RU2414793C1 - Non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in automation systems as traction controlled and non-controlled electric drives, as wind generators, hydraulic generators, high-frequency electric generators, multi-phase synchronous electric motors and electric generators of frequency converters, as well as multi-phase power sources of electric current. The proposed non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine consists of modules of "elementary machines" and includes stator the armature core of which consists of isolated electrotechnical steel sheets with high magnetic permeability and has salient poles with coil w-phase armature winding, each coil of which is arranged on the appropriate salient pole of armature, one per a pole, as well as rotor which contains inductor with salient poles with alternating polarity, which are symmetrically distributed along cylindrical surface and excited with constant magnets. At that, there are certain ratios between the number of salient armature poles, number of phases of m-phase armature winding, number of salient poles in armature module phase, number of modules and number of salient poles of inductor. ^ EFFECT: high energy data, high specific torque moment on the shaft in electric motor mode and high specific power in electric generator mode of non-contact magnetoelectric machine owing to better use of the useful capacity of the machine. ^ 7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to low-speed high-torque electric motors, electric drives and generators, relates to the design of non-contact magnetoelectric machines and can be used in automation systems, as traction controlled and uncontrolled electric drives, as well as wind generators, hydrogenerators, high-frequency electric generators, multiphase synchronous electric motors and generators of frequency converters and many ofaznyh power supply electric current.

Known induction electric machine (Patent RU 2009599 C1, IPC 5 Н02К 19/06, НКК 19/24, authors Zhulovyan V.V., Novokreschenov O.I., Shanshurov G.A.), containing a gear with an explicit pole with the number of poles Z ₀ a stator with a multiphase coil winding, each coil of which is located on one pole of the stator, a winding-free ferromagnetic gear rotor and a converter to which the stator winding is connected, the stator and rotor are made with even and unequal numbers of teeth, and each phase of the winding is made of p counter included coils placed with by a shift by the double pole division 2 · τ, where p is an even number, 2 · τ = Z ₀ / p. The disadvantage of the described inductor electric machine is considered to be low energy performance. In addition, these technical devices are most often performed with small air gaps, which complicates the technology and complicates their manufacture in mass (mass) production.

Known adopted for the prototype non-contact magnetoelectric machine (Patent RU 2354032 C1, IPC Н02К 21/12, Н02К 29/00, authors Chernukhin VM, Zakharenko AB), containing an anchor with the number of teeth Z ₁ = m · Z _1m · S, where m = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ... is the number of phases of the armature winding, each phase consists of coils covering one arm of the armature, and the inductor with poles, the core of the inductor consists of the first and second fastened together cores and axially magnetized permanent magnet located between the cores of the inductor, the first and second cores ind The actuators are arranged relative to each other so that the axis of each tooth of the first core coincides with the axis of each groove of the second core of the inductor, the non-contact magnetoelectric machine consists of modules - “elementary machines”, the number of teeth on any core of the inductor Z _2N = Z _2S = (m · Z _1m ± 1) · s, where c = 1, 2, 3, 4 ... is the number of modules, Z _1m = 1, 2, 3, 4 ... is the number of teeth of the armature phase in one module. The disadvantage of the prototype is the worst use of the usable volume of the machine compared with the claimed invention.

The aim of the present invention is to improve energy performance, increase the specific moment on the shaft of a non-contact magnetoelectric machine due to the better use of its useful volume.

The objective of the present invention is the optimal choice of the number of pronounced poles of the armature and the number of explicit poles of the inductor excited by permanent magnets that can be arranged radially, tangentially and axially, when performing the m-phase coil winding of the armature of the armature of the arm of the contactless modular magnetoelectric machine.

The technical result of the present invention is the provision of high energy performance, a large specific torque on the shaft in the electric motor mode and a large specific power in the electric generator mode of a contactless modular magnetoelectric machine.

