RU2690008C1 - System and method of switching an electrical system to a backup power supply in case of power failure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a distributed power supply system. Disclosed is device (215) for control of electrical system (200), comprising: main switch (220) with possibility of connection to common use power source (205), switch (240) of local power supply source with possibility of connection with local generating source (245) of supply, multiple switches (230) of branches, each of which is made for connection with one or more loads (235), and control component (250). Control component is configured to detect power failure from public power source: to provide opening of main switch; determine which one or more of said plurality of tap breakers must receive standby power from local power supply source; ensure adjustment of branch switches in such a way that only certain one or more of said plurality of branch circuit breakers are in closed state, and ensure inclusion of local generating power source.EFFECT: providing safe putting into operation of local generating power source, matching load with power of local generating power source, and providing safe recovery of mains during power supply restoration.15 cl, 7 dwg

Description

Cross reference to related applications

This application claims the priority of the provisional application for the invention of US No. 62 / 045,864, filed on 04.09.214 and incorporated into this application by reference.

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to electrical distribution systems, and in particular, to a system and method for switching a power system, for example, a utility power system, to a local generating power source in the event of a power failure from the main power source for general use, without using an automatic load switching device to a backup power source. or other similar device.

The level of technology

A distributed power supply system, sometimes referred to as a local generating source or local power source, is a low-power power generation mechanism used to create a backup or optimized traditional power supply device. Distributed power systems contain, for example, at least photovoltaic (PV) modules (connected to direct current converters to alternating current), wind power plants (connected to direct current converters to alternating current), natural gas power plants, backup generators, energy storage, and uninterruptible power supplies.

When installing PV modules, generators and / or other local generating power sources discussed above, for example, in a building, there is no possibility of generating electricity in the event of a power failure unless they are disconnected from the local power grid. This restriction is used to prevent the recovery of energy generated by the local generating power source into the electrical network in the event of a power failure, i.e. conditions that pose a threat to workers serving this electrical network.

As a rule, to solve this problem, the system 100 (Fig. 1) and the automatic transfer device to the backup power source (ATS) are used, ensuring a safe transition to the use of a local generating power source in the event of a power failure. As is known in the art, ATS is an electrical switch that switches the load between two power sources. As shown in FIG. 1, the system 100 includes a public power source 105, a power consumption meter 110, and a load node 115 connected to a power meter 110 for receiving power from the public power source 105. The load node 115 consists of a plurality of standard circuit breakers, including a standard main circuit breaker 120, a plurality of standard branch circuit breakers 125, and a standard local power supply circuit breaker 130 (Local Energy Resource, LER) (which is a standard circuit breaker connected to a local generating power source, which will be discussed below). As shown in FIG. 1, the standard tap switches 125A and 125B are connected to and provide protection for a variety of “non-critical” loads 130 (i.e., pre-defined loads that will not be supplied with backup power during a power failure). Another standard branching switch, labeled 125C, is connected to the ATS 135 (or, alternatively, to another switching device, such as a manual switch). The output of the ATS 135 is fed to the auxiliary console 140, which, in turn, feeds a number of defined "critical" loads 145 (i.e., predetermined loads to which the backup power will be supplied in the event of a power failure). In addition, system 100 includes a local generating power supply 150, which may be, for example, at least a PV module connected to a converter, or any other suitable distributed power supply. The output signal of the local generating source 150 is supplied to the ATS 135 and to the network disconnector 155. Thus, ATS 135 has two inputs: for the output signal of the standard tap switch 125C and the output signal of the local generating source 150, as well as for one output signal that selectively goes to one of these two inputs.

Under normal operating conditions, in the absence of a common power supply source 105, the automatic load transfer device 135 to the backup power source is designed so that the input signal from the standard tap switch 125 is summed with the output signal to the auxiliary console 140. Also, in such normal conditions, the network disconnector 155 is in a closed position, providing power from the local generating source 150 to the back to the pit source 105 general use. In the event of a power failure from the public power source 105, the network disconnector 155 takes the open position and disconnects the local generating power source 150 from the load node 115 and the public power source 105, thus protecting workers serving the local power grid. When the isolator 155 of the network is opened, the device 135 automatically switches the load to the backup power source to switch to a circuit in which the input signal received from the local generating source 150 is added to the output signal to the auxiliary console 140. As a result, in the event of a power failure, selected critical loads 145 may be powered by a local generating power supply 150.

