200827974 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 . 本發明係關於一種太陽能系統之功率追蹤系統及其方法，尤 • 指一種運用太陽能為發電之系統及其方法。 【先前技術】 由於工業的高度發展與人口的遽增，地球的能源正以史無前 例的速度消耗。一些撐起人類近幾百年文明的能源，將於我們數 代後枯竭。地球的石油僅能使我們再使4〇〜5〇年，天然氣尚有 ⑼年左右而鈾則有7〇年礦藏，煤礦較長但也僅有2〇〇年。這些短 暫的日才間對人類往後文明的悠悠歲月，實在微不足道。開發出新 此源將疋緊迫且必要之舉，其巾再生能源是人_能源希望。 >再生能源是指風力、太陽能、水力、生物質能、氮能、地熱、 海洋温差、海浪與潮⑽_。其巾A部份再生能源大都有地域 i. T ’只有太陽能是最普遍缝小型化的能源。以個觀點，太 陽月匕有由於具有：⑴、安全可靠，㈣音，無污染、（2)、 =易直接造成地球之溫室效應、（3)、所需能量隨處可得，無 需消耗燃料無機械轉動部件。⑷、維護簡便，使用壽命長； 建設週期短’規模大小雜、⑸、可以無人射，也無需架 設輸電線路、⑹、偏遠地區能源代價低、⑺、方便盘建 杀物相結合等優點，目此普受能源業者重视。 ^陽▲光電轉換大約可分成三種，太陽能電池、太陽能幅射 能分解水作發魏料。其中大型發電使録射最經濟，而 200827974 中小型應賴疋使社陽能電池。太陽能電池為半導體材料，利 用太陽能的光能照射，在半導體表面形成電流，經儲存成直流電 ， 源或轉換成交流電並聯至電網供電。 • 太陽光電能利用的主要關鍵技術是（A)太陽能電池（太陽 能板（B)最大功率追蹤與取得（c)蓄電池充電技術（d)放 電系統技術四種。太陽能電池為半導體製程，一般包括單晶、多 晶與非晶系太陽能電池三種，此外可撓式或錢太陽能電池也在 f積極地進展中，目前商用太陽能板最大的光電轉換效率約在壞 以下。而最大功率追縱與取得是#界目前投人較多·，急待改 善的重點科技。中小型辨的太陽㈣統與大型太陽能發電系统 的孤島運轉最重要的儲能媒介是蓄電池，太陽能的蓄電池充電技 術是關鍵而不可或缺的-環。而放電系統技術隨著使用者對太陽 能放電品質要求的日益升高，愈來愈雜重要性。 太陽能是-辦理想性的再生能源，隨著日照魏、角度與 〔溫度產生的電力而有輯财同。亦即表示太是變動性的再 生此源，每辦間點能量的生射能砰，必翻以最大功率追 縱，才能獲取太陽能電池所轉換最A的電能。—般魏是以電屢、 電流與時間方式呈現，是以系鱗以此變數操作太陽能的最大功 率追蹤與取得。 由於太陽能電池的電壓與電流並不呈線性，不同大氣環境， 會因曰照與溫度而有獨的工作曲線。如第一圖所示，強曰照、中 日照與弱日照都有各別的電㈣流曲線。再以太陽能板的功率電 >1圖觀察，如第二圖所示，每一條工作曲線都有一個最大功率點， 6 200827974 ♦ 也就是取得太陽能板最大能量的地方。透過各種最大功率追蹤技 術，追蹤隨著環境而時間點各異的最大功率電電壓電流狀態，並 •快速取得其能量注入系統。傳統習知的最大功率追蹤技術包括 * A、電壓迴授法。B、功率迴授法。C、擾動觀察法。D、增量 電導法。E、直線近似法。f、實際量測法六種。 其中最常使用是屬「擾動觀察法」，其系統如第三圖所示。 結構簡單且量測參數較少，已普遍應用於太陽能最大功率系統 ， 中。基本架構是藉著週期性的增加或減少負載（5 )的大小，以 改變太陽能板（1 )的端賴及追縱演算（2 )其輸出功率。觀 祭比#乂兩者的差異，再決定下一個週期增加或減少負載（5)大 小。輸出功率如果變大，則將負載（5 )作相同趨勢的調整變動； 反之，輸出功率變小，則在下—俩期改變錄縣方向。如此 反覆的振紐動與觀察比較之，將可趨近太陽能電池的最大功率 點。 ( 「擾動觀察」最大功率追縱法最_處是藉控制直流/直流 (DC/DC)轉換器⑷的工作週期（崎加咖值，改變輸出端 的負載來回振盡擾動太陽能板的輸出電壓，追縱並達到太陽能電 池的取大功麵。當到達最大功率闕近，振盪擾動並不停止， 繼績在其左右振盪。#日照強度、環境與溫度改變時，太陽 ，系統操作的最大功率點立即改變，振盪擾動也立即響應，新的 隶大功率點追5從再次運作。 ' DC/DC轉麵是*域與電容電路加上二_與電子開關组 成，可使用傾式、降壓式與升降壓式直流/直流轉換器，配合剛 7 200827974 (3 )或PFM提t、脈衝5孔號。藉控制開關比例時間，調整輸出端 的負載’追縱最大功率點。 超电谷具有優秀的儲能特性，使用於太陽能裝置可增加效 率循％舞命、免維修與延長運作時間等優點。美國專利 2004/_982所述及的太陽能充電系統，就是採用雙層電容（即 超電容)作為儲能器，以DC/DC轉換器調節控制，追縱最大功率點。 超電容在很多電子電力應用上都扮演取代電池的角色，如RTC備 用記憶與太陽能LED燈。以往超電容能量密度遠低電池，在儲能 應用受到關。喊幾年超電容能量密度提昇迅速，替代電池處 處^見。太陽能系統的直流f電都逐漸考慮置人超電容，尤其是 j最大=率點追縱。美國專利雇/〇3i2i〇2號更提出具效率太陽 月b系先最大功率充電至超電容電路’設計出—電路即可作最大功 率追喊疋功率充電超電容。又，超電容概分成能量釋放型與瞬 間功糊兩種’ w者特性趨向電池，⑽存能量為主。由於是物 儲^其使用奇命與可靠度遠比化學反應的電池來的高。而後 可提供強大功率為主，特性類似電容^，具瞬間爆發 性。本發暇功相超電容串接於太陽能板盘直 ’繼™、快速反應特性，作 陽H夫况下的此置進出儲能器。建構新式、即時及有效率的太 此外利_大功率追縱方法設計出- ^孓的協调式太陽能裝置系統。 200827974 【發明内容】 本4月主要目的疋提出一種新式的太陽能系統之最大功率追 縱方法及裝置’我㈣之「Peter 之场能最大功 率追縱法」’可使用於所有的太陽能系統。該方法主要是加入一 種瞬間功率型超級電容器，以動態平衡，藉由改變直流/直流 (DC/DC)轉換器的工作週期(崎加咖值，並觀察超級電‘ 電壓變化情形’決定下—次直流/直流(DG/DC)轉換器的工作週期 (duty ratio) D值的調整方向，只需監控超級電容的電壓值，不 需偵測電流’真正計算太陽能祕的輪出功率，震絲回追縱最 主要包括： 至於本發明之太陽能系統之功率追蹤系統， 一太陽能板： 一瞬間功率型超級電容器： 電能至直 為動態平衡的儲能器，接受太陽能板輪出能量而輸出 流/直流(DC/DC)轉換器； 一直流/直流(DC/DC)轉換器： 可調整太陽系統輸出電壓及能量； 一脈寬調變驅動器： 傳遞脈衝訊號控制直流/直流(DC/DC)轉換器。 【實施方式】 —以下藉由圖式說明本發明之内容、特點以及實施例，俾使貴 番查委員對於本發明有更進一步之理解。 、 9 200827974 按，一般擾動觀察之太陽能最大功率追縱法都需計曾太陽能 板的輸出辨P值，當功率未達最大時，_整流/直^換器= 工作週期。改變負載負荷而使太陽能板輸出發生變化。再次;瞀 太陽能板的輪出功率P，比較兩次功率變化情形，再調整直流/直 流轉換器的工作週期，重覆程序，振盪取得最大功率。 其主要程序如第五_示。轉p值如魏的電叙電流 呈現m統必須個其雜及電流值，經乘積器計算卩值^ X V，I為電流而V為電壓。 請參閱第四至六圖所示，本發明不需測其電流！值，僅需偵 測電堡V值。而本發明之方法主要係將瞬間功率型超級電容器（〇 置入太陽能板⑹及直流/直流轉換器（8)之間，作為能量（電 能）的暫存容器，電能由太陽能板（6)生成，進入瞬間 超級電容器、⑺，而後輸出直流/直流轉換器⑻。此進出電 能在穩‘4下(steady state)可視瞬間功率型超級電容器⑺益 淨電能為零，即無電能蓄積於超級電容器，太陽能板（6產、 ⑻，呈現動態平衡狀況。 太％旎糸統能罝（電能）W = p x t， 而p :功率 ΐ ·日守間 .·. W = I X ν X t去除時間因辛， 則W = P= I XV，/ 川f 則咖〇nd 討論，t = Isec 任一時刻，流入瞬間功率型超電 的能量=流出瞬間功率型 半认、及一（6) r β ^ ^ λ θ-0 也时（7 )的能量，也就是太陽 月匕板（6) /瓜入瞬間功率型超 、、次私谷為（7)的能量應該是瞬間 200827974 轉型超級電容器⑺流人直流/直流轉換器（8 )的能量+ 太陽月b板（6)產生的能量=流人瞬間功率型超級電容器（7) 的能量=流出瞬間功率型超級電容器⑺的能量=流人直 流轉換器（8)的能量。 | 所以’以往擾她察之太最切率輕法侧太陽 產生的功率，現亦可_瞬間功率型超級電容器(7)的 能量或功率。而瞬間功率型超級電容器（7)的能量是與其 量相關： w' W = 1/2 C X V2 W:瞬間功率型超級電容器⑺的能量，c: _功率型超 容器⑺的電容量，V為瞬間功率型超級電容器⑺的電壓， 由於瞬間功率型超級電容器⑺的電容量C值是紐，所以瞬 間功率型超級電容器（7 )的能量可由瞬間功率型超級電容器（7 ) 的電壓呈現，只要有瞬間功率型超級電容器（7)的電壓即可知 瞬間功率型超級電容器⑺能量，也可知太陽能板產生的功率。 所以本法只偵測瞬間功率型超級雷 &包谷為（7)的電壓簡單又有效 率。其刼作流程圖如圖五。 