PH12017000114A1 - Power conditioner - Google Patents

Power conditioner Download PDF

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Publication number
PH12017000114A1
PH12017000114A1 PH12017000114A PH12017000114A PH12017000114A1 PH 12017000114 A1 PH12017000114 A1 PH 12017000114A1 PH 12017000114 A PH12017000114 A PH 12017000114A PH 12017000114 A PH12017000114 A PH 12017000114A PH 12017000114 A1 PH12017000114 A1 PH 12017000114A1
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Philippines
Prior art keywords
electric power
power
value
internal load
controlled variable
Prior art date
Application number
PH12017000114A
Inventor
Akihiro Tsukada
Kazuya Nishizawa
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of PH12017000114A1 publication Critical patent/PH12017000114A1/en

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  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Feedback Control In General (AREA)

Abstract

An operator of a power conditioner includes: an average value calculator configured to calculate an average value of an inverter electric power; an instruction value calculator configured to subtract the average value from a total target value to calculate a first instruction value for an internal load electric power; a first ontrol device configured to calculate a first controlled variable, the first controlled variable being configured to cause a present value of the internal load electric power to follow the first instruction value; and a second control device configured to calculate a second controlled variable, the second controlled variable being configured to cause the present value of the internal load electric power to follow an instantaneous value of the inverter electric power. The operator is configured to additively use the first controlled variable and the second controlled variable to calculate a final instruction value for the internal load electric power.

