WO2012036129A1

WO2012036129A1 - Three-dimensionally moldable lattice structure

Info

Publication number: WO2012036129A1
Application number: PCT/JP2011/070747
Authority: WO
Inventors: 鈴木　茂樹; 建梅何; 雄一鄭; 伸雄佐々木
Original assignee: 株式会社ネクスト２１; 国立大学法人東京大学; 学校法人工学院大学
Priority date: 2010-09-15
Filing date: 2011-09-12
Publication date: 2012-03-22
Also published as: JP5942066B2; JPWO2012036129A1

Abstract

[Problem] The objective of the present invention is to provide a flexible and highly stretchable lattice. Also, the objective of the present invention is to provide a lattice that, by adjusting the modulus of elasticity by means of the structure of the material thereof, can be caused to conform to the modulus of elasticity of a material to be composited. [Solution] The lattice structure (100) includes: a plurality of lattice bridges (10) that curve or bend in an S-shape; and a plurality of lattice points at which the ends of three lattice bridges (10) from among the plurality of lattice bridges (10) are joined. Also, the plurality of lattice bridges (10) and the plurality of lattice points (20) demarcate a plurality of lattice openings (30). Here, each of the lattice openings (30) is demarcated by means of being enclosed by six lattice bridges (10) and six lattice points (20) among the plurality of lattice bridges (10) and the plurality of lattice points (20). As a result, the lattice structure (100) is flexible and has high stretchability.

Description

Three-dimensional formable lattice structure

The present invention relates to a lattice structure that can be molded in a three-dimensional direction. The present invention also relates to a lattice structure having a highly extensible structure and capable of adapting an elastic modulus to a composite material.

Conventionally, for example, a lattice called a mesh has been used in order to improve physical strength while reducing the weight of an article or to maintain air permeability and liquid permeability. Conventional grids are manufactured, for example, by braiding metal wires so as to cross each other or by punching and forming circular or polygonal holes in a metal plate by punching.

In addition, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-291173 (Patent Document 1) discloses a lattice having a network structure formed of a biocompatible material in order to reinforce a skull, a jawbone, or a bone defect. This publication discloses a lattice in which four curved lattice bridges are connected at one lattice point, and one opening is defined by the four lattice bridges and the four lattice points.

However, in the lattice as disclosed in Patent Document 1, since the shape of the opening is formed in a substantially square shape, it expands and contracts only in the vertical and horizontal two-dimensional directions. Therefore, the conventional lattice is poor in stretchability and bending properties, and for example, cannot be sufficiently effective as a lattice structure for biocompatibility.

On the other hand, there are cases where two materials such as a metal material and a carbon fiber are used in combination. Carbon fiber is light and has excellent mechanical properties (high specific strength, high specific modulus) and excellent properties derived from carbon (conductivity, heat resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, chemical stability, self-lubricating property In recent years, it has been widely used for various purposes.

However, when a composite material of such a metal material and carbon fiber is subjected to tension or impact, the elastic modulus of the two materials is greatly different, causing separation between the two materials and breaking. There was a problem.

Also, for example, in order to reinforce the skull, jawbone, or bone defect, it is necessary to apply a metal plate to the bone reinforcement. In such a case, if the elastic modulus of the metal plate and the cortical bone are different, the stress on the bone causes an inflammatory reaction, causing bone resorption, loss, and damage to the bone.

JP 10-291173 A

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a lattice structure having high stretchability and bending properties.

Also, the above-mentioned problems related to composite materials are caused by the difference in elastic modulus of each composite material. Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, it is necessary to make the elastic modulus of one material to be combined coincide with the elastic modulus of another material. However, since the elastic modulus of a material depends on the material properties of the material, it is not possible to match the elastic modulus by changing the elastic modulus of the material itself.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to match the elastic modulus of the composite material by adjusting the elastic modulus according to the structure of the material. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a highly stretchable lattice that can be adapted to the elastic modulus of a composite material.

Basically, the present invention can provide a lattice structure that is highly flexible and can be molded in a three-dimensional direction by devising the shape of the lattice opening defined by the lattice bridge and lattice points. It is based on the knowledge that. The lattice structure according to the present invention includes a flat plate shape, a cylindrical shape, and a spherical shape.

The lattice structure 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of lattice bridges 10 that are curved or refracted in an S shape and a plurality of lattice bridges 10 that connect end portions of three lattice bridges 10 among the plurality of lattice bridges 10. Grid point 20. The plurality of lattice bridges 10 and the plurality of lattice points 20 define a plurality of lattice openings 30. At this time, each of the lattice openings 30 is defined by being surrounded by the six lattice bridges 10 and the six lattice points 20 among the plurality of lattice bridges 10 and the plurality of lattice points 20.

That is, the present invention is a lattice structure based on a hexagon, and a mesh pattern is formed by connecting the basic hexagons without gaps, and each side of the hexagon is curved or refracted into an S shape. It will be.

Each of the lattice openings 30 thus defined includes one main opening 32 and six subordinate openings 34. Each of the six subordinate openings 34 is defined so as to extend from the main opening 32.

By having such a configuration, the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention can be expanded and contracted not only in the vertical and horizontal directions but also in an oblique direction. Thus, since the lattice structure 100 has high stretchability, the shape of the structure can be deformed in a three-dimensional direction. In addition, the lattice structure can easily change its elastic modulus by adjusting the width of the lattice bridge 10 and the bending rate of the lattice bridge 10. Therefore, even when the lattice structure 100 is composited with other materials, the elastic moduli of the materials can be matched. Further, by applying the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention to a composite material, it is possible to provide a structure that does not easily peel even when stress or impact is applied.

In the preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the six subordinate openings 34 are preferably defined so as to extend radially from the main openings 32 in the same direction.

Also, the six lattice points 20 surrounding the lattice opening 30 are preferably located at the vertices of a regular hexagon formed by connecting the lattice points 20. By having such a configuration, the lattice structure 100 can be expanded and contracted evenly even when it is pulled or compressed from any of the diagonal directions of the hexagon formed by connecting the lattice points 20. can do. Therefore, the lattice structure 100 has the same elastic modulus for the three diagonal directions in the hexagon.

Thus, since the lattice structure 100 forms a hexagon by connecting the six lattice points 20 surrounding the lattice opening 30, it can be said to be an application of a so-called honeycomb structure. Such a lattice structure having a honeycomb structure based on a hexagon has a higher degree of freedom in the expansion and contraction direction because the number of polygonal diagonal lines forming the lattice is larger than that of a lattice structure based on a quadrangle. Therefore, the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention can be deformed more flexibly than a lattice based on a quadrangle. In addition, the lattice based on the quadrangle is different in stretchability and elastic modulus depending on the direction in which it is pulled. However, the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention can be stretched or stretched from any direction. The elastic modulus can be made uniform.

On the other hand, since the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention can be expanded and contracted in the three-dimensional direction, it has a uniform stress against impacts from all directions. Therefore, the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention can uniformly distribute the applied impact and pressure.

Further, the lattice structure 100 is defined by six straight lattice bridges 10 and six lattice points 20 when the lattice bridge 10 curved in an S shape is a straight lattice bridge 10 that is not curved. It is preferable that the lattice opening 30 forms a regular hexagon.

In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the distance between the lattice points 20 connected via the lattice bridge 10 curved in an S shape is a straight line that does not curve the lattice bridge 10 curved in an S shape. It is preferable that the length of the straight lattice bridge 10 is ½ or less of the length of the lattice lattice bridge 10. That is, it is preferable that the distance between the lattice points 20 connected via the lattice bridge 10 curved in an S shape is extended more than twice by pulling the lattice bridge 10 into a straight line. In order to extend the S-shaped lattice bridge 10 more than twice as described above, the bending rate of the S-shaped lattice bridge 10, the length of the bridge portion of the lattice bridge 10, the thickness of the lattice bridge 10 is increased. You can adjust.

In the preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the lattice bridge 10 is a spring alloy material or a shape memory alloy, and preferably contains a Ti—Ni (titanium nickel) alloy. Since Ti—Ni alloy is a material with excellent spring characteristics, it is easier to match the elastic modulus with the material combined with the lattice bridge 10 by using the Ti—Ni alloy as the material of the lattice bridge 10. It becomes. The lattice bridge 10 may be made of pure titanium or titanium.