首先：200827974 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a power tracking system for a solar energy system and a method thereof, and more particularly to a system and method for generating electricity using solar energy. [Prior Art] Due to the high level of industrial development and the increase in population, the earth's energy is being consumed at an unprecedented rate. Some of the energy that propels up humanity for centuries will be exhausted after several generations. The earth's oil can only make us 4 to 5 years, natural gas is still about (9) years old, and uranium has 7 years of mineral deposits. The coal mine is long but only 2 years old. These short-term geniuses are insignificant for the long years of human civilization. The development of this new source will be urgent and necessary, and its renewable energy is human-energy hope. > Renewable energy refers to wind, solar, hydro, biomass, nitrogen, geothermal, ocean temperature, ocean waves and tides (10) _. A part of the renewable energy of the towel has a geographical area. i. T ’ Only solar energy is the most common energy for miniaturization. From a point of view, the solar moon has the following: (1), safe and reliable, (four) sound, no pollution, (2), = easy to directly cause the earth's greenhouse effect, (3), the required energy is available everywhere, no fuel consumption Mechanically rotating parts. (4), easy maintenance, long service life; short construction period 'size and size, (5), can be unmanned, no need to set up transmission lines, (6), low energy costs in remote areas, (7), convenient combination of disk construction and killing, etc. This is generally valued by the energy industry. ^Yang ▲ photoelectric conversion can be divided into three types, solar cells, solar radiation can decompose water for hair. Among them, large-scale power generation makes the most economical recording, while the 200827974 small and medium-sized ones should rely on the solar cells. A solar cell is a semiconductor material that is irradiated with solar energy to form a current on the surface of the semiconductor, which is stored as a direct current, converted or converted into an alternating current and connected to the grid for power supply. • The main key technologies used by solar photovoltaic energy are (A) solar cells (solar panel (B) maximum power tracking and acquisition (c) battery charging technology (d) discharge system technology. Solar cells are semiconductor processes, generally including single There are three types of crystal, polycrystalline and amorphous solar cells. In addition, flexible or money solar cells are also actively progressing. Currently, the maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency of commercial solar panels is below the worst. The maximum power tracking and acquisition is #界 Currently invests more people, and urgently needs to improve the key technology. The most important energy storage medium for small and medium-sized solar (four) system and large-scale solar power system operation is the battery. Solar battery charging technology is the key and cannot be The lack of - ring. And the discharge system technology with the increasing demand for solar discharge quality, more and more important importance. Solar energy is - ideal for renewable energy, with sunshine Wei, angle and [temperature generation The power of electricity has a lot of money. It means that it is too variably regenerating this source, and the energy of each point of energy can be turned into the most Power tracking, in order to obtain the most A energy converted by solar cells. - General Wei is presented in terms of electricity, current and time, and is the maximum power tracking and acquisition of solar energy with scaly scales. It is not linear with current, and it has a unique working curve due to temperature and temperature. As shown in the first figure, there are different electric (four) flow curves for strong, medium and weak sunshine. Then observe the power of the solar panel >1, as shown in the second figure, each working curve has a maximum power point, 6 200827974 ♦ that is the place to get the maximum energy of the solar panel. Through various maximum power tracking technology Tracking the maximum power voltage and current status of different time points with the environment, and quickly obtaining its energy injection system. Traditionally known maximum power tracking techniques include * A, voltage feedback method. B, power feedback method C, disturbance observation method, D, incremental conductance method, E, linear