US3930096A - Composite porous fabric-impervious film article - Google Patents

Composite porous fabric-impervious film article Download PDF

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Publication number
US3930096A
US3930096A US460983A US46098374A US3930096A US 3930096 A US3930096 A US 3930096A US 460983 A US460983 A US 460983A US 46098374 A US46098374 A US 46098374A US 3930096 A US3930096 A US 3930096A
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Prior art keywords
fabric
layer
impervious film
composite porous
porous fabric
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Expired - Lifetime
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US460983A
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Michael W Gilpatrick
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Deering Milliken Research Corp
Milliken Research Corp
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Milliken Research Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K15/00—Check valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K15/00—Check valves
    • F16K15/14—Check valves with flexible valve members
    • F16K15/1402—Check valves with flexible valve members having an integral flexible member cooperating with a plurality of seating surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
    • B32B2305/026—Porous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
    • B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7838—Plural
    • Y10T137/7839—Dividing and recombining in a single flow path
    • Y10T137/784—Integral resilient member forms plural valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7879—Resilient material valve
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24132—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in different layers or components parallel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24826—Spot bonds connect components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/164—Including a preformed film, foil, or sheet

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 is a top view of the new and novel fabric
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fabric on line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the apparatus employed to manufacture the fabric shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of the fluid flow in both directions through the disclosed fabric.
  • the fabric consists of an open mesh type of woven, non-woven or knitted substrate to which is laminated a non-permeable film material. It should be kept in mind that when fluid flow is discussed it refers to liquid, as well as gaseous flow. Also, the composite fabric is not restricted to any particular fabric construction so long as it meets the requirement that the fluid flow in one direction therethrough is substantially greater than the fluid flow in the opposite direction.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 basically consists of a base layer of a loosely woven 65% polyester 30% cotton fabric 12- to which is laminated at long narrow places 14 a non-permeable film material 16 such as polyethylene. Then the film material is slit longitudinally at 18 to form a series of flaps 20 secured at the longitudinal edges by the strips 14.
  • FIGS. 2 and 4 it can be seen that when a fluid is passed upwardly from the bottom of FIG. 2 to the top, that the flaps 20 will be forced upwardly thereby allowing a large flow rate of fluid to pass therethrough as shown by curve 22 on the graph shown in FIG. 4. Conversely, if the flow should be reversed, the pressure of the fluid will press the flaps 20 against the substrate 12 to substantially cut down the flow of fluid therethrough, as evidenced by curve 24 on FIG. 4. As discussed previously the flow differential between the two will depend -on the permeability of the individual laminated fabrics, fabric construction, etc.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the preferred method of constructing the above fabric.
  • a woven fabric 12 is supplied from a supply roll 26 and is brought together with polyethylene web material 16 at a point between the finned pressure roller 28 and the contact heater 30. The combination of the heat from the heater 30 and the pres sure of the fins 32 provide the laminated strips 14. From the pressure roller the combined fabric is delivered to the slitting knives 34 where the film material is slit at 18 to provide the flaps 20. Then the combined fabric is guided under idler guide roll 36 to the take-up roll 40.
  • the herein disclosed fabric has definite use where it is desired to allow free flow of fluid in one direction but inhibited fluid flow in the opposite direction. It can be seen that such fabric could be used as a check valve, relief dampers, etc.
  • a novel fabric construction comprising: a first layer of porous fabric permeable material and a second layer of substantially impervious film material being heat sealed to said first layer at a plurality of elongated positions to said first layer, said layers of material being unconnected between said plurality of elongated spaced heat sealed positions, said second layer of material being severed between said heat sealed positions to provide a pair of contiguous elongated flap members.

Abstract

A composite fabric structure that has a high resistance to fluid flow therethrough in one direction and a substantially reduced resistance to fluid flow therethrough in the opposite direction.