Despite the effectiveness of the above system 100, it creates additional costs and ensures the complexity of the communal electrical system. In addition, the system 100 is limited by the choice in advance of the size and pattern, depending on the given characteristics of the load, namely the characteristics of individual, predetermined loads that receive, in the event of a power failure, powered by a local generating source 150. It should be understood that this excludes some or flexibility in the choice of loads receiving power from a local generating source 150.

Disclosure of the invention

In one embodiment of the invention, a device is proposed for controlling an electrical system. The device contains a main switch, configured to connect to a public power source, a local power switch, configured to connect to a local generating power source, a plurality of tap switches, each of which is connected to at least one load, and a component management. The control component is designed in such a way that in the event of a power failure from a public power source: it ensures that the main switch is opened; determines at least one tap-off switch to which backup power will be supplied from the local generating power source; ensures the closure of at least one particular switch of branches and the inclusion of a local generating power source.

In another embodiment of the invention, a method is proposed for controlling an electrical system comprising a main switch, which is included in the load node and is connected to a public power source, a switch of the local power source, which is also part of the load node and is connected to a local generating power source, as well as a plurality of branching switches included in the load node, each of which is connected to at least one load. The method consists in the fact that in case of a power failure of the load node from the public power source, the main switch is opened by supplying the first communication message to it, the at least one tap switch receiving backup power from the local generating power source is closed, at least At least one particular branch switch by submitting a second communication message to branch switches that do not receive backup power, and also includes the local gene Serial power source by submitting a third communication message to it.

Brief Description of the Drawings

For a more complete understanding of the essence of the present invention, a detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention is given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

in fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a known system in which a device for automatically switching the load to a backup power source is used, ensuring, in the event of a power failure, a safe transition to the use of a local generating power source;

in fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system that, in the event of a power failure, ensures a safe transition to the use of a local generating power source, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

in fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating methods for controlling the system shown in FIG. 2, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

in fig. 4-7 show drawings of a typical switch used to implement the device shown in FIG. 2, and the method shown in FIG. 3

The implementation of the invention

Unless explicitly stated otherwise, the phrases characterizing the direction in the present description, for example, left, right, forward, backward, upper, lower, and their derivatives, refer to the orientation of the elements shown in the drawings and are not restrictive.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "plurality" means one or an integer greater than one (i.e., several).

For the purposes of the present invention, the statement that at least two elements are "connected" with each other implies that the elements are connected to each other directly, or through at least one intermediate element.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "component" means an object related to a computer, for example, hardware, a combination of hardware and software, a software product, or executable software. For example, a component may be, among other things, the operation performed by the processor, the processor itself, the object, the executable program, the computing stream, the program and / or the computer. As an example, a component can be an application executed by a processor or server, or the processor itself or a server. At least one component can be included in a process or a computation flow; A component can be placed on one computer / processor and / or distributed between two or more computers / processors.

FIG. 2 illustrates an electrical distribution system 200 according to one non-limiting embodiment of the present invention. According to the detailed description, system 200 includes a set of controllable (and in the exemplary embodiment of the invention, also measuring) switches, including a main switch and a set of branch switches, located behind the main switch. System 200 implements a control method (which is shown and discussed in detail in Fig. 3), which ensures, in the event of a power failure, the safe commissioning of a local generating power source, in particular, for example, a PV module connected to a converter, without using ATS, for example ATS 135 shown in FIG. 1, or a similar switching device. As described in detail in an example embodiment of the invention, according to the proposed method, when a power supply is interrupted from a power source, a load group connected to the local power grid is disconnected, the safe local power supply is commissioned for the required period, the load is matched to the power of the local power source, and provide safe restoration of network power supply when power is restored. In order to match the load with the power generated by the local power source, when implementing the method, the control component is used that provides load control (i.e. the load is connected to the local generating power source by closing the corresponding switches) so that the load does not exceed the actual power of the local generating power source. power source. In some cases, when implementing the method, synchronization of a plurality of local generating power sources can be used, if available, and / or phase synchronization with the network power for smooth or "blinkless" (instantaneous) power transfer. According to the detailed description, the implementation of this control method is provided by directly controlling the switches in system 200, and not by using a traditional switching mechanism, for example, ATS. Opening the main switch provides the ability to disconnect a group of loads connected to the local power grid, and closing and opening a plurality of branch switches provides load balancing to match the power of the local generating source. In other words, it is possible to control the power consumption of the load so that it does not exceed the capacity of the local generating power source. In practice, system 200 is configured to dynamically determine the power generated by a local power source (local generating power source 245 discussed in the present description) and subsequent coordination with other switches (branch breakers 230 discussed in the present description) to ensure only those switches which receive power from the local generating power source without overloading.