Description

described above. As the second controlled variable, any given controlled variable that - causes the heater electric power to follow the INV instantaneous electric power can be & used. o
For example, when the sudden change in electric power consumed by the load 202 suddenly changes the inverter electric power, the second control device 112 causes - the heater electric power to instantly follow the inverter electric power (INV - instantaneous electric power). For example, a sudden increase in power consumption o by the load 202 also suddenly increases the inverter electric power (INV instantaneous . electric power). Therefore, the power consumption by the heater 120 is also preferably suddenly reduced corresponding to the increase. Accordingly, the second control device 112 calculates the second controlled variable by multiplying the INV instantaneous electric power by the gain. Furthermore, the second control device 112 applies the second controlled variable to the first target value, thus enhancing following capability of the heater electric power with respect to the sudden change in inverter electric power (INV instantaneous electric power).
The average value calculator 114 calculates an average value of the inverter electric power (for example, an average value of the inverter electric power of half cycles by three times) in a predetermined period. The instruction value calculator 115 subtracts the average value of the inverter electric power from the target value of the sum of the inverter electric power and the heater electric power (total target value, for example, 700 W) to calculate an instruction value for the heater electric power.
The first control device 111 calculates a first controlled variable, which causes the present value of the heater electric power to follow the instruction value from the instruction value calculator 115. That is, the first control device 111 receives the instruction value for the heater electric power (first instruction value). The first control device 111 calculates the controlled variable (first controlled variable) to cause the v heater electric power (the power consumption by the heater 120) to approach the © instruction value. Furthermore, the first control device 111 subtracts the first - controlled variable from the instruction value, thus calculating a control target value for i the heater electric power (first target value). Specifically, the first control device 111 ol performs a PI control on a difference between the instruction value and a present value = of the heater electric power (HT electric power) to calculate the first controlled variable. o
The first control device 111 applies the first controlled variable to the instruction value - (subtracts the first controlled variable from the instruction value), thus calculating the first target value.
The first controlled variable has an action of controlling the heater electric power such that the sum of the inverter electric power and the heater electric power heads for the total target value (for example, 700 W). Note that, the instruction value, an input to the first control device 111, is calculated using the average value of the inverter electric power. Accordingly, due to a calculation delay and the like, the sum of these values does not always coordinate the total target value momentarily in some cases. In both cases, the first controlled variable (a control using the first controlled variable) has an action of controlling an inverter electric power effective value and a heater electric power effective value so as to head for the total target value.
The third control device 113 receives the second target value to calculate a drive signal output to the heater 120 using the second target value. That is, the third control device 113 calculates a third controlled variable based on a difference between the second target value and the present value of the heater electric power. The third control device 113 may calculate the final instruction value for the heater electric power based on the third controlled variable.
Specifically, the third control device 113 can perform the following procedure. i (1) A difference Err between the second target value and the present value of the heater 5 electric power (HT electric power) is obtained. (2) The difference Err is integrated to obtain an integral value ErrInt. (3) The difference Err is multiplied by a gain Gp and = the integral value Errlnt is multiplied by a gain Gi. These multiplication results are ~ added to the second target value (second target value = second target value + Err x Gp + =
ErrInt x Gi) to perform the PI control (the new second target value is obtained). (4) o
The obtained second target value is multiplied by a gain K to calculate the PWM drive - signal output to the heater 120. <Concept of Control in Embodiment>
Controlling the heater 120 by the use of only the second controlled variable possibly results in poor convergence of instruction value due to excessive influence from a transitive variation of the inverter electric power (for example, the second target value, a new second target value, or a PWM drive signal). For example, a phenomenon that, before the sum of the inverter electric power and the heater electric power reaches to the total target value, the instruction value for the heater electric power transitions to an opposite polarity possibly occurs. Alternatively, a phenomenon that, even if reaching to the total target value, the sum of the inverter electric power and the heater electric power soon deviates from the total target value possibly occurs. This delays the conveyance of the sum of the inverter electric power and the heater electric power to the total target value. Consequently, the output current from the fuel cell 201 suddenly changes, promoting the deterioration of the fuel cell 201.
Accordingly, the embodiment adds a process to control the sum of the inverter electric power and the heater electric power so as to head for the total target value with the average value of the inverter electric power as a reference (that is, the control using the first controlled variable) to a control using the second controlled variable for use. -
Although a time delay occurs, from an aspect of the effective value, the first - controlled variable (the control using the first controlled variable) has an action of - transitioning the sum of the inverter electric power and the heater electric power to the i total target value. Accordingly, even in the case where it is difficult to converge the . instruction value well by the control using only the second controlled variable, the use = of the first controlled variable (the control using the first controlled variable) in 5 combination comprehensively generates an action of converging the sum of the inverter - electric power and the heater electric power to the total target value.
