KR20220076006A - Patch including photoreactive substance - Google Patents

Abstract

A patch comprising a photoreactive material according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a surface layer comprising a photoreactive material emitting far-infrared rays by absorbing light; and a colloid layer applied to the bottom surface of the surface layer and including a hydrophilic polymer material, wherein the hydrophilic polymer material absorbs moisture on the surface to be adsorbed, and may be heated by far-infrared rays emitted by the photoreactive material.

Description

A patch comprising a photoreactive material {PATCH INCLUDING PHOTOREACTIVE SUBSTANCE}

The present invention relates to a patch comprising a photoreactive material.

An ideal patch should maintain a moist environment in the wound area, have adequate absorbency and moisture permeability, and should be formulated to prevent drying of the wound surface and prevent maceration (erosion) of surrounding normal skin.

In addition, functions such as protection of the wound from the outside and prevention of bacterial invasion must be provided, and when exchanged, it must not adhere to the wound surface and damage new tissues, and non-irritation is required. In response to these requirements, patches using hydrocolloids are increasing recently.

The hydrocolloid patch has the advantage of being able to easily adhere to the skin because it is thin and has self-adhesiveness. Taking advantage of these advantages, hydrocolloid patches were used for wound protection and skin regeneration for mild burns, acute and chronic wounds. Patch products appeared.

However, in the case of a product using a hydrocolloid patch, there was a disadvantage in that the absorption of medicinal substances was weak compared to a foam-type dressing band. Therefore, research on a method for increasing the absorption of medicinal substances in patches using hydrocolloids is recently required.

The present invention has been devised to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a patch containing a photoreactive material capable of improving skin absorption of a medicinal material.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a patch including a photoreactive material capable of generating heat by itself through absorption.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a patch including a photoreactive material capable of increasing the skin irradiation efficiency of light by minimizing the loss of light due to reflection and diffuse reflection through absorption and condensing.

A patch comprising a photoreactive material according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a surface layer comprising a photoreactive material emitting far-infrared rays by absorbing light; and a colloid layer applied to the bottom surface of the surface layer and including a hydrophilic polymer material, wherein the hydrophilic polymer material absorbs moisture on the surface to be adsorbed, and may be heated by far-infrared rays emitted by the photoreactive material.

A patch comprising a photoreactive material according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a surface layer; and a colloid layer applied to the bottom surface of the surface layer and comprising a hydrophilic polymer material and a photoreactive material that absorbs light and emits far-infrared rays; The material can be heated by the far-infrared rays it emits.

In addition, the photoreactive material may emit far infrared rays by absorbing visible or near infrared rays.

In addition, the photoreactive material may include at least one of zirconium, germanium, and illite.

In addition, the hydrophilic polymer may be provided with cellulose (cellulose).

In addition, the surface layer and the colloid layer may be provided integrally.

The patch including the photoreactive material according to the embodiments of the present invention has an effect of improving the skin absorption rate of the medicinal material.

In addition, the patch including the photoreactive material according to the embodiments of the present invention has the effect of generating heat by itself through absorption.

In addition, the patch including the photoreactive material according to the embodiments of the present invention has the effect of increasing the skin irradiation efficiency of light by minimizing the loss of light due to reflection and diffuse reflection through light absorption and collection.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a patch including a photoreactive material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the patch including the photoreactive material of FIG. 1 ;
3 is a cross-sectional view of a patch including a photoreactive material according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the patch including the photoreactive material of FIG. 3 ;
5 is a cross-sectional view of a patch including a photoreactive material according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the patch including the photoreactive material of FIG. 5 .
7 is a cross-sectional view of a patch including a photoreactive material according to another embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a cross-sectional view of a patch including a photoreactive material according to another embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a cross-sectional view of a patch comprising a photoreactive material according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, specific embodiments for implementing the spirit of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

In addition, in the description of the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In addition, when it is said that a component is 'connected', 'supported', or 'contacted' to another component, it may be directly connected, supported, or contacted with the other component, but it is understood that other components may exist in the middle. it should be

The terminology used herein is only used to describe specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In addition, in the present specification, the expressions of the upper side, the lower side, the side, etc. are described with reference to the drawings, and it is to be noted in advance that if the direction of the corresponding object is changed, it may be expressed differently. For the same reason, some components are exaggerated, omitted, or schematically illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and the size of each component does not fully reflect the actual size.