Further, the lattice structure 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention may have a flat plate shape. The flat lattice structure can be used as a medical plate, for example, to reinforce the skull, jawbone, or bone defect. When the present invention is used as a medical plate, it is preferable to adapt the elastic modulus and bone elastic modulus of the lattice structure. With respect to the flat lattice structure, it is possible to impart bending characteristics of the flat plate and elasticity of the vertical thickness by forming irregularities at each lattice point or bending the lattice bridge in the vertical direction.

Moreover, the lattice structure 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention may be cylindrical. The cylindrical lattice structure 100 is used for a medical stent, for example. A stent is a medical device for expanding a tubular portion of a human body such as a blood vessel, trachea, esophagus, duodenum, large intestine, and biliary tract from inside a lumen. The stent can be manufactured by laser-cutting a cylinder to which the lattice structure 100 is applied, or by forming the lattice structure 100 of the present invention by knitting a wire. The cylindrical lattice structure can be used for an artificial tooth root of a dental implant. By making the elastic modulus of the artificial root and the alveolar bone closer, the stress concentration of the alveolar bone can be reduced, and the root can be prevented from loosening and detaching from the alveolar bone.

Also, the lattice structure 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention may be formed in a cylindrical shape, and the structure may have a ring shape forming a ring. The lattice structure 100 formed in a cylindrical ring shape can be used, for example, as a structure of a vehicle tire or a structure of an anti-skid device attached to the tire.

The lattice structure 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention may be spherical. Since the lattice structure 100 of the present invention can be expanded and contracted in a three-dimensional direction and has high bending characteristics, it can also have a spherical shape. The lattice structure 100 of the present invention, the hexagonal polygon for which the basic, it is possible to form the positive 12 side pairs or truncated icosahedron structure (so-called C ₆₀ fullerene structure).

Furthermore, the lattice structure 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention can be used by being stacked on a plurality of layers.
The second aspect of the present invention relates to a multi-layer lattice structure 200 in which a plurality of lattice structures 100 are stacked. An example of the multi-layer lattice structure 200 is a multi-layer lattice structure 200 formed by stacking two flat lattice structures 100. Thus, the strength of the structure itself can be increased by overlapping the lattice structure 100 in a plurality of layers.

Also, a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention relates to a multi-layer lattice structure 200 in which the lattice structure 100 is stacked with a plurality of layers shifted by a predetermined angle or a predetermined direction. Shifting the lattice structure 100 in a predetermined angle or in a predetermined direction means that the lattice structure 100 is not stacked on a plurality of layers and the lattice pattern inherent to each lattice structure 100 is not reproduced. This means that a lattice pattern that is not originally a lattice pattern of each lattice structure 100 is exposed when observed in a planar manner.

As described above, by shifting the plurality of lattice structures 100 included in the multi-layer lattice structure 200 to a predetermined angle or a predetermined direction to display unique lattice patterns, the structure corresponding to each of the displayed lattice patterns is improved. The characteristics of can be demonstrated.

For example, when the lattice structure 100 is overlapped in two layers, the two-layer lattice structure 100 is overlapped to form a multi-layer lattice structure 200 in which an anisotropic lattice pattern appears. Accordingly, it is preferable that the tensile stress when the multi-layer lattice structure 200 is pulled in a certain specific direction and the tensile stress when pulled in another specific direction are different.

As described above, when the multi-layer lattice structure 200 displays the lattice pattern having anisotropy, it is possible to provide a lattice having different stresses in the tensile direction. Therefore, for example, even when two or more materials having different elastic moduli are mixed, by applying the multi-layer lattice structure 200 having anisotropy, the elastic moduli are matched with each material. It is possible.

In another embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the multi-layer lattice structure is formed on the first lattice and the first lattice so as to overlap each other at a predetermined angle or in a predetermined direction. A first lattice and a second lattice having the same pattern, and a lattice having an anisotropy by superimposing the second lattice and the first lattice. Thus, the tensile stress when pulled in a specific direction may be different from the tensile stress when pulled in another specific direction. Further, the first grating and the second grating may be the grating structure 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention.

The third aspect of the present invention relates to a multi-layer three-dimensional lattice structure 300 in which a plurality of lattice structures are three-dimensionally joined.
The multi-layer three-dimensional lattice structure 300 includes at least two lattice structures 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention. That is, the multilayer lattice structure 300 includes at least a first lattice structure 100a and a second lattice structure 100b.
The first lattice structure 100a and the second lattice structure 100b are joined at at least one lattice point (20a, 20b). Any one or more of the lattice bridges (10a, 10b) whose ends are connected to the joined lattice points (20a, 20b) are erected in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the lattice structure.

By having such a configuration, the multi-layer lattice structure 300 can obtain arbitrary elasticity and strength not only in the planar direction of the lattice structure but also in the three-dimensional direction of the lattice structure. Therefore, according to the third aspect of the present invention, for example, other materials can be combined in the three-dimensional direction of the metal multi-layer lattice structure 300. That is, the multi-layer lattice structure 300 can be designed so as to obtain arbitrary elasticity and strength in the three-dimensional direction of the lattice structure, so that the elastic moduli of the composite materials can be matched. Therefore, according to the third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional structure in which the composite material is less likely to be peeled off even when stress or impact is applied.

Further, the multi-layer three-dimensional lattice structure 300 preferably includes at least three lattice structures 100. That is, the multi-layer lattice structure 300 includes at least a first lattice structure 100a, a second lattice structure 100b, and a third lattice structure 100c.
Here, the second lattice structure 100b is located between the first lattice structure 100a and the third lattice structure 100c.
At least, the lattice points 20b ₁ located at one end portion of the lattice bridges 10b with second grating structure 100b is joined to the lattice point 20a of the first grating structure 100a.
At least, the lattice point 20b ₂ located at the other end portion of the lattice bridges 10b with second grating structure 100b is joined to the lattice point 20c of the third grating structure 100c.
At least the lattice bridge 10b with the second lattice structure 100b preferably rises in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the second lattice structure 100b.

Also, any one or more of the lattice bridges 10a whose ends are connected to the lattice points 20a to which the first lattice structure 100a is joined rises in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first lattice structure 100a. In addition, any one or more of the lattice bridges 10c whose ends are connected to the lattice points 20c joined to the third lattice structure 100c are in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the third lattice structure 100c. It is preferable that it is upright.

Thus, in the third aspect of the present invention, the second lattice structure 100b is positioned between the first lattice structure 100a and the third lattice structure 100c, and the second lattice structure 100b. It is preferable to design the first and

second lattice structures

100a and 100c so that the lattice bridge 10b is raised. In particular, the lattice bridge 10b of the second lattice structure 100b is connected to the lattice bridge of the first lattice structure 100 and the third lattice structure 100c connected via the joined lattice points. It is preferable that the lattice bridge 10c also rises in the three-dimensional direction.
Thus, the multi-layered three-dimensional lattice structure 300 includes three or more lattice structures, thereby further improving the elasticity and strength in the three-dimensional direction.
The multi-layer three-dimensional lattice structure 300 may include four or more lattice structures 100.

The lattice structure according to the first aspect of the present invention may be one in which the lattice bridge 10 is refracted into an S shape. For example, the lattice bridge 10 is refracted at two points: an inner refraction point 17 projecting at an acute angle toward the inside of a certain lattice opening 30 and an outer refraction point 18 projecting at an acute angle toward the outside of the certain opening 30. It may be what you did. In this case, the lattice opening 30 includes six hexagonal main openings 32 and six subordinates having a certain rotational direction extending from one end of each side of the main opening 32 to an extension line of each side. A slack opening 34 is defined. The “constant rotational directionality” means, for example, that each of the six subordinate openings 34 formed linearly is regularly 60 degrees compared to the adjacent subordinate openings 34. Means tilted.

In the above configuration, the lattice opening 30 is basically formed by the hexagonal main opening 32 and the six subordinate openings 34 linearly extending with a certain rotational direction from each vertex of the recording angle. It has a relatively simple shape. For this reason, the lattice structure having the above-described configuration can be easily manufactured by punching a plurality of through holes having the same shape as the lattice openings 30 on a plate-like base. In general, the punching process is extremely productive, but the shape of the through hole to be drilled is limited. In this respect, since the structure having the above-described structure can be manufactured by punching, it has the advantage that it is extremely productive and can be realized at low cost.

