1305699 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種太陽能光伏系統電源轉換器，尤 其是指一種除可將太陽能電池光電轉換效率達到最高的 利用外，還可減少電路成本，以提高產品競爭力，達到綠 色能源精神，增加太陽能發電效益，利於太陽能光伏系統 應用推廣者。 【先前技術】 按’現有之太陽能光伏系統係如第一圖所示’該太陽 能電池陣列（11)經過直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器（12)、電壓 電流感測器（13)以及最大功率追蹤控制器（14)、閘極驅動 器（15)提供電源供蓄電池（16)使用；同時，當該太陽能光 伏系統欲將其由太陽光能轉換而成之電能供給消費大眾 使用時’須於直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器（12)的輸出端接設 直流/交流變頻器（17)。然而，此系統於實際實施使用上 具有以下缺點： 1. 直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器（12)需外加輔助電源（141)來 驅動功率晶體。 2. 最大功率追蹤控制器（14)需藉由外加輔助電源（141)， 經過橋式整流電路（142)及可產生不同降伏電壓之穩壓 IC(143)、（144)降壓穩定後，所得之工作電壓輸出至最 大功率追蹤控制器（14)、電壓電流感測器（13)及閘極驅 動器（15)，使最大功率追蹤控制器（14)、電壓電流感測 器（13)及閘極驅動器（15)正常工作。 3. 太陽光照度低時，最大功率追縱控制器（14)與直流/直 流（DC/DC)轉換器（12)中之功率晶體仍繼續維持動作， 1305699 造成功率上不必要的損失。 4. 蓄電池（16)在備載狀況除了佔空間外，還有壽命問題必 需定期更換，增加發電成本以及廢棄蓄電池（16)之環境 環保問題。 5. 由太陽能電池陣列（11)作為能源的來源，但是電路裡閘 極驅動器（15)、最大功率追蹤控制器（14)，及電壓電流 感測器（13)…等都必須外加由市電整流降壓進來的輔 助電振（141)提供電力來源，這樣一來與綠色能源真正 的精神互相矛盾，並使電路元件過多，價格提高。 【發明内容】 今’本發明主要即是為改善現有太陽能光伏系統上述 所歹i之缺失’而提供一種除可將太陽能電池光電轉換效率 達到最鬲的利用外，還可減少電路成本，以提高產品競爭 達到綠色能源精神’增加太陽能發電效益，利於太陽 月b光伏系統應用推廣之太陽能光伏系統電源轉換器。 。為了達到上述目的，本發明之太陽能光伏系統電源轉 換器，。。係由直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器耦合出最大功率追蹤 控制器與閘極驅動器所需的工作電壓，並從直流/直流 (DC/DC)轉換器輸出端，擷取出電流與電壓信號，送入最 大功率追蹤控制器，再藉由最大功率追蹤控制 器内建的程 式來$斷不同照度變化下t太陽能電池陣列最佳的功率 =作點，由此達到最大功率追蹤以及輸出電壓穩定之功 【實施方式】 ^令本發明所運狀技_容、發明目的及其達成之 工^更完整且清楚的揭露’兹於下詳細說明之，並請〆 1305699 併參閱所揭之圖式及圖號： 首先’請參閱第二圖、第三圖及第四圖所示，本發明 之太陽能光伏系統電源轉換器，係由直流/直流（Dc/Dc)轉 換器（2)之耦合電感（21)產生輕合繞組電壓，並在直流/直 流（DC/DC)轉換器（2)輸出端設有一感測電阻（22 )，以將該 感測電阻（22)二端之電壓分別輸出至電壓電流感測器（3) 之電壓感測器（31)及電流感測器（32)，再分別藉電壓感測 器（31)及電流感測器（32)擷取出電壓與電流信號，並將所 掏取之電壓與電流信號供給最大功率追蹤控制器（4)與閘 極驅動器（5)，使最大功率追蹤控制器（4)與閘極驅動器（5) 得到所需的工作電壓及電流，再藉由最大功率追蹤控制器 (4)内建的程式來判斷不同照度變化下之太陽能電池陣列 (6)最佳的功率工作點，使該太陽能電池陣列（6)能夠工作 在最大功率點，以作最大功率之輸出；另外，該受最大功 率追蹤控制器（4)輸出控制之閘極驅動器將最佳的功 率工作點以PWM【脈波寬度調變】脈波輸出，且以此pwM 脈波輸出提供在直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器（2)中之功率晶 體（23)【MOSFET】的驅動信號，俾當低照度時，最大功率 追蹤控制器（4)進入睡眠狀態，並將功率晶體（23)除能， 減少損失’以達到節能控制之目的。 據此，虽欲將該太陽能光伏系統所轉換之電能以直流 電型式供給消費者使用時【以下請一併參閱第五圖〜第七 圖所示】，須在直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器（2)輸出端處接 設一感測電阻（71)及一蓄電池（72)，利用該感測電阻（71) 及蓄電池（72)模擬一變動負載（7)，以當直流/直流（DC/DC) 轉換器（2)輸出端電壓大於蓄電池（72)的端電壓時，直流/ 1305699 直流（DC/DC)轉換器（2)輸出電流除了流經感測電阻（71) 之外，其餘的電流將流進蓄電池（72)，以對蓄電池（72)充 電；反之，若直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器（2)輸出電壓小於 蓄電池（72)上之端電壓時，除直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器（2) 輸出之電流會流經該感測電阻（71)之外，因此時之蓄電池 (72)相當於為一個電源，所以蓄電池（72)將對該感測電阻 (71)放電，而由於蓄電池（72)在放電及充電時的電壓變動 是非常的緩慢，因此由此特性可以視直流/直流（DC/DC)轉 換器（2)輸出端所輸出之電壓為一穩定之電壓【如第八圖 所示】’同時將此一穩定之輸出電壓供給予電壓電流感測 器（3)、最大功率追蹤控制器（4)及閘極驅動器（5)，使其 不需再外加由市電整流降壓進來的辅助電源，已達綠色能 源真正之精神。 而當欲將該太陽能光伏系統所轉換之電能以交流電 型式供給消費者使用時【請參閱第九圖所示】，須在直流 /直流（DC/DC)轉換器（2)輸出端處接設直流/交流變頻器 (8)，以將該直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器（2)輸出之直流電經 直流/交流變頻器（8)轉換成交流電，形成一般所謂之市 電。 經由以上的實施說明，可知本發明具有如下所列之各 項優點： 1.由於本發明擷取直流/直流⑽⑽轉換器的輸出功率 以及輸出電壓信號變化率，透過最大功料蹤控制器來 驅動功率晶體，並以擾動觀察法對直流/直流（DC/DC)轉 換器作責任週期的調變，達到阻抗匹配的目的，使得太 陽月b電池陣列㈣卫作在最大功率點，故，可將太陽能 1305699 電池做最大功率輸出以及對太陽能光伏系統進行節能 控制。 2.由於本發明係直接以直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器輸出端 之輸出電壓，作為電壓電流感測器、最大功率追蹤控制 器及閘極驅動器之電能來源，而令該太陽能光伏系統電 源轉換器只需唯一之太陽能電池電源，無須再於電路中 外加任何辅助電源，達到綠色能源真正之精神。 3·因本發明之太陽能光伏系統本身並未使用到蓄電池，因 此並無佔用空間，及必需定期更換之壽命問題，不會增 加發電成本以及廢棄蓄電池之環境環保問題。 4. 