Also, terms including an ordinal number such as 1st, 2nd, etc. may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

The meaning of "comprising," as used herein, specifies a particular characteristic, region, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, and other specific characteristic, region, integer, step, operation, element, component, and/or group. It does not exclude the existence or addition of

1 and 2, the patch 1 comprising a photoreactive material according to an embodiment of the present invention is attached to the transparent surface layer 100, the bottom surface of the transparent surface layer 100, and the photoreactive material 210 The photoreactive layer 200 including the photoreactive layer 200 and the drug layer 300 including the medicament 310 which is applied to the bottom surface of the photoreactive layer 200 and is ionized by the photoreactive material 210 may be included. have.

The transparent surface layer 100 may mean an uppermost layer of the patch 1 including a photoreactive material. The transparent surface layer 100 may include any one of a hydrophobic elastomer matrix and a hydrocolloid dispersed in the matrix, a polymer film, and a polyurethane film. For example, the transparent surface layer 100 may be composed of 100 parts by weight of a hydrophobic elastic polymer and 70 to 150 parts by weight of hydrocolloid particles.

Hydrophobic elastomers include, for example, natural rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, butyl rubber (eg isoprene and isobutylene copolymer), or halogenated butyl rubber, styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer (Styrene-Isoprene). -Styrene Triblock copolymer) may include at least one. However, the hydrophobic elastomer is not limited to the suggested examples and may be replaced with a hydrophobic elastomer commonly used in the art.

A hydrocolloid is a particle having a network structure in which a hydrophilic polymer forms a three-dimensional cross-link by a physical bond, such as a hydrogen bond, van der Waals force, or hydrophobic interaction, or a chemical bond, such as a covalent bond. It can show high moisture content. The hydrophilic polymer constituting these hydrocolloid particles is a natural hydrophilic polymer, for example, pectin, gelatin, cellulose, specifically, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), collagen, dextran, elastin, chitin, chitosan, sodium alginate (Sodium Alginate) ); or synthetic hydrophilic polymer polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyurethane (Polyurethane), polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate ( Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate), silicone; or a combination thereof. The hydrocolloid particles may further include a crosslinking agent for forming the hydrophilic polymer into a three-dimensional network structure, and the crosslinking agent is calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, zinc nitrate ( Zinc Nitrate), Zinc Chloride, Zinc Sulfate, Ammonium Persulfate, or Glutaraldehyde. The crosslinking agent is not limited thereto, and may vary depending on the type of the hydrophilic polymer. In one example, the hydrocolloid particles may be alginate crosslinked by calcium ions.

In addition, the transparent surface layer 100 may include chlorophyll. Chlorophyll has a stacked molecular structure, and can improve the light collection efficiency of the transparent surface layer 100 . In addition, the transparent surface layer 100 may include various additives capable of improving light collection efficiency in addition to chlorophyll.

The transparent surface layer 100 may further include an adhesive and/or a plasticizer. The tackifiers include phenol-modified terpenes; rosin esters such as glycerol esters of rosin and pentaerythritol esters of rosin; elastomeric adhesives such as polyisobutylene, non-elastomeric adhesives including synthetic polyterpene adhesives, or combinations of two or more thereof. Plasticizers may be used to provide wetting action and/or viscosity control. These plasticizers are well known in the art and are liquid or soft adhesives, waxes, including hydrocarbon oils, liquid hydrocarbon resins, liquid polyterpenes, liquid poly(isobutylene) such as GLISSOPAL, and the like. , and oil mixtures. As an example, the plasticizer may be paraffin wax.