The lattice bridge 10 of the lattice structure according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a first inner refraction point 17a and a second inner refraction point 17b that project at an obtuse angle toward the inside of a certain lattice opening 30, and The light may be refracted at four points, ie, a first outer refraction point 18a and a second outer refraction point 18b that project at an obtuse angle toward the outside of a certain lattice opening 30. In this case, the lattice opening 30 is on a dodecagonal main opening 32 in which an acute angle and an obtuse angle continue alternately, and an extension line of one side that forms the acute angle end from each acute angle end of the main opening 30. Six secondary openings 34 are defined having an extended constant rotational direction.

In the above configuration, the lattice opening 30 is basically formed by the hexagonal star-shaped main opening 32 and the six subordinate openings 34 linearly extending from each vertex of the hexagonal star with a certain rotational direction. This is also a relatively simple shape. For this reason, the lattice structure having the above-described structure can be manufactured at a low cost with high productivity by punching. Further, the lattice structure having the above structure has a lattice bridge 10 formed in an S-shape having four refraction points and stretches relatively flexibly, and thus has high stretchability and bending characteristics and is highly biocompatible.

In the lattice structure according to the present invention, a lattice opening defined by lattice bridges and lattice points is a shape based on a hexagonal polygon. By having such a new lattice opening shape, the lattice structure according to the present invention can be expanded and contracted in a three-dimensional direction and has high elasticity. In addition, the present invention can provide a lattice structure capable of adapting an elastic modulus to a composite material.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the shape of a lattice structure according to the first aspect of the present invention. FIG. 1A is an enlarged view of a part of the diagram shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the shape of the lattice structure according to the first aspect of the present invention. FIG. 2A is an enlarged view of a part of the diagram shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the shape of the lattice structure according to the first aspect of the present invention. FIG. 3A is an enlarged view of a part of the diagram shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the shape of the lattice structure according to the first aspect of the present invention. FIG. 4A is an enlarged view of a part of the diagram shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the shape of the lattice structure according to the first aspect of the present invention. FIG. 5A is an enlarged view of a part of the diagram shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the shape of the lattice structure according to the first aspect of the present invention. FIG. 6A is an enlarged view of a part of the diagram shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an example of the design process of the lattice structure. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an example of use of the lattice structure according to the present invention. FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an operation example of the lattice structure according to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an operation example of the lattice structure according to the present invention. FIG. 10A shows a lattice structure 100 having a ratchet structure. FIG. 10B shows a tool for rolling the lattice structure 100 having a ratchet structure. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a cylindrical lattice structure. The cylindrical lattice structure is applied to, for example, a stent. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a lattice structure having a spherical shape. FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration of a multi-layer lattice structure according to the second aspect of the present invention. 14 (a) to 14 (b) are diagrams showing lattice patterns of a multi-layer lattice structure according to the second aspect of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a side view showing an example of a multi-layer three-dimensional lattice structure. FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing an example of a multi-layer three-dimensional lattice structure. FIG. 17 is a plan view for explaining a lattice structure included in the multi-layer three-dimensional lattice structure. FIG. 18 is a schematic perspective view for explaining a state for forming a multi-layer three-dimensional lattice structure by superimposing a plurality of lattice structures. FIG. 19 shows an example of a punching processing model of the lattice structure of the present invention. FIG. 20 shows an example of a punching processing model of the lattice structure of the present invention. FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining pieces extracted from the lattice structure according to the present invention. FIG. 22 is a photograph showing an example in which the lattice structure according to the present invention is applied to a living body (particularly a human bone). FIG. 23 is a photograph showing an applied example of the lattice structure according to the present invention and the lattice structure for alveolar bone formation. FIG. 24 is a photograph showing an example in which two lattice structures according to the present invention are pressed and connected using rivets.

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and includes modifications appropriately made within the scope obvious to those skilled in the art.

(1 lattice)
1 to 6 are views showing the shape of the lattice structure 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention. FIGS. 1A to 6A are enlarged views of parts of the diagrams shown in FIGS. 1B to 6B, respectively. FIGS. 1 to 3 show a lattice in which the S-shaped lattice bridge 10 is relatively small, and FIGS. 4 to 6 show a lattice in which the S-shaped lattice bridge 10 is relatively large. 1 and FIG. 4 show a relatively thin grid with an S-shaped lattice bridge 10, and FIGS. 2 and 5 show a grid with a thicker S-shaped grid bridge 10 than in FIGS. 1 and 4. 3 and 6 show a lattice in which the thickness of the S-shaped lattice bridge 10 is larger than that in FIGS. 2 and 5. In this way, by changing the shape, thickness, and thickness of the lattice bridge 10, it is possible to adjust the stretch rate and the elastic modulus when the lattice structure 100 is pulled. Hereinafter, the shape of the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention will be described mainly with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the lattice structure 100 includes a plurality of lattice bridges 10 and a plurality of lattice points 20, and a plurality of lattice openings 30 are defined by the plurality of lattice bridges 10 and the plurality of lattice points 20. Yes. That is, the lattice structure 100 includes a plurality of lattice bridges 10 that are curved in an S shape and a plurality of lattice points 20 that connect the ends of the three lattice bridges 10 among the plurality of lattice bridges 10. The plurality of lattice bridges 10 and the plurality of lattice points 20 define a plurality of lattice openings 30. Each of the lattice openings 30 is defined by being surrounded by six lattice bridges 10 and six lattice points 20 among the plurality of lattice bridges 10 and the plurality of lattice points 20. Note that the lattice opening 30 here does not physically exist, and a plurality of lattice bridges 10 and a plurality of lattice points 20 are provided by providing a plurality of lattice bridges 10 and a plurality of lattice points 20. It is an opening part formed between. The number of the lattice bridges 10, the lattice points 20, and the lattice openings 30 defined by the lattice bridges 10 and the lattice points 20 may be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the size of the lattice structure 100. However, since the number of lattice bridges 10, lattice points 20, and lattice openings 30 are dependent on each other, if the number of certain elements is determined, the number of other elements is inevitably determined. .

Here, one unit based on a hexagon forming the lattice structure 100 is referred to as a unit lattice for convenience of explanation. That is, the unit cell is defined by six lattice bridges 10 that are curved in an S-shape and six lattice points 20 that connect the ends of the lattice bridges 10. The unit cell is surrounded by the six lattice bridges 10 and the six lattice points 20, thereby defining one lattice opening 30. A lattice structure 100 is formed by continuously connecting a plurality of such unit lattices. The unit cells are connected to each other via the lattice bridge 10 and the lattice points 20. That is, a certain lattice bridge 10 plays a role of connecting two unit lattices. A certain lattice point 20 plays a role of connecting three unit lattices. Thus, each lattice bridge 10 and the lattice point 20 play the role which connects several unit lattices, and unit lattices are connected continuously.

(1-1 Lattice bridge)
As shown in FIG. 1, the lattice bridge 10 is curved in an S shape. That is, the lattice bridge 10 includes an outer curved portion 12 that is curved outward (R1) from the center of the lattice opening 30, and an inner curved portion 14 that is curved inward (R2) toward the center of the lattice opening 30. And a substantially straight bridge portion 16 connecting the outer curved portion 12 and the inner curved portion 14. The lattice bridge 10 is formed in an S shape by alternately connecting the outer curved portion 12 and the inner curved portion 14 via the bridge portion 16. Thus, the lattice bridge 10 curved in an S shape expands and contracts when the lattice structure 100 is compressed or pulled.

The lattice bridge 10 may be curved in an S shape so as to have anisotropy. For example, by increasing the curvature rate of one bridge portion 16 and decreasing the curvature rate of the other bridge portion 16 of the two bridge portions 16 that define one subordinate opening 34, the lattice bridge 10 is Anisotropy can be provided. That is, when the curvature rates of the two bridge portions 16 that define one subordinate opening 34 are different, the lengths of the two bridge portions 16 are also different.