approximation method, f, actual measurement method, the most commonly used is "perturbation observation method", As shown in the third figure, the structure is simple and the measurement parameters are few, and it has been widely used in the solar maximum power system. The basic structure is to change the solar panel by periodically increasing or decreasing the load (5). (1) The end 赖 and the tracking calculus (2) The output power. The difference between the spectator and the 乂 , , , , 乂 乂 乂 乂 乂 乂 乂 乂 乂 乂 乂 乂 乂 乂 乂 增加 增加 增加 增加 增加 增加 增加 增加 增加 增加 增加 增加 增加 增加 增加(5) Make adjustments to the same trend; Conversely, if the output power becomes smaller, the direction of the county will be changed in the next two periods. Such repeated vibrations and observations will be closer to the maximum power point of the solar cell. "Perturbation observation" maximum power tracking method is the most important way to control the DC/DC converter (4)'s duty cycle. Longitudinal to achieve the power of the solar cell. When the maximum power is approached, the oscillation disturbance does not stop, and the succession oscillates around it. #Sunlight intensity, environment and temperature change, the sun, the maximum power point of the system operation changes immediately, the oscillation disturbance also responds immediately, and the new power point chasing 5 runs again. ' DC / DC transfer surface is * domain and capacitor circuit plus two _ with electronic switch, can use tilt, buck and buck-boost DC / DC converter, with just 7 200827974 (3) or PFM , pulse 5 hole number. By controlling the proportional time of the switch, the load at the output is adjusted to track the maximum power point. Ultra-Electric Valley has excellent energy storage characteristics, and its use in solar installations can increase efficiency, reduce maintenance, and maintain operating time. The solar charging system described in U.S. Patent No. 2004/_982 uses a double-layer capacitor (i.e., ultra-capacitance) as an energy storage device, and is regulated by a DC/DC converter to track the maximum power point. Supercapacitors play a role in replacing batteries in many electronic power applications, such as RTC memory and solar LED lights. In the past, ultra-capacitor energy density was much lower than that of batteries, and applications in energy storage were critical. Shouting a few years, the ultra-capacitor energy density has increased rapidly, and the battery is everywhere. The DC system of the solar system is gradually considering the placement of supercapacitors, especially the j max = rate point tracking. US patent employment / 〇 3i2i 〇 2 also proposed efficient solar moon b system first maximum power charging to ultra-capacitor circuit 'designed - the circuit can be used for maximum power chasing 疋 power charging super capacitor. In addition, the supercapacitor is divided into two types: the energy release type and the transient work paste, and the (10) energy storage is dominant. Because it is a storage device, its use of life and reliability is much higher than that of a chemically reactive battery. Then it can provide powerful power, the characteristics are similar to the capacitor ^, with instant burst. The power amplifier supercapacitor is connected in series with the solar panel. Following the TM, the rapid response characteristics, this is placed in and out of the accumulator under the condition of Yang H. Constructing a new, immediate and efficient Tai Li _ high-power tracking method designed - ^ 孓 coordinated solar installation system. 200827974 [Description of the Invention] The main purpose of this April is to propose a new type of solar power system maximum power chasing method and apparatus. The "Peter's Field Maximum Power Tracking Method" can be used in all solar systems. The method is mainly to add a kind of instantaneous power type supercapacitor to dynamically balance, by changing the duty cycle of the DC/DC converter (single value, and observing the super power 'voltage change situation') The duty ratio of the secondary DC/DC converter (DG/DC) converter adjusts the direction of the D value. It only needs to monitor the voltage value of the super capacitor. It does not need to detect