In the non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, each controlled switch used in the system 200 in question is a circuit breaker 400 of a power selling automat, the details of which are described in US Patent Application Nos. 2014/0211345 and 2014/0214218, the rights to which belong to the patentee the present invention, and descriptions are incorporated into the present application by reference in their entirety. However, it should be understood that the circuit breaker 400 of the circuit breaker for the sale of electricity used in the system 200 is for illustrative purposes only and is not a restrictive feature, since it is also possible to use other type of controlled circuit breakers. For example, at least one controllable switch used in system 200 may be a switch with embedded logic, as described in US Patent Application No. 14 / 264,409, entitled “Microgrid, configured to detect overload conditions and adopt appropriate corrective actions ”, the rights to which belong to the patentee of this application for an invention and which is incorporated into this application by reference, or a remote control switch having a second a pair of plug-in contacts connected in series with the main plug-in contacts (see, for example, the descriptions of US Patent Nos. 5,301,083; 5,373,411; 6,477,022; and 6,507,255).

FIG. 4 schematically shows a typical circuit breaker 400 of a circuit breaker for the sale of electricity, which has the following four functional capabilities: (1) circuit protection, incl. protection of the traditional thermomagnetic circuit, protection against short circuits, overload protection, protection against earth faults, protection against arc short circuits, and / or other types of necessary protection;

(2) energy metering in branch networks, incl. metering of electricity produced by the power supply network (± 0.2%) and readings with reference to time;

(3) remote control of managed contacts, incl. relay control closing / opening, regardless of the opening mechanism of the switch;

(4) wired and / or wireless communication systems, incl. providing the ability to transmit and receive control information and information about the sensor status, duplication of communication systems in the event of a power failure, and, additionally, load control tools / signals that control the connected loads of a particular type (for example, an electric vehicle power supply switch (EVSE) that provides direct electric vehicle charging (EV), HVAC switch, providing direct and independent control of the fan, compressor and heat element by closing and opening circuits or by low-voltage signal transmission, essentially eliminating the need for a regulating thermostat, as well as a light switch that has the ability to control brightness; the local power switch 240 described in the present description serves as another example of using load control tools that provide switching on and off, as necessary, local generating power supply). In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the control over the execution of functions (2) - (4) is provided by a microcontroller 401, which can be, for example, at least a microprocessor or any other appropriate data processing device. In addition, despite the fact that in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, microcontroller 401 does not control the execution of function (1), it should be understood that in other embodiments of the invention, microcontroller 401 can control the execution of function (1). Also, in the exemplary embodiment of the invention, the circuit breaker 400 of the power selling machine has a microprocessor-controlled 401 indicator (labeled (5)) displaying information, for example, on the faulty states and / or current passing through the power transfer circuit breaker 400.

Before proceeding with a detailed description of the individual elements or operations of the system 200 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it is necessary to consider the following, with reference to FIG. 5, 6 and 7, a detailed description of the circuit breaker 400 of the circuit breaker for the sale of electricity in accordance with US Patent Application Nos. 2014/0211345 and 2014/0214218.