菖本發明欲將該太％能光伏系統所轉換之電能以直流 電型式供給消費者使用時，係利用在直流/直流（DC/DC) 轉換器輸出端處接設之感測電阻及蓄電池模擬一變動 負載，以當直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器輸出端電壓大於或 小於蓄電池的端電壓時，可對蓄電池進行充電或放電動 作，加上蓄電池在放電及充電時的電壓變動是非常的緩 慢，因此可在直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器輸出端得到一穩 定之電壓。 5. 當本發明之太陽能光伏系統所轉換之電能欲以交流電 型式供給消費者使用時，則只需在直流/直流（DC/DC)轉 換器之輸出端處接設直流/交流變頻器，以將該直流/直 流（DC/DC)轉換器輸出之直流電經直流/交流變頻器 轉換成交流電。 綜上所述，本發明實施例確能達到所預期之使用功 效，又其所揭露之具體構造，不僅未曾見諸於同類產品 中’亦未曾公開於申請前，誠已完全符合專利法之規定與 1305699 要求，爰依法提出發明專利之申請，懇請惠予審查，並賜 准專利，則實感德便。 1305699 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖··現有之太陽能光伏系統電源轉換器方塊圖 第二圖：本發明之太陽能光伏系統電源轉換器方塊圖 第三圖：本發明之太陽能光伏系統電源轉換器控制電 路圖 第四圖：本發明之電路作動時其功率晶體的VDS電壓 波形圖 第五圖：本發明將該太陽能光伏系統所轉換之電能以 直流電型式供給消費者使用時之示意圖 _ 第六圖：本發明直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器輸出端電壓 大於蓄電池端電壓之電流流向示意圖 第七圖：本發明直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器輸出端電壓 小於蓄電池端電壓之電流流向示意圖 第八圖：本發明之電路作動時直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換 器輸出端之輸出電壓V。波形圖 第九圖：本發明將該太陽能光伏系統所轉換之電能以 交流電型式供給消費者使用時之示意圖 ® 【主要元件符號說明】 . <現有> (11) 太陽能電池陣列 (12) 直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器 (13) 電壓電流感測器 (14) 最大功率追蹤控制器 (141)辅助電源 1305699 G42)橋式整流電路 (143) 穩壓 ic (144) 穩壓 ic (15) 閘極驅動器 (16) 蓄電池 〇7)直流/交流變頻器 <本發明> (2) 直流/直流（DC/DC)轉換器 ^21)耦合電感 (22) 感測電阻 (23) 功率晶體 (3) 電壓電流感測器 (31) 電壓感測器 (32) 電流感測器 (4) 最大功率追蹤控制器 (5) 閘極驅動器 (6) 太陽能電池陣列 ⑺ 變動負載 (71) 感測電阻 (72) 蓄電池 (8) 直流/交流變頻器 121305699 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a solar photovoltaic system power converter, and more particularly to a circuit that can reduce the circuit cost by maximizing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. In order to improve product competitiveness, achieve the spirit of green energy, increase the efficiency of solar power generation, and benefit the application of solar photovoltaic system. [Prior Art] According to the 'existing solar photovoltaic system as shown in the first figure', the solar array (11) passes through a direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter (12), a voltage current sensor (13), and The maximum power tracking controller (14) and the gate driver (15) provide power for the battery (16); meanwhile, when the solar photovoltaic system intends to supply the solar energy converted from solar energy to the consumer, A DC/AC converter (17) is connected to the output of the DC/DC converter (12). However, this system has the following disadvantages in practical implementation: 1. A DC/DC converter (12) requires an auxiliary power supply (141) to drive the power crystal. 2. The maximum power tracking controller (14) needs to be stepped down by the auxiliary auxiliary power supply (141) through the bridge rectifier circuit (142) and the voltage regulator ICs (143) and (144) that can generate different voltages. The obtained working voltage is output to the maximum power tracking controller (14), the voltage current sensor (13) and the gate driver (15), so that the maximum power tracking controller (14), the voltage current sensor (13) and The gate driver (15) works normally. 3. When the solar irradiance is low, the power crystals in the maximum power tracking controller (14) and the DC/DC converter (12) continue to operate, and 1305699 causes unnecessary loss of power. 4. In addition to the space occupied by the battery (16), there are life problems that must be replaced regularly, increasing the cost of power generation and the environmental protection of the waste battery (16). 