RU2790791C2 - Addressable fire and security alarm system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire; security alarms.

SUBSTANCE: technical result is to increase the reliability of the actuating addressable warning devices and fire and security automation, ensuring the independence of their operation in the warning and control modes, as well as increasing the electrical power consumed by the executive addressable warning devices and fire and security automation in the warning and control modes. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the claimed solution provides for a control device and addressable fire and security alarm devices connected to it via an address communication line and addressable address devices for warning and fire and security automation, each of which has a communication unit connected to the address communication line and power supply, connected by the corresponding data inputs-outputs with the microcontroller and comprising: a power supply voltage stabilizer node, an input data node, an output data node, a protection node, while the communication and power supply unit of the executive address device for warning and fire and security automation is additionally introduced : node of an autonomous power supply, battery switching node, power switching node from the address communication line, battery testing node.

EFFECT: increase in the reliability of the actuating addressable warning devices and fire and security automation, ensuring the independence of their operation in the warning and control modes, as well as increasing the electrical power consumed by the executive addressable warning devices and fire and security automation in the warning and control modes.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of fire and burglar alarms and can be used to create an addressable fire (and/or burglar) alarm system with a hierarchical structure, as well as for fire warning systems and evacuation control, for actuating systems of fire and security automation, can be used in security or mixed security systems to ensure the protection of people and property from dangerous situations and illegal encroachments.

A known addressable fire alarm system is described in RF patent No. 19947 for the utility model "Addressable fire alarm system" (IPC G08B 17/00; publ. 10.10.2001; a plurality of controlled addressable modules connected to it via external interface units via the addressable fire alarm loop. In this case, no more than thirty-two controlled address modules are connected to each external interface unit. The control device contains a microcontroller connected by appropriate inputs/outputs to an information input unit, an indication unit, a relay unit, and a power supply unit. And each external interface unit also contains a microcontroller and a power supply (see on the website http://www1.fips.ru/ in the Open registries section - as of September 20, 2021).

The disadvantages of the above system is its complexity and limited space of controlled areas. The use of a large number of programmable function blocks complicates the maintenance of the system, reduces its reliability and increases the cost.

A fire warning device is known, described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 86777 for a utility model (MPK G08B 17/103, publ. 09/10/2009, patent holder Gefest Holding LLC St. her annunciators firefighters, with a terminal element. Each of the firemen's annunciators is connected to the signal line through a power storage module, which contains a control signal converter, a relay element, a battery (battery) and a charger. In this case, the fire alarm is connected through a relay element to a battery connected via a charger to the signal line, and the output of the control signal converter, also connected to the signal line, is connected to the control input of the relay element. In this case, the power storage module can be built into the fire alarm (see on the website http://www1.fips.ru/ in the section Open registries - as of September 20, 2021).

Features: sirens are powered by batteries in the notification mode; The battery is charged from the signal line, i.e. the activated state of the siren does not depend on the integrity of the signal line. Thus, due to the forced transfer of fire alarms included in the signal line to battery power (in the presence of a fire situation at the facility), it is impossible to turn off the fire alarms due to a violation of the signal communication line caused, for example, by fire impact on it. .

The disadvantages of such a device is that it is not an informative system, because there is no transmission of information packets over the signal line, i.e. information is not exchanged between the device and the annunciators. The device does not receive messages from the sirens about the technical readiness of the sirens, about their serviceable (or faulty) condition. It is not possible to send commands from the device to the sirens to perform different notifications depending on the situation. In addition, the system does not use batteries as an independent source of constant power.

The use of address systems opens up new opportunities in ensuring fire and security safety.

As a prototype, an addressable fire alarm system was chosen, described in the RF patent No. 87281 for a utility model (MPK G08B 17/00, publ. 27.09.2009, the patent holder LLC Troupe of companies "RUBEZH"), containing a control device and a set of controlled address modules connected to it via the addressable fire alarm loop (see on the website https://www.fips.ru/ in the Open registries section - as of September 20, 2021).

The control device contains a microcontroller, in the non-volatile memory of which information is stored about the object, protected areas, controlled address modules assigned to them and their modes of operation, connected by appropriate inputs and outputs to the information input unit, indication unit, sound warning unit, relay unit, power supply unit , interface converter, interface units with the corresponding addressable fire alarm loop.