the current 'true calculation of the solar power's wheel power. Backtracking mainly includes: As for the power tracking system of the solar system of the present invention, a solar panel: a momentary power type supercapacitor: an energy storage device that is directly connected to the energy balance, receives the energy output of the solar panel and outputs the flow/ DC/DC converter; DC/DC converter: Adjustable solar system output voltage and energy; Pulse width modulation driver: Transmit pulse signal to control DC/DC conversion [Embodiment] - The contents, features, and embodiments of the present invention will be described below in order to provide a further understanding of the present invention by the members of the present invention. 9, 200827974 In general, the maximum power tracking method of solar energy is required to calculate the P value of the output of the solar panel. When the power is not maximum, _rectifier/direct converter = duty cycle. Change the load load to make the solar panel output occur. Change. Again; 瞀 solar panel's turn-off power P, compare the two power changes, adjust the DC/DC converter's duty cycle, repeat the program, and oscillate to obtain the maximum power. The main program is as shown in the fifth. The p-value, such as Wei's electrical current, must have its current and current value, and the enthalpy is calculated by the multiplier. XV, I is the current and V is the voltage. Please refer to the fourth to sixth figures, the present invention does not need To measure the current value, it is only necessary to detect the V-value of the electric castle. The method of the present invention mainly uses an instantaneous power type supercapacitor (positioned between the solar panel (6) and the DC/DC converter (8) as energy ( The temporary storage container of electric energy, the electric energy is generated by the solar panel (6), enters the instant supercapacitor, (7), and then outputs the DC/DC converter (8). The input and output electric energy is in a steady state (visual state) visible instantaneous power type super capacitor (7) The net energy is zero, that is, no electric energy is accumulated in the supercapacitor, and the solar panel (6, (8) exhibits a dynamic balance. Too% can be 罝 (electric energy) W = pxt, and p: power ΐ · day守间··. W = IX ν X t removal time due to symplectic, then W = P = I XV, / Chuan f, curry nd discussion, t = Isec at any time, the energy flowing into the instantaneous power type super power = outflow The instantaneous power type half-recognition, and the energy of one (6) r β ^ ^ λ θ-0 (7), that is, the solar lunar slab (6) / melon into the instantaneous power type super, and the sub-private ( 7) The energy should be instantaneous 200827974 Transforming supercapacitor (7) The energy of the DC/DC converter (8) + The energy generated by the solar moon b plate (6) = The energy of the instantaneous power supercapacitor (7) = Outflow The energy of the instantaneous power type supercapacitor (7) = the energy of the human DC converter (8). | So, in the past, the power generated by the sun at the most arbitrarily light side of the sun was also disturbed, and the energy or power of the instantaneous power type supercapacitor (7) can now also be used. The energy of the instantaneous power type supercapacitor (7) is related to its quantity: w' W = 1/2 CX V2 W: the energy of the instantaneous power type supercapacitor (7), c: the capacity of the power type super container (7), V is The voltage of the instantaneous power type supercapacitor (7), since the capacitance C value of the instantaneous power type supercapacitor (7) is New, the energy of the instantaneous power type supercapacitor (7) can be expressed by the voltage of the instantaneous power type super capacitor (7), as long as there is The instantaneous power type supercapacitor (7) can be known from the voltage of the instantaneous power type supercapacitor (7), and the power generated by the solar panel can also be known. Therefore, this method only detects the instantaneous power type super thunder & Bao Gu is the simple and effective voltage of (7). The flow chart of its operation is shown in Figure 5. First of all:
A B C D 谓測瞬間功率型超級電容器⑺電壓Vc值，當vc值大於 設定值時，啟動最大功率系統。 改變DC/DC轉換器（8 )工作週期D值 再量測新的Vc值 如果新的Vc值大於原Vc ’則將再調整dc/dc轉換器⑻ 11 200827974 工作週期D值，其變化趨勢方向朝原變化方向；如果新的v 值大於原Vc，則將再調整DC/DC轉換器（8 )工作週期D值γ 其變化趨勢方向朝反變化方向。 E、 將新的vc值設定成Vc F、 再次重覆上述步驟。 以本發明取得太陽能板（6 )最大功率後，邏輯控制電路（工 ◦A)會根據電池的電壓狀況，決定充電模式。經直流/直流轉換 器（8 )調整電流電壓充電至蓄電池（i 1)。本系統在蓄;池 (1 1 )電壓低時以脈衝式充電模式充電，充電至設定電壓以上， 太陽能板（6)在當下所生成之能量，全數充電至蓄電池（1丄）， 到達充電後期再以脈衝式充電模式充電充飽蓄電池（丄1)，藉 由二段式充電法具有效率、快速且低能量的損耗特色。 至於本發明採取智慧可調式模式，本發明中太陽能系統放電 疋可調式’藉由邏輯控制電路（i 〇A)的決定放電模式，由流/ 直流轉換H⑻㈣定賴歧電流或其他方式的放電。直流/ 直流轉換器（8)可變換電池的輸出情況。 而本系統負載（1 〇 )可為LED燈P車列、Lamp、機械裝置、 監控設備、偵測儀器與訊號通訊器等。負載（1 〇 )如為LED燈 陣列則需定電紐制亮度，太陽能祕多為12V麟酸電池，儲 月匕放％。滿充時可達到16V，使用範圍多為13. 8〜1 π之間。由蓄 兒池（1 1 )驅動LED，會因鉛酸電池的電壓變化造成led驅動電 /瓜、交動，因此UD燈的亮度會逐漸變暗。智慧型可調式的定電流 才工制’可保持LED路燈的亮度一定。利用定電流控制使通過led 12 200827974 串列電流-致，不會使路燈變暗。而部分負載（丨Q )則需定電 壓’如機絲置、監控設備、偵測儀器等。定電壓才能使機械穩 •定運作。透過本系統可定電壓放電控制更具效率，甚至可提高輸 .出到負載（1 0 )更高㈣定電壓。本發明之系統簡單卻能整合 夕項功此’以最少零件獲得最佳的太雜祕的控制機制。 本發明另-種细此法的智慧型太陽能充放f法的太陽能裝 置’可適用於太陽能LED燈源，如太陽能路燈、太陽能交通號誌、 與各式太陽LE1D燈。 儿〜 本發明之系統主要發明是加入一種瞬間功率型超級電容器 (7 )，以動態平衡，藉由改變直流/直流(DC/DC)轉換器（8 ) 的工作週期(duty ratio) D值，並觀察瞬間功率型超級電容 電壓變化情形，決定下—次錢/直流⑽⑹轉換器（8 )的工 作週期（duty ratio) D值的調整方向，震盪來回追蹤最大功率。 此法只需監控賴功率型超級電容!I ( 7 )的電壓值，不泰 ( 傾測電流，真正計算太陽能系統的輸出功率。 而 根據此構想，本發日歧少包括―太陽能板（6)、 率型超級電容ϋ⑺、—錢/錢(D(yDG)雜 邏輯控制器⑼與負載（10)。 及一 本發明之方法，包括下列包括以下步驟： (a)偵測瞬間功率型超級電容器電壓， ⑻當瞬間功率型超級電容器電壓大於設定值時，啟動最大功率 系統， (c)調整直流/直流轉換器（8 )工作週期， 13 200827974 ⑷再_新的_功率型超級電容器電壓， 新瞬間轉型超級電容11電壓與原瞬間辨型超級電容 裔電壓， • 4的瞬㈣树超級電容器電壓大於原瞬間功率型超級 2器電壓，則將侧整直流/直流轉脑（8 )工作週期， Ά化趨勢方向職原變化方向。 (g) =果新_間功率型超級電容器⑺電壓小於原瞬間功率 里超級電抑，騎再·直流/直流轉_⑻工作 週期，其變化趨勢方向朝反變化方向， (h) 依序重覆上述步驟。 ==另可簡由糊上狀方法，設計出—簡式智慧協 二以統’稱之瞬間功率型超級電容器（7 )—太陽能系統 衣置(The Flash Cap - Solar P〇wer Device)。 其憎間功率型超級電容器⑺—太陽能系賊置至少包 括-太It能板、-瞬間功率型超級電容器（7)、—個直流/直流 (DC/DC)升降堡轉換器（8 )、一個蓄電池（1 i )、_^瞬^ 功率型超級電容器⑺電㈣測器與第-電子開關（工2 )、 -個邏輯控制電路（1QA)、第二電子開關（13)、電麼電 流保護電路、負载（i 〇 )與電流偵測器。麵程為太陽能板光 電轉換’產生電能。藉瞬間功率型超級電容器（7)與直流/直流 轉換器（8)，進行最大功率追蹀。而透過邏輯控制電路（1〇 幻以三段式充電蓄電池（H)，蓄積太陽能能量。最後以智 慧型可調式麵賴（1 〇 )。的以定電流方式驅動⑽燈陣 14 200827974 )電壓變化，而亮度逐漸變 列，使LED燈陣列不因蓄電池（ 暗 而本方法之太陽能板（6)係為太陽能單元_，可以依其 光電轉換成 所需的輸出電壓與電流串並聯。在各種陽 下 電能。 又卜， 又 低内阻、⑺係指 衡方式在二合里的詩③’可作為電能暫時儲存器。以動態平A B C D is the voltage Vc value of the instantaneous power type supercapacitor (7). When the vc value is greater than the set value, the maximum power system is started. Change the DC/DC converter (8) duty cycle D value and measure the new Vc value. If the new Vc value is greater than the original Vc ', the dc/dc converter (8) 11 200827974 duty cycle D value will be adjusted. If the new v value is greater than the original Vc, the DC/DC converter (8) duty cycle D value γ will be adjusted to change direction. E. Set the new vc value to Vc F and repeat the above steps again. After obtaining the maximum power of the solar panel (6) with the present invention, the logic control circuit (Work A) determines the charging mode according to the voltage condition of the battery. The current and voltage are adjusted to the battery (i 1) via the DC/DC converter (8). The system is charged in the pulsed charging mode when the voltage of the pool (1 1 ) is low, and is charged to the set voltage or higher. The energy generated by the solar panel (6) in the current state is fully charged to the battery (1丄), and reaches the late charging stage. The battery is fully charged in a pulsed charging mode (丄1), which has the characteristics of efficiency, fastness and low energy loss by the two-stage charging method. As for the invention adopting the smart adjustable mode, the solar system discharge 疋 in the present invention can be adjusted by the logic/control circuit (i 〇A) to determine the discharge mode, and the current/current conversion H(8)(4) determines the dissipative current or other manner of discharge. The DC/DC converter (8) converts the output of the battery. The load of this system (1 〇 ) can be LED light P train, Lamp, mechanical device, monitoring equipment, detection instrument and signal communication device. The load (1 〇 ), if it is an LED light array, needs to be fixed with the brightness of the new system. The solar energy is mostly 12V linonic acid battery. When it is fully charged, it can reach 16V, and the range of use is mostly between 13. 