KR102396138B1 - Dc energy transfer apparatus, applications, components, and methods - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to direct current (DC) energy transfer circuits, energy transfer controllers, DC energy transfer networks, components for use in such circuits, methods operating in accordance with the present invention, and applications that benefit from using and/or using DC energy transfer devices. devices, including but not limited to. Such applications include, but are not limited to, hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles and/or solar power generation devices, in particular hybrid electric/internal combustion engine vehicles.

Description

DC ENERGY TRANSFER APPARATUS, APPLICATIONS, COMPONENTS, AND METHODS

The present invention relates to a device comprising or useful for using a direct current (DC) energy transfer device, an energy transfer controller, a DC energy transfer network, components used in such a circuit, a DC energy transfer device and/or a network, the device according to the present invention It's about how the back works. A component includes, but is not limited to, at least one capacitive device, a switch device, and/or an inductive device, each of which is defined and disclosed in the content of the invention and the specific content for carrying out the invention. Application devices include, but are not limited to, hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles, and/or solar power generation devices. Vehicles may include automobiles, trucks, buses, trolleys, trains, airplanes, ships, submarines, satellites and/or spacecraft. Preferred vehicles are automobiles, trucks or buses. The vehicle may be a manned or unmanned vehicle. Solar power generation devices may include, but are not limited to, solar arrays and/or energy transfer devices from solar storage, depending on whether the devices are on-grid or off-grid. does not

Conversion of DC energy from one voltage to another has been a standard feature in many electrical and electronic systems since the early 20th century.

As used herein, dynamical electro-state (DES) means one or more voltages, currents, or inductances of at least one node with respect to a second node in a circuit. The voltage and/or current is determined by a measurement between the node and the second node and varies with time. Inductance is discussed in relation to inductors. The current corresponds to the rate of change with time of the charge flowing from the node to the second node. In this document, standard units are volts (V) for voltage, amperes (Amp) for current, and coulomb (C) for charge. Voltage means voltage difference here.

Circuits include, but are not limited to, devices including mostly terminals, a plurality of nodes, some terminals, and/or electrical connections between some nodes. The circuit, together with the devices and electrical connections included in the circuit, form a plurality of DESs. Each DES has an electrical state shared across multiple nodes for a single second node. In other situations, one or more DESs may have an electrical state that measurably changes from one node to another with respect to the second node.

Some standard devices installed in circuits include, but are not limited to, capacitors, resistors, inductors, diodes and/or switches. These standard devices are briefly described below in terms of prior art.

Capacitors are generally two-terminal devices whose primary electrical characteristic is the capacitance across the two terminals. Capacitance is primarily the ability to accumulate electrical charge, whereby electrical energy is stored in the device. Capacitors are often modeled and/or made of two parallel conductive plates separated by a dielectric. Capacitance is usually modeled to be directly proportional to the surface area of the conductive plates and inversely proportional to the separation distance between the plates. Also, the capacitance is a function of the plate geometry and the permittivity of the dielectric. The unit of capacitance used here is the Farad. A 1 Farad (F) capacitor charged with 1 Coulomb (C) is defined to have a potential difference of 1 V between its plates. A typical model of capacitance is C = e _r e _o A / d, where C is the capacitance in farads, A is the area where parallel plates overlap, e _r is the permittivity of the dielectric, and e _o is the dielectric constant ( 8.854 * 10 ^-12 F/meter), where d is the distance in meters at which the plates are separated. Energy is measured in joules (J) and, when stored in a capacitor, is usually defined as completing charging a capacitor to its current state. The energy stored in the capacitor is usually estimated as CV ² /2 and reported as J.

An inductor is usually a two-terminal device whose main electromagnetic characteristic is the inductance across the terminals. Generally, an inductor comprises a coil of conductive material, often referred to as a wire. A wire connects the two terminals of the inductor. The wire between the terminals is mainly wound around an axis. In some circumstances, the windings are essentially symmetrical about their axis. The inside of the coil may or may not include a metal core. Inductance is primarily defined as the electromagnetic property of a wire in which a change in current flowing through it induces a voltage (electromagnetic force), both in the wire itself (self inductance) and in any nearby wire (mutual inductance). Inductance is primarily measured as the response of a coil to a time-varying voltage (usually sinusoidal) of a given frequency applied across its terminals. The unit of inductance in the present invention is Henry (H), which is an international unit (SI) system. Converted to the basic SI system, 1H corresponds to kg m ² s ^-2 A ^-2 . For inductors, it is common to have a sinusoidal test pattern at a specific frequency expressed in Henry (H) (usually 1 Kilo Herz).

A resistor is usually a two-terminal device whose primary electrical characteristic is the resistance across its terminals. Resistance is measured in units of ohms in the SI system. Here, Ohm is defined as the resistance between two nodes which produces a current of 1A when a constant voltage difference of 1V is applied to those nodes.

Diodes are generally two-terminal devices whose primary electrical characteristic is to block current flow from a first terminal to a second terminal while having a through resistance and allowing current flow from the second terminal to the first terminal.

The switch means at least one of a mechanical switch, a solid state switch, and/or an integrated form of a solid state switch and a mechanical switch. Here, the switch includes first and second terminals and a control terminal. When the control terminal is in a closed state, the first and second terminals are connected or closed. When the control terminal is open, the first and second terminals are open or not connected.

A system may include one or more circuits and/or one or more devices. For example, a motor vehicle is equivalent to a system comprising a transmission circuit operable to assist in propulsion of the motor vehicle and an air conditioning unit operable to assist climate control in the vehicle's interior.

Here, the direct current (DC) DES refers to a DES in which a current flows only in one direction between the node and the second node. Alternating current (AC) DES refers to DES in which current flows from a node to a second node and from a second node to a first node.

As used herein, energy delivery device means a circuit comprising an input DC terminal, an output DC terminal and a common terminal, configured to receive a DC DES from the input DC terminal and generate at least one output DC DES. The input DC DES has an input DC terminal as a first node. The output DC DES has an output DC terminal as a first node. The input and output DC DES share a common terminal as the second node.

In the prior art, it has long been preferred to implement an energy transfer device as a DC-DC converter. This DC-DC converter uses an inverter that responds to an AC timing DES to convert the DC input DES to an AC internal power DES that drives the primary coil of the transformer. The secondary coil of the transformer produces at least one secondary AC DES. The secondary AC DES is then filtered and rectified to produce an output DC DES of the DC-DC converter. Some or all AC DES, especially secondary AC DES, are often implemented with a pair of wires.