Description

I United States Patent 1 1 1111 3,930,096 Gilpatrick [4 1 Dec. 30, 1975 [54] COMPOSITE POROUS 3,301,168 11/1967 Schindler et al 137/5l2.15 FABRICJMPERVIOUS FILM ARTICLE 3,446,208 5/1969 Fukuda 128/ 156 3,568,829 3/1971 Brady 206/820 Inventor: Michael Gilpatrick, Chesnee, 3,616,802 11 1971 Marinaccio.. 55 417 S.C. 3,654,060 4/1972 Goldman 161/109 Assigneez Deering Mimken Research 3,858,605 1/1975 Bauer et a1. 157/51215 Corporation, Spartanburg, SC. [22] Filed: Apr. 15, 1974 Primary ExaminerGeorge F. Lesmes Assistant Examiner-R. J. Roche [21] Appl 460983 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Earle R. Marden; H.
William Petty [52] US. Cl. 428/255; 137/512.15; 137/525;
55/417; 210/504; 210/506; 428/114; 428/198; 428/293; 428/294 51 nt. c1. F16K 15 00; B32B 3/00 ABSTRACT [58] Field of Search 161/146, 109, 112, 166;
165/19, 20, 21; 137/512.l5 525; 156/256, A composite fabric structure that has a high resistance 257, 259, 270, 271; 210/504; 55/417; to fluid flow therethrough in one direction and a sub- 206/393; 428/114, 255, 198, 293, 294 stantially reduced resistance to fluid flow therethrough in the opposite direction. [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS l Claim, 4 Drawing Figures Bunyan 128/156 US. Patent Dec.30, 1975 Sheet 1 of2 3,930,096
AIR PERMEABILITY (SCFM PER FTZ) US. Patent Dec. 30, 1975 Sheet20f2 3,930,096
FORWARD DIRECTION\ x x? BACKWARD l 24 ,D|RECT|ON I I o \V' I I Z o.
I X! I d PRESSURE DROP (INCHES H2O) TYPICAL RESPONSE CURVE COMPOSITE POROUS FABRIC-IMPERVIOUS FILM ARTICLE It is the object of the invention to provide a new and novel fabric which will readily allow fluid flow therethrough in one direction but inhibits fluid flow therethrough in the opposite direction.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become readily apparent as the specification proceeds to describe the invention with reference to the accom panying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a top view of the new and novel fabric;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fabric on line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the apparatus employed to manufacture the fabric shown in FIGS. 1 and 2; and
FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of the fluid flow in both directions through the disclosed fabric.
In the preferred form of the invention the fabric consists of an open mesh type of woven, non-woven or knitted substrate to which is laminated a non-permeable film material. It should be kept in mind that when fluid flow is discussed it refers to liquid, as well as gaseous flow. Also, the composite fabric is not restricted to any particular fabric construction so long as it meets the requirement that the fluid flow in one direction therethrough is substantially greater than the fluid flow in the opposite direction.
Fabric in FIGS. 1 and 2 basically consists of a base layer of a loosely woven 65% polyester 30% cotton fabric 12- to which is laminated at long narrow places 14 a non-permeable film material 16 such as polyethylene. Then the film material is slit longitudinally at 18 to form a series of flaps 20 secured at the longitudinal edges by the strips 14.
Looking at FIGS. 2 and 4 it can be seen that when a fluid is passed upwardly from the bottom of FIG. 2 to the top, that the flaps 20 will be forced upwardly thereby allowing a large flow rate of fluid to pass therethrough as shown by curve 22 on the graph shown in FIG. 4. Conversely, if the flow should be reversed, the pressure of the fluid will press the flaps 20 against the substrate 12 to substantially cut down the flow of fluid therethrough, as evidenced by curve 24 on FIG. 4. As discussed previously the flow differential between the two will depend -on the permeability of the individual laminated fabrics, fabric construction, etc.
FIG. 3 illustrates the preferred method of constructing the above fabric. A woven fabric 12 is supplied from a supply roll 26 and is brought together with polyethylene web material 16 at a point between the finned pressure roller 28 and the contact heater 30. The combination of the heat from the heater 30 and the pres sure of the fins 32 provide the laminated strips 14. From the pressure roller the combined fabric is delivered to the slitting knives 34 where the film material is slit at 18 to provide the flaps 20. Then the combined fabric is guided under idler guide roll 36 to the take-up roll 40.
It can be seen that the herein disclosed fabric has definite use where it is desired to allow free flow of fluid in one direction but inhibited fluid flow in the opposite direction. It can be seen that such fabric could be used as a check valve, relief dampers, etc.
Although the preferred embodiment of the invention has been described specifically, it is contemplated that many changes may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, and it is desired that the invention be limited only by the scope of the claims.
That which is claimed is:
l. A novel fabric construction comprising: a first layer of porous fabric permeable material and a second layer of substantially impervious film material being heat sealed to said first layer at a plurality of elongated positions to said first layer, said layers of material being unconnected between said plurality of elongated spaced heat sealed positions, said second layer of material being severed between said heat sealed positions to provide a pair of contiguous elongated flap members.