The thickness of the lattice bridge 10 may be appropriately designed according to the application to which the lattice structure 100 is applied. Further, the thickness in the direction perpendicular to the 10 planes of the grid bridge may be appropriately designed according to the application to which the grid is applied. For example, by changing the thickness and thickness of the lattice bridge 10, the stretchability and elastic modulus of the lattice structure 100 can be freely adjusted. For example, with respect to the thickness of the lattice bridge 10, the lattice shown in FIG. 2 is thicker than the lattice shown in FIG. Further, the lattice shown in FIG. 3 is thicker than the lattice shown in FIG. The thickness of the lattice bridge 10 may be, for example, 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm when the flat lattice structure 100 is used for fixing bone fragments or bridging a bone defect portion. It may be 5 mm to 0.7 mm, or 0.6 mm. Further, the thickness of the lattice bridge 10 may be made thicker when, for example, the flat lattice structure 100 is laminated on clothing and used as protective clothing. However, as the thickness of the lattice bridge 10, a thickness that is so thick as to contact the adjacent lattice bridge 10 cannot be adopted. The thickness of the lattice bridge 10 may be, for example, 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm when the lattice structure 100 is used for fixing bone fragments or bridging a bone defect portion, or 0.2 mm to 0.2 mm. It may be 4 mm or 0.3 mm.

Further, the length of the lattice bridge 10, particularly the length of the bridge portion 16 of the lattice bridge 10 may be appropriately designed according to the application to which the lattice structure 100 is applied. For example, regarding the length of the bridge portion 16, the lattice shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 is longer than the lattice shown in FIGS. Thus, the maximum extension distance when the lattice structure 100 is pulled can be adjusted by changing the length of the lattice bridge 10, particularly the length of the bridge portion 16. In particular, it is preferable that the length of the bridge portion 16 be extended more than twice when the lattice structure 100 is pulled. However, the length of the bridge portion 16 cannot be selected to be long enough to contact the adjacent lattice bridge.

It is preferable that the curvature of the outer music part 12 and the inner music part 14 is substantially the same. This curvature depends on the distance between the lattice points 20 connected via the lattice bridge 10 and the length of the bridge portion 16. That is, the closer the distance between the lattice points 20 connected via the lattice bridge 10 is, the larger the curvature becomes. Moreover, this curvature becomes large, so that the length of the bridge part 16 is long. Accordingly, the curvatures of the outer curved portion 12 and the inner curved portion 14 are determined so as to match the distance between the lattice points 20 connected via the lattice bridge 10 and the length of the bridge portion 16. do it.

Also, the six S-shaped lattice bridges 10 included in the unit lattice are preferably hexagonal when the lattice structure 100 is pulled into a linear lattice bridge. In particular, the hexagon is preferably a regular hexagon. Thus, the lattice structure 100 is pulled with a certain force or more in the diagonal direction of the hexagon formed by connecting the lattice points 20, that is, in the directions of D 1, D 2, and D 3 shown in FIG. Then, the bending load of the outer curved portion 12 and the inner curved portion 14 of the lattice bridge 10 is released, and the lattice bridge 10 becomes linear.

(1-2 grid points)
The grid bridges 10 having the above-described configuration are connected via grid points 20. More specifically, a certain lattice point 20 connects one end of three lattice bridges 10 adjacent to each other among the plurality of lattice bridges 10. The other end of the lattice bridge 10 is connected to the end of another lattice bridge 10 at another lattice point 20.

The unit lattice includes six lattice points 20 among the plurality of lattice points 20 forming the lattice structure 100. A hexagon is formed by connecting six lattice points 20 defining a unit lattice. This hexagon is a regular hexagon. And the lattice point 20 is located at the vertex of a regular hexagon. The length of one side of the hexagon, that is, the distance between two lattice points 20 connected by a certain lattice bridge 10 can be appropriately designed according to the application to which the lattice structure 100 is applied. For example, when the lattice structure 100 is used for fixing a bone fragment or bridging a bone defect portion, it may be 10 mm to 100 mm, 20 mm to 80 mm, or 30 mm to 60 mm. Good. Further, for example, when the lattice structure 100 is laminated on clothes and used as protective clothing, it may be 10 mm to 50 mm, 20 mm to 40 mm, or 30 mm. .

The hexagon formed in this way has diagonal lines that run in the directions of D1, D2, and D3. When the lattice structure 100 is pulled in the direction in which the diagonal line travels, the two lattice bridges 10 positioned on the hexagonal sides parallel to the diagonal line extend.

(1-3 lattice opening)
The plurality of lattice bridges 10 and the plurality of lattice points 20 having the above configuration define a plurality of lattice openings 30. Each of the lattice openings 30 is defined by being surrounded by six lattice bridges 10 and six lattice points 20 among the plurality of lattice bridges 10 and the plurality of lattice points 20. That is, six lattice bridges 10 are formed so as to connect the lattice points 20 located at the vertices of the hexagon, and the lattice openings 30 whose entire circumference is closed by the six lattice points 20 and the six lattice bridges 10. Is defined.

As shown in FIG. 1, the lattice opening 30 is defined so as to include one main opening 32 and six subordinate openings 34. The secondary openings 34 are defined so as to extend radially from the center of the main openings 32. The subordinate opening 34 is defined because the lattice bridge 10 is curved in an S shape, and the lattice bridge 10 is mainly curved outward (R1) from the main opening 32. It is defined by including an outer curved portion. Such secondary openings 34 preferably extend radially from the center of the main opening 32 in the same direction. Specifically, it is preferable that each of the subordinate openings 34 extend at an interval of 60 degrees as viewed from the center point of the main opening 32.

(1-4 materials)
The lattice structure 100 having the above configuration can be manufactured using a known material. The lattice structure 100 is preferably formed of a metal material. That is, it is preferable that the plurality of lattice bridges 10 and the plurality of lattice points 20 forming the lattice structure 100 are formed of a metal material. In particular, it is preferably formed of a Ti—Ni alloy. Since the Ti—Ni alloy has excellent spring characteristics, the stretchability of the lattice structure 100 can be improved. Therefore, it is easy to adjust the elastic modulus to which the lattice structure 100 is applied. The lattice structure 100 may be formed of a shape memory alloy. Examples of shape memory alloys are Ni—Ti (Ni 55%) alloy, CO—Ni—Al alloy, and Fe—Mn—Si alloy. It may be formed. In addition, when used as a medical absorbent mesh, a bioabsorbable material (polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaptolactone, or a combination thereof) is suitable, and the bioabsorbable material is a calcium phosphate artificial bone. It can also be used in combination with materials.

Furthermore, examples of the metal forming the lattice structure 100 include pure iron, extra mild steel, brass, copper, lead, aluminum, nickel, monel, titanium, and inconel. Examples of the alloy forming the lattice structure 100 include steel (Fe—C), Krupp steel, chromium molybdenum steel (Fe—Cr—Mo), manganese molybdenum steel (Fe—Mn—Mo), Yasugi steel, Stainless steel (Fe-Ni-Cr), maraging steel, 42 alloy (Fe-42Ni), red copper, silver (Cu-27Zn-18Ni), bronze (Cu-Ni), bronze (Cu-Au), duralumin ( Al-Cu), nichrome, and sun platinum. In particular, as a titanium alloy forming the lattice structure 100, an α alloy (SSAT-525, SSAT-811, SSAT-6242, etc.), an α-β alloy (SSAT-325, SSAT-64, SSAT-662, etc.), β alloy (SSAT-1023, SSAT-3864, SSAT-153) may be mentioned.