8~1 π. When the LED is driven by the reservoir (1 1 ), the led drive power/melon and the interaction will be caused by the voltage change of the lead-acid battery, so the brightness of the UD lamp will gradually become darker. The intelligent adjustable constant current system can keep the brightness of the LED street lamp constant. With constant current control, the serial current through the led 12 200827974 does not darken the street light. For some loads (丨Q), it is necessary to set the voltage, such as the wire setting, monitoring equipment, and detection instruments. A constant voltage is required to stabilize the machine. Through this system, the voltage discharge control can be more efficient, and even increase the output voltage to the load (1 0) and (4). The system of the present invention is simple yet integrated to achieve the best and too clever control mechanism with minimal parts. In addition, the solar device of the smart solar charging and discharging method of the present invention can be applied to solar LED light sources such as solar street lamps, solar traffic signals, and various solar LE1D lamps. The main invention of the system of the present invention is to add a transient power type supercapacitor (7) to dynamically balance by changing the duty ratio D value of the DC/DC converter (8), And observe the instantaneous power type super capacitor voltage change situation, determine the next-time money / DC (10) (6) converter (8) duty cycle (duty ratio) D value adjustment direction, shock back and forth to track the maximum power. This method only needs to monitor the voltage value of the power-type supercapacitor!I (7), which is not good (the current is measured, and the output power of the solar system is truly calculated. According to this concept, the solar panel is included in this issue. ), rate type super capacitor 7 (7), money/money (D (yDG) logic controller (9) and load (10). And a method of the invention, including the following steps: (a) detecting instantaneous power type super Capacitor voltage, (8) When the instantaneous power type supercapacitor voltage is greater than the set value, start the maximum power system, (c) adjust the DC/DC converter (8) duty cycle, 13 200827974 (4) then _ new _ power type super capacitor voltage, The new instant transforms the supercapacitor 11 voltage and the original moment to identify the super capacitor voltage. • The instantaneous (four) tree supercapacitor voltage of 4 is greater than the original instantaneous power type super 2 device voltage, then the side DC/DC is turned to the brain (8) duty cycle. (g) = Guoxin _ inter-power supercapacitor (7) voltage is less than the original instantaneous power in the super power, riding again · DC / DC turn _ (8) work cycle, its trend The direction of the potential is in the opposite direction of change, (h) repeat the above steps in sequence. == Alternatively, the simple-type power supercapacitor (7) can be designed by the paste-like method. The Flash Cap - Solar P〇wer Device. The daytime power type supercapacitor (7) - the solar thief set includes at least - too It energy board, - instantaneous power type super capacitor (7), a DC /DC (DC/DC) lift-forward converter (8), one battery (1 i ), _^ instantaneous ^ power type super capacitor (7) electric (four) detector and first-electronic switch (work 2), - logic control circuit (1QA), second electronic switch (13), electric current protection circuit, load (i 〇) and current detector. Surface area is solar panel photoelectric conversion 'generating electric energy. By instantaneous power type super capacitor (7) and DC/DC converter (8) for maximum power tracking, and through the logic control circuit (1 〇 以 with three-stage rechargeable battery (H), accumulate solar energy. Finally, with smart adjustable (1 〇) Drive in a constant current mode (10) lamp array 14 200827974) Change, and the brightness gradually changes, so that the LED light array is not due to the battery (dark and the solar panel (6) of the method is a solar unit _, which can be converted into a desired output voltage and current series in parallel according to its photoelectric conversion. Yang under the electric energy. Also, low internal resistance, (7) refers to the balance of the way in the two poems 3' can be used as a temporary storage of electrical energy.
