratio of charge to the storage battery or a discharge ratio indicating a distribution ratio of discharge from the storage battery, And a control unit that controls each charge / discharge based on the control target value changed in a timely manner.
　これにより、各蓄電池における充放電を分配割合に応じて、各蓄電池に適切に分配するように制御することができるので、複数の蓄電池の充放電を効率よく制御することができる。また、複数の蓄電池の充放電を効率よく制御することで、電力ロスを抑制することもできる。さらに、例えば分配割合を変えることで各蓄電池の状態についても反映させて充放電を制御することもできる。 Thereby, since charging / discharging in each storage battery can be controlled to be appropriately distributed to each storage battery according to the distribution ratio, charging / discharging of a plurality of storage batteries can be controlled efficiently. Moreover, electric power loss can also be suppressed by controlling charging / discharging of a some storage battery efficiently. Furthermore, for example, by changing the distribution ratio, the state of each storage battery can be reflected and the charge / discharge can be controlled.
　また、前記目標値変更部は、ＤＣバスに入力される入力電力値およびＤＣバスから出力される出力電力値を取得する電力取得部と、必要とされる全体電力値を前記入力電力値および前記出力電力値に基づいて算出する全体電力算出部と、全体電流値をあらかじめ設定されるＤＣバス基準電圧値および前記全体電力値に基づいて算出する全体電流算出部と、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの充放電時の目標電流値を、前記全体電流値から当該蓄電池の前記充電割合または前記放電割合に基づいて算出する目標電流算出部と、前記制御目標値を前記目標電流値に基づいて適時変更する変更部とを備えてもよい。 In addition, the target value changing unit includes a power acquisition unit that acquires an input power value input to the DC bus and an output power value output from the DC bus, and a required overall power value as the input power value and the An overall power calculation unit for calculating based on the output power value; an overall current calculation unit for calculating an overall current value based on a preset DC bus reference voltage value and the overall power value; and a plurality of storage batteries. A target current calculation unit that calculates a target current value at the time of charging / discharging based on the charging rate or the discharging rate of the storage battery from the total current value, and changes the control target value in a timely manner based on the target current value. You may provide a change part.
　また、前記制御目標値は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時の電流リミット値であり、前記充放電制御装置は、さらに、ＤＣバスの現在の電圧値であるＤＣバス電圧現在値を取得するＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部を備え、前記目標値変更部は、さらに、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける電流リミット値を、前記ＤＣバス基準電圧値、前記目標電流値、および前記ＤＣバス電圧現在値に基づいて算出し、算出した前記電流リミット値で現在の電流リミット値を変更する電流リミット値算出部を備え、前記制御部は、適時変更された前記電流リミット値を用いて前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電を制御してもよい。 Further, the control target value is a current limit value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries, and the charge / discharge control device further acquires a current value of the DC bus voltage that is a current voltage value of the DC bus. A current value acquisition unit for DC bus voltage, and the target value changing unit further determines a current limit value for each of the plurality of storage batteries as the DC bus reference voltage value, the target current value, and the DC bus voltage current value. A current limit value calculation unit that calculates a current limit value based on the calculated current limit value, and the control unit uses the current limit value that is changed in a timely manner. You may control charging / discharging in each of these.
　また、前記電流リミット値算出部は、前記電流リミット値として前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充電用電流リミット値および放電用電流リミット値を算出し、前記制御部は、前記充電用電流リミット値以上前記放電用電流リミット値以下の範囲で前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電を制御してもよい。 Further, the current limit value calculating unit calculates a charging current limit value and a discharging current limit value in each of the plurality of storage batteries as the current limit value, and the control unit is equal to or more than the charging current limit value. You may control charging / discharging in each of these storage batteries in the range below the electric current limit value for discharge.
　また、前記制御目標値は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧目標値であり、前記目標値変更部は、さらに、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧目標値を、前記ＤＣバス基準電圧値および前記目標電流値に基づいて算出し、算出した前記ＤＣバス電圧目標値で現在のＤＣバス電圧目標値を変更するＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部を備え、前記制御部は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧を、適時変更された前記ＤＣバス電圧目標値に基づいて制御することにより、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電を制御してもよい。 Further, the control target value is a DC bus voltage target value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries, and the target value changing unit further includes a DC bus voltage at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries. A target value is calculated based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the target current value, and includes a DC bus voltage target value calculation unit that changes a current DC bus voltage target value with the calculated DC bus voltage target value, The control unit controls charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries by controlling the DC bus voltage at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries based on the DC bus voltage target value changed in a timely manner. May be.
　また、前記充放電制御装置は、さらに、ＤＣバスの現在の電圧値であるＤＣバス電圧現在値を取得するＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部を備え、前記制御部は、放電時に前記ＤＣバス電圧現在値があらかじめ設定された充電切替目標値以上になった場合に、放電から充電に切り替え、充電時に前記ＤＣバス電圧現在値があらかじめ設定された放電切替目標値以下になった場合に、充電から放電に切り替るように前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電を制御してもよい。 The charge / discharge control device further includes a DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit that acquires a current value of the DC bus voltage that is a current voltage value of the DC bus, and the control unit includes the current value of the DC bus voltage during discharging. When the value is equal to or higher than a preset charge switching target value, switching from discharging to charging is performed. When the DC bus voltage current value is less than or equal to a preset discharge switching target value during charging, charging to discharging is performed. The charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries may be controlled so as to switch to
　また、前記制御目標値は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時の前記目標電流値であり、前記目標値変更部は、さらに、ＤＣバスの現在の電圧値であるＤＣバス電圧現在値を取得するＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部と、前記目標電流値を、前記ＤＣバス基準電圧値および前記ＤＣバス電圧現在値に基づいて補正する目標電流補正部とを備え、前記制御部は、補正された前記目標電流値を用いて前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電を制御してもよい。 Further, the control target value is the target current value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries, and the target value changing unit further calculates a DC bus voltage current value that is a current voltage value of the DC bus. A DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit to acquire; and a target current correction unit that corrects the target current value based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the DC bus voltage current value, and the control unit is corrected. The charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries may be controlled using the target current value.
　また、前記制御目標値は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時の電流リミット値であり、前記目標値変更部は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの現在の電池残存容量を取得する残存容量取得部と、取得された前記電池残存容量およびあらかじめ設定される電池残存容量の目標値に基づいて前記電流リミット値を算出し、算出した前記電流リミット値で現在の電流リミット値を変更する電流リミット値算出部とを備え、前記制御部は、適時変更された前記電流リミット値を用いて前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電を制御してもよい。 Further, the control target value is a current limit value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries, and the target value changing unit acquires a remaining battery capacity of each of the plurality of storage batteries. Current limit value is calculated based on the obtained battery remaining capacity and a preset target battery remaining capacity value, and the current limit value is changed by the calculated current limit value. A calculation unit, and the control unit may control charging / discharging of each of the plurality of storage batteries using the current limit value changed in a timely manner.
　また、前記制御部は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれに備えられ、当該蓄電池における充放電を前記制御目標値に基づいて制御してもよい。 The control unit may be provided in each of the plurality of storage batteries, and may control charging / discharging in the storage battery based on the control target value.
　また、本発明の一態様に係る充放電制御装置は、ＤＣバスに接続される複数の蓄電池の充放電を制御する充放電制御装置であって、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの制御目標値を、当該蓄電池への充電の分配割合を示す充電割合または当該蓄電池からの放電の分配割合を示す放電割合に基づいて適時変更する目標値変更部と、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの充放電を、適時変更された前記制御目標値に基づいて制御する制御部とを備え、前記制御目標値は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧目標値であり、前記目標値変更部は、さらに、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧目標値を、前記ＤＣバス基準電圧値および前記目標電流値に基づいて算出し、算出した前記ＤＣバス電圧目標値で現在のＤＣバス電圧目標値を変更するＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部を備え、前記制御部は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧を、適時変更された前記ＤＣバス電圧目標値に基づいて制御することにより、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電を制御するとしてもよい。 Moreover, the charge / discharge control device according to one aspect of the present invention is a charge / discharge control device that controls charging / discharging of a plurality of storage batteries connected to a DC bus, and each control target value of the plurality of storage batteries is determined by: A target value changing unit that changes timely based on a charge rate that indicates a distribution rate of charge to the storage battery or a discharge rate that indicates a distribution rate of discharge from the storage battery, and each charge and discharge of the plurality of storage batteries is changed timely The control target value is a DC bus voltage target value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries, and the target value changing unit further includes: The DC bus voltage target value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries is calculated based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the target current value, and the calculated DC bus voltage target value is A DC bus voltage target value calculation unit that changes a current DC bus voltage target value, and the control unit changes the DC bus voltage at the time of charging and discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries to the DC bus voltage target that is changed in a timely manner. By controlling based on the value, charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries may be controlled.
　なお、これらの全般的または具体的な態様は、システム、方法、集積回路、コンピュータプログラムまたは記録媒体で実現されてもよく、システム、方法、集積回路、コンピュータプログラムおよび記録媒体の任意な組み合わせで実現されてもよい。 These general or specific aspects may be realized by a system, a method, an integrated circuit, a computer program, or a recording medium, and are realized by any combination of the system, method, integrated circuit, computer program, and recording medium. May be.
　以下、本発明の一態様に係る充放電制御装置および蓄電システムについて、図面を参照しながら具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, a charge / discharge control device and a power storage system according to one embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
　なお、以下で説明する実施の形態は、いずれも本発明の一具体例を示すものである。以下の実施の形態で示される数値、形状、材料、構成要素、構成要素の配置位置及び接続形態、ステップ、ステップの順序などは、一例であり、本発明を限定する主旨ではない。また、以下の実施の形態における構成要素のうち、最上位概念を示す独立請求項に記載されていない構成要素については、任意の構成要素として説明される。 Note that each of the embodiments described below shows a specific example of the present invention. The numerical values, shapes, materials, constituent elements, arrangement positions and connecting forms of the constituent elements, steps, order of steps, and the like shown in the following embodiments are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, among the constituent elements in the following embodiments, constituent elements that are not described in the independent claims indicating the highest concept are described as optional constituent elements.