Meanwhile, the second controlled variable (the control using the second controlled variable) has an action of causing the heater electric power to follow the momentary sudden change of the inverter electric power. As described above, in this embodiment, the operator 110 additively (consecutively) uses the first controlled variable (the control using the first controlled variable) and the second controlled variable (the control using the second controlled variable) to calculate the final instruction value for the internal load electric power (for example, the second target value, the new second target value, or the PWM drive signal). This comprehensively converges the sum of the inverter electric power and the heater electric power to the total target value. Additionally, this ensures restraining a degree of deviation of the sum of the inverter electric power and the heater electric power from the total target value due to the sudden change of the inverter electric power. That is, this ensures restraining the sudden change of the output current from the fuel cell 201.
Consequently, the deterioration of the fuel cell 201 can be restrained. <Modification>
Hardware such as a circuit device that implements functions of the operator
110 and respective functional units in the operator 110 can achieve the operator 110 and ~ the respective functional units. An execution of software implementing the equivalent ® functions by an arithmetic device such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) also ensures achieving the operator 110 and the respective functional units. =
In the above-described explanation, the power conditioner 100 is supplied with - the electric power from the fuel cell 201. Meanwhile, a power conditioner that is = supplied with the electric power from another cell (for example, a solar cell) can also & employ the configuration similar to the embodiment.
The above-described explanation gives the heater 120 as an example of the internal load provided with the power conditioner 100. It is only necessary for the internal load to be a member that can achieve the action of maintaining the sum of the inverter electric power and the internal load electric power to be constant through the consumption of the electric power supplied from the cell. As the internal load, an internal load of another type (for example, an appropriate electrical resistor) can also be used. The use of the heater 120 can use the heat generated by the electric power consumption (for example, boiling of water). Therefore, the use of the heater 120 is preferable from the aspect of energy efficiency.
In a commercial power supply shut-off period, which is a period during which the shut-off of the electric power supply from the commercial power supply to the heater 120 is detected, the operator 110 may supply the electric power to the heater 120 and control the heater electric power such that the sum of the inverter electric power and the heater electric power becomes the total target value. Meanwhile, in a period other than the commercial power supply shut-off period, the operator 110 may stop supplying the electric power to the heater 120 and controlling the heater electric power.
It can be said that the embodiment of the present invention relates to a power conditioner that is supplied with the electric power from the cell to provide the electric 0 power to the load. =
The average value calculator 114 may calculate an average value of the electric - power output from the inverter 130 (for example, an average value of half cycles by + three times). =
The embodiment may add a process to control the sum of the inverter electric = power and the heater electric power so as to head for the total target value with the - average value of the inverter electric power as a reference (that is, the control using the - first controlled variable) to the second controlled variable to additively use the process.
The embodiments of the present invention may be the following first to sixth power conditioners.
The first power conditioner is a power conditioner that is supplied with an electric power from a cell to provide the electric power to a load. The power conditioner includes an inverter, an internal load, and an operator. The inverter is configured to convert a DC power supplied from the cell into an AC power. The inverter is configured to output the AC power to the load. The internal load is configured to consume the DC power. The operator is configured to control the internal load electric power such that a sum of an inverter electric power and an internal load electric power becomes a total target value. The inverter is configured to output the inverter electric power. The internal load is configured to consume the internal load electric power. The operator includes an average value calculator, an instruction value calculator, a first control device, and a second control device. The average value calculator is configured to calculate an average value of the inverter electric power in a predetermined period. The instruction value calculator is configured to subtract the average value from the total target value to calculate an instruction value for the internal load electric power. The first control device is configured to calculate a first - controlled variable. The first controlled variable is configured to cause a present value - of the internal load electric power to follow the instruction value. The second control - device is configured to calculate a second controlled variable. The second controlled variable is configured to cause the present value of the internal load electric power to o follow an instantaneous value of the inverter electric power. The operator is configured to control a sum of an effective value of the inverter electric power and an - effective value of the internal load electric power so as to head for the total target value . by additively using the first controlled variable and the second controlled variable.
The operator is configured to restrain a degree of deviation of a sum of the instantaneous value of the inverter electric power and an instantaneous value of the internal load electric power from the total target value.