In order to achieve the objective and the technical result of the invention, the non-contact magnetoelectric machine consists of modules. The module is an “elementary machine” as part of a non-contact magnetoelectric machine. The stator of a non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine contains a lined core of the armature with distinct poles, a coil m-phase armature winding, each coil of which is placed on the corresponding distinct pole of the armature, one per pole, the rotor contains an inductor with distinct poles symmetrically distributed over the cylindrical surface, creating magnetic flux of excitation with the help of permanent magnets and forming in the working air gap an alternating polarity of “N - S” magnetic poles. The inductor is attached to a non-magnetic sleeve or non-magnetic shaft (with small rotor diameters). In the present invention, the inductor is the rotor and the armature is the stator. Rotor designs with permanent magnets of any type are possible - with claw-shaped poles and an axial arrangement of permanent magnets, with a radial arrangement of permanent magnets, with a tangential arrangement of permanent magnets (rotor of "collector type"), a mosaic assembled rotor (like ROMC). Possible designs of a non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine with an external armature and an internal inductor, with an internal armature and an external inductor.

A non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine can operate both as an electric generator and as an electric motor in an uncontrolled mode when powered directly from an AC voltage source and controlled by valve modes.

When using a non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine as a synchronous electric motor, power supply to the armature winding can be carried out:

- from an m-phase source of alternating voltage of constant frequency,

- from an m-phase variable voltage source of adjustable frequency,

- from a constant voltage source by means of a controlled inverter supplying a sinusoidal voltage to the phases of the armature winding, depending on the readings of the rotor angular position sensor to achieve maximum torque.

When using a non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine as an electric DC motor with independent excitation, the armature winding can be supplied with rectangular voltage pulses from the electronic switch according to a certain algorithm depending on the readings of the rotor angular position sensor to achieve maximum torque.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1, figure 3 - examples of the invention in the form of cross sections of a contactless modular magnetoelectric machine with a rotor "collector type",

figure 2, figure 4 - examples of the invention in the form of connections of coils of m-phase windings of the armature when the modular magnetoelectric machine is in the mode of an electric motor and vector diagrams of phase currents of the armature,

5 is a General view of a contactless modular magnetoelectric machine with an external armature and internal inductor.

In accordance with the present invention, in order to obtain the best energy performance at the maximum specific moment on the shaft of a contactless modular magnetoelectric machine, the number of pronounced armature poles Z _1P , the number of phases of the m-phase armature winding m = 3, 4, 5, 6, ..., the number of distinct poles in the phase of the module of the armature Z _1c , the number of modules c = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... and the number of pronounced poles of the inductor Z _2P are related by equalities (1) and (2)

moreover, with m = 3, 5, 7, 9, ... - the number of pronounced poles in the phase of the module of the armature Z _1c = 1, with m = 4, 6, 8, 10, ... - the number of pronounced poles in the phase of the module of the armature Z _1c = 2, the winding coils in the phase of the armature module at Z _1c = 2 are magnetically interconnected, the corresponding coils of the armature phase of the different modules are magnetically opposed, the beginning of the armature winding phases can belong to coils focused on the pronounced poles of one of modules, or - to the corresponding coils of any module, armature coil coils, belonging ue one phase and one or different modules, may be interconnected in series, parallel or series-parallel to form the electrical circuits, the ends of the phase winding modules or ends of the armature winding phase thus interconnected circuited.

The module M _{Z is} conveniently denoted as an irreducible fraction M _Z = Z _1P / Z _2P , showing the ratio of the number of pronounced poles of the armature and the number of explicit poles of the inductor in the "elementary machine".

It should be noted that the direction of rotation of the inductor in the operating mode of a non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine by an electric motor is opposite to the direction of rotation of the circular magnetic field of the armature created by the multiphase system of alternating electric currents flowing along the armature winding. This circumstance should be taken into account when calculating the magnetic losses in a machine during its design.