　（実施の形態１）
　図４は、本発明の実施の形態１における充放電制御装置および蓄電システムの概略構成を示すブロック図である。 (Embodiment 1)
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the charge / discharge control device and the power storage system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
　複数の蓄電池ユニットを備えた蓄電システムは、図４に示すようにＰＶ１０、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ（ＤＣ／ＤＣ）２０、複数の蓄電池ユニット（ストリング）６０１、６０２、…６０ｎ、ＤＣ／ＡＣコンバータ（ＤＣ／ＡＣ）４０、ＤＣバス５０、および充放電コントローラ１００を備えている。また、各ストリング６０ｎは、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ（ＤＣ／ＤＣ）２００ｎと複数の電池パック３２ｎ、３３ｎ、…３４ｎとを備えている。 As shown in FIG. 4, the power storage system including a plurality of storage battery units includes a PV 10, a DC / DC converter (DC / DC) 20, a plurality of storage battery units (strings) 60 1 , 60 2 ,... 60 n , DC / AC A converter (DC / AC) 40, a DC bus 50, and a charge / discharge controller 100 are provided. Each string 60 n includes a DC / DC converter (DC / DC) 200 n and a plurality of battery packs 32 n , 33 n ,... 34 n .
　ＰＶ１０は、例えば太陽光エネルギーを直接的に電気エネルギーに変換することで発電する太陽電池等である。ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２０は、ＰＶ１０から供給される直流電力の電圧を所定の電圧に変換してＤＣバス５０に出力する。ＤＣ／ＡＣコンバータ４０は、ＤＣバス５０から供給される直流電力を交流電力に変換し、負荷側に交流電力を出力する。なお、本実施の形態１では、充放電制御装置の機能は、充放電コントローラ１００および複数のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００１、２００２、…２００ｎによって実現されている。 The PV 10 is, for example, a solar cell that generates power by directly converting solar energy into electric energy. The DC / DC converter 20 converts the DC power voltage supplied from the PV 10 into a predetermined voltage and outputs the voltage to the DC bus 50. The DC / AC converter 40 converts the DC power supplied from the DC bus 50 into AC power and outputs the AC power to the load side. In the first embodiment, the function of the charge / discharge control device is realized by the charge / discharge controller 100 and a plurality of DC / DC converters 200 1 , 200 2 ,... 200 n .
　図５は、本発明の実施の形態１における充放電コントローラおよびＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの構成を示すブロック図である。なお、図５では、説明の簡単のため、複数のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００１、２００２、…２００ｎのうちのＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００ｉのみについて図示している。なお、「ｉ」は、１～ｎの任意の自然数である。 FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 5, for simplicity of explanation, it is shown only for the DC / DC converter 200 i of the plurality of DC / DC converter 200 1, 200 2, ... 200 n. “I” is an arbitrary natural number from 1 to n.
　充放電コントローラ１００は、図５に示すように電力取得部１０１、全体電力算出部１０２、全体電流算出部１０３、目標電流算出部１０４、目標電流設定部１０５、電池情報取得部１０６、電池状態算出部１０７、および割合決定部１０８を備えている。 As shown in FIG. 5, the charge / discharge controller 100 includes a power acquisition unit 101, an overall power calculation unit 102, an overall current calculation unit 103, a target current calculation unit 104, a target current setting unit 105, a battery information acquisition unit 106, and a battery state calculation. Unit 107 and ratio determining unit 108.
　電力取得部１０１は、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２０からＤＣバス５０に入力される電力値Ｐｂ、およびＤＣバスからＤＣ／ＡＣコンバータ４０へ出力される電力値Ｐａを取得する。全体電力算出部１０２は、全体で必要とされる全体電力値Ｐｓを下記式１で示すように電力値Ｐａから電力値Ｐｂを減算することで算出する。 The power acquisition unit 101 acquires the power value Pb input from the DC / DC converter 20 to the DC bus 50 and the power value Pa output from the DC bus to the DC / AC converter 40. The overall power calculation unit 102 calculates the overall power value Ps required as a whole by subtracting the power value Pb from the power value Pa as shown in the following equation 1.
　全体電力値Ｐｓ＝電力値Ｐａ－電力値Ｐｂ　…（式１） Total power value Ps = Power value Pa−Power value Pb (Equation 1)
　全体電流算出部１０３は、ストリング全体電流値（全体電流値）Ｉを、あらかじめ設定されるＤＣバス基準電圧値（例えば、５００Ｖ）および全体電力値Ｐｓに基づいて、下記式２で示すように算出する。 The total current calculation unit 103 calculates the string total current value (total current value) I based on a preset DC bus reference voltage value (for example, 500 V) and the total power value Ps as shown in the following Expression 2. To do.
　全体電流値Ｉ＝全体電力値Ｐｓ／ＤＣバス基準電圧値　…（式２） Total current value I = Total power value Ps / DC bus reference voltage value (Equation 2)
　電池情報取得部１０６は、ストリング６０ｉの電池パック３２ｉ、３３ｉ、…３４ｉの例えば電池電圧値、電流値等の電池情報を取得する。電池状態算出部１０７は、ストリング６０ｉの電池の劣化度および電池残存容量を、電池情報取得部１０６によって取得された電池情報に基づいて算出する。割合決定部１０８は、ストリング６０ｉへの充電の分配割合を示す充電割合Ｒｃｉおよび各ストリング６０ｉからの放電の分配割合を示す放電割合Ｒｄｉを、電池状態算出部１０７によって算出されたストリング６０ｉの電池の劣化度および電池残存容量に基づいて決定する。 The battery information acquisition unit 106 acquires battery information such as a battery voltage value and a current value of the battery packs 32 i , 33 i ,... 34 i of the string 60 i . The battery state calculation unit 107 calculates the degree of battery deterioration and the remaining battery capacity of the string 60 i based on the battery information acquired by the battery information acquisition unit 106. The ratio determination unit 108 calculates the charge ratio Rc i indicating the distribution ratio of charge to the string 60 i and the discharge ratio Rd i indicating the distribution ratio of discharge from each string 60 i by the string calculated by the battery state calculation unit 107. It is determined based on the deterioration degree of the battery of 60 i and the remaining battery capacity.
　目標電流算出部１０４は、ストリング６０ｉにおける充放電時の目標電流値Ｉｉを全体電流値Ｉから充電割合Ｒｃｉまたは放電割合Ｒｄｉに応じて、下記式３～式５で示すようにそれぞれ算出する。 The target current calculation unit 104 sets the target current value I i at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i from the overall current value I according to the charging rate Rc i or the discharging rate Rd i as shown in the following formulas 3 to 5, respectively. calculate.
　Ｉ＞０のとき　目標電流値Ｉｉ＝全体電流値Ｉ×放電割合Ｒｄｉ…（式３）
　Ｉ＜０のとき　目標電流値Ｉｉ＝全体電流値Ｉ×充電割合Ｒｃｉ…（式４）
　Ｉ＝０のとき　目標電流値Ｉｉ＝０　　　　　　　　　　　　…（式５） When I> 0, target current value I i = total current value I × discharge ratio Rd i (Equation 3)
When I <0, target current value I i = total current value I × charge ratio Rc i (Expression 4)
When I = 0 Target current value I i = 0 (Expression 5)
　目標電流設定部１０５は、目標電流値Ｉｉを対応するストリング６０ｉに通知する。 Target current setting unit 105 notifies the target current value I i to the corresponding string 60 i.
　一方、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００ｉは、図５に示すように目標電流取得部２０１ｉ、ＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部２０２ｉ、ＤＣバス電圧制御部２０３ｉ、ＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部２０４ｉ、および電流リミット値算出部２０５ｉを備えている。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5, the DC / DC converter 200 i includes a target current acquisition unit 201 i , a DC bus voltage target value calculation unit 202 i , a DC bus voltage control unit 203 i , and a DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i. , And a current limit value calculation unit 205 i .
　目標電流取得部２０１ｉは、充放電コントローラ１００から通知される目標電流値Ｉｉを取得する。ＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部２０２ｉは、ストリング６０ｉにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖｉを、ＤＣバス基準電圧値および目標電流値Ｉｉに基づいて下記式６で示すように算出する。 The target current acquisition unit 201 i acquires the target current value I i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100. The DC bus voltage target value calculation unit 202 i calculates the DC bus voltage target value V i at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the target current value I i as shown in the following Expression 6. To do.
　ＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖｉ＝ＤＣバス基準電圧値＋ｋ１×目標電流値Ｉｉ　…（式６） DC bus voltage target value V i = DC bus reference voltage value + k1 × target current value I i (Expression 6)
　ここで、ｋ１は任意の固定値である。 Here, k1 is an arbitrary fixed value.
　ＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部２０４ｉは、ＤＣバス５０の現在の電圧値であるＤＣバス電圧現在値を取得する。電流リミット値算出部２０５は、ストリング６０ｉにおける充放電時の電流リミット値Ｉｌｉを、目標電流値Ｉｉ、ＤＣバス基準電圧値、およびＤＣバス電圧現在値に基づいて下記式７で示すように算出する。 The DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i acquires a DC bus voltage current value that is a current voltage value of the DC bus 50. The current limit value calculation unit 205 represents the current limit value Il i at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the target current value I i , the DC bus reference voltage value, and the DC bus voltage current value as shown in Equation 7 below. To calculate.
　電流リミット値Ｉｌｉ＝目標電流値Ｉｉ＋ｋ２×（ＤＣバス基準電圧値－ＤＣバス電圧現在値）…（式７） Current limit value Il i = target current value I i + k2 × (DC bus reference voltage value−DC bus voltage current value) (Expression 7)
　ここで、ｋ２は任意の固定値である。このように偏差（ＤＣバス基準電圧値－ＤＣバス電圧現在値）に応じて電流リミット値Ｉｌｉを変えることでＤＣバス電圧の急激な変動を抑えることができる。 Here, k2 is an arbitrary fixed value. Thus, by changing the current limit value Il i in accordance with the deviation (DC bus reference voltage value−DC bus voltage current value), it is possible to suppress rapid fluctuations in the DC bus voltage.
