RU2604868C1 - Universal electronic module for electric network distribution and protection against overload, leakage and short circuit currents - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: universal electronic module for electric network distribution and protection against overload, leakage and short circuit currents can be used for right away disconnection of several loads from power supply in case of electric mains 380/220 V failure in residential and public buildings with possibility to set required disconnection parameters. This module in same housing is able to control four groups of loads, setting to them optimal parameters by rated current and leakage current. Module contains microcontroller, power elements (symistors), current sensors (current transformers), digital graphical display and control buttons. Using current transformers module microcontroller individually reads rated current value from each group of users, and using differential current transformers also individually reads leakage current from each group. Then microcontroller compares obtained values with specified, and in case of exceeding rated current or leakage current in any of groups of consumers according to specified algorithm issues command for disconnection to power element of group, in which specified parameters were exceeded.

EFFECT: providing instantaneous load group disconnection, by which parameters were exceeded, connected to module by means of three-contact terminals.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The universal electronic module for distribution and protection of the electric network from overload, leakage and short circuit currents relates to electrical engineering and can be used to disconnect several loads from the power source at once in case of a 380/220 V electric network failure in residential and public buildings with the ability to set the necessary shutdown parameters .

There are many types of circuit breakers, residual current circuit breakers (RCDs), as well as differential current circuit breakers that combine the functions of a circuit breaker and RCD. For example, a circuit breaker (RU 2541517, class Н01Н 83/14 (2006.01), Н01Н 83/22 (2006.01)) for protection against overloads, short-circuit currents, and leakage currents is made in a two-pole design. Another example, a circuit breaker (RU 2477541, class N01N 83/22 (2006/01)) is also designed to protect against overloads, short circuit currents and leakage currents, made in a two-pole design. You can give a few more examples that differ in size, different designs of internal mechanisms, the number of poles. The main differences from the invention in question are fixed parameters set by the factory for each unit of the product and a separate housing for each group of consumers. These devices are used for assembling switchboards and subsequent protection of electrical wiring from short circuits, overload currents and leakage currents.

Today, for the assembly of most electric panels 380/220 V, you need to choose according to a previously developed scheme:

- circuit breakers at the required rated current to protect the electrical network from overloads and short circuits;

- RCD according to the rated current and leakage current for each group of consumers separately for protection against leakage currents and electric shock by a person in case of damage to the insulation of electrical installations;

- either a residual current circuit breaker for the required rated current and leakage current.

In addition to the above-described wiring accessories, at least a few additional details will also be required, such as a bus for connecting neutral conductors, a bus for connecting grounding conductors, a bus for connecting circuit breakers to each other, as well as pre-prepared jumpers (wire lengths of the required length) for connecting RCDs to circuit breakers according to a special scheme. The figure 1 presents one of the most common examples of connecting circuit breakers 4 and RCD 5 in an electrical panel. In this example, the phase conductor of the supply cable 1 is connected to each RCD 5 and then connected to the circuit breaker 4, the neutral wire is connected to the bus to connect the neutral conductors 2, the ground wire is respectively connected to the bus for connecting the ground conductors 3. Consumer cables 6 are connected to the corresponding group of circuit breaker 4 (phase) and UZO5 (zero) with the connection of grounding conductors to bus 3.

Disadvantages when assembling an electrical panel using the above details are:

- complexity of installation, as it is necessary to accurately connect the circuit breakers 4, RCD 5 to each other, as well as correctly distribute the neutral conductors, some of which are connected to the zero bus 2, and some to the necessary RCD 5;

- the need for mandatory selection of parts according to the required parameters;

- a large amount of time spent on installation, selection and purchase of all necessary parts for assembling the shield.

The technical tasks of the universal electronic module for distribution and protection of the electric network from overload, leakage and short circuit currents are:

1. The combination in a single device of several circuit breakers of differential current with the ability to configure parameters for the rated current and leakage current in the required range for each group separately.