In the second power conditioner according to the first power conditioner, the first control device is configured to calculate the first controlled variable based on a i difference between the instruction value and the present value of the internal load electric power and subtract the first controlled variable from the instruction value to calculate a first target value of the internal load electric power. The second control device is configured to multiply the instantaneous value of the inverter electric power by a gain calculated based on a difference between the total target value and the first target value to calculate the second controlled variable. The second control device is configured to subtract the second controlled variable from the first target value to calculate a second target value of the internal load electric power.
In the third power conditioner according to the second power conditioner, the operator further includes a third control device. The third control device is configured to calculate a third controlled variable based on a difference between the second target value and the present value of the internal load electric power. v
In the fourth power conditioner according to the first power conditioner, the = operator is configured to supply the electric power to the internal load and perform the - control when a shut-off of the commercial power supply is detected. The operator is de configured not to perform the control in a different period. .
In the fifth power conditioner according to the first power conditioner, the , internal load is a heater configured to convert the electric power into heat energy. o :
In the sixth power conditioner according to the first power conditioner, the cell - ~ is a fuel cell. The power conditioner is configured to be supplied with the electric power from the fuel cell.
The foregoing detailed description has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the subject matter described herein to the precise form disclosed. Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims appended hereto.
POWER CONDITIONER - .
BACKGROUND ~ 1. Technical Field iN 5 The present invention relates to a power conditioner. i" 2. Description of the Related Art =
A power conditioner is a device that is supplied with a DC power from a battery cell such as a solar cell or a fuel cell to supply an electric power to an electric apparatus (load). Generally, the power conditioner has a self-sustained operation function. The self-sustained operation function is a function that provides the electric power supplied from the cell to the electric apparatus as an emergency power supply in case of a power failure of a commercial power supply. In case of the power failure of the commercial power supply, a user disconnects the electric apparatus from a commercial power supply outlet and couples the electric apparatus to a power supply outlet provided with the power conditioner. The power conditioner in a self-sustained operation mode supplies the electric power supplied from the cell to the electric apparatus.
In the case where the electric power consumed by the load varies, as long as the electric power output from the cell can be varied according to the variation of the power consumption, the supplied electric power and power consumption can be coordinated.
However, depending on a type of the cell, it is difficult to instantly response to the load variation in some cases. Therefore, the power conditioner generally maintains the cell output constant in the self-sustained operation mode and consumes surplus power by an internal load (for example, a heater). This allows maintaining the cell output itself constant and coordinating the supplied electric power with the power consumption. -
A technical problem of JP-A-2015-156769 is to provide a power conditioner @ that can restrain a power loss of a driving circuit for an internal load, which consumes - the surplus power during the self-sustained operation. This patent publication 5 discloses the following technique (see ABSTRACT). When the surplus power during ~ the self-sustained operation is equal to or more than a predetermined electric power, a = controller 8 of a power conditioner 1 controls a switching element Q10 that controls an > energization to an internal load 10 to be an ON state. The controller 8 also performs a - variable control on an output voltage of a converter circuit 4 to change a voltage of a
DC link unit 6 while causing the internal load 10 to consume the surplus power. On the other hand, when the surplus power is less than the predetermined electric power, the controller 8 controls the output voltage from the converter circuit 4 to be constant to fix the voltage of the DC link unit 6. The controller 8 further controls an ON/OFF duty ratio of the switching element Q10 to cause the internal load 10 to consume the surplus power.
The conventional power conditioner as described as an example in
JP-A-2015-156769 includes, for example, a heater as an internal load. The power conditioner controls the heater such that a sum of an electric power output from an inverter (that is, an electric power supplied to the load, hereinafter referred to as an inverter electric power) and an electric power consumed by the heater (hereinafter referred to as a heater electric power) becomes constant.
The control controls the heater electric power using an effective value (rms) of the inverter electric power as a reference. However, caused by an operation time when the effective value is obtained, a process to control the heater electric power correspondingly delays. Then, in the case where the inverter electric power 2
A
CL ———————r—————————————————————————————————————————— TT momentarily changes suddenly, the sum of the inverter electric power and the heater ~ electric power momentarily deviates from a target value. This results in a sudden ® change in current output from the battery cell. The sudden change in output current of the battery cell generally causes a deterioration of the battery cell. ; :
SUMMARY =
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems.
An object of the present invention is to provide a power conditioner that can restrain a - sudden change in output current of a battery cell even at a sudden change in inverter electric power.