The present invention relates to direct current (DC) energy transfer circuits, energy transfer controllers, DC energy transfer networks, components used in such circuits, devices comprising or useful for using energy transfer devices, said devices, components and/or according to the present invention How to operate the device. Here, the components used in the circuit of the present invention can also be used for other applications.

Here, the DC energy delivery device may include an input DC terminal, an output DC terminal and a common terminal, through which the input DC DES is connected from the input DC terminal, with a common terminal acting as a second node for all of the DES. and generates at least one output DC DES via the output DC terminal. The DC energy delivery device comprises at least one internal DES that contributes to the generation of an output DC DES essentially comprising a DC DES, referred to herein as an internal DC DES. The term "internal DES" means at least one node in a DC energy transfer device that is not an input terminal or an output terminal used to transfer most and all possible energy between an input DC terminal and an output DC terminal.

The present invention first discusses three basic implementations of a DC energy delivery device. The first embodiment shows the basic operation and performance of an embodiment of the present invention. The second and third embodiments may be used in a variety of applications, for example, in hybrid electric/internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Preferred embodiments of the second embodiment of the DC energy delivery device support hybrid electric/ICE vehicles that maintain fuel usage of at least 100 miles per gallon or at least 43 kilometers per liter of fuel such as gasoline in meters. A preferred embodiment of the third embodiment of the DC energy delivery device supports a hybrid electric/ICE vehicle that maintains a fuel usage of at least 200 miles per gallon or at least 86 kilometers per liter. The second and third embodiments of the DC energy delivery device may be included in a DC energy delivery network preferably used in devices such as hybrid electric/ICE vehicles.

Returning to the DC energy delivery device, in some implementations, each of the internal DES of the DC energy delivery device may largely correspond to a DC DES. Here, most DC DES means that the voltage and current change with time, but the power spectrum is concentrated to DC in any short time window or has a near zero frequency component. Here, the short time window is 64 minutes, 32 minutes, 16 minutes, 8 minutes, 4 minutes, 2 minutes, 1 minute, 30 seconds, 15 seconds, 8 seconds, 4 seconds, 2 seconds, 1 second, 0.5 seconds, 0.25 seconds, It may have a period of at least one of 125 milliseconds (ms), 63 ms, 32 ms, or 16 ms.

In some implementations, the device is an energy transfer controller configured to respond to an input DC DES and/or an output DC DES to generate at least one control DES received by the DC energy transfer device and perform an operation thereof in response to the control DES. may include The control DES may be represented by Boolean logic values such as '0' and '1', and may be implemented in various other ways discussed in the detailed description.

Application devices include, but are not limited to, hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles, and/or solar power generation devices. The vehicle may be a car, truck, bus, trolley, train, airplane, ship, submarine, satellite and/or spacecraft. Preferred vehicles are automobiles, trucks or buses. Any vehicle may be a manned or unmanned vehicle. Solar power devices may include, but are not limited to, solar cells and/or solar storage, depending on whether the devices are on-grid or off-grid.

The component may include, but is not limited to, at least one of a capacitive device, a switch device, and/or an inductive device.

1 shows a simplified example of the first three implementations of a system comprising a DC energy transfer device and an energy transfer controller.
FIG. 2 shows the system of FIG. 1 comprising and using a DC energy transfer device and an energy transfer controller to implement a vehicle, in particular a hybrid electric and internal combustion engine (ice) vehicle, according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the vehicle and/or automobile of FIG. 2 in which the fuel unit is supplied to the right side of the road when driving and the fuel unit is consumed.
4-12 show the DC energy delivery network of FIG. 2 configured to deliver energy into a vehicle and/or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and/or third embodiment of the DC energy delivery device of FIG. 1 ; shows some configurations of
13 shows a DC energy delivery network comprising a DC energy delivery device, an example of a DC SD stage where there is an advantage to having only one step-down stage operated at any time of the entire network.
Figure 14 shows a DC energy delivery network comprising a DC energy delivery device, showing three examples of DC SD stages that benefit from having only one step-down stage operated at any time of the entire network.
15A-15I illustrate at least some features of a first capacitive device, applicable to one or more other capacitive devices.
16 summarizes portions of an apparatus of the present invention that may be separately manufactured or configured to meet the needs of various embodiments and/or implementations of the present invention.
17 illustrates at least one energy transfer controller comprising at least one instance of at least one member of the group consisting of a controller, a computer, a component and a persistent memory comprising at least one memory item.
18 shows some embodiments of the program configuration of FIG. 17 , any one of which operates and/or in part of at least one of a DC energy delivery device, a DC energy delivery network and/or system, in particular a hybrid electric/ICE vehicle; or implements at least one configuration of the method used.

The present invention discloses DC energy transfer circuits, energy transfer controllers, DC energy transfer networks, components used in such circuits, methods operating in accordance with the present invention, and devices that contain and/or benefit from the use of DC energy transfer devices. . The detailed description for practicing the invention begins with the description enabling the claims by this description and defining some terms pertinent to understanding the claims. Three basic implementations of a DC energy delivery device are discussed. Also disclosed are detailed descriptions of various combinations and alternatives of the invention.

Definitions of Some Terms: The content of the above design, specific contents for carrying out the design, the following claims and the accompanying drawings and reference numerals are made to specify the features of the invention. Such features may be instructions including, for example, parts, materials, elements, devices, instruments, systems, groups, ranges, methods, test results, and program instructions.

It is understood that the subject matter of the invention disclosed herein includes all possible combinations of these specific features. For example, in general, in the present invention, a feature is a feature of another, except where it is disclosed that a particular feature is disclosed in the context of a particular aspect, particular embodiment, particular claim, or particular figure, and that content may be excluded. It may be used in combination with certain aspects, embodiments, claims and drawings.

The design and claims disclosed herein include embodiments not specifically described herein, for example, features not specifically described herein but which provide the same, corresponding, or similar functionality as features specifically disclosed herein. can be used

The term “comprise” and its grammatical counterpart are used to mean that, in addition to the feature specifically identified, other features are optionally present. For example, a compound or device “comprising” components A, B, and C may include only components A, B, and C, and includes one or more components other than components A, B, and C. It may include more. The terms “include” and “contain” are interpreted similarly.

The term “consisting essentially of” and its grammatical counterparts mean that, other than the specifically identified feature, other features are present without materially displacing the claims.

The term "at least" in conjunction with a number herein means that the range begins with that number (the range may or may not have an upper limit, depending on the variation defined). For example, “at least 1” means 1 or 1 or more, and “at least 80%” means 80% or 80% or more.