In addition, the transparent surface layer 100 is a small amount of other components, for example, as well known in the art, antioxidants, deodorants, fragrances, antimicrobial agents, pharmacologically active agents such as wound healing factors (healing promoter), etc. may further contain.

On the other hand, the transparent surface layer 100 may be provided with a convex top surface so that the thickness increases toward the inside. By providing the transparent surface layer 100 in a convex shape as described above, when light is irradiated to the transparent surface layer 100 , the light absorption efficiency of the transparent surface layer 100 can be improved.

A photoreactive layer 200 may be provided on the bottom surface of the transparent surface layer 100 . When light is irradiated through the transparent surface layer 100, the photoreactive layer 200 ionizes the medicinal substance 310 included in the drug layer 300 to improve skin absorption of the medicinal substance 310.

The photoreactive layer 200 may include a photoreactive material 210 therein. The photoreactive material 210 may absorb light to ionize the medicinal material 310 . The photoreactive material 210 may be provided with various materials capable of ionizing the medicinal material 310 , for example, the photoreactive material 210 may be provided with phytochrome.

Phytochrome is a light-sensitive pigment protein in plants, and it is a protein that can control various photomorphogenesis according to plant development, such as seed germination, stem elongation, and flowering. By detecting changes according to the presence or absence of light and appropriate wavelength, this change can be used to control the expression of various genetic factors that cause morphological changes in the plant, thereby exerting its function.

For example, phytochrome included in the patch 1 including a photoreactive material according to an embodiment of the present invention may be activated by red light of a wavelength of 660 nm and inactivated by near-infrared light of a wavelength of 730 nm.

When the phytochrome is activated, the phytochrome may ionize the medicinal substance 310 included in the drug layer 300 . As such, when phytochrome ionizes the medicinal substance 310, the absorption rate at which the medicinal substance 310 is absorbed into the skin may be improved.

The drug layer 300 may be applied to the bottom surface of the photoreactive layer 200 . The drug layer 300 may include a drug substance 310 that is absorbed through the skin of the patient when the patch 1 including the photoreactive material is adhered to the affected part of the patient. At this time, the medicinal substance 310 may be ionized by the photoreactive material 210 of the photoreactive layer 200 to be effectively absorbed into the skin.

The medicinal substance 310 may be provided with various medicinal substances that are absorbed into the skin, such as a sterilizing agent, a disinfectant, an anti-inflammatory agent, and an analgesic, and exhibit medicinal effects. For example, the medicinal substance 310 may include at least one of piroxicam, diclofenac, and fluoropropene.

The drug layer 300 may be applied in a lattice pattern on the bottom surface of the photoreactive layer 200 (see FIG. 2(a)), or dispersed in a dotted shape (see FIG. 2(b)). In this case, the photoreactive layer 200 may be applied to the transparent surface layer 100 in a flat plate shape. However, it is also possible to apply the photoreactive layer 200 and the drug layer 300 in a grid pattern, respectively. In other words, the photoreactive layer 200 is applied in a pattern in which a plurality of stripes are spaced apart in one direction on the bottom surface of the transparent surface layer 100, and the drug layer 300 is a plurality of stripes spaced apart to cross the photoreactive layer. It can be applied in a pattern. The method of applying the photoreactive layer 200 and the drug layer 300 is not limited to the proposed embodiment and can be variously changed.

Meanwhile, referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 , the patch 1 including the photoreactive material according to another embodiment of the present invention may include the photoreactive material 210 in the transparent surface layer 100 . In other words, the patch 1 including the photoreactive material according to another embodiment of the present invention is applied to the bottom surface of the transparent surface layer 100 and the transparent surface layer 100 including the photoreactive material 210, and the photoreactive material 210 ) may include a drug layer 300 comprising a drug substance 310 that is ionized by the promoted.

The transparent surface layer 100 may include any one of a hydrophobic elastomer matrix and a hydrocolloid dispersed in the matrix, a polymer film, and a polyurethane film. For example, the transparent surface layer 100 may be composed of 100 parts by weight of a hydrophobic elastic polymer and 70 to 150 parts by weight of hydrocolloid particles.

