WO2009098093A2 - Ensemble onduleur permettant l'injection d'énergie produite par voie photovoltaïque dans un réseau public - Google Patents

Ensemble onduleur permettant l'injection d'énergie produite par voie photovoltaïque dans un réseau public Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009098093A2
WO2009098093A2 PCT/EP2009/001000 EP2009001000W WO2009098093A2 WO 2009098093 A2 WO2009098093 A2 WO 2009098093A2 EP 2009001000 W EP2009001000 W EP 2009001000W WO 2009098093 A2 WO2009098093 A2 WO 2009098093A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inverter
positive
converter
arrangement according
connection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/001000
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2009098093A3 (fr
Inventor
Heribert Schmidt
Bruno Burger
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Publication of WO2009098093A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009098093A2/fr
Publication of WO2009098093A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009098093A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • Inverter arrangement for feeding photovoltaic energy into a public
  • the invention relates to an inverter arrangement for feeding photovoltaic energy obtained in a public network according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a system for feeding a photovoltaic energy obtained in the public network.
  • An inverter is connected to the public network 6 on its output side, wherein this connection can be made in one or more phases via the phases P 1 to P 3 as well as a neutral conductor N and a protective conductor PE (protective earth, ground potential).
  • the inverter 1 is connected to one or more solar generators 5, whereby Depending on the circuit technology of the inverter 1, certain potentials are set at the connection terminals of the solar generator 5 with respect to the ground potential PE, which are designated by U P i us and U M i nu s.
  • the solar generator 5 consists of a series circuit of many individual cells, so that ultimately every single cell assumes a defined potential compared to ground potential.
  • Certain cell technologies in particular thin-film technologies, react with a decrease in performance or damage to the potential of the cells in relation to the earth. In many cases, high negative voltages are detrimental to earth potential.
  • FIG. 2 shows a system according to FIG. 1, in which a known frequently used inverter topology is explained in more detail. It consists of an actual inverter circuit 2, symbolically represented as a bridge circuit, which can be configured in one or more phases in a multitude of forms. Transformerless topologies which have a very high efficiency and at the same time low weight and low costs are particularly advantageous. Such topologies require a designated U ZK input voltage, which must be greater than the amplitude of the AC line voltage, ie greater than about 350 V in single-phase systems, in three-phase topologies greater than about 700 V.
  • the actual inverter circuit 2 is preceded by a DC-DC converter 3, these groups being combined in practice to form a structural inverter arrangement 1.
  • the DC-DC converter 3 comprises an input buffer capacitor C 0 , a DC / DC converter 4, which converts the input voltage to a higher voltage and in the connection between the input U P i us and an intermediate circuit voltage terminal + U ZK , as well as an output or DC link capacitor C z ⁇ .
  • this can be designed as a single capacitor or as a series connection of several partial capacitors.
  • the illustrated intermediate circuit voltage U z ⁇ is divided symmetrically, wherein the mean potential can be connected inside the device via a line to the neutral of the public network and thus has ground potential. This line is indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 2.
  • the negative terminal U M i nu s of the solar generator 5 is shown in FIG. 2 directly connected to the negative DC link -U 2K .
  • the potential of the positive terminal results from the operating point voltage U SG of the solar generator. If this is less than 350 V, then all cells have a negative potential compared to earth. At a higher voltage, as shown by way of example in FIG. 3, a part of the cells has a low positive potential. It has been shown that the high negative potential of -350 V has a damaging effect on certain solar cells.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an inverter arrangement for feeding photovoltaic energy obtained in a public grid, are avoided with the high negative potentials of the solar cell to ground potential.
  • the reference potential of the DC-DC converter arrangement is the positive connection line between the positive terminal for a solar generator and the DC link capacitor, and the converter is essentially located in the connection between the negative terminal of a solar generator or a solar generator.
  • the solar cells of the solar generator depending on the solar generator voltage all have a positive potential to earth or a portion of the cells on a low, but tolerable negative potential.
  • the inverter circuit may have a full bridge whose outputs are connected via a respective choke coil to output terminals for a single-phase network, whereby the inverter assembly for solar generators with a MPP voltage (voltage at the maximum solar generator power point) in the range up to about 350 V is particularly suitable ,