5. The solar array (11) is used as the source of energy, but the gate driver (15), the maximum power tracking controller (14), and the voltage and current sensor (13)... must be added by the mains rectifier. The auxiliary electric vibration (141) that is stepped down provides a source of power, which in turn contradicts the true spirit of green energy, and causes too many circuit components to increase the price. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is mainly to improve the reliability of the above-mentioned solar photovoltaic system, and to provide a solar cell photoelectric conversion efficiency to the ultimate utilization, and also to reduce the circuit cost to improve Product competition to achieve the spirit of green energy 'increasing the efficiency of solar power generation, conducive to the solar photovoltaic system power converter for solar moon b photovoltaic system application. . In order to achieve the above object, the solar photovoltaic system power converter of the present invention. . The DC/DC converter couples the operating voltage required by the maximum power tracking controller and the gate driver, and extracts the current and voltage signals from the DC/DC converter output. , send the maximum power tracking controller, and then use the built-in program of the maximum power tracking controller to break the optimal power of the solar array under different illumination changes = to achieve maximum power tracking and output voltage stability.实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施And figure number: First, please refer to the second, third and fourth figures. The solar photovoltaic system power converter of the present invention is a coupled inductor of a DC/DC converter (2). (21) generating a light-winding winding voltage, and providing a sensing resistor (22) at the output end of the DC/DC converter (2) to respectively output the voltages of the two ends of the sensing resistor (22) Voltage to voltage current sensor (3) The detector (31) and the current sensor (32) respectively extract voltage and current signals by using a voltage sensor (31) and a current sensor (32), and supply the drawn voltage and current signals. The maximum power tracking controller (4) and the gate driver (5) enable the maximum power tracking controller (4) and the gate driver (5) to obtain the required operating voltage and current, and then use the maximum power tracking controller ( 4) a built-in program to determine the optimal power operating point of the solar array (6) under different illumination changes, so that the solar array (6) can operate at the maximum power point for maximum power output; The gate driver controlled by the output of the maximum power tracking controller (4) will output the optimal power operating point with PWM [pulse width modulation] pulse wave, and provide the DC/DC (DC) with this pwM pulse wave output. /DC) The drive signal of the power crystal (23) [MOSFET] in the converter (2), when the low illumination, the maximum power tracking controller (4) goes to sleep, and the power crystal (23) is disabled, Reduce losses' to achieve energy-saving control . Accordingly, although the electric energy converted by the solar photovoltaic system is to be supplied to the consumer in a direct current type (hereinafter referred to as the fifth to