The circuit breaker 400 of the automatic machine for the sale of electricity can bill consumers for the electricity consumed through it. For example, in measurement function block 402 (FIG. 5), logic 404 (FIGS. 5 and 6) is used to store readings with a time reference 406 in a long-stored database 408 in memory 410. Measurement function block 402 and logic 404 are located inside the case of the circuit breaker 400 of the circuit breaker for the sale of electricity. The energy values of 406 at certain time marks can be "marked" as belonging to a group of individual consumers, which ensures the delivery of electricity to each specific consumer from this group. For example, when an electrical load 412 is connected (indicated by a dash-dotted line in the drawing), energy can be directed accordingly to a specific power supply network (for example, to an electrical load 412 (shown in FIG. 5 by a dash-dotted line) through inputs 414,416).

When a power source is available, for example, a public power system 418 (shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 by a dash-dotted line) providing power to the breaker power contact 420 (for example, from a live line or conductive bus (not shown) and a neutral terminal 422 (for example, to a neutral bus (not shown)) of the dashboard or load node (not shown), bill the consumer, he can perform this action in various ways through the communication system passing through expansion port 424 (Fig. 6), or, of some through the built-in wireless interface (for example, at least Wi-Fi; BlueTooth). One example of the method is the “indication” of the total energy at the moment of their removal from the main switch (not shown, but which can be essentially the same or similar to the switch 400, except for the presence of a relatively large value of the rated current) of the corresponding dashboard or load node (not shown). The value of "readings" is compared with the value of "readings", for example, of the previous month, and is billed to pay the difference m Between these indications.

Alternatively, the public power system 418 may load each switch data base 408, for example, 400, in its entirety, request energy values 406, if appropriate, and then load the appropriate tariff structure using time stamps, additional schemes, and some distribution tags .

FIG. 5-7 is an example of a controlled circuit breaker 400 of a circuit breaker for selling electricity, which, as will be discussed below, may contain additional storage media and / or a plurality of different expansion modules 426.

Referring to FIG. 5, a typical circuit breaker 400 of a power automaton may comprise a plurality of additional expansion modules 426. An alternating current electrical circuit passing through the circuit breaker 400 of the automatic machine for selling electricity from the power source 418 to the load 412 comprises a thermomagnetic protection function block 428, a measurement function block 402 and controlled detachable contacts 430. AC voltage-DC converter 432 provides DC power , for example, in logic circuit 404 and communication circuit 434. Alternatively, the DC source 432 may be located outside the circuit breaker 400 of the power selling machine and provides DC power to it. The plurality of additional extension modules 426 may provide a specific logic function and / or I / O function and form a communication circuit 436. Additional functions of the 438,440 remote control software can, in some cases, provide communication with the communication circuits 434,436.

FIG. 6 shows in more detail a typical circuit breaker 400 of a power automaton circuit containing an external manual actuator 442 interacting with a thermomagnetic tripping function block 428, providing opening, closing and / or resetting of the respective plug contacts 429 (Fig. 7), OK indicator (data entry confirmation indicator) 444, controlled by logic circuit 404, as well as test / reset button 446, which provides data input to logic circuit 404.

In this example, there is a live line and neutral (neutral wire) passing through the circuit breaker 400 of the automatic electricity sales circuit, as well as the corresponding current sensors 448.449, voltage sensors 450.451, and detachable contacts 430A, 430B of each electrical line or power conductor. The input of the power measurement circuit 452 of the measurement functional unit 402 receives data from current sensors 448.449 and voltage sensors 450,451, and the output receives the corresponding power values supplied to logic 404, the timer / clock function 454 which provides input of corresponding energy values 406 with time stamp to database 408 data storage device 410. Sensors 448,449 current can be serially connected with the corresponding plug contacts 430A, 430B and can be made in the form of current transformers connected to supply wires, or in the form of other appropriate devices for measuring current. Sensors 450,451 voltage 450,451 can be connected to the corresponding supply wires, have a serial connection with the corresponding plug contacts 430A, 430B, and can be made in the form of voltage transformers or other appropriate devices for measuring voltage.