The term "at most" used here with a number means that the end of the range ends with that number (the lower bound of the range may be 1 or 0, or no lower bound, depending on the variant specified) do. For example, "up to 4" means 4 or less than 4, "up to 40%" means less than or equal to 40% or 40%. The range is "(first value) to (second value)" or When given by "(first numerical value) to (second numerical value)", it means that the lower limit is the first numerical value and the upper limit is the second numerical value. For example, "8 to 20 carbon atoms" or "8 to "20 carbon atoms" means a range in which the lower limit is 8 carbon atoms and the upper limit is 20 carbon atoms, where the terms "plurality", "many" and the like mean two or more.

The method mentioned herein includes two or more specified steps, the specified steps can be performed in any order or concurrently (except for the possibility in the context), and the method, if the content excludes the possibility Except for, it may optionally include one or more other steps performed before any of the specified steps, between two specified steps, or after all of the specified steps.

References to "first" and "second" features referred to herein are generally performed for identification purposes, and the first and second features may be the same or different, and reference to the first feature, unless otherwise indicated in the context. This does not imply that the second feature is necessarily present (though it may be).

As used herein, "a or an feature" includes the possibility that two or more features exist (except where the context excludes that possibility). Thus, it may be a single feature or multiple features. Two or more features recited herein, except where the context dictates otherwise, include that two or more features may be replaced by a smaller or greater number of features providing the same function.

The numbers given herein may be appropriately configured according to their content and expression, for example, each number may be changed according to the accuracy that can be measured by a method conventionally used by a person skilled in the art at the filing date of the present invention.

As used herein, the term “and/or” means that one or both of the elements mentioned before and after “and/or” may be present. For example, it may be used in parts, materials, elements, devices, instruments, systems, groups, ranges, and steps. For example, "Item A and/or Item B" has three possibilities: (1) only item A exists, (2) only item B exists, and (3) both item A and item B exist. case is disclosed. Similarly, A, B and/or C shall be understood to be (A and/or B) and/or C, which are considered equivalent to A and/or (B and/or C), except where otherwise stated. will be.

Any element of the claims herein is an element of the claims for a combination expressed as means or steps for performing a particular function without specific description of structure, material, or action, in accordance with U.S. Patent Act section 112(35). equivalent to, and thus comprising, a corresponding structure, material, or action described in the Detailed Description and corresponding parts, wherein the corresponding structure, material or action is a corresponding structure, material or action expressly described in the Detailed Description It includes functions and equivalents of such structures, materials, or functions, as well as such structures, materials, or functions and equivalents thereof described in US patent documents incorporated herein by reference. Similarly, any element of a claimed subject matter of the present invention (even if the term "means" is not used) corresponds to a means or step for performing a particular function without recitation of the claimed structure, material, or action supporting it. and a corresponding structure, material, or action expressly set forth in the specification, as well as equivalents thereof, as well as such structures, materials, or actions described in US patent documents incorporated herein by reference. and equivalents thereof.

This specification is open to, but not limited to, all documents previously filed with the present invention or concurrently with this specification, and all references mentioned in the application data sheet.

The first three implementations of the DC energy delivery device are summarized as follows: The first implementation shows the basic operation and performance of an embodiment of the present invention. The second and third embodiments are variants of the present invention, and may be used, for example, in a hybrid electric/internal combustion engine (ice) vehicle. A preferred embodiment of the second embodiment of the DC energy delivery device supports hybrid electric/ice vehicles that maintain a fuel usage of at least 100 miles per gallon, or at least 43 kilometers per liter of fuel, such as gasoline, per meter. A preferred embodiment of the third embodiment of the DC energy delivery device supports hybrid electric/ice vehicles that maintain fuel usage of at least 200 miles per gallon or at least 86 kilometers per liter.

1 shows a simplified example suitable for the first three exemplary implementations of a system 180 including a DC energy transfer device 100 and an energy transfer controller 170 .

In its simplest form, the DC energy transfer device 100 includes an input DC terminal 102 , an output DC terminal 104 and a common terminal 106 , as mentioned in the specification of the energy transfer device. The DC energy transfer device 100 is configured to transfer electrical energy from the input DC terminal 102 to the input DC DES 110 through the at least one internal DES 114 from the output DC terminal 104 to the output DC DES 112 . ), and each internal DES 114 essentially includes a DC DES. As specified, a DC DES is configured such that current flows in only one direction. In this embodiment, the internal DC DES 114 has a first node 1 connected to the second terminal 2 of the switch SW1 140 and a first node 1 connected to the first terminal 1 of the inductor L1 150 . It has 2 nodes (2).

The DC energy transfer device 100 comprises a first capacitive device C1 130 , a second capacitive device C2 160 , a switch SW1 140 , and an inductive device L1 150 . Each of the first capacitive device C1 130 , the second capacitive device C2 160 , the switch SW1 140 and the inductive device L1 150 includes a first terminal 1 and a second terminal 2 . do. The switch SW1 (140) further includes a control terminal (C). The switch SW1 130 is configured to close the connection between the first terminal 1 and the second terminal 2 of the switch in the closed state 174 and to open the connection in the open state 176, the closed state and An open state may be provided via control terminal 108 in response to control DES 182 of a control terminal (such as node 1 ) to a common terminal such as node 2 .

In some embodiments, the DC energy delivery device 100 further includes the following configuration:

- the input DC terminal 102 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the first capacitive device C1 130 and to the first terminal 1 of the switch SW1 140 .

- the second terminal of the first capacitive device C1 130 is connected to the common terminal 106;

- the second terminal 2 of the switch SW1 140 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the inductive device L1 150 .

- the second terminal 2 of the inductive device L1 150 is connected to the first terminal 1 and the output DC terminal 104 of the second capacitive device C2 160 .

- the second terminal 2 of the second capacitive device C2 160 is connected to the common terminal 106;

1 also shows that the control DES 182 is generated to provide a closed state 174 or an open state 176 to the switch SW1 140 via the control terminal 108 to provide an input DC DES 110 and/or an output. An energy transfer controller 170 is shown that configures the DC energy transfer device 100 to operate according to the detection of the DC DES 112 . Energy transfer controller 170 may include an estimation input DES 178 and/or an estimation output DES 181 in some implementations.

In some implementations, the DC energy delivery device can include at least one output DC DES for generating at least one control DES received by the DC energy delivery device and an energy control controller configured to respond to the input DC DES. The DC energy delivery device is configured to respond to the control DES to configure its operation. The control DES may indicate Boolean logic values such as '0' and '1', and may be implemented in other ways.