  • the inverter circuit has a half-bridge and the DC link capacitor consists of two series-connected capacitors, wherein the connection point between the capacitors with an output terminal and the output of the half-bridge are connected via a choke coil with another output terminal for a single-phase network , whereby the inverter arrangement is particularly suitable for solar generators with an MPP voltage in the range up to 700 V approximately.
  • An advantageous embodiment is that three half-bridges are provided to form a three-phase inverter arrangement, and each output of the half-bridges via a choke coil with Ichanschlüss- sen and the connection point of the capacitors to another output terminal for the neutral conductor a three-phase network are connected, whereby advantageously can be fed symmetrically into the network.
  • Inverter arrangement characterized by a large input - voltage range and no or only small negative voltages to earth potential occur.
  • the inverter arrangement is therefore particularly suitable for solar cells in which degradation occurs at high negative voltages to ground, for example by corrosion of the cell material or by efficiency reductions due to polarization processes within the cells, these effects occurring preferably in thin-film modules, but also in certain crystalline cells.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an inverter assembly for feeding photovoltaic energy obtained according to the prior art
  • Fig. 2 is a more detailed representation of a
  • FIG. 3 shows a characteristic curve of the solar generator voltage in a converter arrangement according to FIG. 2, FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows a characteristic of the solar generator voltage in an inverter arrangement according to FIG. 4, FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the inverter arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows a characteristic of the solar generator voltage or the potentials for an inverter arrangement according to FIG. 6, FIG.
  • Fig. 8 shows a circuit configuration of the
  • FIG. 10 shows a second embodiment of the inverter circuit together with the DC voltage converter arrangement for forming a second exemplary embodiment of the inventive inverter arrangement
  • FIG. 11 shows a third embodiment of the inverter circuit together with the DC voltage converter arrangement for forming a third exemplary embodiment of the inventive inverter arrangement
  • FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of the inventive inverter arrangement 1 which, as in the prior art, comprises a DC-DC converter arrangement 3 and an inverter circuit 2.
  • the DC-DC converter arrangement 3 has the input buffer capacitor C 0 , the intermediate circuit capacitor C z ⁇ and the converter 4, which can also be referred to as a DC voltage boost converter.
  • the inverter circuit 2 is shown in a three-phase manner in principle and thus comprises output connections P1, P2, P3, which also designate the three phases of a public network 6, and the neutral connection. Terminated from N as well as the PE connection, usually earth potential.
  • the positive terminal U P i uss of the solar generator 5 is connected to the positive DC link terminal + U ZK of
  • DC link capacitor C z ⁇ connected and the converter 4 is located in contrast to the prior art in the connection between the negative terminal U minus the solar generator 5 and the intermediate circuit connection -U z ⁇ .
  • FIG. 7 which shows the potentials U P i us and U M ius over time, all cells have a positive potential at a DC link voltage U zK of 700 V and a solar generator voltage U SG of less than 350V towards earth. At higher solar generator voltages U SG tolerable negative potentials occur in a few cells, as indicated in Fig. 7.
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the actual converter 4. It consists of a storage choke L 0 and a rectifier diode D 0 , which lie in the connection path between the negative solar generator connection U M i nUs and the negative DC link connection -U ZK .
  • the term of the diode D 0 should also include any other form of rectifier, it may also be embodied as a semiconductor switch, for example in the form of a so-called synchronous rectifier.
  • a semiconductor switch S 0 for example, a MOS-FET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) or IGBT (bipolar transistor with insulated gate electrode), with a clock frequency of eg 16 kHz. is clocked.
  • MOS-FET metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
  • IGBT bipolar transistor with insulated gate electrode
  • the diode blocks 0 and D 0 in the storage inductor L 0 flows in time increasingly mender current, connected to an energy storage in the magnetic circuit of the inductor L 0th
  • the inductor current flows through the diode D 0 in the DC link capacitor C z ⁇ and charges it.
  • the intermediate circuit capacitor C z ⁇ is realized here as a series circuit of two capacitors C ZK i and C Z ⁇ 2 .
  • the ratio of the switch-on duration of the switch S 0 to its switch-off duration is set in accordance with a pulse width modulation such that the required intermediate circuit voltage U 2K is reached.
  • DC link in turn feeds the actual inverter 2, which is shown here symbolically as a bridge circuit.
  • FIG. 9 A first preferred single-phase version of the inverter arrangement 1 is shown in FIG. 9, the DC-DC converter arrangement 3 corresponding to that according to FIG. 8. This is followed by a full bridge, which consists of the semiconductor switches Si 0 , S 2O and S 30 , S 40 .