Hydrophobic elastomers include, for example, natural rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, butyl rubber (eg isoprene and isobutylene copolymer), or halogenated butyl rubber, styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer (Styrene-Isoprene). -Styrene Triblock copolymer) may include at least one. However, the hydrophobic elastomer is not limited to the suggested examples and may be replaced with a hydrophobic elastomer commonly used in the art.

A hydrocolloid is a particle having a network structure in which a hydrophilic polymer forms a three-dimensional cross-link by a physical bond, such as a hydrogen bond, van der Waals force, or hydrophobic interaction, or a chemical bond, such as a covalent bond. It can show high moisture content. The hydrophilic polymer constituting these hydrocolloid particles is a natural hydrophilic polymer, for example, pectin, gelatin, cellulose, specifically, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), collagen, dextran, elastin, chitin, chitosan, sodium alginate (Sodium Alginate) ); or synthetic hydrophilic polymer polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyurethane (Polyurethane), polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate ( Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate), silicone; or a combination thereof. The hydrocolloid particles may further include a crosslinking agent for forming the hydrophilic polymer into a three-dimensional network structure. The crosslinking agent is calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, zinc nitrate ( Zinc Nitrate), Zinc Chloride, Zinc Sulfate, Ammonium Persulfate, or Glutaraldehyde. Such a crosslinking agent is not limited thereto, and may vary depending on the type of the hydrophilic polymer. In one example, the hydrocolloid particles may be alginate crosslinked by calcium ions.

In addition, the transparent surface layer 100 may include chlorophyll. Chlorophyll has a stacked molecular structure, and can improve the light collection efficiency of the transparent surface layer 100 . In addition, the transparent surface layer 100 may include various additives capable of improving light collection efficiency in addition to chlorophyll.

The transparent surface layer 100 may further include an adhesive and/or a plasticizer. The tackifiers include phenol-modified terpenes; rosin esters such as glycerol esters of rosin and pentaerythritol esters of rosin; elastomeric adhesives such as polyisobutylene, non-elastomeric adhesives including synthetic polyterpene adhesives, or combinations of two or more thereof. Plasticizers may be used to provide wetting action and/or viscosity control. These plasticizers are well known in the art and are liquid or soft adhesives, waxes, including hydrocarbon oils, liquid hydrocarbon resins, liquid polyterpenes, liquid poly(isobutylene) such as GLISSOPAL, and the like. , and oil mixtures. As an example, the plasticizer may be paraffin wax.

In addition, the transparent surface layer 100 is a small amount of other components, for example, as well known in the art, antioxidants, deodorants, fragrances, antimicrobial agents, pharmacologically active agents such as wound healing factors (healing promoter), etc. may further contain.

The transparent surface layer 100 may be provided with a convex top surface so that the thickness increases toward the inside. By providing the transparent surface layer 100 in a convex shape as described above, when light is irradiated to the transparent surface layer 100 , the light absorption efficiency of the transparent surface layer 100 can be improved.

Meanwhile, the transparent surface layer 100 may include a photoreactive material 210 . In other words, by mixing and curing the photoreactive material 210 in the step before curing the transparent surface layer 100 , the photoreactive material 210 may be distributed on the transparent surface layer 100 .

The drug layer 300 may be applied to the bottom of the transparent surface layer 100 . The drug layer 300 may include a drug substance 310 that is absorbed through the skin of the patient when the patch 1 including the photoreactive material is adhered to the affected part of the patient. At this time, the medicinal substance 310 may be ionized by the photoreactive material 210 of the transparent surface layer 100 and effectively absorbed into the skin.

The medicinal substance 310 may be provided with various medicinal substances that are absorbed into the skin, such as a sterilizing agent, a disinfectant, an anti-inflammatory agent, and an analgesic, and exhibit medicinal effects. For example, the medicinal substance 310 may include at least one of piroxicam, diclofenac, and floorpropene.