For example, to implement a Boolean logic value, two non-overlapping voltage ranges, for example, '0' represents a voltage in the range of 0 to 1V, and '1' represents a voltage in the range of 2 to 3.4V. it is common to do

As another example, it is common for a negative voltage such as -1.5V to -0.75V to represent '0' and a positive voltage such as 0.75V to a maximum to 1.5V to represent '1'. This class of signaling may sometimes be referred to as other signaling.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that such a control DES does not affect the internal DES of a DC energy delivery device, depending on whether there is one or more internal DESs.

1 also shows that in some implementations of system 180 , common terminal 106 is connected to a filter common generator that further provides a filtered common terminal to energy transfer controller 170 . The filtered common terminal may be provided to protect the energy transfer controller 170 from noise that is not affected by the power circuit of the DC energy transfer device 100 .

An embodiment of the DC energy delivery device 100 is described below. A first embodiment shows the test circuit system 180 shown in FIG. 1 , the connection between the second terminal 2 of the switch SW1 140 and the first terminal 1 of the inductive device L1 150 . The first diode D1 is further included. The connection between the first terminal 2 of the inductor L1 150 and the first terminal 1 of the second capacitor C2 160 further includes a second diode D2. Diodes D1 and D2 attenuate possible undershoot from the opening and closing of switch SW1 140 , and since these diodes ensure current flow in one direction, internal DES 114 is essentially DC DES is guaranteed.

The capacitors used in capacitive devices C1 and C2 both measure 1800 micro(10 ^-6 )F at 450V. However, testing of each capacitor shows each capacitance in the range of 1600 μF. The test is performed with an RCL (resistance, capacitance and inductance) meter. Each capacitor has a measured capacitance attached to it.

The first capacitive device C1 130 is made using three capacitors arranged in series to support an operating voltage of up to 1000 V, with a capacitance of 530.76 μF.

The second capacitive device C2 160 is tested with a parallel arrangement of several capacitors, numbered first through fifth capacitors connected in parallel with an aggregate capacitance of approximately 1600 μF.

The switch SW1 140 is a mechanical switch configured to operate above 1000V and can handle the current of the DC energy delivery device 100 .

To summarize this test, the input DC DES measured 40V. The output DC DES was about 15.65V. The energy transferred from the first capacitive device C1 130 to the second capacitive device C2 is 0.2379 J. The energy transfer efficiency is estimated to be about 83.34%. Consequently, the DC energy transfer device has an energy transfer efficiency of at least K%, and based on the inventor's experimental evidence, K may be at least 65, further K may be at least 75%, further K may be at least 83%.

Initial tests are performed to establish baseline values. DC metrology instrument classes are used to make various voltage measurements in units of 10 ^-6 J. Records are mostly made up to 4 significant figures. These instruments calibrate internal standards and comparative voltage readings from recently acquired instruments installed in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications in the seller's accredited calibration laboratory.

2 is a diagram illustrating and using a DC energy transfer device 100 and an energy transfer controller 170 to implement a vehicle 200, in particular a hybrid electric and internal combustion engine (ice) vehicle 210, in accordance with the present invention. 1 system 180 is shown. This vehicle 210 includes the components of system 180 of FIG. 1 as well as controllably supplying fuel 214 to ICE 222 . The ICE 222 operates to provide energy to a generator 230 whose electrical output is supplied to the input DC terminal 102 of the DC energy delivery device 100 . In this simplified schematic illustration, the output DC terminal 104 is connected to an electric motor 250 that drives one or more axles to rotate the wheels of the vehicle.

FIG. 3 shows vehicle 210 and/or automobile 230 of FIG. 2 with fuel unit 214 on the right side of road 330 . Vehicle 200 and/or vehicle 210 moves as shown by the arrow pointing from right to left in the figure, vehicle 220 and/or after traveling a distance 310 and consuming fuel unit 214 Alternatively, an automobile 210 is shown.

A second embodiment is a hybrid electric/internal combustion engine (ICE) to support automobiles that maintain fuel usage of at least 100 miles per gallon or fuel usage of at least 43 kilometers per liter of fuel, such as gasoline, on a per-meter basis. It constitutes the energy transfer device 100 of the DC energy transfer network 220 operating in the vehicle 210 . In other words, if unit 320 is one gallon, the expected travel distance is more than 100 miles. If unit 320 is 1 liter, the expected travel distance is more than 43 kilometers.

A third embodiment constitutes an energy delivery device 100 of a DC energy delivery network 220 operating in a motor vehicle 210 that maintains a fuel usage of at least 200 miles per gallon or a fuel usage of at least 86 kilometers per liter. . In other words, if unit 320 is 1 gallon, the expected travel distance is 200 miles or more. If unit 320 is 1 liter, the expected travel distance is more than 86 kilometers.

4-11 show the vehicle 200 and/or hybrid electric-ICE vehicle 210 of FIG. 2 supporting the second and/or third embodiment of the DC energy delivery device 100 of FIG. 1 . It shows some configurations of the DC energy delivery network 220 of FIG. 2 configured to deliver energy therein. First, we look at these figures individually, and then look at these configurations supporting the second and/or third embodiments as a whole.

FIG. 4 is FIG. 2 including two instances of DC energy delivery device 100 of FIG. 1 and DC step down (SD) stages 400 - 1 and 400 - 2 which will be described in more detail in FIG. 5 . shows a DC energy delivery network 220 of The DC energy delivery network 220 includes a high energy terminal 202 , a common terminal 106 and a service terminal 204 as previously shown in FIG. 2 . DC energy delivery network 220 may also include a plurality of control terminals labeled 208A-208E as previously shown in FIG. 2 .

4 , the control DES at each control terminal 208A-208E to the common terminal 106 will be discussed as opening or closing a switch in the appropriate part.

For example, the 'closed' control DES A means the control terminal 208A in which the condition for opening the switch SW1 140 inside the DC energy delivery device 100 is provided as shown in FIG. 1 .

In another example, the 'open' control DES B means a control terminal 9208B in which a condition for opening the switch SW4 540 in the first DC step-down stage 400 is prepared as shown in FIG. 5 .

In the third example, the 'closed' control DES C means the control terminal 208C in which a condition for closing the switch SW2 410 - 2 is provided.

5 shows some configurations of one or more instances of DC step down (SD) stages 400 - 1 and/or 400 - 2 of FIG. 4 . Each DC SD stage includes an input DC terminal 402 , an output DC terminal 404 , a control terminal 408 and a common terminal 106 as first shown in FIG. 4 . The DC SD stage also includes a switch SW4 540 , a second inductor L2 550 and a third capacitive device C3 560 .

