WO2003038984A1 - Power supply - Google Patents

Power supply Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003038984A1
WO2003038984A1 PCT/AU2002/001489 AU0201489W WO03038984A1 WO 2003038984 A1 WO2003038984 A1 WO 2003038984A1 AU 0201489 W AU0201489 W AU 0201489W WO 03038984 A1 WO03038984 A1 WO 03038984A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
converter
output
power supply
triac
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2002/001489
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Andrei Lachsz
Original Assignee
Inovatech Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inovatech Limited filed Critical Inovatech Limited
Publication of WO2003038984A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003038984A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/2176—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only comprising a passive stage to generate a rectified sinusoidal voltage and a controlled switching element in series between such stage and the output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/05—Capacitor coupled rectifiers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to power supplies and, in particular, to a DC power supply derived from an AC mains supply.
  • the present invention relates to a particular DC power supply which is intended for use in supplying DC power to various devices installed in a mains supply distribution system.
  • the supply be invulnerable to transients which may be present from time to time on the AC mains from which the power is derived.
  • the electricity distribution system is prone to induced transient over- voltage, produced for example by transient events such as lighting, switching or fault clearing.
  • the electrical transmission lines in the distribution system are more likely to be effected by these transient events than cables within a building.
  • over-voltage protection means are only capable of protecting an appliance from transient over-voltage amplitude a finite number of times. Any appliances that are not readily accessible but are required to be employed regularly are not usefully protected with such devices because the appliance needs to be accessed to replace the protection means .
  • It is an object of the present invention is to provide a DC power supply which derives its energy from an AC mains supply.
  • a DC power supply comprising: a pair of AC input terminals; at least one rectifying means and associated capacitive energy storage means connected across the AC input terminals to provide a first DC voltage; a first capacitor connected in series between said rectifying means and one of said AC input terminals; a first DC/DC converter means connected to the first DC voltage to provide at least two DC voltage outputs; a second capacitive energy storage means charged by a higher one of said DC voltage outputs of the converter means; and a second DC/DC converter means connected between second capacitive energy storage means and a lower one of said DC voltage outputs and arranged to energise said lower output from said second storage means following a drop in output from said first DC/DC converter means.
  • a method of supplying from an AC mains supply a DC output voltage which is held up in the event of interruption to said mains supply comprising the steps of: connecting at least one rectifying circuit across said mains supply, connecting the input of a first DC/DC converter to the output of said rectifying circuit, said first DC/DC converter having at least two DC output voltages of differing magnitudes, charging a capacitive energy storage means from a higher one of said DC output voltages, connecting a second DC/DC converter between said capacitive energy storage means and a lower one of said DC output voltages which comprises said held up DC output voltage, and energising said lower DC output voltage from said capacitive energy storage means following a drop in output from said first DC/DC converter.
  • a voltage limiting arrangement for a mains supplied rectifier comprising a rectifying circuit supplied from said mains supply via a current limiting impedance, and a switch means connected in series with said impedance and in parallel with said rectifying circuit.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the preferred DC power supply
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit illustrating the operating principle of the voltage limiter.
  • the portion of the circuit indicated by I is a capacitive power supply.
  • the magnitude of the capacitor Cl defines the magnitude of the current supplied.