　ＤＣバス電圧制御部２０３ｉは、ＤＣバス電圧目標値ＶｉとＤＣバス電圧現在値との偏差に比例した電流を流すことによって、ＤＣバス電圧を制御する。 DC bus voltage controller 203 i, by passing a current proportional to the deviation between the DC bus voltage target value V i and DC bus voltage current value, and controls the DC bus voltage.
　図６は、本発明の実施の形態１におけるＤＣバス電圧制御部の詳細な構成を示すブロック図である。 FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the DC bus voltage control unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
　ＤＣバス電圧制御部２０３ｉは、図６に示すようにＰＩＤ制御部２１０ｉ、電流リミット制御部２１１ｉ、ＰＷＭ（Ｐｕｌｓｅ　Ｗｉｄｔｈ　Ｍｏｄｕｌａｔｉｏｎ）２１２ｉ、およびパワーモジュール２１３ｉを備えている。 As shown in FIG. 6, the DC bus voltage control unit 203 i includes a PID control unit 210 i , a current limit control unit 211 i , a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) 212 i , and a power module 213 i .
　ＰＩＤ制御部２１０ｉは、ＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部２０２ｉによって算出されたＤＣバス電圧目標値ＶｉおよびＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部２０４ｉによって取得されたＤＣバス電圧現在値を用いてＰＩＤ制御を行う。電流リミット制御部２１１ｉは、電流リミット値算出部２０５ｉによって算出された電流リミット値Ｉｌｉを越えないように電流を制御する。ＰＷＭ２１２ｉは、パルス幅変調を行ってＰＷＭ波形を出力する。パワーモジュール２１３ｉは、例えばＩＧＢＴ（Ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｅｄ－Ｇａｔｅ　Ｂｉｐｏｌａｒ　Ｔｒａｎｓｉｓｔｏｒｓ）等であり、ＰＷＭ２１２ｉから出力されたＰＷＭ波形に基づいて出力を制御する。 PID control unit 210 i is, PID using DC bus voltage target value DC bus voltage current value obtained by the calculated DC bus voltage target value V i and DC bus voltage current value acquiring unit 204 i by the calculating unit 202 i Take control. The current limit control unit 211 i controls the current so as not to exceed the current limit value Il i calculated by the current limit value calculation unit 205 i . The PWM 212 i performs pulse width modulation and outputs a PWM waveform. The power module 213 i is an IGBT (Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors), for example, and controls the output based on the PWM waveform output from the PWM 212 i .
　次に、上記のように構成された充放電コントローラの動作について説明する。図７は、本発明の実施の形態１における充放電コントローラの動作の流れを示すフローチャートである。 Next, the operation of the charge / discharge controller configured as described above will be described. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations of the charge / discharge controller according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
　電池情報取得部１０６は、ストリング６０ｉの電池パック３２ｉ、３３ｉ、…３４ｉの例えば電池電圧値および電流値等の電池情報を取得する（ステップＳ１０１）。電池状態算出部１０７は、ストリング６０ｉの電池の劣化度および電池残存容量を、電池情報取得部１０６によって取得された電池情報に基づいて算出する（ステップＳ１０２）。割合決定部１０８は、ストリング６０ｉへの充電の分配割合を示す充電割合Ｒｃｉおよびストリング６０ｉからの放電の分配割合を示す放電割合Ｒｄｉを、電池状態算出部１０７によって算出されたストリング６０ｉの電池の劣化度および電池残存容量に基づいて決定する（ステップＳ１０３）。例えば、電池の劣化度が大きいストリング６０ｉについては、できるだけ使用しないように、その他のストリング６０ｊより分配割合を小さくして全体の分配割合を決定することができる。また、例えば複数のストリング６０１～ｎのそれぞれの電池残存容量が均一になるように、他のストリング６０ｋに比べて電池残存容量が低いストリング６０ｌに対しては、他のストリング６０ｋに比べて充電割合を大きく（つまり、Ｒｃｌ＞Ｒｃｋ）、また放電割合を小さく（つまり、Ｒｄｌ＜Ｒｄｋ）決定することができる。なお、ここで、「ｊ」、「ｋ」、および「ｌ」は、互いに異なり、かつ、それぞれが「ｉ」と異なる１～ｎの間の任意の自然数である。　電力取得部１０１は、センサ等を用いて、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２０からＤＣバス５０に入力される電力値Ｐｂ、およびＤＣバスからＤＣ／ＡＣコンバータ４０へ出力される電力値Ｐａを取得する（ステップＳ１０４）。全体電力算出部１０２は、全体で必要とされる全体電力値Ｐｓを上記のように電力値Ｐａから電力値Ｐｂを減算することで算出する（ステップＳ１０５）。全体電流算出部１０３は、全体電流値ＩをＤＣバス基準電圧値および全体電力値Ｐｓに基づいて上記のように算出する（ステップＳ１０６）。目標電流算出部１０４は、ストリング６０ｉにおける充放電時の目標電流値Ｉｉを全体電流値Ｉから充電割合Ｒｃｉまたは放電割合Ｒｄｉに応じて上記のようにそれぞれ算出する（ステップＳ１０７）。目標電流設定部１０５は、目標電流算出部１０４で算出された目標電流値Ｉｉを対応するストリング６０ｉに通知する（ステップＳ１０８）。定周期Ａが経過したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１０９）。所定の定周期Ａが経過していない場合（ステップＳ１０９でＮｏ）には所定の定周期Ａが経過するまで、判定を繰り返す。そして、所定の定周期Ａが経過した場合（ステップＳ１０９でＹｅｓ）、所定の定周期Ｂが経過したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１１０）。所定の定周期Ｂが経過した場合（ステップＳ１１０でＹｅｓ）、電池情報の取得処理（ステップＳ１０１）に戻る。一方、所定の定周期Ｂが経過していない場合（ステップＳ１１０でＮｏ）、電力値Ｐｂおよび電力値Ｐａの取得処理（ステップＳ１０４）に戻る。なお、定周期Ａおよび定周期Ｂはあらかじめ設定され、定周期Ｂ（例えば１００ｍｓ等）は、定周期Ａ（例えば５ｍｓ等）より長く設定される。また、定周期Ａおよび定周期Ｂは変更することも可能である。 The battery information acquisition unit 106 acquires battery information such as a battery voltage value and a current value of the battery packs 32 i , 33 i ,... 34 i of the string 60 i (step S101). The battery state calculation unit 107 calculates the degree of battery degradation and the remaining battery capacity of the string 60 i based on the battery information acquired by the battery information acquisition unit 106 (step S102). Ratio determining unit 108, the discharge rate Rd i indicating the distribution ratio of the discharge from the charging rate Rc i and string 60 i shows the distribution ratio of the charging of the string 60 i, string calculated by the battery state calculator 107 60 It is determined based on the degree of deterioration of the battery i and the remaining battery capacity (step S103). For example, it is possible to determine the overall distribution ratio by making the distribution ratio smaller than the other strings 60 j so that the string 60 i having a large degree of battery degradation is not used as much as possible. Further, for example, as each of the remaining battery capacity of a plurality of strings 60 1 ~ n becomes uniform, for the remaining battery capacity is low string 60 l compared to other strings 60 k, the other strings 60 k In comparison with this, it is possible to determine a larger charge ratio (that is, Rc 1 > Rc k ) and a lower discharge ratio (that is, Rd 1 <Rd k ). Here, “j”, “k”, and “l” are arbitrary natural numbers between 1 and n different from each other and different from “i”. The power acquisition unit 101 acquires a power value Pb input from the DC / DC converter 20 to the DC bus 50 and a power value Pa output from the DC bus to the DC / AC converter 40 using a sensor or the like (step) S104). The total power calculation unit 102 calculates the total power value Ps required as a whole by subtracting the power value Pb from the power value Pa as described above (step S105). The total current calculation unit 103 calculates the total current value I based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the total power value Ps as described above (step S106). The target current calculation unit 104 calculates the target current value I i at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i from the overall current value I in accordance with the charging rate Rc i or the discharging rate Rd i as described above (step S107). The target current setting unit 105 notifies the corresponding string 60 i of the target current value I i calculated by the target current calculation unit 104 (step S108). It is determined whether or not the fixed period A has elapsed (step S109). If the predetermined constant period A has not elapsed (No in step S109), the determination is repeated until the predetermined constant period A has elapsed. If the predetermined fixed period A has elapsed (Yes in step S109), it is determined whether or not the predetermined fixed period B has elapsed (step S110). When the predetermined fixed period B has elapsed (Yes in step S110), the process returns to the battery information acquisition process (step S101). On the other hand, when the predetermined fixed period B has not elapsed (No in step S110), the process returns to the process of acquiring the power value Pb and the power value Pa (step S104). The fixed period A and the fixed period B are set in advance, and the fixed period B (for example, 100 ms) is set longer than the fixed period A (for example, 5 ms). Moreover, the fixed period A and the fixed period B can be changed.