FIG. 7 shows a single-line diagram of an exemplary circuit breaker 400 of a circuit breaker for selling electricity. Despite the presence of a single phase (for example, a live line and a neutral (neutral wire)), the present invention is applicable to circuit breakers for a power automaton circuit having any number of phases or poles. The live line is obtained by permanent connection 420 with a conductive bus (not shown). An electric current passes through the first disconnecting element 429 of the functional block 428 of the thermomagnetic overload protection and further, through a group of controlled detachable contacts 430 (in this example only one group of line contacts is shown under voltage) to the output 414. The first current transformer (CT) 448 provides the ability to measure current and detect a short circuit to earth using settings that are configured for tripping. The reverse current path from 412 (FIG. 5) runs from the load neutral terminal 416 back to the neutral terminal 422, providing an electrical connection, for example, to a dashboard bus or load node (not shown). The second current transformer 449 provides the ability to measure current and detect a short circuit to earth using setpoints that can be tripped. The outputs of current transformers 448,449 are the inputs of logic circuit 404, which controls the detachable contacts 430. The power source 432 receives power from the live line and the neutral wire. The communication circuit of the logic circuit 434 is also connected to the connection point 456 of the communication system of the expansion port 424 (Fig. 6).

Below with reference to FIG. 2, a description is given of the elements of the system 200 according to a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention. The system 200 includes a public power supply 205 connected to an electric power consumption meter 210. The connection node 215 load with the output of the meter 210 power consumption provides the ability to receive power from the local grid source 205 power common use. Node 215 load consists of a main switch 220 connected to the meter 210 power consumption. In other embodiments of the invention, the meter 210 power consumption can be excluded, and the node 215 load is connected directly to the source 205 of the public power. As will be shown below, in any such embodiments, the measurement function may instead be provided by the main switch 220.

In addition, the load node 215 contains the main bus system 225 and a plurality of branch breakers 230 connected to it. As shown in FIG. 2, each tap-off switch 230 is connected to a corresponding load or loads 235. In the shown embodiment, the load node 215 provides power to the specialized circuits, i.e. Each tap-off switch 230 provides power and is connected to one load 235 (however, each load 235 is not necessarily a dedicated circuit). It should be understood, however, that this is given solely by way of example, and other schemes may be used within the scope of the present invention containing unspecialized circuits and / or a combination of specialized and unspecialized circuits. In addition, the node 215 load contains a switch 240 local power source connected to the local generating source 245 power. The local generating power source 245 may be a distributed power source of any type, for example, at least a distributed power source that uses a PV module, a generator, a wind turbine, a turbine using natural gas, or a battery.

In the present non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, circuit breakers 400 of the circuit breaker for selling electricity, the details of which are given elsewhere in this document, are selected as the main switch 220, the tap switches 230, and the local power switch 240. Thus, according to the present description, each of these switches has a protection function, a measurement function in a branch network, a remote control function and a communication function (FIG. 4).

In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the load node 215 comprises a control component 250. According to the present disclosure, the control component 250 is adapted to control the operation of the system 200, and, in particular, is implemented and programmed to implement the control method illustrated in FIG. 3, a detailed description of which will be given below. The control component 250 may be located anywhere within the load node 215, for example, inside the main switch 220, the switch breakers 230, the switch 240 of the local power source, or it may be dispersed between a plurality of nodes and located in at least one such node. In another embodiment of the invention, the control component may be configured as a computing device having a processor and programmable memory used in the load section 215. According to the present description in another embodiment of the invention, the control component may be located far from the load node 250, however, having a connection with it and providing control. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, provided for illustrative purposes, the control component 250 forms part of the main switch 220, allowing the main switch 220 to operate as a control device of the load section 215.