Dt ’接受太陽能板輪出電能與輸出電能至謂C轉 (7) ^>i^t 極之瞬間功率型超級電容器（ 混成式超電容、銘電解電容或類似之:超電容、 可調i負=1魏脑（8)物轉換器（8 )， I)d 電阻而使太陽能板的輸出電壓發生改變。 =聽H⑻柯能是雜魏器（8 或其他類似DC/DC轉換器⑻。 ^轉換“8) 換哭ϋ寬調變驅動器是提供脈波訊號，藉以控制DC/DC轉 用之瞬Η功作週期D值，調整太陽能板的輪出。而發明所使 調之太容器⑺—太陽能系統是新型的智慧協 的放電。4，^最大功率追蹤、三段式充電與智慧可調式 的輪出電難月Γ,(6)係為太_早元陣列，依其所需 又，杯:Γ 陽光強度下，光電轉換成電能。 X月中，瞬間功率型超級電容器⑺係指低内阻、高電 15 200827974 f，可作為電能暫時儲存器。以動態平衡方式在釋離 下，接X柄能蝴^能與輸岐 一 瞬間功率型超級電”… 冊“8) ’ 碳材超電容、高分子;ΙΓ =是金屬氧化物電極之超電容、 之高1Ww、、/tb成式超電容、織解電容或類似 儲r:蓄:二r。此外在低曰照’可蓄積小電流成大電流再 i至畜電池（11)或直接驅動負載（1〇)。 ’、、摘叫，騎魏（11)滿減奴滿充時，太 f \ 1%忐畜積至蓄電池（Ί >1、3 疋車父低效率的。此時直接將超級電容 、载（10)，將超級電容器當作第二蓄電池（1 亦可IV低太陽此系統蓄電池（工1 )的設計容量，降 統建構成本。 …' -而本么月第以圖所揭示之實施例中，直流/直流(DC/DC)升降 2換器（8)是接收邏輯控制電路（i 〇 a)訊號，對超級電 谷-輸出的太陽能能量，進行最大功率追縱。調整轉換器（8) 的工作週期D值，麟太陽能板（6 )的最大神。在本發明之 系統中，充電係採取可調控充電方式，此外在放電時直流/直流 (+DC/DC)升降壓轉換器（8 )亦經邏輯控制電路（i 〇 a )將^ 电池（11)，以智慧可調方式將電能驅動負載（1〇)。 *又，蓄電池（11)是指二次可充電池，此系統尤指為錯酸 電池，亦可為鎳氳紐電池等。⑽統中蓄電池（i :)為太陽 月b的第一儲能容器。而本發明瞬間功率型超級電容器（7)電壓 摘測器與第—電子關（1 2 )是連接於太陽能板、超級電容器 與直流/直流(DC/DC)升降壓轉換器（8 )之間，受邏輯控制電路 16 200827974 (10A)的控制切換，其瞬間功率型超級電容器（7)電壓偵 測器是此系統太陽能最大功率追蹤的偵測點。第一電子開關（1 2 )·可切換太陽能板輸入系統、太陽能板（6 )至瞬間功率型超 級電容器（7)、瞬間功率型超級電容器（7)到第二電子開關 (1 3 )、瞬間功率型超級電容器（7 )到直流/直流(DC/DC)升 降壓轉換器（8 )及太陽能板到直流/直流(DC/DC)升降壓轉換器 (8 )電路。以及，本發明之邏輯控制電路（工〇幻是瞬間功 率型超級電容n ( 7 )—太陽能纽的控财心，接收瞬間功 型超級電容器（7 )電堡偵測器、苦電、、也n (1〇)的電㈣流情形。在㈣:二』)的幽負载 於入、在系、、先取大功率追蹤4控制太陽能板 别、。、及电容器輸出、直流/直流(dc/dc =(1〇)。在充電時控制三咖^ ^切魏驅動負载（1 ◦)。又，本發明之第二電子開關二 3)疋於太~能板最大功率 ri 刀半追紙電路後，連接蓄電池（u)盥 ^ 之間。切換太陽能系統至充電蓄電池（1 1 )料 電至負載（1 〇)。 ％田^ 1)或放 本發明之電壓電流保護電路 放的保護，避免電池的傷宝 + I1)的過充或過 為®燈陣列、Lamp、顧裝置二池=命°而負戴（1 0 )可 訊器等。有些需定電流控制哀π皿控°又備、偵測儀器與訊號通 穩定驅動，如機械裝置、監二二如LED燈陣列；有些需定電· 慧可調方式且最有效率、_儀器等。本系統都可智 又，本發較-奴_器（14)是將驗負2;〇) 200827974 的電流大小，經_電流保護電路（i 5 )，送 路（10A)調控電池輪出至負載U0)的電流。制電 前揭為本發明之詳細說明，惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之— 已’當Γ限定本發明實施之範圍。即凡依本發明 範圍内。之均等^化與修鱗，冑應仍屬本發明之專利涵蓋 200827974 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係為不同日照強度下，太陽能板之電壓電流圖 第二圖係為不同日照強度下，太陽能板之輸出功率與電壓圖 . 第三圖係為太陽能傳統擾動觀察最大功率追蹤法 第四圖係本發明之流程以及系統架構圖 第五圖係本發明功率追蹤流程圖 第六圖係為本發明之另一實施例系統架構圖 【主要元件符號說明】 (1) :太陽能電池 (2) :追蹤演算 (3) ·· PWM (4) :直流/直流(DC/DC)轉換器 (5) =負載 (6) :太陽能板 (7) :瞬間功率型超級電容器 (8) :直流/直流(DC/DC)升降壓轉換器 (9) :邏輯控制器 (10 ):負載。 19Dt 'Accept the solar panel wheel output power and output power to the so-called C turn (7) ^> i ^ t extreme instant power type super capacitor (mixed super capacitor, Ming electrolytic capacitor or similar: super capacitor, adjustable i The negative = 1 Wei brain (8) converter (8), I) d resistance changes the output voltage of the solar panel. = Listen to H (8) Ke can be a Wei Wei (8 or other similar DC / DC converter (8). ^ Conversion "8) Change the crying wide variable drive is to provide pulse signal, in order to control the DC / DC conversion of the instantaneous power The cycle D value is adjusted to adjust the rotation of the solar panel. The invention is made up of the container (7) - the solar system is a new type of intelligent association discharge. 4, ^ maximum power tracking, three-stage charging and smart adjustable wheeling The electricity is difficult to smash, (6) is too _ early element array, according to its needs, cup: Γ Under sunlight intensity, photoelectric conversion into electrical energy. In the middle of X, instantaneous power type supercapacitor (7) refers to low internal resistance, High-power 15 200827974 f, can be used as a temporary storage of electric energy. In the dynamic balance mode, under the release of the X-handle, the X-handle can be combined with the power of the power-type super-power"... "8" 'Carbon supercapacitor, Polymer; ΙΓ = is the supercapacitance of the metal oxide electrode, the high 1Ww, /tb integrated supercapacitor, woven capacitor or similar storage r: storage: two r. In addition, in the low ' 'can accumulate small current into High current and then i to the animal battery (11) or directly drive the load (1〇). ',, pick, ride Wei (11) full slave When charging, too f \ 1% 忐 livestock to the battery (Ί > 1, 3 疋 car father inefficient. At this time directly super capacitor, load (10), the super capacitor as the second battery (1 also IV low sun This system battery (work 1) design capacity, down to build the structure. ...' - And this month, according to the embodiment disclosed in the figure, DC / DC (DC / DC) lift 2 