　次に、上記のように構成されたＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの動作について説明する。図８は、本発明の実施の形態１におけるＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの動作の流れを示すフローチャートである。 Next, the operation of the DC / DC converter configured as described above will be described. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
　目標電流取得部２０１ｉは、充放電コントローラ１００から通知される目標電流値Ｉｉを取得する（ステップＳ２０１）。ＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部２０４ｉは、ＤＣバス５０の現在の電圧値であるＤＣバス電圧現在値を取得する（ステップＳ２０２）。ＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部２０２ｉは、ストリング６０ｉにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖｉを、ＤＣバス基準電圧値および目標電流値Ｉｉに基づいて上記のように算出する（ステップＳ２０３）。電流リミット値算出部２０５ｉは、ストリング６０ｉにおける充放電時の電流リミット値Ｉｌｉを、目標電流値Ｉｉ、ＤＣバス基準電圧値、およびＤＣバス電圧現在値に基づいて上記のように算出する（ステップＳ２０４）。ＤＣバス電圧制御部２０３ｉは、ストリング６０ｉにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧を、ＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖｉ、ＤＣバス電圧現在値、および電流リミット値Ｉｌｉに基づいて制御する（ステップＳ２０５）。定周期Ｃが経過したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ２０６）。所定の定周期Ｃが経過していない場合（ステップＳ２０６でＮｏ）には所定の定周期Ｃが経過するまで、判定を繰り返す。そして、所定の定周期Ｃが経過した場合（ステップＳ２０６でＹｅｓ）、目標電流値Ｉｉの取得処理（ステップＳ２０１）に戻る。なお、定周期Ｃもあらかじめ設定され、定周期Ｃ（例えば１ｍｓ等）は、定周期Ａおよび定周期Ｂより短く設定されるが、これに限られるものではない。また、定周期Ｃは変更することも可能である。 The target current acquisition unit 201 i acquires the target current value I i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100 (step S201). The DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i acquires a DC bus voltage current value that is a current voltage value of the DC bus 50 (step S202). The DC bus voltage target value calculation unit 202 i calculates the DC bus voltage target value V i at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i as described above based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the target current value I i (step). S203). The current limit value calculation unit 205 i calculates the current limit value Il i during charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the target current value I i , the DC bus reference voltage value, and the DC bus voltage current value as described above. (Step S204). The DC bus voltage control unit 203 i controls the DC bus voltage at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the DC bus voltage target value V i , the DC bus voltage current value, and the current limit value Il i (step S205). ). It is determined whether or not the fixed period C has elapsed (step S206). If the predetermined constant period C has not elapsed (No in step S206), the determination is repeated until the predetermined constant period C has elapsed. When the predetermined fixed period C has elapsed (Yes in step S206), the process returns to the target current value I i acquisition process (step S201). The fixed period C is also set in advance, and the fixed period C (for example, 1 ms) is set shorter than the fixed period A and the fixed period B, but is not limited thereto. Further, the fixed period C can be changed.
　なお、上述で説明した図７および図８のフローチャートにおける各ステップは、簡単ため、ストリング６０ｉのみについて行われるように説明しているが、これらのステップは複数のストリング６０１、６０２、…６０ｎの全てについてそれぞれ行われる。 Note that each step in the flowcharts of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 described above is described as being performed only for the string 60 i for simplicity, but these steps are performed for a plurality of strings 60 1 , 60 2 ,. This is done for all 60 n .
　次に、具体的に４つのストリング６０１～６０４で構成され、ＤＣバス基準電圧値が５００Ｖ、定数ｋ１が「０．１」、定数ｋ２が「１」であり、割合決定部１０８よって放電割合が３：２：１：０と決定され、電力取得部１０１によって、電力値Ｐｂが１０ｋｗと、電力値Ｐａが４０ｋｗと取得された場合を例に、それぞれ算出されるＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖ１～Ｖ４および電流リミット値Ｉｌ１～Ｉｌ４について説明する。 Next, it is specifically composed of four strings 60 1 to 60 4 , the DC bus reference voltage value is 500 V, the constant k1 is “0.1”, and the constant k2 is “1”. The DC bus voltage target value V is calculated as an example when the ratio is determined to be 3: 2: 1: 0 and the power acquisition unit 101 acquires the power value Pb of 10 kW and the power value Pa of 40 kW. 1 to V 4 and current limit values Il 1 to Il 4 will be described.
　図９は、４つのストリング６０１～６０４ごとに取得された目標電流値Ｉ１～Ｉ４およびＤＣバス電圧現在値と、算出されたＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖ１～Ｖ４および電流リミット値Ｉｌ１～Ｉｌ４との一例を示す図である。 FIG. 9 shows target current values I 1 to I 4 and DC bus voltage current values acquired for each of the four strings 60 1 to 60 4 , calculated DC bus voltage target values V 1 to V 4, and current limit values. is a diagram illustrating an example of the Il 1 ~ Il 4.
　この場合、電力値Ｐｂが１０ｋｗ、電力値Ｐａが４０ｋｗであるので、全体電力算出部１０２は、全体電力値Ｐｓを３０ｋｗと算出することになる。また、ＤＣバス基準電圧値が５００Ｖ、全体電力値Ｐｓが３０ｋｗであるので、全体電流算出部１０３は、全体電流値Ｉを６０Ａと算出することになる。また、全体電流値Ｉが６０Ａ、放電割合が３：２：１：０であるので、目標電流算出部１０４は、各ストリング６０１～６０４の目標電流値Ｉ１～Ｉ４が３０Ａ、２０Ａ、１０Ａ、０Ａとそれぞれ算出することになる。 In this case, since the power value Pb is 10 kw and the power value Pa is 40 kw, the total power calculation unit 102 calculates the total power value Ps as 30 kw. Further, since the DC bus reference voltage value is 500V and the total power value Ps is 30 kW, the total current calculation unit 103 calculates the total current value I as 60A. Also, the entire current I is 60A, the discharge ratio is 3: 2: 1: 0, and thus the target current calculating unit 104, each of the strings 60 1 to 60 4 of the target current value I 1 ~ I 4 is 30A, 20A 10A and 0A are calculated respectively.
　次に、ＤＣバス基準電圧値が５００Ｖ、定数ｋ１が「０．１」、ストリング６０１の目標電流値Ｉ１は３０Ａであるので、ストリング６０１のＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部２０２１は、ＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖ１を５０３Ｖと算出することになる。同様に、ストリング６０２のＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部２０２２は、ＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖ２を５０２Ｖと算出することになる。ストリング６０３のＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部２０２３は、ＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖ３を５０１Ｖと算出することになる。ストリング６０４のＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部２０２４は、ＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖ４を５００Ｖと算出することになる。 Then, DC bus reference voltage value is 500V, constant k1 is "0.1", a target current value I 1 of the strings 60 1 because it is 30A, DC bus voltage desired value calculating unit 202 1 of the strings 60 1, DC becomes the bus voltage target value V 1 to be calculated and 503V. Similarly, the DC bus voltage target value calculation portion 202 2 of the strings 60 2 becomes the DC bus voltage target value V 2 to be calculated and 502V. DC bus voltage target value calculation portion 202 3 of the string 60 3, consisting of DC bus voltage target value V 3 to be calculated and 501V. DC bus voltage target value calculating section 202 fourth string 6O4 becomes a DC bus voltage target value V 4 to be calculated and 500V.
　ここで、さらに、ＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部２０４１～２０４４によって、ＤＣバス電圧現在値がそれぞれ４９８．７Ｖ、４９８．１Ｖ、４９８．４Ｖ、４９８．５Ｖと取得されたとする。ここ場合、ストリング６０１においては、目標電流値Ｉ１は３０Ａ、ＤＣバス電圧現在値が４９８．７Ｖであるので、電流リミット値算出部２０５１は、電流リミット値Ｉｌ１を３１．３Ａと算出することになる。同様に、ストリング６０２の電流リミット値算出部２０５２は、電流リミット値Ｉｌ２を２１．９Ａと算出することになる。ストリング６０３の電流リミット値算出部２０５３は、電流リミット値Ｉｌ３を１１．６Ａと算出することになる。ストリング６０４の電流リミット値算出部２０５４は、電流リミット値Ｉｌ４を０Ａと算出することになる。 Here, it is further assumed that the current DC bus voltage value is acquired as 498.7V, 498.1V, 498.4V, 498.5V by the DC bus voltage current value acquisition units 204 1 to 204 4 , respectively. In this case, since the target current value I 1 is 30 A and the DC bus voltage current value is 498.7 V in the string 60 1 , the current limit value calculation unit 205 1 calculates the current limit value Il 1 as 31.3 A. Will do. Similarly, the current limit value calculation unit 205 and second strings 60 2 becomes the current limit value Il 2 to be calculated with 21.9A. The current limit value calculation unit 205 3 of the string 60 3 calculates the current limit value Il 3 as 11.6A. String 60 4 current limit value calculation unit 205 4 will be calculated the current limit value Il 4 and 0A.
　以上のように、４つのストリング６０１～６０４のそれぞれに対する充電割合または放電割合に基づいて、４つのストリング６０１～６０４のそれぞれにおける充放電時の目標電流値Ｉ１～Ｉ４を決定し、この目標電流値Ｉ１～Ｉ４から４つのストリング６０１～６０４のそれぞれにおいてＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖ１～Ｖ４および電流リミット値Ｉｌ１～Ｉｌ４を算出している。このように、共通のＤＣバス基準電圧値（つまり、１つのＤＣバス基準電圧値）を用いてＤＣバス電圧制御を行うのではなく、複数のストリングごとに適時算出したＤＣバス電圧目標値を用いてＤＣバス電圧の制御を行うことにより、各ストリングにおける充放電を適切に分配することができるので、複数の蓄電池の充放電を効率よく制御することができる。また、ＤＣバス基準電圧値とＤＣバス電圧現在値との偏差に応じて電流リミット値を変えることでＤＣバス電圧の急激な変動を抑えることができる。 As described above, based on the charging rate or discharging rate for each of the four strings 60 1 to 60 4, determines a target current value I 1 ~ I 4 during charging and discharging in each of the four strings 60 1 to 60 4 Then, DC bus voltage target values V 1 to V 4 and current limit values Il 1 to Il 4 are calculated from the target current values I 1 to I 4 in each of the four strings 60 1 to 60 4 . Thus, instead of performing DC bus voltage control using a common DC bus reference voltage value (that is, one DC bus reference voltage value), a DC bus voltage target value calculated in a timely manner for each of a plurality of strings is used. By controlling the DC bus voltage, charge / discharge in each string can be appropriately distributed, so that charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries can be controlled efficiently. In addition, a rapid change in the DC bus voltage can be suppressed by changing the current limit value in accordance with the deviation between the DC bus reference voltage value and the DC bus voltage current value.
　なお、本実施の形態では、ストリング６０ｉのＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００ｉにおいてＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖｉおよび電流リミット値Ｉｌｉを算出する構成としているが、これに限られるものではない。例えば、充放電コントローラ１００においてストリング６０ｉに対するＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖｉおよび電流リミット値Ｉｌｉを算出し、ストリング６０ｉに通知するように構成しても構わない。 In the present embodiment, the DC bus voltage target value V i and the current limit value Il i are calculated in the DC / DC converter 200 i of the string 60 i . However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, to calculate the DC bus voltage target value V i and the current limit value Il i for the string 60 i in the charge and discharge controller 100, it may be configured to notify the string 60 i.