seventh figures), it must be converted in direct current/direct current (DC/DC). A sensing resistor (71) and a battery (72) are connected to the output end of the device (2), and the sensing resistor (71) and the battery (72) are used to simulate a variable load (7) to be DC/DC ( DC/DC) When the output voltage of the converter (2) is greater than the terminal voltage of the battery (72), the DC / 1305699 DC (DC/DC) converter (2) output current flows in addition to the sense resistor (71). The remaining current will flow into the battery (72) to charge the battery (72); conversely, if the DC/DC converter (2) output voltage is less than the terminal voltage on the battery (72), except DC / DC (DC / DC) converter (2) The output current will flow outside the sense resistor (71), so the battery (72) is equivalent to a power supply, so the battery (72) will feel the sense The resistance (71) is discharged, and the voltage variation of the battery (72) during discharge and charging is very slow. This characteristic can be regarded as a stable voltage outputted from the output of the DC/DC converter (2) [as shown in the eighth figure] 'At the same time, a stable output voltage is supplied to the voltage. The current sensor (3), the maximum power tracking controller (4) and the gate driver (5) make it unnecessary to add an auxiliary power source that is stepped down by the mains rectifier, which has reached the true spirit of green energy. When the electric energy converted by the solar photovoltaic system is to be supplied to the consumer in an alternating current mode (refer to FIG. 9), it must be connected at the output end of the direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter (2). The DC/AC converter (8) converts the DC power output from the DC/DC converter (2) into an AC power through a DC/AC converter (8) to form a so-called mains. Through the above implementation description, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Since the present invention draws the output power of the DC/DC (10) (10) converter and the rate of change of the output voltage signal, it is driven by the maximum power trace controller. The power crystal, and the disturbance observation method is used to adjust the duty cycle of the DC/DC converter to achieve the purpose of impedance matching, so that the solar moon b battery array (4) is at the maximum power point, so it can be Solar 1305699 battery for maximum power output and energy-saving control of solar photovoltaic systems. 2. Since the invention directly uses the output voltage of the output of the direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter as a source of electrical energy for the voltage current sensor, the maximum power tracking controller and the gate driver, the solar photovoltaic system is The power converter only needs the only solar battery power supply, and no need to add any auxiliary power supply to the circuit to achieve the true spirit of green energy. 3. Since the solar photovoltaic system of the present invention does not use the battery itself, there is no space occupation, and the life problem of periodic replacement is required, and the power generation cost and the environmental protection problem of the waste battery are not increased. 