  • the diode N2 and capacitor C2 constitute a half wave rectifier 26 and can be used as a minimum, however, diode N3 and capacitor C3 are preferably provided so that a full wave rectifier 26 which utilises both halves of the AC mains supply is created. This leads to low losses, and thus high efficiency and high transient energy capability.
  • a voltage limiting circuit 20 is provided in the form of triac Nl and its associated diac Dl and resistive biasing network.
  • the capacitor Cl also limits the maximum energy delivered to the voltage limiting circuit during transients.
  • a current limiting impedance is also provided in the form of a saturatable inductor LI.
  • FIG 2 A generalised schematic illustration of voltage limiter 20 is provided in FIG 2 wherein an impedance 23 is disposed in one of the AC mains terminals 21.
  • a switch 24 (representing the triac Nl and associated diac Dl and resistors) is electrically disposed in series with the load 23 across the mains and shunts the rectifier 26.
  • the full wave rectifier 26 is fed via the load 23 to provide a rectified voltage output 27.
  • the voltage limiter 20 during each half of the mains power input cycle drives the diac Dl at a predetermined voltage to provide a pulse of current into the gate of the triac Nl which the turns on to shunt the rectifier 26.
  • the timing of the pulse can be predetermined by selecting the properties of diac Dl. This arrangement limits the voltage appearing at the output 27.
  • the above described circuit constitutes a full wave rectifying circuit 26 which provides a DC voltage output 27 which fluctuates and which constitutes the input voltage to a substantially conventional DC/DC converter 15, indicated by II in Fig. 1.
  • the converter ⁇ can be a linear or switching converter and is preferably in the form of a flyback converter and may or may not be isolated.
  • An advantage of this topology is that the rectified voltage can be higher than the peak mains voltage thus leading to good power transfer and efficiency for a given capacitor Cl .
  • Voutput or No The output of the DC/DC converter (Voutput or No) is applied to a hold-up circuit indicated by ILT in Fig. 1.
  • This has an additional higher voltage output (V storage or Vs) which can be used for powering various parts of the load circuit as well as storing energy in a capacitor C4.
  • V storage or Vs Such capacitive energy storage becomes more efficient at higher voltages.
  • a further, DC DC converter ⁇ l termed a hold-up converter, (which can also be either a linear converter or a switching converter) is connected as shown between Vs and Vo. It is noted that a plurality of separate output voltages, each of a different magnitude, can be provided if desired.
  • the converter ⁇ l is normally inactive because it is inhibited as its feedback loop reference value is set below the normal value of Vo.
  • the hold-up converter ⁇ l has a very fast feedback loop response which will improve the dynamic response of the DC power supply.
  • the converter ⁇ l is activated only if Vo drops below a set threshold value such as occurs if mains power is lost or otherwise interrupted. This results in transfer of the energy stored in capacitor C4 to the Vo output.
  • the system powered by the Vo line is able to either shut down in an orderly fashion having detected a reduced supply voltage, or is able to ride through a mains interruption if the loss of mains power is only momentary.
  • the DC/DC converter Nl is linear thereby enabling it to be designed with a faster response than the primary DC/DC converter II with the consequence that the overall system response of the power supply is improved.
  • preferred embodiment provides a power supply which allows the orderly shutdown of any equipment during power failure.
  • the embodiment is also advantageous in providing a useful voltage limiter to govern the input voltage to the power supply.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a DC power supply operable from an AC mains supply in a transient environment such as a power distribution system. A series connected capacitor (C1) and saturable inductor (L1) feed a full wave rectifier to supply a first DC/DC converter (15) having at least two output (Vs and Vo). A second DC/DC converter is supplied by the higher output (Vs) and is energised by a capacitor (C4) charged to voltage (Vs). The second DC/DC converter is switched in it output (Vo) falls due to momentary or prolonged interruption to the mains supply. The result is that the output (Vo) is held up.