  • the connection point between the switch Si 0 and the switch S 2 o is connected via a first choke coil L 1 to a first output terminal Pl and the connection point between the switch S 30 and the switch S 40 via a second choke coil L 2 with a second output terminal N connected.
  • two antiparallel freewheeling paths XII are connected, which consist of the switches and free-running diodes S 5 and D 5, respectively.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the inverter arrangement 1 according to the invention.
  • the intermediate circuit capacitor C Z ⁇ is designed as a series connection of the two capacitors C ZK1 and C ZK2 (as in FIG indicated), wherein the center tap between the two capacitors with the output terminal for the neutral conductor N is connected.
  • the single-phase inverter circuit 2 consists of a half-bridge Si 0 , S 20 , described in connection with FIG. 9 freewheeling paths S 5 , D 5 , S s and D 6 and a single feed throttle L x , which lies in the connecting line between the output of the half-bridge and the output terminal Pl.
  • the antiparallel freewheeling paths XII be in embodiments, as described in connection with FIG. 12, be formed.
  • a minimum intermediate circuit voltage U z ⁇ of 700 V is required, whereby the highest conversion efficiency is achieved at this voltage.
  • the inverter is thus particularly suitable for solar generators with an MPP voltage in the range up to 700 V.
  • FIG. 11 A further embodiment of the inventive inverter arrangement, namely a three-phase inverter arrangement 1, is shown in FIG. 11, one phase corresponding to the embodiment according to FIG. 10.
  • There are thus three half-bridge branches Si 0 , S 20 , S 30 , S 40 , S 50 and S 50 are provided at whose outputs in the respective connecting line to the output terminals Pl, P2, P3 each have a choke coil Li, L 2 , L 3 wherein between the respective starting and NeutralIeiter between the connection point between the two capacitors C Z ki, C ZK2 of DC link and the associated output terminal N, the antiparallel freewheeling paths are connected, which are symbolically combined in the blocks Hi, H 2 and H 3 .
  • the embodiments of these freewheel paths H are shown in FIG. 12.
  • the three-phase design of the inverter also requires a DC link voltage U z ⁇ of at least 700 V.
  • U z ⁇ DC link voltage
  • the output power is constant, so that the DC link capacitor C z ⁇ can be chosen considerably smaller in terms of its capacity, since it does not have to store large amounts of energy.
  • FIG. 12 shows possible embodiments of the free-wheeling paths XII be and H, respectively, which are shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 are used.
  • Each of the embodiments b, c, d, e may be chosen in conjunction with the inverter arrangements 1 of these figures.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 12b is shown by way of example in FIGS. 9 and 10 and already described in connection with these figures.
  • the switches which may be formed, for example, as a MOS-FET or IGBT, and the diodes D 5 and D 6 may be independently selected and optimized.
  • Fig. 12c is a cross-connection between the connection point of the switch S 5 and the diode D 5 of a freewheeling path and the diode D e and the switch S 6 of the other freewheeling path is provided.
  • These cross Connection does not change the basic mode of operation, however, it is thereby possible that so-called CoPacks can be used, in which in each case an IGBT transistor and a diode are connected in anti-parallel with each other. Also, in this arrangement, the inherent in MOS-FETs body diode can be used as a freewheeling diode.
  • FIGS. 12d and 12e respectively show identically acting arrangements in which the order of switch and diode in the respective freewheeling paths has been reversed. This can result in advantages in the control of the switch.
  • the positive connection line is drawn as a continuous line.
  • filter throttles or measuring resistors or the like can lie in practice in this positive line, which can lead to small potential shifts, but do not abolish the basic principle.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble onduleur permettant l'injection d'énergie produite par voie photovoltaïque dans un réseau public, lequel ensemble onduleur comprend un ensemble convertisseur continu-continu, pouvant être connecté aux bornes positive et négative d'un générateur solaire, et un circuit onduleur. L'ensemble convertisseur continu-continu comprend un condensateur tampon d'entrée, un convertisseur et au moins un condensateur de circuit intermédiaire. Selon l'invention, le potentiel de référence de l'ensemble convertisseur continu continu forme la ligne de connexion positive entre la borne positive du générateur solaire et le condensateur de circuit intermédiaire et le convertisseur se trouve dans la connexion entre la borne négative du générateur solaire et la borne négative du condensateur de circuit intermédiaire.
PCT/EP2009/001000 2008-02-08 2009-02-06 Ensemble onduleur permettant l'injection d'énergie produite par voie photovoltaïque dans un réseau public WO2009098093A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008008356 2008-02-08
DE102008008356.9 2008-02-08
DE102008050765.2 2008-10-09
DE102008050765A DE102008050765A1 (de) 2008-02-08 2008-10-09 Wechselrichteranordnung zum Einspeisen von photovoltaisch gewonnener Energie in ein öffentliches Netz