Below, with reference to FIG. 3, a description of a control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The implementation of the method begins with the execution of step 300, according to which a power failure is detected from the public power supply 205. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, this fault is determined by the main switch 220, by determining the voltage drop of the common use power source 205 below a certain predetermined value. Next, perform step 305, according to which the control component 250 opens the main switch 220, providing disconnection of the load node 215 and the local generating source 245 of the power supply from the main network of the public-supply source 205. A step 310 is then performed, according to which the control component opens the local power supply switch 240 by supplying a control signal to it (via an appropriate wired or wireless connection). Alternatively, the order of execution of steps 305 and 310 can be changed in such a way that step 310 is first performed and then step 305 is executed. Then step 315 is executed, according to which the control component 250 determines which of the tap-off switches 230 should not receive backup power from the local generating source 245 power. This step can be performed in several ways and includes determining which switches will receive backup power and which will not, based on at least one of the saved and / or measured parameters and / or functions. For example, control component 250 may be programmed to select certain predetermined loads 235 to which backup power should be supplied in the event of a power failure (i.e., “critical loads”), and thus, in step 315, loads 235 will be determined, not being “critical.” The programming and definition of “critical loads” in this particular design can be performed by the utility and or by the local user of the load node 215, and thus this aspect of the present invention I create greater flexibility (maneuverability) in providing back-up power, due to the possibility of dynamic load management in the event of a power failure. ”Critical loads” are also programmed and defined in accordance with the priority, so that in the event of a power failure, backup power is supplied, selected based on the available power according to the specified priority. Alternatively, the control component 250 can be programmed with the ability to dynamically select The look of those loads 235 to which the backup power will be supplied based on the specified time of day and / or date parameters, and some loads to which the backup power will be supplied can be determined based on the current state of these parameters.

In addition, there are also a large number of additional options for control schemes. For example, in one version of the control circuit, each load 235 is defined in advance as “critical” or “non-critical”, and the control component 250 is configured to coordinate its actions with data measured by a corresponding tap switch, for example, 230, ensuring that the maximum possible amount of "critical" loads without over-voltage / overload of the local generating source 245 (i.e., without exceeding the load capacity of the power source). In another embodiment, the control circuit for each load 235 is assigned the appropriate priority level, where, for example, “ 1” is taken as the highest level, etc. Further, the control component 250 coordinates its actions with the data measured by the respective branch breakers 230, ensuring that the maximum possible load 235 is operating at the highest priority without over-voltage / overload of the local generating source 245. Thus, the circuit according to the first example described above is essentially an example of a second control scheme with two priority levels. In yet another control scheme, for each load 235 an appropriate priority and preferred “operation time” are set. Next, control component 250 coordinates its actions with measured data and time data, ensuring the working state of the maximum possible number of loads 235 with the highest priority and specified operating time. at the end of which the corresponding switches of the branches of other loads 235 with a lower priority level will be in the closed position. In yet another control circuit, the component ent control 250 may use any of the above schemes, "the corrected consumer" component, according to which the consumer may select a particular tap of the switches 230 should be open or closed.

After step 315, proceed to step 320, according to which the control component 250 opens the tap switches 230B selected in step 315. Next, in step 325, the control component 250 sends a signal to the local generating power source 245 (via an appropriate wired and / or a wireless connection between these elements), providing a 245 source connection. Then step 330 is performed, according to which the control component 250 closes the switch 240 m stnogo power source by supplying a signal (via an appropriate wired or wireless connection of these elements). After step 330, proceed to step 335, according to which the operation of the system 200 is provided by a local generating source 245 supplying any load 235 that was not selected in step 315.

Step 340 is to determine whether the power supply of the public power supply 205 has been restored. In the event of a negative response, return to step 335. At this point, the consumer of the load node 215 can change the system configuration by changing the selection of closed (open) branch breakers 230, and therefore the loads 235, which are powered when using components 250 management. For example, if in the event of a power failure, the consumer decides whether the load 235, originally defined as "non-critical" or having a low priority level, is necessary, this circuit is closed, and, if necessary, opens another circuit with a lower priority, thereby preventing overload of local generating power supply 240 (as will be indicated below). If the consumer decides to recharge the EV, which was originally defined as “non-critical,” he can temporarily turn off the air conditioning device, thus ensuring that EV can be charged. Then, after sufficiently charging the EV, the consumer may decide to turn off the EVSE and reconnect the air conditioning device. Due to this, the consumer acquires significant additional flexibility and stability that conventional systems cannot offer. However, care should be taken in controlling / coordinating the connected loads 235, in order to avoid overloading the local generating source 245, as well as opening the make-up circuit or overloading it to a critical point (critical value). In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the control component 250 includes control means to assist in controlling and harmonizing loads 235 to prevent overloading of the local generating source 245. For example, before making any changes, control component 250 can analyze the measurement data and determine the effect of these changes on the load, as well as prevent any changes that could lead to overload. In the case of a positive response in step 340, go to step 345, according to which the control component 250 opens the local power supply switch 240. Then, at step 350, control component 250 shuts off the local generating power source 245. Thereafter, at step 355, the control component 250 closes the main switch 220. Next, perform step 360, according to which the control component closes all tap switches 230 by applying one or more signals to these breakers 230 (via the appropriate wired or wireless connection of these elements). Alternatively, the order of execution of steps 355 and 360 can be changed so that step 360 is first performed, and then step 355 is executed. Finally, when step 365 is completed, the control component 250 connects the local generating power source 245 to switch it to standby source 205 of the public power after the elimination of the power failure.