　また、本実施の形態では、充放電コントローラ１００において目標電流値Ｉｉを算出する構成としているが、これに限られるものではない。例えば、ストリング６０ｉのＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００ｉにおいて、充放電コントローラ１００から通知された全体電流値Ｉ、充電割合Ｒｃｉ、および放電割合Ｒｄｉに基づいて、目標電流値Ｉｉを算出するように構成しても構わない。さらに、例えば、ストリング６０ｉのＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００ｉにおいて、充放電コントローラ１００から通知された全体電力値Ｐｓ、充電割合Ｒｃｉ、および放電割合Ｒｄｉに基づいて、目標電流値Ｉｉを算出するように構成しても構わない。この場合、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００ｉは、全体電力値Ｐｓから全体電流値Ｉを算出し、算出した全体電流値Ｉと、充放電コントローラ１００から通知された充電割合Ｒｃｉおよび放電割合Ｒｄｉとに基づいて、目標電流値Ｉｉを算出することになる。 In the present embodiment, the charge / discharge controller 100 calculates the target current value I i . However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in the DC / DC converter 200 i of the string 60 i , the target current value I i is calculated based on the total current value I, the charge rate Rc i , and the discharge rate Rd i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100. You may comprise. Further, for example, in the DC / DC converter 200 i of the string 60 i , the target current value I i is calculated based on the total power value Ps, the charge rate Rc i , and the discharge rate Rd i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100. You may comprise so that it may do. In this case, the DC / DC converter 200 i calculates the total current value I from the total power value Ps, the calculated total current value I, and the charge ratio Rc i and discharge ratio Rd i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100. Based on this, the target current value I i is calculated.
　また、本実施の形態では、図４示すように充放電コントローラ１００を設ける構成としているが、これに限られるものではない。例えば、充放電コントローラ１００が有する図５に示すような構成要素をストリング６０ｉのＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００ｉ、およびＤＣ／ＡＣコンバータ４０等に分散して配置しても構わない。 Moreover, in this Embodiment, although it is set as the structure which provides the charging / discharging controller 100 as shown in FIG. 4, it is not restricted to this. For example, it may be arranged to distribute the components as shown in FIG. 5 having the charge and discharge controller 100 string 60 i of the DC / DC converter 200 i, and a DC / AC converter 40 and the like.
　また、本実施の形態では、ストリング６０ｉのＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００ｉにおいてＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖｉを算出する構成としているが、ＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖｉを算出しなくても構わない。この場合、下記式８～式９で示すように、目標電流、および、ＤＣバス基準電圧値とＤＣバス電圧現在値との偏差から、電流リミット値Ｉｌｄｉ（放電用）および電流リミット値Ｉｌｃｉ（充電用）をそれぞれ算出する。 In the present embodiment, the DC bus voltage target value V i is calculated in the DC / DC converter 200 i of the string 60 i . However, the DC bus voltage target value V i may not be calculated. In this case, the current limit value Ild i (for discharge) and the current limit value Ilc i are calculated from the deviation between the target current and the DC bus reference voltage value and the DC bus voltage current value, as shown in the following equations 8 to 9. Calculate (for charging).
　Ｉｎ＞０のとき、
　電流リミット値Ｉｌｄｉ（放電用）＝目標電流値Ｉｉ＋ｋ２×（ＤＣバス基準電圧値－ＤＣバス電圧現在値）…（式８）
　Ｉｎ＜０のとき、
　電流リミット値Ｉｌｃｉ（充電用）＝目標電流値Ｉｉ＋ｋ２×（ＤＣバス基準電圧値－ＤＣバス電圧現在値）…（式９） When I n > 0,
Current limit value Ild i (for discharge) = target current value I i + k2 × (DC bus reference voltage value−DC bus voltage current value) (Equation 8)
When I n <0,
Current limit value Ilc i (for charging) = target current value I i + k2 × (DC bus reference voltage value−DC bus voltage current value) (Equation 9)
　ここで、ｋ２は任意の固定値である。 Here, k2 is an arbitrary fixed value.
　そして、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００ｉは、電流リミット値Ｉｌｄｉ（放電用）以下、かつ電流リミット値Ｉｌｃｉ（充電用）以上の範囲で、ＤＣバス基準電圧値に近づくように制御する。 Then, DC / DC converter 200 i, the current limit value Ild i (for discharge) or less, and in a range equal to or more than the current limit value Ilc i (charging), and controlled so as to approach the DC bus reference voltage value.
　このように、電流リミット値のみを変更するだけで、ＤＣバス電圧目標値としてあらかじめ設定されている固定値であるＤＣバス基準電圧値を用いて、各ストリングにおける充放電を適切に分配することができるので、複数の蓄電池の充放電を効率よく制御することができる。 Thus, by changing only the current limit value, it is possible to appropriately distribute charge / discharge in each string using a DC bus reference voltage value which is a fixed value preset as a DC bus voltage target value. Since it can do, charging / discharging of a some storage battery can be controlled efficiently.
　（実施の形態２）
　実施の形態１では、各ストリングのＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータにおいてＤＣバス電圧目標値および電流リミット値を算出し、ＤＣバス電圧目標値および電流リミット値を用いてＤＣバス電圧の制御を行っているのに対して、本実施の形態２では、目標電流を補正し、補正した目標電流を用いてＤＣバス電圧の制御を行っている。ここで、本実施の形態２における充放電制御装置および蓄電システムの概略構成は図４に示す実施の形態１と同様である。なお、本実施の形態２におけるＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３００は、図４に示すＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００を置き換えたものである。 (Embodiment 2)
In the first embodiment, the DC bus voltage target value and the current limit value are calculated in the DC / DC converter of each string, and the DC bus voltage is controlled using the DC bus voltage target value and the current limit value. In contrast, in the second embodiment, the target current is corrected, and the DC bus voltage is controlled using the corrected target current. Here, the schematic configurations of the charge / discharge control device and the power storage system in the second embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG. The DC / DC converter 300 according to the second embodiment is obtained by replacing the DC / DC converter 200 shown in FIG.
　図１０は、本発明の実施の形態２における充放電コントローラおよびＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの構成を示すブロック図である。なお、実施の形態１と同様の構成については、同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。また、本実施の形態２でも、充放電制御装置の機能は、充放電コントローラ１００および複数のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３００１、３００２、…３００ｎによって実現されている。 FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing configurations of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In addition, about the structure similar to Embodiment 1, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted. Further, also in the second embodiment, the function of the charge-discharge control device, charge and discharge controller 100 and a plurality of DC / DC converter 300 1, 300 2, it is implemented by ... 300 n.
　充放電コントローラ１００は、図５で示す実施の形態１と同様である。なお、図１０では、説明の簡単のため、複数のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３００１、３００２、…３００ｎのうちのＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３００ｉのみについて図示している。なお、「ｉ」は、１～ｎの任意の自然数である。 The charge / discharge controller 100 is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In FIG. 10, for simplicity of explanation, it is shown only for the DC / DC converter 300 i of the plurality of DC / DC converter 300 1, 300 2, ... 300 n. “I” is an arbitrary natural number from 1 to n.
　一方、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３００ｉは、図１０に示すように目標電流取得部２０１ｉ、ＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部２０４ｉ、目標電流補正部３０１ｉ、および定電流制御部３０２ｉを備えている。 On the other hand, the DC / DC converter 300 i includes a target current acquisition unit 201 i , a DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i , a target current correction unit 301 i , and a constant current control unit 302 i as shown in FIG. Yes.
　目標電流補正部３０１ｉは、ストリング６０ｉにおける目標電流値Ｉｉを、ＤＣバス基準電圧値、およびＤＣバス電圧現在値に基づいて下記式１０で示すように補正し、補正目標電流値Ｉｉ’算出する。 Target current correcting unit 301 i the string 60 the target current value I i at i, corrected as shown by the following formula 10 based on the DC bus reference voltage, and the DC bus voltage current value, the corrected target current value I i 'calculate.
　補正目標電流値Ｉｉ’＝目標電流値Ｉｉ＋ｋ２×（ＤＣバス基準電圧値－ＤＣバス電圧現在値）…（式１０） Correction target current value I i ′ = target current value I i + k2 × (DC bus reference voltage value−DC bus voltage current value) (Equation 10)
　ここで、ｋ２は任意の固定値である。 Here, k2 is an arbitrary fixed value.
　定電流制御部３０２は、補正目標電流値Ｉｉ’に基づいた電流を流すことによって、ＤＣバス電圧を制御する。 The constant current control unit 302 controls the DC bus voltage by flowing a current based on the corrected target current value I i ′.
　次に、上記のように構成されたＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３００ｉの動作について説明する。図１１は、本発明の実施の形態２におけるＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの動作の流れを示すフローチャートである。なお、充放電コントローラ１００の動作については、実施の形態１と同様である。 Next, the operation of the DC / DC converter 300 i configured as described above will be described. FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The operation of charge / discharge controller 100 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
　目標電流取得部２０１ｉは、充放電コントローラ１００から通知される目標電流値Ｉｉを取得する（ステップＳ２０１）。ＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部２０４は、ＤＣバス５０の現在の電圧値であるＤＣバス電圧現在値を取得する（ステップＳ２０２）。 The target current acquisition unit 201 i acquires the target current value I i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100 (step S201). The DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 acquires a DC bus voltage current value that is a current voltage value of the DC bus 50 (step S202).
　目標電流補正部３０１ｉは、ストリング６０ｉにおける目標電流値Ｉｉを、ＤＣバス基準電圧値、およびＤＣバス電圧現在値に基づいて上記のように補正し、補正目標電流値Ｉｉ’算出する（ステップＳ３０１）。定電流制御部３０２ｉは、補正目標電流値Ｉｉ’に基づいた電流を流すことによって、ＤＣバス電圧を制御する（ステップＳ３０２）。 Target current correcting unit 301 i is a target current value I i of the string 60 i, DC bus reference voltage, and DC based bus voltage on the current value is corrected as described above, the corrected target current value I i 'is calculated (Step S301). The constant current control unit 302 i controls the DC bus voltage by flowing a current based on the corrected target current value I i ′ (step S302).