Claims (1)

1. A NOVEL FABRIC CONSTRUCTION COMPRISING: A FIRST LAYER OF POROUS FABRIC PERMEABLE MATERIAL AND A SECOND LAYER OF SUBSTANTIALLY IMPERVIOUS FILM MATERIAL BEING HEAT SEALED TO SAID FIRST LAYER AT A PLURALITY OF ELONGATED POSITIONS TO SAID FIRST LAYER, SAID LAYERS OF MATERIAL BEING UNCONNECTED BETWEEN SAID PLURALITY OF ELONGATED SPACED HEAT SEALED POSITIONS, SAID SECOND LAYER OF MATERIAL BEING SEVERED BETWEEN SAID HEAT SEALED POSITIONS TO PROVIDE A PAIR OF CONTIGUOUS ELONGATED FLAP MEMBERS.
US460983A 1974-04-15 1974-04-15 Composite porous fabric-impervious film article Expired - Lifetime US3930096A (en)

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4488961A (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-12-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company One-way filter unit
US4645500A (en) * 1984-11-23 1987-02-24 Craig Medical Products Limited Non-return valve assembly
US4763686A (en) * 1988-01-22 1988-08-16 Halliburton Company Hydrant and components thereof
US4770203A (en) * 1988-01-22 1988-09-13 Halliburton Company Hydrant and components thereof
US4791952A (en) * 1988-01-22 1988-12-20 Halliburton Company Hydrant and components thereof
US5117999A (en) * 1989-01-12 1992-06-02 Canzano Pasquale S Low pressure relief valve for fixed and movable systems
US5842503A (en) * 1996-08-16 1998-12-01 The Excello Specialty Company Integrally formed air flow valve
US20190231943A1 (en) * 2017-06-07 2019-08-01 Kci Licensing, Inc. Peel And Place Dressing For Thick Exudate And Instillation
US11179275B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2021-11-23 Kci Licensing, Inc. Methods for manufacturing and assembling dual material tissue interface for negative-pressure therapy
US11179512B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2021-11-23 Kci Licensing, Inc. Multi-layer wound filler for extended wear time
US11207217B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2021-12-28 Kci Licensing, Inc. Methods for manufacturing and assembling dual material tissue interface for negative-pressure therapy
US11351063B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2022-06-07 Kci Licensing, Inc. Composite dressings for improved granulation and reduced maceration with negative-pressure treatment
US11432966B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2022-09-06 Kci Licensing, Inc. Composite dressings for improved granulation and reduced maceration with negative-pressure treatment
US11471584B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2022-10-18 Kci Licensing, Inc. Composite dressings for improved granulation and reduced maceration with negative-pressure treatment
US11471332B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2022-10-18 Kci Licensing, Inc. Systems, apparatuses, and methods for negative-pressure treatment with reduced tissue in-growth
US11607342B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2023-03-21 Kci Licensing, Inc. Peel and place dressing for negative-pressure therapy
US11819387B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2023-11-21 Kci Licensing, Inc. Composite dressings for improved granulation and reduced maceration with negative-pressure treatment