(1-5 Manufacturing method)
With reference to FIG. 7, an example of the design process of the lattice shape of the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a lattice design process according to the present invention. In this example, the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention is designed in the order of FIGS. 7 (a), (b), (c), (d), (f), and (g). That is, first, as shown in FIG. 7A, a regular hexagon in which a circle with a diameter D is inscribed is defined. The size of the lattice structure 100, in particular, the size of the unit lattice depends on the diameter D of the circle. The diameter D may be adjusted as appropriate according to the use of the material to which the lattice structure 100 is applied. Next, as shown in FIG. 7B, the basic shape of the lattice bridge 10 curved in an S shape is designed based on the regular hexagon defined. At this time, the basic shape of the lattice bridge 10 is set so that the center of the S-shape is located at the center of one side of the regular hexagon and both ends of the S-shape are located at the two corners of the regular hexagon sandwiching the one side. design. By changing the curvature of the S-shaped basic shape, the length of the lattice bridge 10 changes, so that the flexibility and maximum extension length of the lattice structure 100 can be adjusted. Next, as shown in FIG. 7C, the line width of the S-shaped basic shape is adjusted based on the designed S-shaped basic shape. Since the line width of the S-shaped basic shape corresponds to the thickness of the lattice bridge 10, the flexibility and strength of the lattice structure 100 can be adjusted by changing the line width of the S-shaped basic shape. Can do. Next, as shown in FIG. 7D, the S-shaped basic shape having a constant line width is inclined at different angles by 60 degrees so as to be positioned on each side of the regular hexagon. Form a degree pattern. Then, as shown in FIG. 7E, the basic shape of the lattice opening 30 is extracted based on the formed 360 degree pattern. That is, the basic shape of the lattice opening 30 is extracted by connecting the S-shaped contacts located in the innermost part of the formed 360-degree pattern. Next, as shown in FIG. 7F, a basic pattern of the unit cell is formed by providing a line width to the basic shape of the extracted lattice opening 30. The basic pattern of the unit cell formed in this way is rotationally symmetrical at intervals of 60 degrees. At this time, the line width of the basic pattern of the unit cell is half the line width of the S-shaped basic shape adjusted in the step (c). Finally, as shown in FIG. 7G, the lattice structure 100 is designed by combining a plurality of unit cell basic patterns having a half line width.

Thus, by designing, the line width, length, and bending rate of the lattice bridge 10 can be arbitrarily designed, thereby determining the shape of the unit lattice. If the shape of the unit cell is determined, the mesh pattern of the lattice structure 100 can be designed by connecting a plurality of unit cells.

Also, the lattice structure 100 designed according to the above example can be manufactured by a known method. For example, the lattice structure 100 may be manufactured by pouring molten material into a mold having a designed lattice structure. Alternatively, the lattice structure 100 may be manufactured by subjecting a desired material to wire cutting or laser cutting. Alternatively, the lattice structure 100 may be manufactured by punching a desired material with a through hole having the same shape as the lattice opening (30). The plurality of lattice bridges 10 and the plurality of lattice points 20 included in the lattice structure 100 are preferably integrally formed.

Also, the lattice structure 100 can be expanded by joining a plurality of lattice structures. In particular, by pressing the plurality of lattice structures 100 using rivets (especially blind rivets), the area of the lattice can be expanded while maintaining the mechanical characteristics such as shape followability and elasticity.

(2-1 Usage example)
FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an example of use of the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention. Another component 50 can be attached to the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention using the lattice opening 30. In FIG. 8, nuts 40 are fitted into the lattice openings 30. The nut 40 is a blind nut, and is preferably a hexagonal nut. The nut 40 is formed with a screw hole at the center thereof, and can be screwed with a component 50 having a thread that matches the nut. In this way, the lattice structure 100 can be used as a support member for the other component 50 by fixing the nut 40 to the lattice opening 30 by pressure bonding.

In particular, when the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention is applied as a lattice structure for alveolar bone formation, it can be used for implant treatment by attaching a nut 40 to the lattice opening 30. That is, an artificial tooth (superstructure) 50 can be screwed and fixed to the nut 40 fitted in the lattice opening 30. In general, in implant treatment, an artificial dental root is embedded in the alveolar bone, and the alveolar bone grows around the artificial dental root during a stable period (healing period). As a result, the implanted artificial dental root eventually becomes the alveolar bone. It will be firmly fixed to. Then, an abutment portion called an abutment is connected to the artificial tooth root, and a new crown is mounted on the abutment. In the past, this stable period required a period during which the artificial dental root was firmly fixed to the alveolar bone, and usually a period of about 3 to 6 months was required. However, when the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention is used for implant treatment, the stability of the artificial tooth root and the artificial tooth 50 is increased, so that the dental implant can be fixed without waiting for bone growth.

(2-2 Operation example 1)
Next, a first operation example of the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 9, a hole 22 is formed at the center of the lattice point 20 in the lattice structure 100. The shape of the hole 22 may be formed in a triangular shape as shown in FIG. 14, or may be formed in a polygonal shape such as a quadrilateral, pentagon, hexagon, or star. A dedicated driver suitable for the shape of the hole 22 is inserted into the hole 22. This driver is preferably one that is simultaneously inserted into the six holes 22 of the unit lattice. And the driver inserted in each hole 22 is rotated in the arrow direction shown in FIG. In this way, the unit cell is expanded by rotating the drivers inserted into the six holes 22. That is, when the driver inserted into the hole 22 is rotated, each of the lattice bridges 10 curved in an S-shape is pulled so as to rotate, and the curvature of the lattice bridge 10 is reduced. When the curvature of the lattice bridge 10 is reduced, the lattice bridge 10 that is curved in an S-shape is nearly linear, so that the unit lattice is expanded as a whole.

The lattice structure 100 that performs such an operation can be applied to an artificial bone, for example. That is, since the lattice structure 100 including the lattice holes 22 can gradually expand the unit lattice by the above-described operation of the driver, it can be adapted to the growth of the human bone without performing an operation for replacing the artificial bone. The artificial bone can be expanded.

(2-3 Operation example 2)
Next, a second operation example of the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 10A, a saddle-shaped pawl portion 15 projecting inward of the lattice opening 30 is formed on the inner curved portion 14 of the lattice bridge 10 in the lattice structure 100. . The pawls 15 are formed in each of the inner curved portions 14 of the lattice bridge 10 and limit the rotation direction of the driver 60 inserted through the lattice opening 30. As shown in FIG. 10B, a gear 62 is formed on a part of the middle pillar of the driver 60. When the driver 60 is inserted through the lattice opening 30, the gear 62 of the driver 60 and the pawl 15 of the lattice structure 100 are engaged. The gear 62 only needs to have a shape that engages with the pawl 15, and may be, for example, a hexagon or a windmill having a hexagonal protrusion. In this way, the gear 62 of the driver 60 and the pawl 15 of the lattice structure 100 form a so-called ratchet mechanism. The gear 62 of the driver 60 is restricted from rotating in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. Thus, since the structure does not reversely rotate due to the elastic characteristics of the lattice structure 100, the lattice structure 100 and the driver 60 can be fixedly joined without loosening.

Further, when the gear 62 of the driver 60 is engaged with the pawl 15 of the lattice structure 100 and rotated in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 10A, the lattice structure 100 expands and expands. That is, the unit cell expands and expands when the driver 60 inserted into the lattice opening 30 rotates in the direction of the arrow. That is, when the driver 60 rotates in the direction of the arrow, each of the lattice bridges 10 that are curved in an S shape is unfolded so as to rotate, and the curvature of the lattice bridge 10 is reduced. When the curvature of the lattice bridge 10 is reduced, the lattice bridge 10 that is curved in an S shape is close to a straight line, so that the unit lattice is expanded as a whole.

(3-1 Structure Example 1)
Next, a first structural example of the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 11A shows an example of a lattice structure 100 having a cylindrical shape. As shown in FIG. 11A, the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention can be formed in a cylindrical shape by curving the lattice structure. In particular, since the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention is highly flexible, it can have a cylindrical shape with a smaller diameter.

Since the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention can be stretch-molded in a three-dimensional direction and has high flexibility as described above, the cylindrical lattice structure 100 is applied to various uses. be able to.

For example, as shown in FIG. 11B, the cylindrical lattice structure 100 can be applied to an artificial tooth root (fixture) used for implant treatment. That is, an artificial tooth root to be embedded in the gum of a patient undergoing implant treatment is formed by the cylindrical lattice structure 100. In general, the amount and thickness of the alveolar bone and the shape of the neck of the jaw of the patient undergoing implant treatment vary. In addition, external forces and impacts from all directions continue to be applied to the artificial roots embedded in the patient's gums, so material rigidity and structural flexibility are required to extend the product life. It is done. In this respect, since the artificial tooth root to which the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention is applied can be flexibly molded, it can be adapted to the biological characteristics of the patient to be treated. In addition, the artificial tooth root to which the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention is applied ensures the rigidity required for the artificial tooth root by using a metal material, and at the same time disperses the impact from the outside by the structural flexibility. Can do.