To simplify the discussion and analysis of Figs. 4 to 11, it is assumed that the control DES of the control terminals 208C and 209E are not closed together at the same time. This enables the analysis of the DES condition at the service terminal 204 of FIG. 2 , such that these conditions can be handled with the energy stored in the third capacitive device C3 560 as shown in FIG. 5 . do. While this simplification is helpful in understanding the operation and analysis of the present invention, this does not preclude the operation of the control DES in any combination in which the energy transfer controller 280 of FIG. 2 is found useful.

FIG. 6 shows an improvement of the DC energy delivery network 220 of FIG. 4 , including third and fourth DC SD stages 400 - 3 and 400 - 4 . This DC energy delivery network 220 also includes additional control terminals 208F-208I. Similar to previously discussed, one of switches SW2 (410-2), SW3 (410-3), SW4 (410-6), SW5 (410-7) is almost always closed. While this simplification is helpful in understanding the operation and analysis of the present invention, it does not preclude the energy transfer controller 280 of FIG. 2 from operating this control DES in any combination found useful. However, the control DES associated with control terminal C 408 of the four instances of DC SD stages 400-1 to 400-4 may or may not be 'closed' at the same time. Closing two of these internal switches in the DC SD stage allows two of the third capacitive devices C3 560 of FIG. 5 to be charged simultaneously, while each of these capacitive devices being individually discharged is particularly important for a third It is useful in connection with the embodiment.

7 shows an improvement of FIG. 4 , wherein the DC energy delivery network 220 further includes a fifth DC SD stage 400 - 5 . The dual stage DC energy delivery device 700 includes a first DC energy delivery device 100 - 1 and a fifth DC step down (SD) stage 400 - 5 . The terminals of the dual stage DC energy delivery device 700 include (as before) an input DC terminal 102 and a common terminal 106 . To avoid confusion, the output terminals are consistently labeled '404' in this figure. The output DC terminal 104 of the first DC energy delivery device 100 - 1 is connected to the input DC terminal 402 of the fifth instance of the DC step down (SD) stage as shown. The dual stage DC energy delivery device 700 supports a two stage step down from the fifth instance to an intermediate voltage, in some implementations to the first and second DC SD stages 400-1 and 400-2 of this figure. Reduces the requirement on the service DES of the typically first to fourth instances of the DC step down stage as implemented and shown previously.

FIG. 8 shows an example in which the DC energy delivery network 220 of FIG. 6 is improved by replacing the first DC energy delivery device 100 - 1 with a dual stage energy delivery device 700 . This replacement yields similar potential advantages as discussed with respect to FIG. 7, combined with the potential advantages associated with FIG. 6, as discussed above.

9A-9C show four potential implementations of a DC energy delivery device 900 having a shared output inductor L3 950 .

9A and 9B , a DC energy transfer device with a shared inductor 900 includes an instance of the DC energy transfer device 100 .

In FIG. 9A , the output DC terminal 104 of the DC energy delivery device 100 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the third inductive device L3 950 . The second terminal 2 of the third inductive device L3 950 is connected to the shared output DC terminal 904 .

In FIG. 9B , the output DC terminal 104 of the DC energy delivery device 100 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the third inductive device L3 950 via a fifth diode D5 . The second terminal 2 of the third inductive device L3 950 is connected via a sixth diode D6 to the shared output DC terminal 904 .

9C and 9D , a DC energy transfer device with a shared inductor 900 includes an instance of a dual DC energy transfer device 700 .

In FIG. 9C , the output DC terminal 404 of the dual DC energy delivery device 700 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the third inductive device L3 950 . The second terminal 2 of the third inductive device L3 950 is connected to the shared output DC terminal 904 .

In FIG. 9D , the output DC terminal 104 of the dual DC energy delivery device 700 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the third inductive device L3 950 via a seventh diode D7 . The second terminal 2 of the third inductive device L3 950 is connected to the shared output DC terminal 904 via an eighth diode D8.

10 shows a DC energy delivery device having a shared inductor 900, two instances of DC capacitance stages 1000-1, 1000-2, and two switches SW2 410-2, SW3 410-3. It shows an implementation of the DC energy delivery network 220 of the preceding figure, including By sharing the third inductor L3 950 as shown in FIGS. 9A-9D , the DC capacitance stages 1000-1 and 1000-2 do not require an inductor, as shown in FIG. 11 . . Implementations may be useful in some implementations of DC energy delivery network 220 .

11 shows an embodiment of a DC capacitance stage according to the DC energy delivery device with shared inductor 900 shown in FIGS. 9A-9D .

12 is an improvement of the DC energy delivery network 220 of FIG. 10 further including third and fourth instances 1000 - 3 and 1000 - 4 of the DC capacitance stage.

It is assumed that the following relates to the initial adaptation of the hybrid electric-ICE vehicle 210 of FIGS. 2 and 3 . Car 210 weighs about 3,000 pounds, or about 1,361 Kg. The electric motor 250 has 50 kW (kilowatts) of power to keep the vehicle 210 operating in normal use, such as being able to travel 70 miles per hour and climbing a 5% slope at 55 miles per hour. It is necessary to continuously transmit Vehicle 210 turns on an internal combustion engine (ICE) 222 to drive a generator 230 that generates energy present via high energy terminal 204 into DC energy delivery network 220 to generate DC energy. Iteratively cycle through charging delivery network 220 . Turning on the ICE 22 consumes fuel 214 that charges the DC energy delivery network 220 to keep providing power to the electric motor 205 via the service terminal 204 .

13 shows a DC energy delivery network 220 comprising a DC energy delivery device 100 and a DC step down (SD) stage 400 , wherein the input DC terminal 402 of the DC SD stage 400 is It is connected to the high energy terminal 202 and effectively shares the energy stored in the first capacitive device C1 130 of FIG. 1 with the first terminal 1 of the fourth switch SW4 of FIG. 5 . This network 220 has the advantage of having only one step-down stage operating at any one point in time for the entire network.

14 shows a DC energy delivery network 220 comprising a DC energy delivery device 100 and three instances 400-1, 400-2, 400-3 of a DC step down (SD) stage; The input DC terminal 402 of each DC SD stage 400-1, 400-2, 400-3 is connected to a high energy terminal 202, so that the energy stored in the first capacitive device C1 130 of FIG. is effectively shared with the first terminal 1 of the fourth switch SW4 of FIG. 5 in each instance 400-1, 400-2, 400-3 of the DC SD stage. This network 220 has the advantage of having only one step-down stage operating at any one point in time for the entire network.

One of the commercial purposes of the DC energy delivery device 100 and the DC energy delivery network 220 is to increase the distance 310 that the fuel 214 travels through being consumed in the unit 320 . Energy efficiency is the ratio of how long the electric motor runs to how long the ICE runs. Fuel efficiency is the ratio of units 320 of fuel 214 to distance 310 traveled.