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WO2009098093A2 true WO2009098093A2 (fr) 2009-08-13
WO2009098093A3 WO2009098093A3 (fr) 2010-01-28

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WO (1) WO2009098093A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8867248B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2014-10-21 Kohler Co. High-efficiency, three-level, single-phase inverter
US9479082B2 (en) 2011-01-04 2016-10-25 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for resonant power conversion
EP2541749A4 (fr) * 2010-02-26 2017-12-13 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Appareil de conversion de puissance, appareil et système de connexion au réseau électrique

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010012294B4 (de) * 2010-03-23 2012-04-26 Adensis Gmbh Photovoltaikanlage mit Potentialabsenkung
DE102011081111A1 (de) * 2011-08-17 2013-02-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wechselrichteranordnung

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DE3831126A1 (de) * 1988-09-13 1990-03-15 Asea Brown Boveri Schaltungsanordnung und steuerverfahren fuer einen wechselrichter mit eingepraegter zwischenkreisspannung
US20040100149A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-05-27 Jih-Sheng Lai Topologies for multiple energy sources
WO2007048420A1 (fr) * 2005-10-24 2007-05-03 Conergy Ag Onduleur
DE102006010694A1 (de) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-20 Refu Elektronik Gmbh Wechselrichterschaltung für erweiterten Eingangsspannungsbereich
WO2008015298A1 (fr) * 2006-07-31 2008-02-07 Ingeteam Energy, S.A. Circuit inverseur monophasé pour conditionner et convertir l'énergie électrique à courant continu en énergie électrique à courant alternatif

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004037446B4 (de) 2004-08-02 2006-11-02 Conergy Ag Trafoloser Wechselrichter für solare Netzeinspeisung

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3831126A1 (de) * 1988-09-13 1990-03-15 Asea Brown Boveri Schaltungsanordnung und steuerverfahren fuer einen wechselrichter mit eingepraegter zwischenkreisspannung
US20040100149A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-05-27 Jih-Sheng Lai Topologies for multiple energy sources
WO2007048420A1 (fr) * 2005-10-24 2007-05-03 Conergy Ag Onduleur
DE102006010694A1 (de) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-20 Refu Elektronik Gmbh Wechselrichterschaltung für erweiterten Eingangsspannungsbereich
WO2008015298A1 (fr) * 2006-07-31 2008-02-07 Ingeteam Energy, S.A. Circuit inverseur monophasé pour conditionner et convertir l'énergie électrique à courant continu en énergie électrique à courant alternatif

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2541749A4 (fr) * 2010-02-26 2017-12-13 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Appareil de conversion de puissance, appareil et système de connexion au réseau électrique
US9479082B2 (en) 2011-01-04 2016-10-25 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for resonant power conversion
US10141868B2 (en) 2011-01-04 2018-11-27 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for resonant power conversion
US8867248B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2014-10-21 Kohler Co. High-efficiency, three-level, single-phase inverter

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Publication number Publication date
WO2009098093A3 (fr) 2010-01-28
DE102008050765A1 (de) 2009-08-20

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