　以上のように、ストリング６０ｉに対する充電割合Ｒｃｉまたは放電割合Ｒｄｉに基づいて、ストリング６０ｉにおけるそれぞれの充放電時の目標電流値Ｉｉを決定し、この目標電流値Ｉｉを補正している。このように、補正した補正目標電流値Ｉｉ’を用いてＤＣバス電圧の制御を行うことにより、各ストリングにおける充放電を適切に分配することができるので、複数の蓄電池の充放電を効率よく制御することができる。 As described above, based on the charging rate Rc i or discharge rate Rd i for string 60 i, determines a target current value I i at each charge and discharge in the string 60 i, and correcting the target current value I i ing. Thus, by controlling the DC bus voltage using the corrected corrected target current value I i ′, charging / discharging in each string can be appropriately distributed, so charging / discharging of a plurality of storage batteries can be performed efficiently. Can be controlled.
　（実施の形態３）
　本実施の形態３では、実施の形態１と同様にＤＣバス電圧目標値および電流リミット値を用いてＤＣバス電圧の制御を行っている際に、目標電流が取得できなくなった場合の制御が実施の形態１と相違する。ここで、本実施の形態３における充放電制御装置および蓄電システムの概略構成は図４に示す実施の形態１と同様である。なお、本実施の形態３におけるＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ４００は、図４に示すＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００を置き換えたものである。 (Embodiment 3)
In the third embodiment, when the DC bus voltage is controlled using the DC bus voltage target value and the current limit value as in the first embodiment, the control when the target current cannot be acquired is performed. This is different from the first embodiment. Here, the schematic configurations of the charge / discharge control device and the power storage system in the third embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG. The DC / DC converter 400 in the third embodiment is obtained by replacing the DC / DC converter 200 shown in FIG.
　図１２は、本発明の実施の形態３における充放電コントローラおよびＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの構成を示すブロック図である。なお、実施の形態１と同様の構成については、同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。また、本実施の形態３でも、充放電制御装置の機能は、充放電コントローラ１００および複数のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ４００１、４００２、…４００ｎによって実現されている。 FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing configurations of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In addition, about the structure similar to Embodiment 1, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted. Also in the third embodiment, the function of the charge / discharge control device is realized by the charge / discharge controller 100 and the plurality of DC / DC converters 400 1 , 400 2 ,... 400 n .
　充放電コントローラ１００は、図５で示す実施の形態１と同様である。なお、図１２では、説明の簡単のため、複数のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ４００１、４００２、…４００ｎのうちのＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ４００ｉのみについて図示している。なお、「ｉ」は、１～ｎの任意の自然数である。 The charge / discharge controller 100 is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In FIG. 12, for simplicity of explanation, it is shown only for the DC / DC converter 400 i of the plurality of DC / DC converter 400 1, 400 2, ... 400 n. “I” is an arbitrary natural number from 1 to n.
　一方、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ４００ｉは、図１２に示すように目標電流取得部４０１ｉ、ＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部２０２ｉ、ＤＣバス電圧制御部２０３ｉ、ＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部２０４ｉ、電流リミット値算出部４０２ｉ、および電池残存容量取得部４０３ｉを備えている。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 12, the DC / DC converter 400 i includes a target current acquisition unit 401 i , a DC bus voltage target value calculation unit 202 i , a DC bus voltage control unit 203 i , and a DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i. , A current limit value calculation unit 402 i , and a battery remaining capacity acquisition unit 403 i .
　目標電流取得部４０１ｉは、充放電コントローラ１００から通知される目標電流値Ｉｉを取得する。また、目標電流取得部４０１ｉは、目標電流値Ｉｉを取得できなくなった場合に、電流リミット値算出部４０２ｉおよび電池残存容量取得部４０３ｉに通知する。 The target current acquisition unit 401 i acquires the target current value I i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100. Further, the target current acquisition unit 401 i notifies the current limit value calculation unit 402 i and the battery remaining capacity acquisition unit 403 i when the target current value I i cannot be acquired.
　電池残存容量取得部４０３ｉは、当該ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ４００ｉが備える電池（電池パック３２ｉ、３３ｉ、…３４ｉ）の電池残存容量（ＳＯＣ：Ｓｔａｔｅ　ｏｆ　Ｃｈａｒｇｅ）を取得し、電流リミット値算出部４０２ｉに通知する。 The battery remaining capacity acquisition unit 403 i acquires the battery remaining capacity (SOC: State of Charge) of the batteries (battery packs 32 i , 33 i ,... 34 i ) included in the DC / DC converter 400 i , and the current limit value Notify the calculation unit 402 i .
　電流リミット値算出部４０２ｉは、ストリング６０ｉにおける充放電時の電流リミット値Ｉｌｉを、目標電流値Ｉｉ、ＤＣバス基準電圧値、およびＤＣバス電圧現在値に基づいて実施の形態１と同様に算出する。また、電流リミット値算出部４０２ｉは、目標電流値Ｉｉが取得できていない場合、図１３に示すようにあらかじめ設定されている電池残存容量の目標値と、電池残存容量取得部４０３ｉによって取得された現在の電池残存容量とから電流リミット値Ｉｌｉ’を算出する。 The current limit value calculation unit 402 i uses the current limit value Il i at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i as the first embodiment based on the target current value I i , the DC bus reference voltage value, and the DC bus voltage current value. Calculate in the same way. Further, when the target current value I i cannot be acquired, the current limit value calculation unit 402 i uses a preset target battery remaining capacity value and a remaining battery capacity acquisition unit 403 i as shown in FIG. A current limit value Il i ′ is calculated from the acquired current remaining battery capacity.
　次に、上記のように構成されたＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの動作について説明する。図１４は、本発明の実施の形態３におけるＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの動作の流れを示すフローチャートである。 Next, the operation of the DC / DC converter configured as described above will be described. FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
　目標電流取得部２０１ｉは、充放電コントローラ１００から通知される目標電流値Ｉｉを取得する（ステップＳ２０１）。ＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部２０４ｉは、ＤＣバス５０の現在の電圧値であるＤＣバス電圧現在値を取得する（ステップＳ２０２）。目標電流取得部２０１ｉは、目標電流値Ｉｉが取得できているか否かを判定する（ステップＳ４０１）。ここで、目標電流値Ｉｉが取得できている場合（ステップＳ４０１でＹｅｓ）、実施の形態と同様に、ＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部２０２ｉは、ストリング６０ｉにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖｉを、ＤＣバス基準電圧値および目標電流値Ｉｉに基づいて上記のように算出する（ステップＳ２０３）。電流リミット値算出部２０５ｉは、ストリング６０ｉにおける充放電時の電流リミット値Ｉｌｉを、目標電流値Ｉｉ、ＤＣバス基準電圧値、およびＤＣバス電圧現在値に基づいて上記のように算出する（ステップＳ２０４）。ＤＣバス電圧制御部２０３ｉは、ストリング６０ｉにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧を、ＤＣバス電圧目標値Ｖｉ、ＤＣバス電圧現在値、および電流リミット値Ｉｌｉに基づいて制御する（ステップＳ２０５）。定周期Ｃが経過したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ２０６）。所定の定周期Ｃが経過していない場合（ステップＳ２０６でＮｏ）には所定の定周期Ｃが経過するまで、判定を繰り返す。そして、所定の定周期Ｃが経過した場合（ステップＳ２０６でＹｅｓ）、目標電流値Ｉｉの取得処理（ステップＳ２０１）に戻る。 The target current acquisition unit 201 i acquires the target current value I i notified from the charge / discharge controller 100 (step S201). The DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i acquires a DC bus voltage current value that is a current voltage value of the DC bus 50 (step S202). The target current acquisition unit 201 i determines whether or not the target current value I i has been acquired (step S401). Here, when the target current value I i can be obtained (Yes in step S401), the DC bus voltage target value calculation unit 202 i is configured to charge the DC bus voltage at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i as in the embodiment. The target value V i is calculated as described above based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the target current value I i (step S203). The current limit value calculation unit 205 i calculates the current limit value Il i during charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the target current value I i , the DC bus reference voltage value, and the DC bus voltage current value as described above. (Step S204). The DC bus voltage control unit 203 i controls the DC bus voltage at the time of charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the DC bus voltage target value V i , the DC bus voltage current value, and the current limit value Il i (step S205). ). It is determined whether or not the fixed period C has elapsed (step S206). If the predetermined constant period C has not elapsed (No in step S206), the determination is repeated until the predetermined constant period C has elapsed. When the predetermined fixed period C has elapsed (Yes in step S206), the process returns to the target current value I i acquisition process (step S201).
　一方、目標電流値Ｉｉが取得できていない場合（ステップＳ４０１でＮｏ）、電流リミット値算出部４０２ｉは、あらかじめ設定されている電池残存容量の目標値と、電池残存容量取得部４０３ｉによって取得された現在の電池残存容量とから電流リミット値Ｉｌｉ’を算出する。例えば、電池残存容量取得部４０３ｉは、現在の電池残存容量が電池残存容量の目標値より大きい場合、既に算出されている電流リミット値Ｉｌｉを上げ、現在の電池残存容量が電池残存容量の目標値より小さい場合、当該電流リミット値Ｉｌｉを下げるように電流リミット値Ｉｌｉ’を算出する（ステップＳ４０２）。ＤＣバス電圧制御部２０３ｉは、ストリング６０ｉにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧を、ＤＣバス基準電圧値、ＤＣバス電圧現在値、および電流リミット値Ｉｌｉ’に基づいて制御する（ステップＳ４０３）。次に、上記同様に定周期Ｃが経過したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ２０６）。所定の定周期Ｃが経過していない場合（ステップＳ２０６でＮｏ）には所定の定周期Ｃが経過するまで、判定を繰り返す。そして、所定の定周期Ｃが経過した場合（ステップＳ２０６でＹｅｓ）、目標電流値Ｉｉの取得処理（ステップＳ２０１）に戻る。 On the other hand, when the target current value I i cannot be acquired (No in step S401), the current limit value calculation unit 402 i uses the preset target value of the battery remaining capacity and the battery remaining capacity acquisition unit 403 i . A current limit value Il i ′ is calculated from the acquired current remaining battery capacity. For example, if the current battery remaining capacity is greater than the target value of the battery remaining capacity, the battery remaining capacity acquisition unit 403 i increases the current limit value Il i that has already been calculated, and the current battery remaining capacity is If less than the target value, and calculates the current limit value Il i 'to decrease the current limit value Il i (step S402). The DC bus voltage control unit 203 i controls the DC bus voltage during charging / discharging in the string 60 i based on the DC bus reference voltage value, the DC bus voltage current value, and the current limit value Il i ′ (step S403). . Next, similarly to the above, it is determined whether or not the fixed period C has passed (step S206). If the predetermined constant period C has not elapsed (No in step S206), the determination is repeated until the predetermined constant period C has elapsed. When the predetermined fixed period C has elapsed (Yes in step S206), the process returns to the target current value I i acquisition process (step S201).