Consequently, the above and shown in FIG. Method 3 creates a safe switching mechanism, with a power failure, to backup power through a local generating power source, and vice versa, after eliminating a power failure that does not require an expensive, complicated, and non-modifying switching mechanism, such as ATS (Fig. 1).

Although the system 200 shown in FIG. 2 and the method described with reference to FIG. 3, include only one local generating power source 245, it should be understood that the present invention can also be used in systems containing a plurality of local generating power sources 245 and a plurality of local power supply switches 240. In this embodiment, the use of the proposed method in component 250 of control 250 will provide the ability to synchronize among themselves many local generating sources 245. In one embodiment of the present invention, one local generating power source 245 may be used as a “power network” and connected to the main conductor bus 225. In this case, this local generating power source 245 provides softening voltage to synchronize other local generating power sources 245. In another embodiment of the invention, the control component 250 receives metadata about the local generating power source 245, for example, weather data for structures that use solar energy, or fuel consumption data for generators, and measurement data from branch switches 230 can be used for prediction of "residual life", i.e. how long the local generating power source 245 can supply the connected loads with energy 235. Solutions to load management issues can be more literate with the additional use of metadata to obtain important statistical data, including, for example, on the "residual life".

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the local power source 245 shown in FIG. 2, may not be installed at the location of the customer, for example, a building, but rather be intended for a group of consumers within an electrical distribution system (for example, a “neighboring” local generating power source). Local generating power source 245 can be a local energy storage battery (eg, a battery), configured to serve multiple consumers in a specific area in the event of a power failure. According to the description, with this configuration, one or multiple consumers can have a load node 215, the switch 240 of the local power supply of which is connected to this “neighboring” local generating power source 245. Thus, each consumer with a load 215 of this type has the ability to choose which loads 235 will receive backup power from the "neighboring" local generating source 245 of power in the event of a power failure. In addition, since, according to the description, in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the main switch 220, the local power supply switch 240, and the branch breakers 230 are circuit breakers 400 of a power selling circuit that perform the function of energy metering, the company serving the neighboring local generator power supply 245 has the ability to bill consumers for used electricity. In one example, consumers have unrestricted use, in which case they pay for all the energy consumed. In another embodiment of the invention, consumers can order (and pay for) a certain amount of backup power in case of a power failure, and their access to the “neighboring” local generating source will be limited by the amount of power covered by their subscription fee (i.e. switch 240 local source) the power supply will be open as soon as the ordered amount of power is used). In this case, according to the description, the consumer may express a desire to actively manage the loads 235 of the load node 215 to ration the electricity to which they have access.

Although the present invention has been disclosed on the example of specific embodiments of the invention, numerous modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art. Certain specific aspects considered and examples of the invention are given solely to illustrate its use and do not limit its scope, which is fully formulated in the claims below.