A second embodiment provides an energy delivery device 100 of a DC energy delivery network 220 that supports automobiles maintaining fuel usage of at least 100 miles per gallon or at least 43 kilometers per liter of fuel, such as gasoline, on a per-meter basis. it is for

Assuming that the ICE 222 operates for 30 seconds to generate 50 kW that is delivered to charge the DC energy delivery network 220, before the ICE is turned on again and the energy delivery cycle is repeated, the driving conditions described above stored and discharged to the electric motor 250 over at least 100 seconds under If there are 36 intervals of 100 seconds in one hour, the ICE runs for 18 minutes in one hour. A car 210 driving at 40 miles per gallon for 70 miles per hour consumes about 1.75 gallons for 70 miles. Using the DC energy delivery network 220, the ICE runs for only 18 minutes an hour, thus consuming about 0.5 gallons per hour and has a fuel efficiency of about 140 miles per gallon or about 60 km per liter. It is easy to increase fuel efficiency by operating the vehicle 210 at a low speed. Also, in setting a goal of 100 miles per gallon, this analysis leaves room for experimental factors that are not currently visible and have yet to achieve commercial objectives.

Reference is again made to FIG. 1 for deriving a second embodiment. It is assumed that the first switch SW1 140 is opened. Energy transfer from the input DC terminal 102 begins when the energy stored in the first capacitive device 130 has reached its charging threshold. When the energy stored in the first capacitive device reaches its charging threshold, the first switch SW1 is closed and the energy is transferred from the first capacitive device through the inductive device L1 ( 150 ) to the second capacitive device C2 ( 160 ). begins to flow The energy efficiency of the energy transfer device 100 is determined by the energy stored in the first capacitive device C1 130 at startup and the second before the switch SW1 140 opens the connection between the terminals 1 , 2 of the switch. It represents the difference between the energy delivered to the capacitive device C2 ( 160 ).

15A-15I illustrate some features of first capacitive device 1310 , which is also applicable to one or more other capacitive devices C2 160 , C3 560 and/or C4 1160 .

In order to store 5 to 6 Mega-Joules (MJ) in the first capacitive device C1 130 , a capacitance in the range of 1 to 1.4F and a voltage in the range of 2,700 to 3,000V are required. As mentioned in the prior art, C = e _r e _o A / d, where C is the capacitance in farads, A is the area where parallel plates overlap, e _r is the permittivity of the dielectric, e _o is the dielectric A constant (approximately 8.854 * 10 ^-12 F/meter), d, is the distance in meters at which the plates are separated.

15A is a top view of the first capacitive device C1 130 . The first capacitive device includes an electrode plate in the shape of a circle or a piece of a circle, such as four sectors. The first capacitive device C1 130 comprises four distinct capacitive quarters C11 to C14. These capacitive quarters may be electrically connected and coupled to each other to form a first capacitive device C1 130 . The capacitive device diameter D1 will be at most one member of the group consisting of 1.2M, 1M, 0.75M, 0.5M and 0.25M. The area A of the overlapping plates is approximately 0.25 * pi * D1 ² .

FIG. 15B shows a simplified example of a cross section of one of the capacitive quarters, eg C14 of FIG. 15A . This cross-section includes a set of layers and plates. In this example, the layer is a layer of dielectric 1330 . Dielectric 1330 is a ceramic, possibly comprising essentially one or more of the group consisting of barium titanate, barium strontium titanate (BST) and strontium titanate. Dielectric 1330 may be provided as a powder and possibly high pressure treated to dislodge loss of capacitance voids and/or moisture. Such powders are referred to as 'sintered'. The dielectric 1330 layer essentially has a thickness d, where d is modeled as the distance between plate 1 and plate 2 . Electrode 1 1310 includes all plates 1 . Electrode 2 1320 includes all plates 2 . The electrode 1 1310 and the electrode 2 1320 are necessarily made of the same material, such as an alloy of a metal element, and the metal element may be a member of the group consisting of tin and aluminum.

15C shows a refinement of the layer diagram of FIG. 15B further comprising at least one of a battery 1340 layer, a resistor 1350 layer, and/or a diode 1360 layer. The battery 1340 layer is used to further store energy that can be released over a longer period of time than the energy released between the plates 1 and 2 and the dielectric layer. The resistor 1350 layer eliminates the need for one or more resistors in individual elements in the DC energy delivery device 100 . The diode 1360 layer acts to protect the first capacitive device C1 130 from an unsuited state in the DC energy delivery device 100 .

Fig. 15D shows a cross-section taken along line A-A of the capacitive element C14 of Fig. 15A.

15E shows the deposition of a dielectric 1330 separating the plates of the two electrodes 1310 and 1320, as well as the connection of the individual plates of the first electrode 130 to form the first electrode in the cross section A-A of FIG. 15D; The connection of the individual plates of the second electrode 1320 to form the second electrode is shown.

15F-15H illustrate some embodiments of one or more sides of one or more plates of one or more electrodes including fingers, such as carbon nanotubes, deposited and/or grown on the sides of the plates. Fingers such as carbon nanotubes can increase the effective area of the surface, and a factor of at least 110%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 250% or more over the macroscopic area of the plate is possible. This feature may reduce the size and weight required for the device, while improving the capacitance of a capacitive device such as C1, C2, C3 and/or C4 by the same factor.

15F shows an example of a plate of the first electrode 1 1310 including a first surface on which carbon nanotubes 1312 are deposited and/or grown.

FIG. 15G shows an example of a plate of the second electrode 2 1320 including a first surface on which carbon nanotubes 1312 are deposited and/or grown.

15H shows one of the electrodes 1310 on which carbon nanotubes 1312 are deposited and/or grown on two sides of a plate. This figure can also be applied to the second electrode 2 (1320).

FIG. 15i shows a second comprising m instances C1.1 130.1 to C1.m 130.m having first terminals connected to form a first terminal 1 of a first capacitive device C1 130 . An example of a monocapacitive device C1 130 is shown. The second terminal 2 of C1.1 to C1.m may also be connected to form the second terminal 2 of C1 130 . Such circuit connections are often referred to as parallel circuits of components. As used herein, m is at least 2.

An implementation of the second capacitive device C2 150 may include a circuit where m is 6, as shown in FIG. 15I . In the second embodiment, the service voltage between the service terminal and the common terminal is 64V or a small multiple of 64V. Now assume that the service voltage is 64V and the second capacitive device C2 needs to store more than 2MJ. Components C2.1 to C2.m in that implementation are stacks (series circuits) of supercapacitors, each stack implementing 125F at possible 64V. These components are mass-produced today.