　このようにすることにより、目標電流が取得できなくなった場合であっても、電流リミット値を変更することができる。よって、ＤＣバス基準電圧値および電流リミット値を用いて、複数の蓄電池の充放電を効率よく制御することができる。 By doing this, the current limit value can be changed even when the target current cannot be acquired. Therefore, charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries can be efficiently controlled using the DC bus reference voltage value and the current limit value.
　なお、本実施の形態３では、実施の形態１と同様にＤＣバス電圧目標値および電流リミット値を用いてＤＣバス電圧の制御を行っていることを前提としているが、これに限られるものではない。例えば、ＤＣバス電圧目標値を用いず、電池残存容量の目標値と現在の電池残存容量とから算出した電流リミット値およびＤＣバス基準電圧値だけを用いて、ＤＣバス電圧の制御を行っても構わない。これにより、簡単に複数の蓄電池の充放電を効率よく制御することができる。 In the third embodiment, as in the first embodiment, it is assumed that the DC bus voltage is controlled using the DC bus voltage target value and the current limit value. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Absent. For example, the DC bus voltage may be controlled using only the current limit value calculated from the target value of the battery remaining capacity and the current battery remaining capacity and the DC bus reference voltage value without using the DC bus voltage target value. I do not care. Thereby, charging / discharging of a some storage battery can be controlled efficiently easily.
　（実施の形態４）
　本実施の形態４では、実施の形態１と同様にＤＣバス電圧目標値および電流リミット値を用いてＤＣバス電圧の制御を行っている際に、急激にＤＣバス電圧現在値が変化した場合の制御が実施の形態１と相違する。ここで、本実施の形態４における充放電制御装置および蓄電システムの概略構成は図４で示す実施の形態１と同様である。なお、本実施の形態４におけるＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ５００は、図４に示すＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２００を置き換えたものである。 (Embodiment 4)
In the fourth embodiment, when the DC bus voltage is controlled using the DC bus voltage target value and the current limit value as in the first embodiment, the current value of the DC bus voltage changes suddenly. The control is different from that of the first embodiment. Here, schematic configurations of the charge / discharge control device and the power storage system in the fourth embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG. The DC / DC converter 500 in the fourth embodiment is obtained by replacing the DC / DC converter 200 shown in FIG.
　図１５は、本発明の実施の形態４における充放電コントローラおよびＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの構成を示すブロック図である。なお、実施の形態１と同様の構成については、同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。また、本実施の形態４でも、充放電制御装置の機能は、充放電コントローラ１００およびＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ５００１、５００２、…５００ｎによって実現されている。 FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing configurations of the charge / discharge controller and the DC / DC converter according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In addition, about the structure similar to Embodiment 1, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted. Also in the fourth embodiment, the function of the charge / discharge control device is realized by the charge / discharge controller 100 and the DC / DC converters 500 1 , 500 2 ,... 500 n .
　充放電コントローラ１００は、図５に示す実施の形態１と同様である。なお、図１５では、説明の簡単のため、複数のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ５００１、５００２、…５００ｎのうちのＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ５００ｉのみについて図示している。なお、「ｉ」は、１～ｎの任意の自然数である。 The charge / discharge controller 100 is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In FIG. 15, for simplicity of explanation, it is shown only for the DC / DC converter 500 i of the plurality of DC / DC converter 500 1, 500 2, ... 500 n. “I” is an arbitrary natural number from 1 to n.
　一方、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ５００ｉは、図１５に示すように目標電流取得部２０１ｉ、ＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部２０２ｉ、ＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部２０４ｉ、電流リミット値算出部２０５ｉ、方向切替判断部５０１ｉ、およびＤＣバス電圧制御部５０２ｉを備えている。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 15, the DC / DC converter 500 i includes a target current acquisition unit 201 i , a DC bus voltage target value calculation unit 202 i , a DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 204 i , and a current limit value calculation unit 205 i. , A direction switching determination unit 501 i and a DC bus voltage control unit 502 i .
　方向切替判断部５０１ｉは、ＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部２０４ｉによって取得されたＤＣバス電圧現在値が、図１６に示すようなあらかじめ設定された充電切替目標値を超えたときに、放電から充電方向へ切り替えるようにＤＣバス電圧制御部２０３ｉに指示する。また、方向切替判断部５０１ｉは、ＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部２０４ｉによって取得されたＤＣバス電圧現在値があらかじめ設定された放電切替目標値を下回ったときに、充電から放電方向へ切り替えるようにＤＣバス電圧制御部２０３ｉに指示する。 Direction switching determination unit 501 i, when the DC bus voltage current value acquired by the DC bus voltage current value acquiring unit 204 i has exceeded the preset charge switching target value as shown in FIG. 16, from the discharge Instructs the DC bus voltage controller 203 i to switch to the charging direction. The direction switching determination unit 501 i switches from charging to discharging direction when the DC bus voltage current value acquired by the DC bus voltage current value acquiring unit 204 i falls below a preset discharge switching target value. To the DC bus voltage control unit 203 i .
　ここで、充電切替目標値および放電切替目標値は、下記式１１～１２で示すように算出する。 Here, the charge switching target value and the discharge switching target value are calculated as shown in the following equations 11-12.
　充電切替目標値＝ＤＣバス電圧基準値＋α　…（式１１）
　放電切替目標値＝ＤＣバス電圧基準値－β　…（式１２） Charge switching target value = DC bus voltage reference value + α (Expression 11)
Discharge switching target value = DC bus voltage reference value−β (Expression 12)
　ＤＣバス電圧制御部５０２ｉは、ＤＣバス電圧目標値ＶｉとＤＣバス電圧現在値との偏差に比例した電流を流すことによって、ＤＣバス電圧を制御する。また、ＤＣバス電圧制御部５０２ｉは、方向切替判断部５０１ｉから放電から充電方向へ、または充電から放電方向へ切り替えるように指示があった場合、流す電流の方向を切り替える。 The DC bus voltage control unit 502 i controls the DC bus voltage by flowing a current proportional to the deviation between the DC bus voltage target value V i and the current DC bus voltage value. Further, the DC bus voltage control unit 502 i switches the direction of the flowing current when instructed by the direction switching determination unit 501 i to switch from discharging to charging or from charging to discharging.
　このように充電切替目標値および放電切替目標値を設けて充放電方向を切り替えることによって、急に負荷がかかる機器が動作して急激にＤＣバス電圧現在値が変化した場合にも対応して、複数の蓄電池の充放電を効率よく制御することができる。 In this way, by setting the charge switching target value and the discharge switching target value and switching the charge / discharge direction, it corresponds to the case where the device that is suddenly loaded operates and the DC bus voltage current value suddenly changes, Charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries can be controlled efficiently.
　なお、各実施の形態を通して、図４に示す充放電制御装置および蓄電システムの概略構成を用いて説明し、ストリング６０は、複数の電池パックを直列に接続する構成としているが、これに限られるものではない。例えば、図１７に示すストリング７０のように複数の電池パックを直列に接続した上で並列に接続する構成としても構わないし、ストリング８０のように複数の電池パックを並列に接続する構成としても構わない。 In addition, through each embodiment, it demonstrates using the schematic structure of the charging / discharging control apparatus and electrical storage system shown in FIG. 4, and although the string 60 is set as the structure which connects a some battery pack in series, it is restricted to this. It is not a thing. For example, a configuration may be adopted in which a plurality of battery packs are connected in series as in a string 70 shown in FIG. 17 and connected in parallel, or a configuration in which a plurality of battery packs are connected in parallel as in a string 80 may be adopted. Absent.
　本発明は、複数の蓄電池の充放電を効率よく制御することができ、充放電制御装置および蓄電システム等に用いるのに有用である。 The present invention can efficiently control charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries, and is useful for use in a charge / discharge control device, a power storage system, and the like.