A power conditioner according to one aspect of the present invention includes: an inverter configured to convert a DC power supplied from a cell into an AC power, the inverter being configured to output the AC power to a load; an internal load configured to consume the DC power; and an operator configured to control an internal load electric power such that a sum of an inverter electric power and the internal load electric power becomes a total target value, the inverter electric power being an electric power output from the inverter, the internal load electric power being an electric power consumed by the internal load. The operator includes: an average value calculator configured to calculate an average value of the inverter electric power in a oo predetermined period; an instruction value calculator configured to subtract the average - value from the total target value to calculate a first instruction value for the internal load electric power; a first control device configured to calculate a first controlled variable, the first controlled variable being configured to cause a present value of the internal load electric power to follow the first instruction value; and a second control device configured to calculate a second controlled variable, the second controlled variable
Ea being configured to cause the present value of the internal load electric power to follow - an instantaneous value of the inverter electric power. The operator is configured to ’ > additively use the first controlled variable and the second controlled variable to - calculate a final instruction value for the internal load electric power. -.
A power conditioner according to one aspect of the present invention may be ol configured to calculate a first controlled variable and a second controlled variable. =
The first controlled variable is configured to cause a sum of an inverter electric power ol effective value and an internal load electric power effective value to head for a target - value. The second controlled variable is configured to cause a present value of the internal load electric power to follow an inverter electric power instantaneous value.
A power conditioner according to one aspect of the present invention can control a sum of an inverter electric power effective value and an internal load electric power effective value to be constant and cause a heater electric power to follow a sudden change in inverter electric power. This ensures restraining a sudden change in output current from a battery cell.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a function block diagram describing a configuration of a power conditioner.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
In the following detailed description, for purpose of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are schematically shown in order to simplify the drawing. - <Device Configuration in Embodiment> =
Fig. 1 is a function block diagram describing the configuration of a power - conditioner 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The power - conditioner 100 is a device that is supplied with a DC power from a fuel cell 201, . converts the DC power into an AC power, and outputs the AC power to a load (external = load) 202. For example, in case of a power failure of a commercial power supply, the ol power conditioner 100 transitions to a self-sustained operation mode through a detection - of the power failure or a reception of a user operation. The user couples the load 202 to an outlet provided with the power conditioner 100. The power conditioner 100 supplies the load 202 with the electric power via the outlet.
The power conditioner 100 includes an operator 110, a heater 120, and an inverter 130. The inverter 130 converts the DC power supplied from the fuel cell 201 into the AC power and outputs the AC power to the load 202. The heater 120 is an internal load that consumes the DC power. That is, the heater 120 converts the electric power into heat energy. The heater 120 is supplied with the electric power from the fuel cell 201 and converts the electric power into the heat energy, thus consuming the electric power. The operator 110 controls an operation of the heater 120 to maintain a sum of the electric power output from the inverter 130 (inverter electric power) and the electric power consumed by the heater 120 (heater electric power: internal load electric power) to be constant. The following describes a specific control procedure of the operator 110.
The operator 110 controls the heater 120 so as to maintain the sum of the heater electric power and the inverter electric power to be constant in the self-sustained operation mode. That is, the operator 110 controls the heater electric power such that hp
Lorig em : oo or . ! Er the sum of the inverter electric power, which is the electric power output from the o inverter 130, and the heater electric power, which is the electric power consumed by the © heater 120, becomes a total target value. The heater 120 needs not to be operated in - usual operation. The operator 110 includes a first control device 111, a second control = device 112, a third control device 113, an average value calculator 114, and an . instruction value calculator 115. For convenience of explanation, the following = describes the second control device 112 first. “
The second control device 112 calculates a second controlled variable, which - causes the present value of the heater electric power to follow an instantaneous value of the inverter electric power. The second control device 112 receives a first target value, which will be described later, from the first control device 111. The second control device 112 multiplies the instantaneous value of the inverter electric power (INV instantaneous electric power) by a gain to calculate the second controlled variable.
The second control device 112 subtracts the second controlled variable from the first target value to calculate a second target value of the heater electric power. The second target value is a control target value for the heater 120. That is, the second target value is configured such that the power consumption by the heater 120 follows the INV instantaneous electric power. The operator 110 may calculate a final instruction value for the heater electric power based on the second target value.
The second controlled variable is a controlled variable causing the heater electric power to follow the sudden change in inverter electric power. For example, the gain is calculated based on a difference between the total target value and the first target value. The gain is obtained by, for example, the following formula: gain = 1/ (Ka + (total target value — first target value x Kb)). Here, Ka and Kb are constants.
However, the second controlled variable is not limited to the value obtained as