The drug layer 300 may be applied in a lattice pattern on the bottom of the transparent surface layer 100 (see FIG. 4(a)), or may be dispersedly applied in a dotted shape (see FIG. 4(b)).

5 and 6 , the patch 1 including a photoreactive material according to another embodiment of the present invention may include a photoreactive material 210 in the drug layer 300 .

In other words, the patch including a photoreactive material according to another embodiment of the present invention (1) is applied to the bottom surface of the transparent surface layer 100 and the transparent surface layer 100, the photoreactive material 210 and the photoreactive material 210 ) may include a drug layer 300 comprising a drug substance 310 that is ionized by the promoted.

The weak layer 300 may be applied to the bottom surface of the transparent surface layer 100 . The drug layer 300 may include a photoreactive material 210 and a medicinal material 310 . In other words, the photoreactive material 210 and the medicinal material 310 are distributed in the drug layer 300 by mixing and curing the photoreactive material 210 and the medicinal material 310 in the step before curing the drug layer 300 . can do it

The medicinal substance 310 may be absorbed through the skin of the patient when the patch 1 including the photoreactive material is adhered to the affected part of the patient. At this time, the medicinal substance 310 may be ionized by the photoreactive substance 210 and effectively absorbed into the skin.

The medicinal substance 310 may be provided with various medicinal substances that are absorbed into the skin, such as a sterilizing agent, a disinfectant, an anti-inflammatory agent, and an analgesic, and exhibit medicinal effects. For example, the medicinal substance 310 may include at least one of piroxicam, diclofenac, and floorpropene.

The drug layer 300 may be applied in a lattice pattern on the bottom of the transparent surface layer 100 (see FIG. 6(a)), or may be dispersedly applied in the form of dots (see FIG. 6(b)).

Meanwhile, the physical/chemical properties of the transparent surface layer 100 and the photoreactive material 210 are the same as those of the patch including the photoreactive material according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 . Therefore, a detailed description of the same configuration will be omitted and will be replaced with the above description.

Meanwhile, referring to FIG. 7 , the patch 1 including a photoreactive material according to another embodiment of the present invention may be formed as a single layer, and the characteristics of each constituent material forming the single layer are shown in FIG. 1 . It is the same as the properties of the constituent materials shown in Fig.

In other words, the patch including the photoreactive material shown in FIG. 7 is a transparent surface layer 100 , a photoreactive material 210 distributed inside the transparent surface layer 100 , and a medicinal substance 310 distributed inside the transparent surface layer 100 . ), and the mechanical and chemical properties of the transparent surface layer 100 , the photoreactive material 210 , and the medicinal material 310 are the same as the patch including the photoreactive material shown in FIG. 1 . Therefore, a detailed description of the same configuration will be omitted and replaced with the above description.

In addition, referring to FIG. 8 , the patch 1 including a photoreactive material according to another embodiment of the present invention has a surface layer 100 including a photoreactive material 210 that absorbs light and emits far-infrared rays; and It may include a colloidal layer 200 that is applied to the bottom of the surface layer 100 and includes a hydrophilic polymer material.

The surface layer 100 may constitute the outer surface of the patch 1 including a photoreactive material, and may be made of a polymer compound. For example, the surface layer 100 may include any one of a hydrophobic elastic polymer matrix and a hydrocolloid dispersed in the matrix, a polymer film, and a polyurethane film. In this case, the hydrophobic elastic polymer is, for example, natural rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, butyl rubber (eg, isoprene and isobutylene copolymer), or halogenated butyl rubber, styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer (Styrene). -Isoprene-Styrene Triblock copolymer) may include at least one. However, the hydrophobic elastomer is not limited to the suggested examples and may be replaced with a hydrophobic elastomer commonly used in the art.

The surface layer 100 may include a photoreactive material 110 emitting far-infrared rays. The photoreactive material 110 may refer to a material emitting far infrared rays by absorbing visible or near infrared rays, for example, including at least one of zirconium, germanium and illite. can be provided.