converter ( 8) is the receiving logic control circuit (i 〇a) signal, for the super power valley - output solar energy, for maximum power tracking. Adjust the duty cycle D value of the converter (8), the maximum of the solar solar panel (6) In the system of the present invention, the charging system adopts a controllable charging mode, and in addition, the DC/DC (+DC/DC) buck-boost converter (8) is also subjected to a logic control circuit (i 〇a ) during discharge. (11), the power can drive the load (1〇) in a smart adjustable way. * Also, the battery (11) refers to the secondary rechargeable battery. This system is especially a wrong acid battery, or a nickel neon battery. (10) The battery in the system (i:) is the first energy storage container of the solar moon b. The instantaneous power type super capacitor of the present invention The voltage extractor and the electronic-off (1 2 ) are connected between the solar panel, the supercapacitor and the DC/DC buck-boost converter (8), and are controlled by the logic control circuit 16 200827974 (10A) control switching, its instantaneous power type supercapacitor (7) voltage detector is the detection point of solar energy maximum power tracking of this system. The first electronic switch (1 2 ) · switchable solar panel input system, solar panel (6) to instantaneous power type super capacitor (7), instantaneous power type super capacitor (7) to second electronic switch (13), instantaneous power type super capacitor (7) to DC/DC (DC/DC) buck-boost Converter (8) and solar panel to DC/DC (DC/DC) buck-boost converter (8) circuit. And, the logic control circuit of the invention (the work illusion is the instantaneous power type super capacitor n (7) - the solar control core of the solar power, the receiving instant power super capacitor (7) electric bunker detector, bitter power, and also The electric (four) flow situation of n (1〇). In the (four): two)), the load is in, the system, and the high-power tracking is used to control the solar panel. And capacitor output, DC / DC (dc / dc = (1 〇). Control three coffee during charging ^ ^ Wei Wei drive load (1 ◦). In addition, the second electronic switch of the present invention 2) ~ The maximum power of the board can be connected to the battery (u) 盥^ after the ri knife half-tracking circuit. Switch the solar system to the rechargeable battery (1 1 ) to the load (1 〇). %田^ 1) Or put the protection of the voltage and current protection circuit of the invention to avoid overcharging of the battery + I1) over-charge or over-the-light array, Lamp, and the device 0) coder, etc. Some need to set the current control π 皿 控 control, and the detection instrument and signal through the stable drive, such as mechanical devices, monitoring two or two such as LED light array; some need to set the power · Hui adjustable mode and most efficient, _ instruments, etc. . This system can be wise, this is better than - slave _ device (14) will check negative 2; 〇) 200827974 current size, _ current protection circuit (i 5), send (10A) control battery round to Current of load U0). The foregoing is a detailed description of the invention, and the foregoing is only intended to be a limitation of the invention. That is, within the scope of the present invention. Equalization and scaling, 胄 should still belong to the patent of the present invention 200827974 [Simple description of the figure] The first picture shows the different current intensity, the second picture of the voltage and current diagram of the solar panel is different sunshine intensity, The output power and voltage diagram of the solar panel. The third diagram is the solar power traditional disturbance observation maximum power tracking method. The fourth diagram is the flow of the invention and the system architecture diagram. The fifth diagram is the sixth diagram of the power tracking flowchart of the present invention. Another embodiment of the invention system architecture diagram [main component symbol description] (1): solar cell (2): tracking calculation (3) · · PWM (4): DC / DC converter (5) = load (6): solar panel (7): instantaneous power type supercapacitor (8): DC/DC (DC/DC) buck-boost converter (9): logic controller (10): load. 19