In addition, the cylindrical lattice structure 100 can be applied to a column (metal column) used for a building earthquake-proof base. Since the present invention can be expanded and contracted in a three-dimensional direction and has high flexibility, the impact caused by an earthquake can be distributed over the entire column and damage to the column can be prevented.

Further, the cylindrical lattice structure 100 may be applied to a stent. For example, a stent to which the present invention is applied and a balloon disposed in the stent are inserted into a stenotic portion of a coronary artery using a catheter. The stent is also expanded by inflating the balloon. If the balloon catheter is withdrawn leaving the expanded stent in the coronary artery, the stent will continue to support the stenosis from the inside. Thus, coronary stenosis is improved. In addition, a drug that prevents restenosis may be eluted from the surface of the stent. As described above, since the lattice structure 100 has high flexibility and stretchability, the lattice structure 100 can work suitably when applied to a stent.

Also, since the cylindrical lattice structure 100 can be easily bent in a three-dimensional direction, it can be applied to, for example, a body portion of a medical endoscope (fiber scope). In addition, the cylindrical lattice structure 100 has excellent biocompatibility because it can expand and contract in a three-dimensional direction and has high flexibility. Therefore, for example, it can be applied to a thrust spacer for medical use.

The cylindrical lattice structure 100 can also be applied to a mechanical structure that is highly flexible and requires light weight. Therefore, for example, the cylindrical lattice structure 100 can be applied to a golf club shaft or fishing rod that requires high torque and light weight.

Moreover, since the cylindrical lattice structure 100 can be easily curved in the three-dimensional direction, it can also be formed in an annular shape (doughnut shape). The cylindrical annular lattice structure 100 can be used, for example, as a structure of a vehicle tire or a structure of an anti-skid device attached to the tire.

(3-2 Structure example 2)
Next, a second structural example of the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a lattice structure 100 having a spherical shape. Thus, the lattice structure 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention may be spherical. Since the lattice structure 100 of the present invention can be expanded and contracted in a three-dimensional direction and has high bending characteristics, it can also have a spherical shape. The lattice structure 100 of the present invention, since a base of hexagonal polygon, it is possible to form the truncated icosahedron structure (so-called C ₆₀ fullerene structure).

The spherical lattice structure 100 can be applied to, for example, an elastic sphere that requires heat resistance. The spherical lattice structure 100 can be maintained in rigidity by using a metal material, while a spherical body having a high elastic modulus can be provided by the structural spring characteristics of the lattice structure. In addition, since the lattice structure 100 can have a truncated icosahedron structure, a game ball (ping-pong ball, golf ball, soccer ball) having the lattice pattern of the present invention may be manufactured.

(4 multi-layer lattice)
Hereinafter, a multi-layer grating 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14. As shown in FIG. 13, the multi-layer lattice 200 includes a plurality of lattice structures 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention. For example, the multi-layer lattice 200 includes two lattice structures 100, and the second lattice structure 100b is superimposed on the first lattice structure 100a. The multi-layer lattice 200 may be welded by a known method at a portion where a plurality of lattice structures 100 overlap. For example, welding may be performed by laser welding or resistance welding. Further, a plurality of lattice structures 100 may be pressed by using rivets (particularly blind rivets). The multi-layer lattice 200 is formed by stacking the lattice structures 100 having different patterns, that is, the lattice structures 100 having different thicknesses of the lattice bridge 10, the length of the bridge portion 16 of the lattice bridge 10, and the curvature of the lattice bridge 10. However, it is preferable to stack the lattice structures 100 having the same pattern.

As shown in FIG. 14, the multi-layer lattice 200 is formed by superimposing two-layer lattice structures (100a, 100b) shifted in a predetermined angle or a predetermined direction. For example, FIG. 14A is a diagram in which a second lattice structure 100b is superimposed on the first lattice structure 100a while being shifted 90 degrees to the left. At this time, one of the main openings 32 of the lattice opening 30 of the first lattice structure 100a and one of the main openings 32 of the lattice opening 30 of the second lattice structure 100b are: The second lattice structure 100b is superimposed at the matching position. In FIG. 14B, the second lattice structure 100b is superimposed on the first lattice structure 100a while being shifted about 45 degrees to the left. FIG. 14C is a diagram in which the second lattice structure 100b is superimposed on the first lattice structure 100a while being shifted by about a half of the unit lattice in the lower left direction. In other words, the second lattice structure 100b is superimposed so that the unit lattice of the second lattice structure 100b is located in the middle of the unit lattices that are continuous in the oblique direction of the first lattice structure 100a. 14A to 14B, the two gratings (100a, 100b) are superimposed on the plane of the multi-layer grating 200 by shifting them in a predetermined angle or in a predetermined direction. A pattern having anisotropy is expressed. In this way, the multi-layer lattice 200 is formed such that the tensile stress when pulled in a certain specific direction is different from the tensile stress when pulled in another specific direction.

Further, as shown in FIG. 14 (d), the two-layer lattice structures (100a, 100b) are regularly shifted in a predetermined angle or a predetermined direction so as to be regularly formed in a planar shape of the multi-layer lattice 200. The pattern may be exposed. For example, in FIG. 14D, the second lattice structure 100b is superimposed on the first lattice structure 100a while being shifted by about a half of the unit lattice in the lower right direction. At this time, the second lattice structure 100b is superimposed at a position where the lattice point 20 of the first lattice structure 100a coincides with the lattice point 20 of the second lattice structure 100b. . The plurality of lattices 200 formed in such a manner are formed so as to display a regular pattern based on a hexagon on a plane. The multi-layer lattice 200 having such a honeycomb structure is excellent in mechanical strength.

Further, the lattice structure 100 or the multi-layer lattice 200 may be laminated on clothes and used as protective clothing. That is, the protective clothing is formed by bonding or braiding the lattice structure 100 or the multi-layer lattice 200 on the surface of the clothing. As described above, since the lattice structure 100 or the multi-layer lattice 200 has high flexibility, it is possible to form a protective clothing that is lightweight and excellent in wearability.

Further, in addition to the lattice structure 100 or the multi-layer lattice 200 and the above-described uses, the present invention can be applied to various applications in which a lattice structure or a mesh structure is used.

(5 Multi-layered lattice structure)
FIG. 15 is a side view showing an example of a multi-layer three-dimensional lattice structure. FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing an example of the multi-layered three-dimensional lattice structure 16.
As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the multi-layered three-dimensional lattice structure 300 includes a plurality of lattice structures 100. The multi-layer three-dimensional lattice structure 300 is formed by overlapping the planes of the plurality of lattice structures 100 and joining the two lattice structures 100 facing each other in the thickness direction of the plurality of lattice structures 100. By pulling on, it becomes a three-dimensional structure.

The multi-layer three-dimensional lattice structure 300 includes at least a first lattice structure 100a and a second lattice structure 100b, and lattice points 20a of the first lattice structure 100a and the lattices of the second lattice structure. The point 20b is joined. As described above, when the first lattice structure 100a and the second lattice structure 100b are pulled in the thickness direction while the lattice points are joined, the lattice bridge 10a and the second lattice of the first lattice structure 100a are pulled. Both or one of the lattice bridges 10b of the structure 100b rises in the thickness direction of the lattice structure. Therefore, the lattice structure superimposed on a plurality of layers becomes a three-dimensional structure. The first lattice structure 100a and the second lattice structure 20b may be joined at at least one lattice point (20a, 20b), and all the lattice points (20a, 20b) are joined. It may be.

15 and 16 show an example in which five lattice structures are stacked to form a three-dimensional structure. As described above, the number of stacked lattice structures may be two or more, three, or four or more. In the example shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the second lattice structure 100b is located between the first lattice structure 100a and the third lattice structure 100c. When attention is paid to the lattice bridge 10b of the second grating structure 100b, grid point 20b ₁ located at one end portion of the lattice bridges 10b it is joined to the lattice point 20a of the first grating structure 100a. Further, the lattice point 20b ₂ positioned at the other end of the lattice bridge 10b of the second lattice structure 100b is joined to the lattice point 20c of the third lattice structure 100c. In this way, the lattice points (20b ₁ , 20b ₂ ) located at both ends of the lattice bridge 10b of the second lattice structure 100b are the lattice points 20a of the first lattice structure 100a and the third lattice structure, respectively. The lattice bridge 10b of at least the second lattice structure 100b rises by pulling in the thickness direction of the lattice structure while being joined to the lattice point 20c of 100c. Alternatively, the lattice bridge 10b of the second lattice structure 100b may be raised and the lattice bridge 10a of the first lattice structure 100a or the lattice bridge 10c of the third lattice structure 100c may be raised. Good. That is, the first lattice structure 100a and the third lattice structure 100c are connected via the lattice bridge 10b of the second lattice structure 100b. The number of the lattice bridges 10b of the second lattice structure 100b that connects the first lattice structure 100a and the third lattice structure 100c may be at least one, and two or more. Also good.