In various implementations, combining some or all of the features of capacitive device C1 130 implements any or all of other capacitive devices C2 160 , C3 560 , and/or C4 1160 . can be used

In part of a second embodiment of DC energy delivery network 220, as shown in Figures 4, 7 and 10, the preferred assembly includes dual output stages, each preferably being charged and discharged separately.

In part of the second embodiment of the DC energy delivery network 220 , the single stage DC energy delivery device 100 is preferably as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6 .

In part of the second embodiment of the DC energy delivery network 220 , the dual stage DC energy delivery device 700 is preferably as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 .

In some of the second implementations of the DC energy transfer network 220 , the DC energy transfer device 900 sharing the output inductor is preferably as shown in FIGS. 10 and 12 . In this figure, the DC capacitance stage may be implemented as shown in FIG. 11 .

DC energy device 900 with a shared inductor is implemented as a single stage DC energy delivery device 100 as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B , or as a dual stage DC energy delivery device as shown in FIGS. 9C and 9D . Implemented in device 700 .

Shared inductor L3 950 is directly connected between output DC terminal 104 to shared output DC terminal 904 as shown in FIG. 9A . Alternatively, the shared inductor L3 950 may be connected between the output DC terminal 104 to the shared output DC terminal 904, respectively, as shown in FIG. 9B , a fifth diode D5 and/or a sixth diode. It is connected via (D6).

Shared inductor L3 950 may be connected directly between output DC terminal 404 and shared output DC terminal 904 as shown in FIG. 9C . Alternatively, the shared inductor L3 950 may be connected between a seventh diode D7 and/or an eighth diode between the output DC terminal 404 and the shared output DC terminal 904, respectively, as shown in FIG. 9D . It can be connected via (D8).

Referring back to the third embodiment of the DC energy delivery network 220 , the energy delivery device 100 in the DC energy delivery network 220 is configured to maintain a fuel usage of at least 200 miles per gallon or at least 86 km per liter. configured to operate at 210 . In other words, if unit 320 is 1 gallon, the expected travel distance is at least 200 miles, and if unit 320 is 1 liter, the expected travel distance is at least 86 km.

Assuming manufacturing cost is an important consideration for automakers, simple circuits that are reliably established will be preferred. However, being able to handle the second version of the vehicle 210 with twice the fuel efficiency would have greater business value, especially if this deployment has a rapid flow in the market.

If the requirements of the second embodiment of the DC energy delivery network 220 are met by using two DC SD stages 400 - 1 , 400 - 2 as shown in FIG. 4 or 7 , then FIG. 6 or FIG. A third implementation of DC energy delivery network 220 using four instances of DC SD stages 400-1 to 400-4 as shown in 8 would be preferred.

If the requirements of the second embodiment of the DC energy delivery network 220 are met with two instances of two DC capacitance stages 1000-1, 1000-2 as shown in FIG. 10, then as shown in FIG. Likewise, a third implementation of DC energy delivery network 220 using four instances of DC capacitance stages 1000 - 1 to 1000 - 4 would be preferred.

Inductive devices L1 150 , L2 550 , and L3 950 may initially be implemented with commercially available inductors.

However, improvements in cooling and qualification of inductors are desired.

In various implementations of the DC energy transfer device 100 and others of the DC energy transfer network 220, inductors whose performance is characterized by performance indications include high frequencies across them as well as low frequencies involved in normal operation. It is desirable to reflect energy.

Inductors suitable for use in various embodiments of the present invention will require a liquid insulator such as a cooling layer, possibly mineral oal.

Switches SW1 (140), SW2 (410-2), SW3 (410-3), SW4 (540), SW5 (410-5) and/or SW6 (410-6) are already implemented as solid-state switches at the time of manufacture. can be

However, there are cases where a reliable mechanical switch implementation is desired, for example a relay comprising an armature cavity in which an armature moves between the open and closed connections of terminals 1 and 2 .

The armature cavity may be filled with a liquid insulator to suppress the effects of arc discharge as the armature opens and closes the connection between the switch terminals 1 and 2 .

The mechanical switch may further include a plunger configured to release the liquid insulator from the gap between the armature and the terminal contact when the switch is closed and to push the liquid insulator into the gap when the switch is opened.

It is also within the scope of the present invention to configure the DC energy transfer device in two or more stages, but for the sake of brevity of the specification, a discussion thereof is omitted here.

It is also within the scope of the present invention to configure the DC SD stage 400 in four or more instances, but for the sake of brevity of the specification, a discussion thereof is omitted here. The number of instances of the DC SD stage 400 is at least one, and is not limited to a multiple of two. For example, a three-stage cycle of the electric motor 250 is preferred, resulting in three instances in the DC energy delivery network 220 .

16 summarizes a portion of a device 10 of the present invention that is individually manufactured or configured to meet the needs of various embodiments and/or implementations of the present invention. Device 10 includes DC energy delivery device 100 , dual stage DC energy delivery device 700 , energy delivery controller 170 and/or 280 , DC energy delivery network 220 , and components used in such circuitry. ( 1400 ), devices that include and/or benefit from the use of DC energy delivery devices and/or networks, including, but not limited to, methods of operating the devices in accordance with the present invention.

Components 1400 include at least one capacitive device C1 to C4 , at least one switch device SW1 to SW6 , at least one inductive device L1 to L3 , at least one SD stage 400 . ) and/or at least one DC capacitive device 1000 , each of which is defined and disclosed herein.

Applications include, but are not limited to, hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles, and/or solar power generation devices.

Any vehicle may be a car, truck, bus, trolley, train, manned or unmanned aerial vehicle, ship, submarine, satellite and/or spacecraft.

Preferred vehicles are automobiles, trucks or buses.

Solar power generation devices may include, but are not limited to, devices that transfer energy from solar arrays and/or solar storage, depending on whether the devices are on-grid or off-grid. doesn't happen

In the present invention, a hybrid electric/internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle 210 is disclosed.

17 illustrates at least one instance of at least one member of the group including a controller 1500 , a computer 1510 , a component 1520 , and a persistent memory 1530 comprising at least one of a memory item 1540 . energy transfer controllers 170 and/or 280 are shown.

The controller 1500 includes at least one input, at least one output and possibly at least one internal state. The controller 1500 responds to the input by changing its internal state. The controller 1500 generates an output based on at least one value of the input and/or at least one value of at least one internal state. Internal state may be implemented in one or more instances of persistent memory 1530 , memory item 1540 , and/or component 1520 .