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2877765A (en) * 1956-07-13 1959-03-17 Bunyan John Surgical dressings, bandages and the like
US3301168A (en) * 1963-04-18 1967-01-31 Luwa Ag Quick closure mechanism for the air passage openings of shelters and the like
US3446208A (en) * 1965-08-13 1969-05-27 Sumitomo Chemical Co Porous polyolefin gauze
US3568829A (en) * 1969-10-01 1971-03-09 William H Brady Jr Bifunctional label storage card
US3616802A (en) * 1969-08-20 1971-11-02 Frank A Marinaccio Filtering device
US3654060A (en) * 1969-12-29 1972-04-04 Fibre Products Lab Inc Absorbent slitted multi-ply films
US3858605A (en) * 1972-12-22 1975-01-07 Hoerbiger Ventilwerke Ag Lamellar valve

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2877765A (en) * 1956-07-13 1959-03-17 Bunyan John Surgical dressings, bandages and the like
US3301168A (en) * 1963-04-18 1967-01-31 Luwa Ag Quick closure mechanism for the air passage openings of shelters and the like
US3446208A (en) * 1965-08-13 1969-05-27 Sumitomo Chemical Co Porous polyolefin gauze
US3616802A (en) * 1969-08-20 1971-11-02 Frank A Marinaccio Filtering device
US3568829A (en) * 1969-10-01 1971-03-09 William H Brady Jr Bifunctional label storage card
US3654060A (en) * 1969-12-29 1972-04-04 Fibre Products Lab Inc Absorbent slitted multi-ply films
US3858605A (en) * 1972-12-22 1975-01-07 Hoerbiger Ventilwerke Ag Lamellar valve

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4488961A (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-12-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company One-way filter unit
US4645500A (en) * 1984-11-23 1987-02-24 Craig Medical Products Limited Non-return valve assembly
US4763686A (en) * 1988-01-22 1988-08-16 Halliburton Company Hydrant and components thereof
US4770203A (en) * 1988-01-22 1988-09-13 Halliburton Company Hydrant and components thereof
US4791952A (en) * 1988-01-22 1988-12-20 Halliburton Company Hydrant and components thereof
US5117999A (en) * 1989-01-12 1992-06-02 Canzano Pasquale S Low pressure relief valve for fixed and movable systems
US5842503A (en) * 1996-08-16 1998-12-01 The Excello Specialty Company Integrally formed air flow valve
US20190231943A1 (en) * 2017-06-07 2019-08-01 Kci Licensing, Inc. Peel And Place Dressing For Thick Exudate And Instillation
US11179275B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2021-11-23 Kci Licensing, Inc. Methods for manufacturing and assembling dual material tissue interface for negative-pressure therapy
US11179512B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2021-11-23 Kci Licensing, Inc. Multi-layer wound filler for extended wear time
US11207217B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2021-12-28 Kci Licensing, Inc. Methods for manufacturing and assembling dual material tissue interface for negative-pressure therapy
US11351063B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2022-06-07 Kci Licensing, Inc. Composite dressings for improved granulation and reduced maceration with negative-pressure treatment
US11432966B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2022-09-06 Kci Licensing, Inc. Composite dressings for improved granulation and reduced maceration with negative-pressure treatment
US11471584B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2022-10-18 Kci Licensing, Inc. Composite dressings for improved granulation and reduced maceration with negative-pressure treatment
US11471332B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2022-10-18 Kci Licensing, Inc. Systems, apparatuses, and methods for negative-pressure treatment with reduced tissue in-growth
US11576821B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2023-02-14 Kci Licensing, Inc. Methods for manufacturing and assembling dual material tissue interface for negative-pressure therapy
US11607342B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2023-03-21 Kci Licensing, Inc. Peel and place dressing for negative-pressure therapy
US11690766B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2023-07-04 Kci Licensing, Inc. Composite dressings for improved granulation and reduced maceration with negative-pressure treatment
US11819387B2 (en) 2017-06-07 2023-11-21 Kci Licensing, Inc. Composite dressings for improved granulation and reduced maceration with negative-pressure treatment

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