Note that, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, there may be a portion where the lattice bridges of the lattice structure are joined. When the lattice bridges are joined, the joined lattice bridges do not stand up, but by joining the lattice bridges, the adhesive strength of the laminated lattice structures can be improved.

FIG. 17 is a schematic plan view showing an extracted lattice structure (for example, the second lattice structure 100b) positioned between the lattice structures. FIG. 18 is a schematic perspective view for explaining a state in which a plurality of lattice structures are stacked and joined. In FIG. 17 and FIG. 18, “black circles” indicate lattice points bonded to the upper layer lattice structure, and “white circles” indicate lattice points bonded to the lower layer lattice structure. In FIG. 17 and FIG. 18, “black circle” and “white circle” are conceptually shown for explanation, and do not actually exist.

That is, as shown in FIG. 17, the second lattice structure 100b positioned between the first lattice structure 100a and the third lattice structure 100c has lattice points joined to the upper lattice structure. And upper layer junction lattice point 20b ₁ and lower layer junction lattice point 20b ₂ which is a lattice point joined to the lower layer lattice structure. For example, the upper-layer junction lattice point 20b ₁ is joined to the lattice point 20b of the first lattice structure 100a, and the lower-layer junction lattice point 20b ₂ is joined to the lattice point 20b of the third lattice structure 100c. As shown in FIG. 17, in the second grating structure 100b, at one end of the lattice bridges 10b upper bonding grid point 20b ₁ is formed, at the other end of the lattice bridges 10b is lower bonding grid point 20b ₂ formed It is preferred that Thus, the lattice bridge 10b connected to the upper bonding grid point 20b ₁ and the lower layer bonding grid point 20b ₂ is responsible for connecting the lattice structure disposed in the upper layer and lower layer.

FIG. 18 shows an example in which three lattice structures, that is, a first lattice structure 100a, a second lattice structure 100b, and a third lattice structure 100c are stacked. . The second lattice structure 100b is located between the first lattice structure 100a and the third lattice structure 100c. As described above, the second grating structure 100b includes an upper bonding grid point 20b ₁ and the lower layer bonding grid point 20b _2. On the other hand, the first grating structure 100a that is located on the upper layer of the second grating structure 100b has a lower bonding grid point 20a _2. The third grid structure 100c positioned in the lower layer of the second grating structure 100b includes an upper bonding grid point 20c _1. Then, the upper bonding grid point 20b ₁ of the lower bonding grid point 20a ₂ of the first grating structure 100a second grating structure 100b are joined together. Further, the upper bonding grid point 20c ₁ of the lower bonding grid point 20b ₂ of the second grating structure 100b third grating structure 100c are bonded to each other. In such a state, by pulling the laminated lattice structure in the thickness direction, a multi-layered three-dimensional lattice structure 300 in which three lattice structures are laminated is formed. Note that when the first lattice structure 100a and the second lattice structure 100b are joined, the back surface of the first lattice structure 100a and the surface of the second lattice structure 100b are joined. Similarly, when the second lattice structure 100b and the third lattice structure 100c are joined, the back surface of the second lattice structure 100b and the surface of the third lattice structure 100c are joined.

The configuration of the multi-layered three-dimensional lattice structure described above is an example. In other words, various configurations other than the above are adopted as long as the lattice bridge can be raised by superimposing the planes of a plurality of lattice structures to form a three-dimensional lattice structure. Is possible.

Moreover, the above-described multi-layered three-dimensional lattice structure can be used for various purposes. For example, it can be used as an artificial vertebral body, an intervertebral body spacer, or a bone filling material. An artificial vertebral body replaces a damaged vertebral body after extraction, and is required to be elastic and flexible. After removing the intervertebral disc, the intervertebral body spacer is used to adjust the distance between the upper and lower vertebral bodies (intervertebral height) to an appropriate value with an adjusting device and maintain the distance. The bone prosthetic material is a treatment tool filled in a collapsed vertebral body in order to treat a vertebral body compression fracture in which the vertebral body collapses due to trauma, osteoporosis or the like. Thus, since the multi-layered three-dimensional lattice structure according to the present invention can be designed with any elasticity and strength and is excellent in biocompatibility, it is possible to create an implant material having the same physical properties as a living bone. it can.

In addition, the multi-layer three-dimensional lattice structure can be used not only for medical purposes but also for industrial purposes such as composite materials with plastic materials. For example, even if the structure is formed by combining a metal multi-layer solid and another plastic material, the elasticity and strength of the multi-layer solid lattice structure can be adapted to the plus kick material. Further, the several-layer three-dimensional lattice structure can be suitably used as, for example, a structure of a metal cage, a spring block, or a vibration isolator.

(6 punching model)
Next, a model for punching the lattice structure of the present invention will be described.
In general, punching processing for forming a through hole having a desired shape has high productivity and low production cost compared to wire cutting and laser cutting. However, the shape that can be punched is limited to a relatively simple shape, and it is difficult to perform punching for a complicated shape having a continuous curve.
Therefore, in the following, a lattice structure that is designed with a relatively simple shape and can be easily manufactured by punching will be described.

In the example shown in FIG. 19, the lattice bridge 10 has an inner refraction point 17 projecting at an acute angle toward the inside of a certain lattice opening 30 and an outer refraction projecting at an acute angle toward the outside of the certain opening 30. The two points 18 are refracted into an S shape. The shape of the lattice bridge 10 can also be referred to as being refracted into a Z shape. The angle between the inner refraction point 17 and the outer refraction point 18 is, for example, 60 degrees.

At the lattice point 20, one end portions of the three lattice bridges 10 refracted into an S shape are connected. Each lattice opening 30 is defined by being surrounded by six lattice bridges 10 and six lattice points 20. That is, the lattice opening 30 includes a hexagonal main opening 32 and six subordinate openings having a certain rotational direction extending from one end of each side of the main opening 32 onto an extension line of each side. A portion 34 is defined. Here, “constant rotational directionality” means, for example, that each of six subordinate openings 34 formed in a straight line is regularly 60 degrees in comparison with the adjacent subordinate openings 34. It means that it is inclined to. The main opening 32 is preferably a regular hexagon. Moreover, it is preferable that the subordinate opening part 34 is linear form.

In the lattice structure shown in FIG. 19, the lattice bridge 10 has a shape that is refracted at two points of the inner refraction point 17 and the outer refraction point 18, and all the lattice bridges 10 have substantially the same shape. However, it can be manufactured by punching the plurality of lattice openings 30. For this reason, the lattice structure shown in FIG. 19 can be manufactured with high productivity and at low cost, and is suitable for mass production.

In the example shown in FIG. 20, the lattice bridge 10 includes a first inner refraction point 17 a and a second inner refraction point 17 b that project at an obtuse angle toward the inside of a certain lattice opening 30, and the certain lattice opening. The light is refracted at four points, ie, a first outer refraction point 18a and a second outer refraction point 18b, which project at an obtuse angle toward the outside of 30. The angle of each refraction point is 120 degrees, for example.

At the lattice point 20, one end portions of the three lattice bridges 10 refracted into an S shape are connected. Each lattice opening 30 is defined by being surrounded by six lattice bridges 10 and six lattice points 20. For this reason, the lattice opening 30 extends on the extended line of one side that forms the acute angle end from each acute angle end of the main opening 30 and a dodecagonal main opening 32 in which an acute angle and an obtuse angle continue alternately. Six secondary openings 34 having a constant rotational direction are defined. An example of the acute angle of the main opening 32 is 60 degrees. An example of the obtuse angle of the main opening 32 is 240 degrees. For example, the lattice opening 30 is preferably a regular hexagonal star shape. Moreover, it is preferable that the subordinate opening part 34 is linear form.