Figure 1-4 presents examples of the implementation of the invention in accordance with equalities (1) and (2). The position of the vectors of the phase currents of the armature in the vector diagram, the directions of the electric currents flowing along the coils of the armature of the armature of the connection diagrams of the coils of the 6-phase armature windings shown in figure 2, and the position of the core of the inductor relative to the armature core of a non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine in the motor mode, shown in figure 1, correspond to the same point in time. The position of the vectors of the phase currents of the armature in the vector diagram, the directions of the electric currents flowing along the coils of the armature of the armature of the connection diagrams of the coils of the 5-phase armature windings shown in Fig. 4, and the position of the core of the inductor relative to the armature core of a non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine in the motor mode, shown in figure 3, correspond to the same point in time. Figure 2 shows the connection diagram of the coils of the 6-phase armature winding for a 2-module electrical machine, in which the coils of one module belonging to the same phase are connected in series, and the sequential electrical circuits of different modules of the same phase are thus included among themselves in parallel. Figure 4 presents the connection diagram of the coils of the 5-phase armature winding for a 3-module electric machine, in which all the coils of different modules belonging to the same phase are connected to each other in series.

Consider the design of a non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine with an external armature and an internal inductor, which is a rotor of the "collector type" (figure 1, figure 3, figure 5). Anchor core 2 remagnetized with a high frequency has pronounced poles 3 and is made of lined from insulated sheets of electrical steel with high magnetic permeability. It is pressed into the housing 7, which can be made of steel or aluminum alloy. An open case is also possible. On each of the pronounced poles of the 3 anchor placed coil winding 4 anchors. Coil winding 4 anchors are made of a winding copper wire or a winding copper bus. They are isolated from the yoke and pronounced poles 3 of the core 2 anchors with case insulation. Using the bearings 10, shaft 5 and bearing shields 9, the inductor is positioned relative to the armature. The shaft 5 is made of steel. The active part of the inductor is assembled from tangentially arranged permanent magnets 8 and clearly marked poles 7 alternating with them so that an alternating polarity of the N-S poles of the inductor is formed in the working air gap and is attached to the sleeve 6 made of non-magnetic material (most often - from aluminum alloy). The explicitly expressed poles 7 of the inductor are made of a material with high magnetic permeability and can be composed of segmental sheets of electrical steel, axially bonded to each other in packages that form the poles, or they can be solid poles made of soft magnetic material, machined mechanically. A non-magnetic sleeve 6 is necessary so that the magnetic flux of the excitation does not close itself, bypassing the working air gap. The magnetic flux of the inductor (Fig. 1, Fig. 3) emerges from the permanent magnets with polarity "N" in the tangential direction, passes through the pronounced poles 7 of the inductor, first in the tangential direction, then in the radial direction toward the air gap, penetrates the air gap between inductor and anchor, passes through the pronounced pole 3 of the anchor in the radial direction from the air gap, the yoke of the core 2 anchors in the tangential direction, then through the pronounced pole 3 of the anchor in the radial direction to the side well, the air gap penetrates the air gap between the inductor and the armature, it enters into the pronounced poles 7 of the inductor in the radial direction, and then into the permanent magnets with polarity “6”, thus closing the magnetic circuit.

Non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine can operate in motor and generator modes.