Each controlled address module contains a communication unit connected to the addressable fire alarm loop and connected by appropriate data inputs/outputs to the microcontroller of the controlled address module. At the same time, a power current generator with a key for generating increased current and a current generator control unit are additionally introduced, and each interface unit contains a data transmission unit, a loop control unit and a protection unit. Moreover, the power current generator is connected to the power supply unit, connected to the loop control unit, to the data transmission unit, and to the protection unit connected to the addressable fire alarm loop. In this case, the loop control unit, the data transmission unit and the key for generating increased current are connected to the corresponding information inputs-outputs of the microcontroller of the control device. In addition, the data transmission unit is connected to the key for generating increased current through the current generator control unit.

Thus, the addressable fire alarm system has a digital wired addressable communication line through which information packets are transmitted and through which the addressable modules receive power.

However, the fire alarm system described above has the following disadvantages.

• Poor system reliability. If the integrity of the addressable communication line is violated, including under the influence of fire factors (for example, a line break or short circuit), the power supply to all addressable devices stops, the performance of the functions of the actuating addressable fire alarm devices and fire automatics stops.

• Low electrical power available for addressable devices. As a result of power supply from a single center, addressable devices can only have low electrical power to perform their functions, limited by the high resistance of the extended wired addressable communication line through which power is supplied, and by a large number of addressable devices connected to this line. And, as a result, in fire mode, the current limitation in the addressable communication line reduces the sound and light power of the warning signals generated by the addressable warning devices, as well as the speed and effort developed by the mechanical actuating addressable devices of fire and security automation.

The technical task of this solution is to create an addressable fire and burglar alarm system (POS) that eliminates the shortcomings of the prototype and has the following features:

- increased reliability of the operation of executive addressable warning devices and fire and security automation, ensuring the independence of their work in the warning and control modes;

- increased electrical power consumed by executive addressable warning devices and fire and security automation in notification and control modes, exceeding that received by these devices from the addressable communication line, to provide sound pressure and glow level in the notification mode by sound, voice and / or light addressable annunciators, as required by GOST R 53325-12.

The technical problem must be solved while maintaining the high information content of the system, provided by the exchange of messages in the form of digital data packets over the address communication line to inform about the change in the state of the address devices, receive data from the address devices and for the control device to transmit data and commands to the address devices.

The task set is of great importance, since timely and uninterrupted notification is necessary to ensure the urgent evacuation of people from premises and buildings where their lives are endangered. Uninterrupted control of special automation is necessary to prevent the development of an emergency (for example, a fire), as well as to provide escape routes, prevent loss of life and preserve material assets.

The claimed technical result is achieved by introducing autonomous power sources (batteries) into the composition of the executive addressable warning device and fire and security automation, as well as the necessary technical means for ensuring the power supply of these devices from batteries in the active mode of operation for notification and control (to create conditions for uninterrupted consumption of increased electric power). power in an emergency).

The problem is solved by the fact that in the "Addressed fire and security alarm system", which contains, among other things, at least one executive address device for warning and fire and security automation, in which, in addition to specialized units that ensure the operation, according to the main purpose, there is a communication and power unit connected to the address line of communication, connected to the corresponding data inputs and outputs with a microcontroller, and comprising: a power voltage stabilizer node, an input data node, an output data node, a protection node.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the following are additionally introduced into the communication and power unit of the executive addressable warning device and fire and security automation: an autonomous power supply unit (battery), a battery switching unit, a power switching unit from an addressable communication line, a battery testing unit.

In this case, the battery switching node is connected between the battery and the power bus of the executive address device, and the control input is connected to the microcontroller; the power switching node from the address communication line is connected between the protection node and the power supply voltage stabilizer node, and is connected to the microcontroller by the control input; the battery testing unit is connected to the autonomous power supply unit, and is connected to the microcontroller with the control input and measuring output.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by the following attached drawings:

in FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a POS address system;

in FIG. 2 shows a generalized block diagram of the communication and power supply unit of the executive address device for warning and fire and security automation.

On FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the following designations are used:

1 - control device;

2 - address communication line;

3 - POS address devices;

4 - executive address devices for warning and fire and security automation;

5 - block of communication and power supply of the executive address device;

6 - node of an autonomous power supply (battery);

7 - battery testing unit;

8 - battery switching unit;

9 - protection node;

10 - input data node;

11 - output data node;

12 - power switching unit from the address communication line;

13 - supply voltage stabilizer;

14 - microcontroller.

As you know, each addressable fire and security alarm system contains a control device 1 (see Fig. 1) and a lot of address devices 3 of the fire and security alarm connected to it via the address communication line 2, addressable address devices for warning and fire and security automation 4. In this case, all address devices 3 and 4 have a unique address and are slaves, while control device 1 is the master.

Two wires are used as the address communication line 2, one of which carries out bidirectional transmission of information signals and power supply of the address devices, and the other is a common wire.

As controlled addressable devices 3 POS use fire and security detectors, notification transmission devices (address tags); and as executive address devices for notification and fire and security automation 4 - fire and security annunciators speech, sound, light and combined; door unlock devices, control relays, valves, fire extinguishing, smoke extraction and remote control modules, etc.

In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one addressable warning device and fire protection automation (4) contains a communication and power unit connected to the address line 2 and connected to the corresponding data inputs and outputs with the microcontroller 14 and internal power bus.

But at the same time, in the communication and power unit 5 of the executive addressable warning device and fire and security automation 4, an autonomous power supply unit (lithium battery) 6, a battery testing unit 7, a battery switching unit 8 and a power switching unit 12 from the address line are additionally introduced connection (see Fig. 2).

The active mode of operation of addressable warning devices and fire and security automation 4 (hereinafter referred to as executive addressable devices), characterized by increased consumption of electrical power, is activated by command from control device 1. In this mode, executive address device 4 using microcontroller 14 that controls the power switching unit from the address line 12 and the battery switching unit 8 disconnects its high-power power supply circuits from the address communication line and switches them to power from an autonomous power supply 6, designed to power the addressable address device 4 with a DC voltage in the range from 2.5V to 3.3V with a current consumption value of up to 0.5A and a mode duration of up to two hours.

The battery testing unit 7, designed to check the presence of a battery and determine its voltage under load, is made in the form of a high-resistance resistive voltage divider permanently connected in parallel to the battery, from the middle point of which voltage is supplied to the microcontroller 14 through the measuring output. In addition, the battery testing unit 7 contains a low-resistance a load resistor, with one output permanently connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the second through a transistor switch switched with a common wire of the device. The microcontroller 14 constantly measures the voltage of the battery 6 without load through the measuring output to determine its presence and periodically gives a short-term signal to close the transistor switch and measure the voltage of the battery 6 under load. This ensures continuous automatic control of the autonomous power supply 6.

The battery switching unit 8 is made in the form of two back-to-back MOSFETs and is designed to connect the positive terminal of the battery 6 to the internal +3V power bus of the address device in the active mode, as well as to protect the battery 6 from the incoming current in the standby mode and to protect the executive address device 4 in case of erroneous reverse connection of battery 6. A pull-up resistor is connected between the pairwise connected sources and gates of the transistors, which ensures the open state of the switch before the control voltage is applied. The drain of the first transistor is connected to the positive terminal of battery 6, and the drain of the second transistor is connected to the +3V power supply rail. The microcontroller 14 in the standby mode of operation keeps the open state of the switch by applying a high voltage to the gates of the transistors, and in the active mode switches the switch to the closed state by applying a low voltage to the gates of the transistors, providing the connection of the battery 6 to power the address device 4.