　１０　　ＰＶ
　２０　　ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ（ＤＣ／ＤＣ）
　３２、３３、３４　電池パック
　４０　　ＤＣ／ＡＣコンバータ（ＤＣ／ＡＣ）
　５０　　ＤＣバス
　６０ｉ　　ストリング
　１００　充放電コントローラ
　１０１　電力取得部
　１０２　全体電力算出部
　１０３　全体電流算出部
　１０４　目標電流算出部
　１０５　目標電流設定部
　１０６　電池情報取得部
　１０７　電池状態算出部
　１０８　割合決定部
　２００ｉ、３００ｉ、４００ｉ、５００ｉ　ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ（ＤＣ／ＤＣ）
　２０１ｉ　目標電流取得部
　２０２ｉ　ＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部
　２０３ｉ、５０２ｉ　ＤＣバス電圧制御部
　２０４ｉ　ＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部
　２０５ｉ、４０２ｉ　電流リミット値算出部
　２１０ｉ　ＰＩＤ制御部
　２１１ｉ　電流リミット制御部
　２１２ｉ　ＰＷＭ
　２１３ｉ　パワーモジュール
　３０１ｉ　目標電流補正部
　３０２ｉ　定電流制御部
　４０３ｉ　電池残存容量取得部
　５０１ｉ　方向切替判断部 10 PV
20 DC / DC converter (DC / DC)
32, 33, 34 Battery pack 40 DC / AC converter (DC / AC)
50 DC bus 60 i string 100 charge / discharge controller 101 power acquisition unit 102 total power calculation unit 103 total current calculation unit 104 target current calculation unit 105 target current setting unit 106 battery information acquisition unit 107 battery state calculation unit 108 ratio determination unit 200 i , 300 i , 400 i , 500 i DC / DC converter (DC / DC)
201 i target current acquisition unit 202 i DC bus voltage target value calculation unit 203 i , 502 i DC bus voltage control unit 204 i DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit 205 i , 402 i current limit value calculation unit 210 i PID control unit 211 i current limit controller 212 i PWM
213 i power module 301 i target current correction unit 302 i constant current control unit 403 i battery remaining capacity acquisition unit 501 i direction switching determination unit

Claims (11)

  1. 　ＤＣバスに接続される複数の蓄電池の充放電を制御する充放電制御装置であって、
    　前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの制御目標値を、当該蓄電池への充電の分配割合を示す充電割合または当該蓄電池からの放電の分配割合を示す放電割合に基づいて適時変更する目標値変更部と、
    　前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの充放電を、適時変更された前記制御目標値に基づいて制御する制御部と
    　を備える充放電制御装置。     A charge / discharge control apparatus for controlling charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries connected to a DC bus,
    A target value changing unit that changes each control target value of the plurality of storage batteries in a timely manner based on a charge ratio indicating a distribution ratio of charge to the storage battery or a discharge ratio indicating a distribution ratio of discharge from the storage battery;
    A control part which controls each charge and discharge of a plurality of above-mentioned storage batteries based on the control target value changed timely.
  2. 　前記目標値変更部は、
    　ＤＣバスに入力される入力電力値およびＤＣバスから出力される出力電力値を取得する電力取得部と、
    　必要とされる全体電力値を前記入力電力値および前記出力電力値に基づいて算出する全体電力算出部と、
    　全体電流値をあらかじめ設定されるＤＣバス基準電圧値および前記全体電力値に基づいて算出する全体電流算出部と、
    　前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの充放電時の目標電流値を、前記全体電流値から当該蓄電池の前記充電割合または前記放電割合に基づいて算出する目標電流算出部と、
    　前記制御目標値を前記目標電流値に基づいて適時変更する変更部とを備える
    　請求項１記載の充放電制御装置。     The target value changing unit
    A power acquisition unit for acquiring an input power value input to the DC bus and an output power value output from the DC bus;
    A total power calculation unit that calculates a required total power value based on the input power value and the output power value;
    An overall current calculation unit for calculating an overall current value based on a preset DC bus reference voltage value and the overall power value;
    A target current calculation unit that calculates a target current value at the time of charging and discharging of each of the plurality of storage batteries based on the charge rate or the discharge rate of the storage battery from the overall current value;
    The charge / discharge control apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a changing unit that changes the control target value in a timely manner based on the target current value.
  3. 　前記制御目標値は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時の電流リミット値であり、
    　前記充放電制御装置は、さらに、
    　ＤＣバスの現在の電圧値であるＤＣバス電圧現在値を取得するＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部を備え、
    　前記目標値変更部は、さらに、
    　前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける電流リミット値を、前記ＤＣバス基準電圧値、前記目標電流値、および前記ＤＣバス電圧現在値に基づいて算出し、算出した前記電流リミット値で現在の電流リミット値を変更する電流リミット値算出部を備え、
    　前記制御部は、適時変更された前記電流リミット値を用いて前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電を制御する
    　請求項２記載の充放電制御装置。     The control target value is a current limit value during charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries,
    The charge / discharge control device further includes:
    A DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit for acquiring a DC bus voltage current value which is a current voltage value of the DC bus;
    The target value changing unit further includes:
    A current limit value in each of the plurality of storage batteries is calculated based on the DC bus reference voltage value, the target current value, and the DC bus voltage current value, and the current limit value is calculated based on the calculated current limit value. It has a current limit value calculator to change,
    The charge / discharge control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the control unit controls charge / discharge in each of the plurality of storage batteries using the current limit value changed in a timely manner.
  4. 　前記電流リミット値算出部は、前記電流リミット値として前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充電用電流リミット値および放電用電流リミット値を算出し、
    　前記制御部は、前記充電用電流リミット値以上前記放電用電流リミット値以下の範囲で前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電を制御する
    　請求項３記載の充放電制御装置。     The current limit value calculating unit calculates a current limit value for charging and a current limit value for discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries as the current limit value,
    The charge / discharge control apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the control unit controls charge / discharge in each of the plurality of storage batteries within a range of the charge current limit value to the discharge current limit value.
  5. 　前記制御目標値は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧目標値であり、
    　前記目標値変更部は、さらに、
    　前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧目標値を、前記ＤＣバス基準電圧値および前記目標電流値に基づいて算出し、算出した前記ＤＣバス電圧目標値で現在のＤＣバス電圧目標値を変更するＤＣバス電圧目標値算出部を備え、
    　前記制御部は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時のＤＣバス電圧を、適時変更された前記ＤＣバス電圧目標値に基づいて制御することにより、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電を制御する
    　請求項２記載の充放電制御装置。     The control target value is a DC bus voltage target value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries,
    The target value changing unit further includes:
    A DC bus voltage target value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries is calculated based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the target current value, and the current DC bus voltage target is calculated based on the calculated DC bus voltage target value. A DC bus voltage target value calculator for changing the value;
    The control unit controls charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries by controlling the DC bus voltage at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries based on the DC bus voltage target value changed in a timely manner. The charge / discharge control device according to claim 2.
  6. 　前記充放電制御装置は、さらに、
    　ＤＣバスの現在の電圧値であるＤＣバス電圧現在値を取得するＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部を備え、
    　前記制御部は、放電時に前記ＤＣバス電圧現在値があらかじめ設定された充電切替目標値以上になった場合に、放電から充電に切り替え、充電時に前記ＤＣバス電圧現在値があらかじめ設定された放電切替目標値以下になった場合に、充電から放電に切り替るように前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電を制御する
    　請求項５記載の充放電制御装置。     The charge / discharge control device further includes:
    A DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit for acquiring a DC bus voltage current value which is a current voltage value of the DC bus;
    The control unit switches from discharging to charging when the DC bus voltage current value is equal to or higher than a preset charge switching target value at the time of discharging, and discharging switching at which the DC bus voltage current value is set at the time of charging. The charge / discharge control device according to claim 5, wherein charge / discharge of each of the plurality of storage batteries is controlled so as to switch from charge to discharge when the target value is not more than a target value.
  7. 　前記制御目標値は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時の前記目標電流値であり、
    　前記目標値変更部は、さらに、
    　ＤＣバスの現在の電圧値であるＤＣバス電圧現在値を取得するＤＣバス電圧現在値取得部と、
    　前記目標電流値を、前記ＤＣバス基準電圧値および前記ＤＣバス電圧現在値に基づいて補正する目標電流補正部とを備え、
    　前記制御部は、補正された前記目標電流値を用いて前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電を制御する
    　請求項２記載の充放電制御装置。     The control target value is the target current value at the time of charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries,
    The target value changing unit further includes:
    A DC bus voltage current value acquisition unit for acquiring a DC bus voltage current value which is a current voltage value of the DC bus;
    A target current correction unit that corrects the target current value based on the DC bus reference voltage value and the DC bus voltage current value;
    The charge / discharge control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the control unit controls charge / discharge in each of the plurality of storage batteries using the corrected target current value.
  8. 　前記制御目標値は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電時の電流リミット値であり、
    　前記目標値変更部は、
    　前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの現在の電池残存容量を取得する残存容量取得部と、
    　取得された前記電池残存容量およびあらかじめ設定される電池残存容量の目標値に基づいて前記電流リミット値を算出し、算出した前記電流リミット値で現在の電流リミット値を変更する電流リミット値算出部とを備え、
    　前記制御部は、適時変更された前記電流リミット値を用いて前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれにおける充放電を制御する
    　請求項１記載の充放電制御装置。     The control target value is a current limit value during charging / discharging in each of the plurality of storage batteries,
    The target value changing unit
    A remaining capacity acquisition unit for acquiring a current battery remaining capacity of each of the plurality of storage batteries;
    A current limit value calculating unit that calculates the current limit value based on the acquired battery remaining capacity and a preset target value of the battery remaining capacity, and changes the current current limit value with the calculated current limit value; With
    The charge / discharge control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls charge / discharge in each of the plurality of storage batteries using the current limit value changed in a timely manner.
  9. 　前記制御部は、前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれに備えられ、当該蓄電池における充放電を前記制御目標値に基づいて制御する
    　請求項１記載の充放電制御装置。     The charge / discharge control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is provided in each of the plurality of storage batteries and controls charge / discharge of the storage batteries based on the control target value.
  10. 　請求項１～請求項９のいずれか１項に記載の充放電制御装置と、
    　複数の蓄電池と
    　を備える蓄電システム。     The charge / discharge control device according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
    A power storage system comprising a plurality of storage batteries.
  11. 　ＤＣバスに接続される複数の蓄電池の充放電を制御する充放電制御方法であって、
    　前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの制御目標値を、当該蓄電池への充電の分配割合を示す充電割合または当該蓄電池からの放電の分配割合を示す放電割合に基づいて適時変更し、
    　前記複数の蓄電池のそれぞれの充放電を、適時変更された前記制御目標値に基づいて制御する
    　充放電制御方法。     A charge / discharge control method for controlling charge / discharge of a plurality of storage batteries connected to a DC bus,
    Each control target value of the plurality of storage batteries is changed in a timely manner based on a charge ratio indicating a distribution ratio of charge to the storage battery or a discharge ratio indicating a distribution ratio of discharge from the storage battery,
    A charge / discharge control method for controlling charge / discharge of each of the plurality of storage batteries based on the control target value changed in a timely manner.
PCT/JP2013/001930 2012-03-26 2013-03-21 Charging/discharging control apparatus, power storage system, and charging/discharging control method WO2013145658A1 (en)

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