A colloidal layer 200 including a hydrophilic polymer may be provided on the bottom surface of the surface layer 100 . The colloid layer 200 may be provided in a thin film shape including hydrocolloid.

The colloidal layer 200 may include a hydrophilic polymer 210 heated by far-infrared rays emitted by the photoreactive material 110 . In other words, when water molecules included in the hydrophilic polymer 210 receive far-infrared rays, the water molecules may resonate and generate heat. The hydrophilic polymer 210 may be provided with various polymers that generate heat by far-infrared rays, and may be made of, for example, cellulose.

Referring to FIG. 9 , a patch 1 including a photoreactive material according to another embodiment of the present invention is applied to the surface layer 100 and the bottom surface of the surface layer 100 and absorbs a hydrophilic polymer material and light to emit far-infrared rays. The colloidal layer 200 including the photoreactive material 110 to emit may be included.

The surface layer 100 may constitute the outer surface of the patch 1 including a photoreactive material, and may be made of a polymer compound. For example, the surface layer 100 may include any one of a hydrophobic elastic polymer matrix and a hydrocolloid dispersed in the matrix, a polymer film, and a polyurethane film. In this case, the hydrophobic elastic polymer is, for example, natural rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, butyl rubber (eg, isoprene and isobutylene copolymer), or halogenated butyl rubber, styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer (Styrene). -Isoprene-Styrene Triblock copolymer) may include at least one. However, the hydrophobic elastomer is not limited to the suggested examples and may be replaced with a hydrophobic elastomer commonly used in the art.

The colloidal layer 200 may be applied to the bottom surface of the surface layer 100 , and may include a photoreactive material 110 and a hydrophilic polymer 210 .

The photoreactive material 110 may refer to a material emitting far infrared rays by absorbing visible or near infrared rays, for example, including at least one of zirconium, germanium and illite. can be provided.

When the hydrophilic polymer 210 receives far-infrared rays, the water cup included in the hydrophilic polymer 210 may resonate and generate heat. The hydrophilic polymer 210 may be made of various polymers that generate heat by far-infrared rays, and may be made of, for example, cellulose.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described as specific embodiments, this is merely an example, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be construed as having the widest scope according to the basic idea disclosed in the present specification. A person skilled in the art may implement a pattern of a shape not specified by combining/substituting the disclosed embodiments, but this also does not depart from the scope of the present invention. In addition, those skilled in the art can easily change or modify the disclosed embodiments based on the present specification, and it is clear that such changes or modifications also fall within the scope of the present invention.

1: patch containing photoreactive material 100: transparent surface layer
200: photoreactive layer 210: photoreactive material
300: drug layer 310: medicinal substance

Claims (6)

a surface layer comprising a photoreactive material that absorbs light and emits far-infrared rays; and
A colloid layer is applied to the bottom surface of the surface layer and includes a hydrophilic polymer material;
The hydrophilic polymer material absorbs moisture on the surface to be adsorbed, and is heated by the far-infrared rays emitted by the photoreactive material,
A patch comprising a photoreactive material. surface layer; and
A colloid layer is applied to the bottom surface of the surface layer and includes a hydrophilic polymer material and a photoreactive material that absorbs light and emits far-infrared rays;
The hydrophilic polymer material absorbs moisture on the surface to be adsorbed, and is heated by the far-infrared rays emitted by the photoreactive material,
A patch comprising a photoreactive material. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2,
The photoreactive material absorbs visible or near infrared rays to emit far infrared rays,
A patch comprising a photoreactive material. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2,
The photoreactive material comprises at least one of zirconium (zirconium), germanium (germanium) and illite (illite),
A patch comprising a photoreactive material. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The hydrophilic polymer is provided with cellulose (cellulose),
A patch comprising a photoreactive material. According to claim 1,
The surface layer and the colloid layer are provided integrally,
A patch comprising a photoreactive material.

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