Claims (9)

1. A power conditioner comprising: % an inverter configured to convert a DC power supplied from a cell into an AC - power, the inverter being configured to output the AC power to a load; nN an internal load configured to consume the DC power; and . an operator configured to control an internal load electric power such that a o sum of an inverter electric power and the internal load electric power becomes a total > target value, the inverter electric power being an electric power output from the inverter, the internal load electric power being an electric power consumed by the internal load, wherein the operator includes: an average value calculator configured to calculate an average value of the inverter electric power in a predetermined period; an instruction value calculator configured to subtract the average value from the total target value to calculate a first instruction value for the internal load electric power; a first control device configured to calculate a first controlled variable, the first controlled variable being configured to cause a present value of the internal load electric power to follow the first instruction value; and a second control device configured to calculate a second controlled variable, the second controlled variable being configured to cause the present value of the internal load electric power to follow an instantaneous value of the inverter electric power, and the operator is configured to additively use the first controlled variable and the second controlled variable to calculate a final instruction value for the internal load o electric power. “i
2. The power conditioner according to claim 1, wherein - the first control device is configured to calculate the first controlled variable be based on a difference between the first instruction value and the present value of the . internal load electric power and subtract the first controlled variable from the first = instruction value to calculate a first target value of the internal load electric power, and o the second control device is configured to multiply the instantaneous value of B the inverter electric power by a gain calculated based on a difference between the total target value and the first target value to calculate the second controlled variable, the second control device being configured to subtract the second controlled variable from the first target value to calculate a second target value of the internal load electric power.
3. The power conditioner according to claim 2, wherein the operator is configured to calculate the final instruction value for the internal load electric power based on the second target value.
4. The power conditioner according to claim 2, wherein the operator further includes a third control device configured to calculate a third controlled variable based on a difference between the second target value and the present value of the internal load electric power.
5. The power conditioner according to claim 4, wherein the third control device is configured to calculate the final instruction value for the internal load electric power based on the third controlled variable. =
6. The power conditioner according to claim 1, wherein - the operator is configured to supply the electric power to the internal load and = control the internal load electric power in a commercial power supply shut-off period, - the commercial power supply shut-off period being a period during which a shut-off of = an electric power supply from a commercial power supply to the load is detected. a
7. The power conditioner according to claim 6, wherein the operator is configured to stop supplying the electric power to the internal load and controlling the internal load electric power in a period other than the commercial power supply shut-off period.
8. The power conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the internal load is a heater configured to convert an electric power into heat energy.
9. The power conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the cell is a fuel cell, and the power conditioner is configured to be supplied with an electric power from the fuel cell.
PH12017000114A 2016-04-05 2017-04-04 Power conditioner PH12017000114A1 (en)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07211336A (en) * 1994-01-18 1995-08-11 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Fuel cell power generating system
RU2187872C1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2002-08-20 Ульяновский государственный технический университет Hybrid passive power corrector and its control process
JP2006238630A (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-09-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Power conversion device
US20060214509A1 (en) * 2003-05-07 2006-09-28 Ebara Densan Ltd. Power supply including system interconnection inverter
CN102255550A (en) * 2011-07-04 2011-11-23 华北电力大学 Power supply splitting phase device based on three-phase bridge inverter circuit and control method thereof
KR20130066510A (en) * 2011-12-12 2013-06-20 산요 덴키 가부시키가이샤 Motor control device
US20140005846A1 (en) * 2011-12-13 2014-01-02 Dae Kyung Engineering Co., Ltd System and method for controlling micro-grid operation
CN204945342U (en) * 2015-09-01 2016-01-06 国家电网公司 The differential proving installation in transforming plant DC power-supply system loop

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07211336A (en) * 1994-01-18 1995-08-11 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Fuel cell power generating system
RU2187872C1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2002-08-20 Ульяновский государственный технический университет Hybrid passive power corrector and its control process
US20060214509A1 (en) * 2003-05-07 2006-09-28 Ebara Densan Ltd. Power supply including system interconnection inverter
JP2006238630A (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-09-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Power conversion device
CN102255550A (en) * 2011-07-04 2011-11-23 华北电力大学 Power supply splitting phase device based on three-phase bridge inverter circuit and control method thereof
KR20130066510A (en) * 2011-12-12 2013-06-20 산요 덴키 가부시키가이샤 Motor control device
US20140005846A1 (en) * 2011-12-13 2014-01-02 Dae Kyung Engineering Co., Ltd System and method for controlling micro-grid operation
CN204945342U (en) * 2015-09-01 2016-01-06 国家电网公司 The differential proving installation in transforming plant DC power-supply system loop

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