The power switching unit 12 from the address line 2, designed to prevent increased current consumption by the executive address device 4 from the address line 2 in active mode, is made in the form of a MOSFET connected by the source through a current-limiting resistor to the output of the protection unit 9, and by the drain - to the input of the voltage regulator assembly 13. The gate of this transistor is connected to the midpoint of the resistive voltage divider, the upper output of which is connected to the source of the field-effect transistor, and the lower output to the collector of the bipolar transistor, which switches this output to the common wire of the address device. The microcontroller 14 sends a control signal to the power switch 8 via the address line 2 to the base of the bipolar transistor through a current-limiting resistor. . Thus, in active mode, at a low level of the control signal, the supply voltage stabilizer node 13 of the address device 4 is powered off from the address communication line 2 through the protection node 9. A pull-up resistor is connected between the input of the switching node 8 and the base of the bipolar transistor, which ensures automatic supply of the supply voltage. voltage from the address communication line 2 to the microcontroller 14 and the start of the operation of the executive address device 4 from a de-energized state before the start of the microcontroller 14.

The remaining nodes of the communication and power supply unit 5 of the executive addressable warning device and fire and security automation 4 are identical to the corresponding nodes of the communication and power supply unit of the address devices 3 of the PIC, powered only by the address line of communication.

The input data node 10 is designed to receive synchronization and information signals coming from the control device 1 via the address line 2 and transfer them to the microcontroller 14 of the address device 4 or 3.

The output data node 11 is designed to transmit information signals from the microcontroller 14 of the address device 4 or 3 via the address line 2 to the control device 1.

The node protection 9 is designed to ensure stable operation of the address device 4 or 3 in terms of electromagnetic interference induced on the address line.

The power voltage regulator unit 13 is designed to convert the voltage coming from the control device 1 via the address line 2 into a DC voltage supplied to the +3V power supply bus.

Implementation of the invention.

The addressable fire and burglar alarm system works as follows.

In the absence of a fire or alarm situation at the protected object, addressable voice, sound and light fire annunciators, as well as actuating address devices of fire and security automation (4), are in standby mode.

At the same time, the integrity of the address line 2, the presence of communication with each of the address devices 3 (4), the performance of each address device, the presence and condition of the battery as part of the autonomous power supply unit 6 of the actuating address devices 4 are controlled by the control device 1 by periodically polling each of the executive address devices 4 and receive information packets about the status of each of the address devices 3 (and/or 4).

The microcontroller 14 of each executive address warning device and fire and security automation 4 in standby mode keeps the battery switching unit 8 in the open state, the power switching unit 12 from the address communication line 2 in the closed state. Thus, in the standby mode, the functioning of the executive address device 4 is ensured with the consumption of the supply current from the address line 2. The current consumption from the independent source 6 is minimal and is necessary to control the presence of the battery and the output voltage under load, produced by the microcontroller 14 using the battery test unit 7. The duration of operation of the battery 6 of an autonomous source (lithium battery type CR123A) in this mode is up to 10 years.

In the event of a fire or alarm situation, the control device 1 issues control commands to the address line 2 for the executive address devices 4: to start the notification and/or start the actuators; and, in order to ensure this, to enable more power consumption modes on the executive address devices 4. The microcontroller 14 of the executive address device 4 generates commands to close the battery switching node 5 and open the power switching node 12 via the address line.

Thus, the executive address device 4 is switched to power from an independent source, which allows the consumption of high current without overloading the address line 2. At the same time, the current operating state of the executive address device 4 does not depend on the integrity of the address line 2, which can be broken by fire or other influence. At the same time, the address warning device and fire and security automation 4 continues to work until the completion of its main function in fire or alarm mode.

As a result of the application of the technical solution described in the invention in the actuating addressable warning devices and fire and security automation of the POS system, a positive technical result was obtained.

The introduction of independent power sources - batteries, as well as the necessary technical means of providing battery power to this device in the active mode of operation for notification and control, into the communication and power supply unit of the addressable warning and fire protection automation device, led to:

- to provide increased electrical power consumption, in comparison with power supply from the address line, to ensure sound pressure and glow level in the notification mode with sound, speech and / or light addressable annunciators, required by GOST R 53325-12;

- to ensure the independence (autonomy) of their operation in active notification and control modes from receiving power via the address communication line and other possible power supply lines, since in these modes they are powered by built-in batteries.

As a result, it ensured increased reliability of the operation of the executive addressable warning device and fire and security automation in an emergency (i.e., in the warning and control modes of the POS).

The use of the specified technical solution for the power supply of addressable warning devices and fire and security automation also increases the survivability of the POS system as a whole.