20 can also be manufactured by punching because the lattice opening 30 has a relatively simple shape. Furthermore, in the lattice structure shown in FIG. 20, the lattice bridge 10 is formed in an S-shape having four refraction points, and can expand and contract relatively flexibly. Therefore, the lattice structure shown in FIG. 20 can be molded flexibly, and has an advantage that it is easily adapted to the biological characteristics of a patient receiving an implant treatment, for example.

(7 pieces extracted from the lattice pattern)
FIG. 21 shows a piece 400 extracted from the lattice pattern of the lattice structure 100 according to the present invention. The piece 400 has substantially the same shape as the lattice opening 30 of the lattice structure 100. Also, the pieces 400 can be spread without gaps when connected. Since the piece aggregate in which the pieces 400 are spread has a large area bonded between the pieces 400, the frictional force between the pieces 400 is high and cannot be easily detached. In addition, since the piece aggregate is isotropic, it has a uniform stress against impacts from all directions. Therefore, the piece 400 can be suitably used as, for example, a tile spread on the road. In addition, since the piece aggregate in which the pieces 400 are spread expresses a very complicated geometric pattern, the pieces 400 can be used as, for example, pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the photographs in FIGS.

FIG. 22 is a photograph showing an example in which the lattice structure according to the present invention is applied to a human bone. In FIG. 22, a plate-like lattice structure is cut into a size corresponding to the shape of a human bone to be applied, and attached to a human skull, jaw bone, femur, and joint. The lattice structure on the flat plate is curved three-dimensionally to fix bone fragments or bridge bone defects, and is fixed to various human bones by bone screws. As shown in FIG. 22, since the lattice structure of the present invention is flexibly curved, not only a flat bone region, but also a bone surface curved in an uneven shape or a spherical shape is brought into close contact. Can be installed.

FIG. 23 is a photograph showing an example in which the lattice structure according to the present invention is applied as a lattice structure for alveolar bone formation. Thus, when the lattice structure according to the present invention is used for alveolar bone formation, nuts are fitted into the lattice openings. Artificial teeth (superstructure) are screwed and fixed to the nuts fitted in the lattice openings. Thus, the lattice structure according to the present invention can be used as an implant. When the lattice structure according to the present invention is used as an implant treatment, the stability of the artificial tooth root and the artificial tooth is increased, so that the dental implant can be fixed without waiting for bone growth.

FIG. 24 is a photograph showing an example in which two lattice structures according to the present invention are pressed and connected using rivets. As described above, the grid structure according to the present invention can expand the area of the structure by pressing the plurality of grid structures with rivets and continuing to connect them. In particular, by using a rivet (especially a blind rivet) to press and connect a plurality of lattice structures, the area of the lattice can be expanded while maintaining mechanical characteristics such as shape followability and elasticity.

The lattice structure according to the present invention can be molded in a three-dimensional direction. The lattice structure according to the present invention is flexible and has high stretchability. Therefore, the lattice structure according to the present invention is, for example, a lattice structure on a flat plate that requires biocompatibility, a cylindrical lattice structure such as a stent or an implant, and a lattice structure formed into a spherical shape. It can be suitably used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Lattice bridge 12 Outer bending part 14 Inner bending part 15 Pawl part 16 Bridge part 17 Inner refraction point
18 Outer refraction point 20 Lattice point 22 Hole 30 Lattice opening 32 Main opening 34 Subordinate opening 40 Nut 50 Parts 60 Driver 62 Gear part 100 Lattice 200 Multi-layer lattice 300 Multi-layer solid lattice structure 400 Piece

Claims

A plurality of lattice bridges (10) curved or refracted into an S-shape;
A plurality of lattice points (20) connecting the ends of three lattice bridges (10) among the plurality of lattice bridges (10),
The plurality of grid bridges (10) and the plurality of grid points (20) define a plurality of grid openings (30);
Each of the lattice openings (30) is surrounded by six lattice bridges (10) and six lattice points (20) among the plurality of lattice bridges (10) and the plurality of lattice points (20). A lattice structure (100) defined by:
Each of the lattice openings (30)
Including one main opening (32) and six sub-openings (34),
The lattice structure (100) according to claim 1, wherein the secondary openings (34) are defined to extend radially from the main openings (32) in the same direction.
The six lattice points (20) surrounding the lattice opening (30) are:
The lattice structure (100) according to claim 1, wherein the lattice structure (100) is located at a vertex of a hexagon formed by connecting the respective lattice points (20).
When the lattice bridge (10) curved in an S shape that forms the lattice is a straight lattice bridge (10) that is not curved,
The lattice structure (100) according to claim 1, wherein the lattice openings (30a) defined by the six straight lattice bridges (10) and the six lattice points (20) form a hexagon.
The distance between the lattice points (20) connected via the lattice bridge (10) curved in the S-shape is:
2. The length of the straight lattice bridge (10) is 90% or less when the lattice bridge (10) curved in an S shape is a straight lattice bridge (10) that is not curved. A lattice structure (100) according to claim 1.
The lattice structure (100) according to claim 1, wherein a nut (40) in which a screw hole is formed is fitted in at least one of the plurality of lattice openings (30).
The lattice bridge (10) and the lattice point (20) are made of a spring alloy material or a shape memory alloy,
The lattice structure (100) according to claim 1, comprising a Ti-Ni alloy.
The lattice structure (100) according to claim 1, which is formed in a flat plate shape.
The lattice structure (100) according to claim 1, which is formed in a cylindrical shape.
Formed in a cylindrical shape,
The lattice structure (100) according to claim 1, wherein the structure has a ring shape forming a ring.
The lattice structure (100) according to claim 1, wherein the lattice structure (100) is formed in a spherical shape.
A multi-layer lattice structure (200) comprising a plurality of layers of the lattice structure (100) according to claim 1.
A multi-layer lattice structure (200), wherein the lattice structure (100) according to claim 1 is stacked in a plurality of layers at a predetermined angle or in a predetermined direction.
Including at least two lattice structures (100) according to claim 1,
The at least two or more lattice structures include a first lattice structure (100a) and a second lattice structure (100b).
The first lattice structure (100a) and the second lattice structure (100b) are joined at at least one lattice point (20a, 20b),
Any one or more of the lattice bridges (10a, 10b) whose ends are connected to the joined lattice points (20a, 20b) are erected in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the lattice structure. Lattice structure (300).
A third lattice structure (100c);
The second lattice structure (100b) is located between the first lattice structure (100a) and the third lattice structure (100c),
At least the lattice point (20b 1 ) located at one end of the lattice bridge (10b) where the second lattice structure (100b) is located is the lattice point (20a) of the first lattice structure (100a). Are joined,
At least the lattice point (20b 2 ) located at the other end of the lattice bridge (10b) with the second lattice structure (100b) is the lattice point (20c) of the third lattice structure (100c). Is joined to
At least the lattice bridge (10b) with the second lattice structure (100b) rises in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the second lattice structure (100b).
The multi-layer three-dimensional lattice structure (300) according to claim 16.
The lattice bridge (10) is refracted into an S-shape,
The lattice bridge (10) has an inner refraction point (17) projecting at an acute angle toward the inside of a certain lattice opening (30), and an outer refraction projecting at an acute angle toward the outside of the certain opening (30). Refracted at two points (18),
The lattice opening (30) has a hexagonal main opening (32) and a certain rotational direction extending from one end of each side of the main opening (32) onto an extension line of each side. The lattice structure of claim 1, wherein six secondary openings (34) are defined.
The lattice bridge (10) is refracted into an S-shape,
The lattice bridge (10) includes a first inner refraction point (17a) and a second inner refraction point (17b) protruding at an obtuse angle toward the inside of a certain lattice opening (30), and the certain lattice opening. Refracted at four points of a first outer refraction point (18a) and a second outer refraction point (18b) projecting at an obtuse angle toward the outside of (30),
The lattice opening (30) includes a dodecagonal main opening (32) having an acute angle and an obtuse angle alternately arranged, and one side that forms the acute angle end from each acute angle end of the main opening (30). The grid structure according to claim 1, wherein six secondary openings (34) having a constant direction of rotation extending on the extension are defined.