Claims (34)

1. A device (215) for controlling an electrical system (200), comprising: the main switch (220), made with the possibility of connection to the source (205) of the public power; a switch (240) of a local power source, configured to be connected to a local generating source (245) of power; at least one switch (230) of branches, each of which is configured to connect with one or more loads (235) and perform the function of measuring energy consumption to account for the energy consumed through them; and control component (250), made with the possibility of detecting a power failure from a public power source: ensure opening of the main switch; receive energy consumption data measured by each of the specified at least one tap-off switch; determine which one or more of the specified at least one tap-off switch should receive backup power from a local generating source, at least in part based on the received data on power consumption; ensure that the tap switches are configured so that only one or more of the specified at least one tap switches are in the closed state; and ensure the inclusion of a local generating power source. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control component is configured to open the local power source switch before determining which one or more of the specified at least one tap switch should receive backup power from the local generating source and provide the circuit breaker local power supply after switching on the local generating power supply. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the main switch, the local power supply switch and each of the branch switches are configured to remotely control their controlled contacts, exchange information for transmitting and receiving data, and protect the circuit, including the thermomagnetic protection of the circuit. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control component: (i) is part of the main switch, (ii) is part of a local power switch or one of the branch breakers, (iii) is located away from the main switch, the local power source switch and each of the branch switches, or (iv) distributed between at least two switches from the group consisting of a main switch, a local power supply switch and at least one tap-off switch. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control component is configured to provide the opening of the local power supply switch after opening the main switch and ensuring the closing of the local power switch after turning on the local generating power source. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control component is configured to, upon detection of a power recovery, provide the opening of the local power supply switch, disconnect the local generating power supply, close the main switch, close all of the specified at least one branch switch, and turn on the local generating source. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control component is configured to determine which one or more of the specified set of tap switches should receive backup power from the local generating power source, based on the received data on power consumption, as well as stored, specified identification data some of the specified set of branch breakers. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control component is configured to determine which one or more of said at least one tap switch should receive backup power from a local generating power source based on the received power consumption data as well as those stored, specified priorities of one or more of the loads. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control component is configured to determine which one or more of said at least one tap switch should receive backup power from a local generating power source based on the received data on power consumption, as well as one or more than specified parameters measured, determined or obtained by the control component. 10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control component is configured to determine which one or more of said at least one tap switch should receive backup power from a local generating source by selecting said one or more of said at least one branch switch so that the load requirements through the specified one or more of the specified at least one branch switch does not exceed the load capacity of the local generating power supply when it is turned on. 11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control component is configured to determine which one or more of said at least one tap switch should receive backup power from a local generating source, based on the received data on power consumption, as well as stored, specified priority assigned to each of the specified at least one switch branch. 12. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control component is also configured to provide backup power supply with a maximum number of branch switches without exceeding the load capacity of the local generating power source when it is turned on, and the specified one or more of the specified at least one branch switch, which should receive backup power from a local generating power source, determined on the basis of the received data on power consumption, as well as stored, back priority assigned to each of the specified at least one tap switch. 13. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control component is configured to determine which one or more of said at least one tap switch should receive backup power from a local generating power source based on the received power consumption data as well as stored power, a predetermined priority and a stored, predetermined operating time assigned to each of the specified at least one tap-off switch. 14. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control component is configured to provide a change, during a power failure and after turning on the local generating power source, the electrical system configuration by obtaining identification data of those of the tap switches that are to be powered, and those of branch switches, which should not receive power, and ensure, in response to receiving this data, branch switch settings so that only certain of the switches branches were in a closed state. 15. The method of controlling an electrical system (200) containing a main switch (220), which is part of a load node (215) and connected to a source of general use power supply (205), a switch (240) of a local power source, which is part of a node load and connected to a local generating source (245) power supply, and at least one switch (230) branches, which are part of the load node and each of which is connected to one or more loads (235) and configured to perform the function of measuring energy consumption I have to account for the consumption of energy through them, according to which: detect in the load node a power failure from a public power source; in response to the detection of a power failure from the power source, the main switch is opened by supplying the first communication message to it; receive data on power consumption, measured by each of the specified at least one switch branching; determine which one or more of the specified at least one switch branch should receive backup power from a local generating power source, at least in part based on the received data on power consumption; provide configuration of the tap switches so that only a specific one or more of the specified at least one tap switches is in a closed state, by sending a second communication message to the tap switches other than the one or more of the specified at least one tap switches, which should receive backup power, and provide inclusion of the local generating power source by filing a third communication message to it.

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