Description

POWER SUPPLY Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to power supplies and, in particular, to a DC power supply derived from an AC mains supply.
Background of the Invention
Many such DC power supplies deriving their power from an AC mains supply are known. However, the present invention relates to a particular DC power supply which is intended for use in supplying DC power to various devices installed in a mains supply distribution system.
In such an environment it is desirable that the supply be invulnerable to transients which may be present from time to time on the AC mains from which the power is derived. The electricity distribution system is prone to induced transient over- voltage, produced for example by transient events such as lighting, switching or fault clearing. The electrical transmission lines in the distribution system are more likely to be effected by these transient events than cables within a building.
It is commonly known to protect the power supplies of electrical appliances located within buildings by means of varistors for example. However, these protection means are not generally suitable for operating directly from the power transmission lines, for example, at the distribution transformer.
Furthermore, known over-voltage protection means are only capable of protecting an appliance from transient over-voltage amplitude a finite number of times. Any appliances that are not readily accessible but are required to be employed regularly are not usefully protected with such devices because the appliance needs to be accessed to replace the protection means .
Object of the Invention
It is an object of the present invention is to provide a DC power supply which derives its energy from an AC mains supply. Summary of the Invention
According to a first aspect of the invention there is disclosed a DC power supply comprising: a pair of AC input terminals; at least one rectifying means and associated capacitive energy storage means connected across the AC input terminals to provide a first DC voltage; a first capacitor connected in series between said rectifying means and one of said AC input terminals; a first DC/DC converter means connected to the first DC voltage to provide at least two DC voltage outputs; a second capacitive energy storage means charged by a higher one of said DC voltage outputs of the converter means; and a second DC/DC converter means connected between second capacitive energy storage means and a lower one of said DC voltage outputs and arranged to energise said lower output from said second storage means following a drop in output from said first DC/DC converter means.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is disclosed a method of supplying from an AC mains supply a DC output voltage which is held up in the event of interruption to said mains supply, said method comprising the steps of: connecting at least one rectifying circuit across said mains supply, connecting the input of a first DC/DC converter to the output of said rectifying circuit, said first DC/DC converter having at least two DC output voltages of differing magnitudes, charging a capacitive energy storage means from a higher one of said DC output voltages, connecting a second DC/DC converter between said capacitive energy storage means and a lower one of said DC output voltages which comprises said held up DC output voltage, and energising said lower DC output voltage from said capacitive energy storage means following a drop in output from said first DC/DC converter.
According to a third aspect of the invention there is disclosed a voltage limiting arrangement for a mains supplied rectifier, said arrangement comprising a rectifying circuit supplied from said mains supply via a current limiting impedance, and a switch means connected in series with said impedance and in parallel with said rectifying circuit.
Brief Description of the Drawings A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the preferred DC power supply, and Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit illustrating the operating principle of the voltage limiter.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
Referring to FIG 1, the portion of the circuit indicated by I is a capacitive power supply. The magnitude of the capacitor Cl defines the magnitude of the current supplied.
The diode N2 and capacitor C2 constitute a half wave rectifier 26 and can be used as a minimum, however, diode N3 and capacitor C3 are preferably provided so that a full wave rectifier 26 which utilises both halves of the AC mains supply is created. This leads to low losses, and thus high efficiency and high transient energy capability.
A voltage limiting circuit 20 is provided in the form of triac Nl and its associated diac Dl and resistive biasing network. The capacitor Cl also limits the maximum energy delivered to the voltage limiting circuit during transients. A current limiting impedance is also provided in the form of a saturatable inductor LI.
A generalised schematic illustration of voltage limiter 20 is provided in FIG 2 wherein an impedance 23 is disposed in one of the AC mains terminals 21. A switch 24 (representing the triac Nl and associated diac Dl and resistors) is electrically disposed in series with the load 23 across the mains and shunts the rectifier 26. The full wave rectifier 26 is fed via the load 23 to provide a rectified voltage output 27.
In operation, the voltage limiter 20 during each half of the mains power input cycle drives the diac Dl at a predetermined voltage to provide a pulse of current into the gate of the triac Nl which the turns on to shunt the rectifier 26. The timing of the pulse can be predetermined by selecting the properties of diac Dl. This arrangement limits the voltage appearing at the output 27.
The above described circuit constitutes a full wave rectifying circuit 26 which provides a DC voltage output 27 which fluctuates and which constitutes the input voltage to a substantially conventional DC/DC converter 15, indicated by II in Fig. 1. The converter π can be a linear or switching converter and is preferably in the form of a flyback converter and may or may not be isolated. An advantage of this topology is that the rectified voltage can be higher than the peak mains voltage thus leading to good power transfer and efficiency for a given capacitor Cl .
The output of the DC/DC converter (Voutput or No) is applied to a hold-up circuit indicated by ILT in Fig. 1. This has an additional higher voltage output (V storage or Vs) which can be used for powering various parts of the load circuit as well as storing energy in a capacitor C4. Such capacitive energy storage becomes more efficient at higher voltages.
A further, DC DC converter Νl, termed a hold-up converter, (which can also be either a linear converter or a switching converter) is connected as shown between Vs and Vo. It is noted that a plurality of separate output voltages, each of a different magnitude, can be provided if desired.
The converter Νl is normally inactive because it is inhibited as its feedback loop reference value is set below the normal value of Vo. Preferably, the hold-up converter Νl has a very fast feedback loop response which will improve the dynamic response of the DC power supply.
The converter Νl is activated only if Vo drops below a set threshold value such as occurs if mains power is lost or otherwise interrupted. This results in transfer of the energy stored in capacitor C4 to the Vo output. As a consequence the system powered by the Vo line is able to either shut down in an orderly fashion having detected a reduced supply voltage, or is able to ride through a mains interruption if the loss of mains power is only momentary. Preferably, the DC/DC converter Nl is linear thereby enabling it to be designed with a faster response than the primary DC/DC converter II with the consequence that the overall system response of the power supply is improved.
It can be seen that preferred embodiment provides a power supply which allows the orderly shutdown of any equipment during power failure. The embodiment is also advantageous in providing a useful voltage limiter to govern the input voltage to the power supply.
The foregoing describes only one embodiment of the present invention and modifications, obvious to those skilled in the art, can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The term "comprising" is used herein is used in the inclusive sense of "having" or "including" and not in the exclusive sense of "consisting only of.