Consider the motor mode (Fig.1-5). An alternating voltage is supplied to the winding phases of the 4 armature from the power source, an alternating current flows through the winding, inducing a time-varying MDS of the armature. Figure 2 shows a vector diagram of the phase currents of the armature and the connection diagram of the coils of the 6-phase armature winding for a 2-module machine. Figure 4 shows a vector diagram of the phase currents of the armature and the connection diagram of the coils of the 5-phase armature winding for a 3-module machine. Symmetric multiphase voltages applied to the terminals of these windings change in time, and the current vectors in the vector diagrams rotate counterclockwise in the xy coordinate axes. The directions of electric currents shown in the connection diagrams of the coils of the armature windings correspond to the point in time when the phase currents in the vector diagrams are projected onto the ordinate axis. The coils of the winding 4 of the anchor are called a letter denoting belonging to the corresponding phase, and a number denoting the number of the pronounced pole 3 of the core 2 of the armature. For example, coil A1 is a phase A coil located on the first distinct pole 3 of the core 2 of the armature. When alternating electric armature 4 windings flow through the winding coils, the pronounced poles 3 of the armature, being magnetized, form time-varying southern magnetic poles “S” and northern magnetic poles “N” with variable MDS anchors. The pronounced poles 7 of the inductor are excited by permanent magnets 8 and form the south magnetic poles “S” and the north magnetic poles “N” of the inductor with alternating polarity, which do not change in time and with constant MDS. Due to the interaction of the variable MDS of the armature with the constant of the MDS of the inductor, unidirectional torque is applied to the rotor. In accordance with the present invention, in one period of a change in the magnetic field, the rotor rotates into two pole divisions of the inductor, i.e. by 2 · t _2P , where t _2P = 360 ° / Z _2p . As a result, when the supply phase voltage changes applied to the armature winding with a frequency f (Hz), the rotor moves with a synchronous rotation speed n = 120 · f / Z _2P (r / min). The direction of rotation of the rotor in figure 1 and figure 3 is shown by an arrow with the letter "n".

Consider the generator mode (Fig.1-5). When the rotor rotates with an external source of torque with a rotational speed n, the constant magnetic flux of the inductor created by the permanent magnets 8 penetrates the air gap and the pronounced pole 3 of the armature from the side of the inductor, then from the side of the arm, creates an alternating magnetic flux in the pronounced pole 3 of the armature, inducing a variable EMF in the coils of the winding 4 of the armature. In the coils of the winding 4 anchors belonging to the same phase, at the same time, the same EMF are induced, which, when combined, form the EMF of this phase. If the external circuit - the load circuit is closed, then an m-phase electric current flows through winding 4 of the armature, electric power is given to the consumer.

Claims (7)

1. A non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine consisting of modules, the number of which is c = 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., and containing an armature with an m-phase coil winding and an inductor with poles, characterized in that the stator contains a lined core of the armature with clearly expressed poles, a coil m-phase winding of the armature, each coil of which is placed on the corresponding pronounced pole of the armature one at a time on the pole, the rotor contains an inductor with distinct poles symmetrically distributed over the cylindrical surface, creating a magnetic excitation current by means of permanent magnets and alternating polarity “NS” of magnetic poles forming in the working air gap, the active part of the inductor is mounted on a non-magnetic sleeve, the number of pronounced armature poles Z _1P , the number of phases of the m-phase armature winding m = 3, 4, 5 , 6, ..., the number of pronounced poles in the phase of the armature module Z _1c , the number of modules c and the number of pronounced poles of the inductor Z _2P are related by equalities (1) and (2):

moreover, with m = 3, 5, 7, 9, ... the number of pronounced poles in the phase of the armature module Z _1c = 1, with m = 4, 6, 8, 10, ... the number of pronounced poles in the phase of the armature module Z _1c = 2 , the coil coils in the phase of the armature module at Z _1c = 2 are magnetically interconnected according to each other, the corresponding coil coils of the armature phase of the different modules are magnetically connected in opposite directions. 2. The non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchor is located outside, the inductor inside. 3. The non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the inductor is located outside, the anchor inside. 4. Non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the rotor is made with claw-shaped poles and an axial arrangement of permanent magnets. 5. The non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the rotor is made with a radial arrangement of permanent magnets, which are clearly expressed poles of the inductor and attached to the soft magnetic core. 6. Non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the rotor is made with a tangential arrangement of permanent magnets (rotor "collector type"). 7. Non-contact modular magnetoelectric machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the rotor is made of a mosaic precast (type POMC).

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