4. The present invention is intended to supply the electrical energy converted by the solar energy system to the consumer in a direct current mode, using a sensing resistor and a battery connected at the output of the direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter. Simulating a variable load to charge or discharge the battery when the voltage at the output of the DC/DC converter is greater or less than the terminal voltage of the battery, plus the voltage variation of the battery during discharge and charging is Very slow, so a stable voltage is available at the DC/DC converter output. 5. When the converted solar energy of the solar photovoltaic system of the present invention is to be supplied to the consumer in an alternating current mode, it is only necessary to connect the DC/AC converter at the output of the DC/DC converter to The direct current output from the direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter is converted into alternating current by a direct current/alternating current frequency converter. In summary, the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the expected use efficiency, and the specific structure disclosed therein has not been seen in the same product and has not been disclosed before the application, and has completely complied with the provisions of the Patent Law. With the requirement of 1305699, if you apply for an invention patent in accordance with the law, you are welcome to review it and grant a patent. 1305699 [Simple description of the diagram] The first picture · The existing solar photovoltaic system power converter block diagram Second diagram: The solar photovoltaic system power converter block diagram of the present invention The third diagram: the solar photovoltaic system power converter of the present invention FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the VDS voltage waveform of the power crystal when the circuit of the present invention is actuated. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for supplying the electric energy converted by the solar photovoltaic system to a consumer in a direct current mode _ sixth figure: The current flow direction of the output voltage of the DC/DC converter of the present invention is greater than the voltage of the battery terminal. The seventh diagram: the current flow direction of the output voltage of the DC/DC converter of the present invention is less than the voltage of the battery terminal. Figure 8: Output voltage V at the output of a DC/DC converter when the circuit of the present invention is actuated. The ninth diagram of the waveform diagram: The schematic diagram of the present invention for supplying the electrical energy converted by the solar photovoltaic system to the consumer in an alternating current mode® [Major component symbol description] . <Existing> (11) Solar cell array (12) DC /DC (DC/DC) Converter (13) Voltage and Current Sense (14) Maximum Power Tracking Controller (141) Auxiliary Power Supply 1305699 G42) Bridge Rectifier Circuit (143) Regulated ic (144) Regulated ic ( 15) Gate driver (16) Battery 〇 7) DC/AC converter <The present invention> (2) DC/DC converter (21) Coupled inductor (22) Sense resistor (23) Power Crystal (3) Voltage and Current Sense (31) Voltage Sense (32) Current Sense (4) Maximum Power Tracking Controller (5) Gate Driver (6) Solar Cell Array (7) Variable Load (71) Sense Resistor (72) Battery (8) DC/AC Converter 12