Claims

1. A DC power supply comprising: a pair of AC input terminals; at least one rectifying means and associated capacitive energy storage means connected across the AC input terminals to provide a first DC voltage; a first capacitor connected in series between said rectifying means and one of said AC input terminals; a first DC/DC converter means connected to the first DC voltage to provide at least two DC voltage outputs; a second capacitive energy storage means charged by a higher one of said DC voltage outputs of the converter means; and a second DC/DC converter means connected between said second capacitive energy storage means and a lower one of said DC voltage outputs and arranged to energise said lower output from said second storage means following a drop in output from said first DC/DC converter means.
2. A DC power supply according to claim 1 wherein said higher DC voltage output is a storage voltage output, and said lower voltage output comprises the main output of said DC power supply.
3. A DC power supply according to claim 1 or 2 including a voltage limiter switch means connected electrically in parallel across said rectifying means.
4. A DC power supply according to claim 2 wherein said voltage limiter includes a triac having a series connected diac and resistor comprising a triggering circuit for said triac.
5. A DC power supply according to any one of claims 1-4 including an inductive current limiting means connected in series with said capacitor.
6. A DC power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein said second DC/DC converter is a linear converter.
7. A DC power supply according to claim 6 wherein said first DC/DC converter means is a flyback converter.
8. A DC power supply according to claim 7 wherein the normal state of the second DC/DC converter is inactive.
9. A method of supplying from an AC mains supply a DC output voltage which is held up in the event of interruption to said mains supply, said method comprising the steps of: connecting at least one rectifying circuit across said mains supply, connecting the input of a first DC/DC converter to the output of said rectifying circuit, said first DC/DC converter having at least two DC output voltages of differing magnitudes, charging a capacitive energy storage means from a higher one of said DC output voltages, connecting a second DC/DC converter between said capacitive energy storage means and a lower one of said DC output voltages which comprises said held up DC output voltage, and energising said lower DC output voltage from said capacitive energy storage means following a drop in output from said first DC/DC converter.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9 including the step of connecting a voltage limiting switch means in parallel with said rectifying circuit.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10 wherein said switch means comprises a triac and including the step of triggering said triac each half cycle of said mains supply via a diac.
12. The method as claimed in any one of claims 9-11 including the step of connecting a capacitor in series between said AC mains supply and said rectifying circuit.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12 including the step of connecting an inductive current limiting means in series with said capacitor.
14. The method as claimed in any one of claims 9-13 including the step of holding said second DC/DC converter inactive unless said held up DC output voltage drops to a predetermined voltage.
15. A voltage limiting arrangement for a mains supplied rectifier, said arrangement comprising a rectifying circuit supplied from said mains supply via a current limiting impedance, and a switch means connected in series with said impedance and in parallel with said rectifying circuit.
16. The arrangement as claimed in claim 15 wherein said switch means is normally open circuit and is switched into a substantially short circuit condition during over voltage conditions of said mains supply.
17. The arrangement as claimed in claim 16 wherein said switch means comprises a triac, and a series connected diac and resistor connected in parallel with said triac, with the gate of said triac being connected to the junction between said diac and resistor.
PCT/AU2002/001489 2001-11-01 2002-11-01 Power supply WO2003038984A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPR8628A AUPR862801A0 (en) 2001-11-01 2001-11-01 Power supply
AUPR8628 2001-11-01