2. Reducing the number of components for the assembly of the electrical panel.

3. The most simple and quick installation process;

4. Minimizing the cost of installation work.

The tasks are solved thanks to the following main elements of the module: microcontroller, current sensors (current transformers), power elements (triacs), digital graphic indicator and control buttons. The block diagram of the module is shown in figure 2. The tasks are implemented as follows. After mounting the module in the switchboard, the necessary parameters for each consumer group are manually set. For example:

- Group No. 1 - rated current 25 A, leakage current 100 mA;

- Group No. 2 - rated current 10A, leakage current 30 mA;

- Group No. 3 - rated current 16A, leakage current 30 mA;

- Group No. 4 - rated current 32A, leakage current 300 mA and so on.

The module microcontroller, using current transformers in real time, reads the value of the rated current from each group of consumers separately, and using differential current transformers it also reads the leakage current from each group separately. Then the microcontroller compares the obtained values with the set ones, and in case of exceeding the rated current or leakage current in any of the consumer groups according to a certain algorithm, issues a command to disconnect the power element of the group in which the set parameters were exceeded. The figure 3 shows a universal electronic module for distribution and protection of the electric network from overload currents, leakage and short circuit in three ways. For convenience, the module is made in a housing for mounting on a din-rail of any switchboard. The module is connected to the power input using the terminals 7 located on the left in the upper and lower rows and connected in parallel with each other for easy connection. This drawing shows a module for 4 groups (distribution lines), two of which are located on top (8, 9) and two on the bottom (10, 11), but it is possible to produce a module with a large number of groups. In this invention, the power input and distribution lines are connected to the corresponding three-pin terminals without the need to cut and wire the neutral wires and ground wires of each cable on the buses, since all three wires (phase, neutral, earth) are connected to the same terminal in the corresponding contacts. In addition, there is no need to interconnect groups of circuit breakers and RCDs, which greatly simplifies and speeds up the installation process and ultimately reduces its cost. The figure 4 shows an example of connecting a universal electronic module for distribution and protection of the electrical network from overload currents, leakage and short circuit 22.

Setting the parameters of the module is as follows (figure 3):

1. Using the “Setup” button 13, the mode for setting the rated current is selected.

2. Use the buttons 15-18 to select the group for which the value will be set, and use the buttons 12, 14 to set the required rated current.

3. By pressing the button 13, we switch to the leakage current setting mode and also the buttons 12, 14 set the required value.

By further pressing the button 13, the module enters the operation mode in which the current parameters are measured and compared with those already set. In the operating mode, buttons 15-18 perform the function of turning on and off the corresponding group. All set values for each group are displayed on indicator 19. Change of modes and selection of the corresponding groups on indicator 19 are displayed by flashing the corresponding values. Updating or updating the control program in this module is carried out easily thanks to the USB 20 jack located on the side panel. Power elements controlled by switching on and off the load via signals from the microcontroller are powerful triacs, the heat is removed from which thanks to a special heat sink 21.

The use of this invention in electrical switchboards will greatly simplify and speed up installation, eliminating the need to select products by parameters, because they are installed independently after installing the module. An example of such a shield is shown in figure 5, where a counter 25 is installed in a standard 12-module shield 23, an input two-pole circuit breaker 24, and a universal electronic module for distribution and protection of the electric network from overload, leakage, and short circuit currents 22. In addition, given the fact that the module works on a microcontroller, there are unlimited possibilities to “programmatically” change operating modes, control the causes of emergency outages, keep statistics of electricity consumption, etc. Also, when using additional modules, it is possible to remotely control and manage the inclusion / deactivation of consumer groups.

Given the above possibilities, this invention finds application in many electrical networks where distribution, protection against overloads, leakage currents, short circuit, as well as protecting a person from electric shock, is required.

Claims (1)

A universal electronic module for distribution and protection of the electric network from overload, leakage and short circuit currents, containing in one housing elements for protecting several load groups connected via three-pin terminals controlled by a microcontroller that takes values from current sensors and differential current sensors proportional to the current nominal value current and leakage current in each load group, comparing with the values displayed on the indicator and entered in taking into account the excess of current values, which sends a shutdown signal to one or more power elements switching specific groups of loads in which the current values of the rated current or leakage current are exceeded to protect the electric network from overload, leakage and short circuit currents, as well as to protect people from electric shock.

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