It should also be noted that the proposed technical solution involves the long-term use (years) of batteries as part of the executive addressable warning devices and fire and security automation, since the batteries in the standby mode of these devices are disconnected from the consuming part of the device circuit. Batteries are not used and practically do not discharge, and are used only in active alert and emergency control modes.

To implement the claimed invention, namely: the addressable fire and burglar alarm system, devices mass-produced by the applicant enterprise (http://arsenal-sib.ru - as of 01.10.2021) were used. These devices are designed to protect a wide range of large, medium and small objects of protection from fire and / or unauthorized entry:

- optoelectronic smoke detectors for smoke, addressable analog;

- fire detectors thermal maximum-differential point address-analogue;

- manual addressable fire detectors;

- addressable security and fire light and sound annunciators;

- address fire alarms;

- detectors security optical-electronic infrared passive addressable;

- detectors security magnetocontact addressable;

- address disturbing buttons;

- address transmission devices.

Currently, the industry produces various types of lithium batteries, which have a number of characteristics that distinguish them:

- large electric capacitance per unit mass;

- low self-discharge of the battery (typically - 2-3% per year);

- long service life - 10 years or more;

- wide operating temperature range: from -40°С to +70°С;

- good load capacity at output current - up to 500 mA.

Therefore, to implement the communication and power unit 5 of the actuating addressable warning devices and fire and security automation 4 of the above-described addressable fire and security alarm system, standard electronic components available on the commercial market can be used, for example:

- CR123A lithium battery (for example, https://www.varta-consumer.ru or https://www.duracell.com - as of 12/01/2020);

- diodes BAV99, SMB18A (http://www.st.com - as of 12/01/2020);

- transistors IRLML9301TRPBF (https://www.infineon.com - as of 12/01/2020);

- BC857C transistors (https://www.nexperia.com - as of 12/01/2020);

- stabilizers TPS71533-Q1 (https://www.ti.com - as of 12/01/2020).

Thus, all functional units and elements of the system under consideration are known and available on the commercial market. Therefore, the possibility of practical implementation of the considered addressable fire and security alarm system is beyond doubt.

The set of features of the claimed invention solves the technical problem and contributes to the achievement of the above technical result.

As follows from the above description, as a result of the implementation of the present invention, an addressable fire and burglar alarm system has been created, which:

• ensures the operation of a large number of executive addressable warning devices and fire and security automation, realizing increased power consumption for warning and control in fire and alarm modes;

• performs automatic detection of faulty controlled address devices of POS and actuating address devices of warning and fire and security automation, as well as detection of faults in the address communication line;

• allows you to detect a fire and/or an alarm event (for example, violation of the protection zone), provides a quick and accurate determination of the location of the source of fire (and/or the place of violation of the protection zone) and launches the actuating address devices for notification and fire and security automation (for example, notification and evacuation management);

• allows the use of actuating address devices for notification and fire and security automation, performing their functions in fire or alarm mode, even in the event of a violation of the integrity of the address communication line;

• is reliable and technologically advanced in its design.

The design and operation of the addressable fire and security alarm system described and depicted on the graphic materials is not the only one possible for solving the above technical problem and does not exclude other options for its manufacture containing a combination of features included in the claims.

Claims (1)

Addressable fire and security alarm system, comprising a control device and connected to it via an address communication line, at least one addressable fire and security alarm device and at least one addressable address warning device and fire and security automation, in each of which a communication and power unit connected to the address communication line is installed, connected by the corresponding data inputs and outputs to the microcontroller and comprising: a power voltage stabilizer unit, an input data unit, an output data unit, a protection unit, characterized in that the communication and power unit the executive addressable warning device and fire and security automation are additionally introduced: an autonomous power supply unit (battery), a battery switching unit, a power switching unit from an addressable communication line, a battery testing unit; moreover, the battery switching node is connected between the battery and the power bus of the executive address device, and the control input is connected to the microcontroller; the power switching node from the address communication line is connected between the protection node and the power supply voltage stabilizer node, and is connected to the microcontroller by the control input; the battery testing unit is connected to the autonomous power supply unit, and is connected to the microcontroller with the control input and measuring output.

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