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WO2003038984A1 true WO2003038984A1 (en) 2003-05-08

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1626493A1 (en) * 2004-08-11 2006-02-15 Stmicroelectronics Sa Capacitive power supply
WO2011101779A3 (en) * 2010-02-18 2012-11-29 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Power supply system with reduced power losses, an electronic device and a controller

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4870528A (en) * 1988-09-02 1989-09-26 Harford Jack R Power line surge suppressor
WO1995019654A1 (en) * 1994-01-12 1995-07-20 Magnum Power Solutions Limited Uninterruptible power supply
US5610793A (en) * 1994-07-22 1997-03-11 Pacusma Co. Ltd. No-MOV protection circuitry
US5771161A (en) * 1997-01-10 1998-06-23 Northrop Grumman Corporation Uninterruptable capability for an active power line conditioner
US5786685A (en) * 1997-01-15 1998-07-28 Lockheed Martin Corporation Accurate high voltage energy storage and voltage limiter
US5812383A (en) * 1997-07-31 1998-09-22 Philips Electronics North North America Corporation Low power stand-by for switched-mode power supply circuit with burst mode operation
US5894413A (en) * 1997-01-28 1999-04-13 Sony Corporation Redundant power supply switchover circuit

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4870528A (en) * 1988-09-02 1989-09-26 Harford Jack R Power line surge suppressor
WO1995019654A1 (en) * 1994-01-12 1995-07-20 Magnum Power Solutions Limited Uninterruptible power supply
US5610793A (en) * 1994-07-22 1997-03-11 Pacusma Co. Ltd. No-MOV protection circuitry
US5771161A (en) * 1997-01-10 1998-06-23 Northrop Grumman Corporation Uninterruptable capability for an active power line conditioner
US5786685A (en) * 1997-01-15 1998-07-28 Lockheed Martin Corporation Accurate high voltage energy storage and voltage limiter
US5894413A (en) * 1997-01-28 1999-04-13 Sony Corporation Redundant power supply switchover circuit
US5812383A (en) * 1997-07-31 1998-09-22 Philips Electronics North North America Corporation Low power stand-by for switched-mode power supply circuit with burst mode operation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
"Comparison of Different Power Supplies for Portable DSP Solutions Working from a Single-cell Battery", TEXAS INSTRUMENTS APPLICATION NOTE (NEUHAEUSLER), November 2000 (2000-11-01), SECTION TITLED "BOOST CONVERTER WITH CASCADED BUCK CONVERTER", pages 25 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1626493A1 (en) * 2004-08-11 2006-02-15 Stmicroelectronics Sa Capacitive power supply
US7483280B2 (en) 2004-08-11 2009-01-27 Stmicroelectronics Sa Capacitive power supply circuit and method
WO2011101779A3 (en) * 2010-02-18 2012-11-29 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Power supply system with reduced power losses, an electronic device and a controller

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