Computer 1510 includes at least one instruction processor and at least one data processor. Each data processor is instructed by at least one instruction processor. The computer implements one or more instances of persistent memory 1530 , memory item 1540 , and/or component 1520 .

Memory items 1540 may be held in persistent memory 1530 , controller 1500 , and/or computer 1510 .

Memory item 1540 may include download 1550 , installation package 1552 , operating system 1554 and/or at least one program item 1556 , which may implement at least some of the methods of operating some elements of the present invention. ), including at least one instance of at least one of

As used herein, persistent memory 1530 is dependent on whether device 10 is currently coupled to power being generated for use by DC energy delivery device 100 and/or DC energy delivery network 220 . , comprising at least one volatile memory component and/or at least one non-volatile memory component configured and powered to have its volatility removed in normal operation. The non-volatile memory is configured to hold the memory item 1540 depending on whether the memory has been powered on. Volatile memory loses its memory item 1540 if power is not provided over a period of time.

18 illustrates some embodiments of program item 1556 of FIG. 17 , DC energy delivery device 100 , DC energy delivery network 220 , DC energy delivery device 100 and/or DC energy delivery network Implement at least one item of a method of operating at least one of the systems 180 comprising and/or using at least one of 220 , in particular at least a portion of a hybrid electric/ICE vehicle 210 . The method includes one or more steps, and program item 1556 includes one or more of the following instruction actions:

Program operation 1600 supports operation of DC energy delivery device 100 in response to sensing input DC terminal 102 and/or output DC terminal 104 relative to common terminal 160 . The energy transfer controller 170 may change the control state 172 to provide either the closed state 174 or the open state 176 to the control terminal C of the first switch SW1 140 .

In an embodiment, the input DC terminal has a first capacitance, having a capacitance estimated as Cest1 and an input DC DES comprising a voltage of Vin_est0 V at time t0 and a voltage of Vin_est1 V at time t1, as shown in FIG. 1 . connected to the sexual device C1 130 . The estimated energy stored in C1 at t0 may be calculated as 1/2 * Cest1 * Vinest0 ² . The estimated energy stored in C1 at t1 may be calculated as 1/2 * Cest1 * Vinest1 ² . The estimate of the energy transferred in C1 from time t0 to time t1 is 1/2 * Cest1 * (Vinest1 ² - Vinest0 ² ) can be calculated.

A second embodiment is also based on FIG. 1 . Assume that the second capacitive device C2 160 has an estimated capacitance of Cest2. Assume that the output DC DES has a voltage of Vout_est0 at t0 and contains a voltage of Vout_est1 at t1. Similarly, the estimate of the energy transferred from time t0 to t1 is 1/2 * Cest2 * (Vinest1 ² - Vinest0 ² ) can be calculated.

Operating the DC energy delivery device 100 includes charging the first capacitive device 100 when the estimated energy stored in C1 is below a threshold or the estimated voltage of the input DC DES is below a second threshold. Assume the operating maximum voltage at C1 is 3000V and the capacitance is 1F. The first threshold may be 1/4 of the energy stored in C1 at the maximum operating voltage of 3000V, and the second threshold may be 1/2 of 3000V.

The energy transfer efficiency between t0 and t1 can be estimated as the ratio of energy transferred from C2 divided by energy transferred from C1, Cest2 * (Vinest1 ² - Vinest0 ² ) / (Cest1 * (Vinest1 ² - Vinest0 ² )) can be calculated.

Program operation 1610 assists in operating DC energy delivery network 220 in response to sensing high energy terminal 202 and/or service terminal 204 to common terminal 106 .

Program operation 1620 assists in operating dual stage DC energy delivery device 700 to sense at least one of terminals 102 and/or 404 relative to common terminal 106 . This operation involves changing the two control states 172-1 and 172-2 to control the two switches respectively via common terminals 108 and 408 in the dual stage DC energy delivery device 700, respectively.

Program operation 1630 supports operating at least one step down (SD) stage 400 in response to sensing high energy terminal 202 and/or service terminal 204 relative to common terminal 106 . do.

Program operation 1640 assists in operating at least one capacitance (Cap) stage 100 in response to sensing high energy terminal 202 and/or service terminal 204 with respect to common terminal 106 . .

The program operation 1650 includes operating at least a portion of the system 180 in response to the at least one sensed DES of the at least one DC energy delivery device 100 and/or at least a portion of the DC energy delivery network 220 . Support.

The program operation 1660 supports operating the hybrid electric/ICE vehicle 210 in response to at least one sensed DES of the at least some DC energy delivery network 220 .

These examples and descriptions disclose the present invention, enable the claims, and are presented for divisional and continuous applications in various countries, those skilled in the art will recognize that the scope of the present invention is not limited only to the descriptions presented herein. will be.

For example, the simplest DC energy delivery device 100 is at least one contributing to the generation of an output DC DES essentially comprising a DC DES, referred to herein as an internal DC DES, beyond a prescribed element of the energy delivery device. It can be configured as an internal DES of

In other embodiments, one or more connections between the components of DC energy delivery device 100 as shown in FIG. 1 may not include diodes D1 or D2, although shown in the figure.

In another embodiment, between any connections in FIG. 1 and subsequent figures, a connection is made such that additional components, such as resistors, capacitors, diodes and/or inductors, do not interfere with the internal DC DES contributing to DC energy transfer. and may be provided.

Claims (24)

A device comprising a DC energy delivery device comprising an input DC terminal, a common terminal and an output DC terminal, the device comprising:
The DC energy transfer device is configured to be responsive to an input DC DES at an input DC terminal to deliver energy at the output DC terminal to an output DC DES via at least one internal dynamical electro-state (DES), each internal DES contains essentially a DC DES configured so that current flows in only one direction,
and the input DC DES and the output DC DES are related to the common terminal. According to claim 1,
The DC energy transfer device comprises a first capacitive device, a second capacitive device, a switch and an inductive device;
wherein the first capacitive device, the second capacitive device, the switch and the inductive device each include a first terminal and a second terminal;
The switch further includes a control terminal, configured to close a connection between the first terminal and the second terminal of the switch in a closed state and open the connection in an open state, wherein the closed state and the open state control the common terminal is the control DES response of the terminal,
The DC energy transfer device,
an input DC terminal connected to a first terminal of the first capacitive device and connected to a first terminal of the switch;
a second terminal of the first capacitive device is connected to the common terminal;
a second terminal of the switch is connected to a first terminal of the inductive device;
a second terminal of the inductive device is connected to the first terminal of the second capacitive device and an output DC terminal;
A device comprising a DC energy transfer device, wherein a second terminal of the second capacitive device is connected to a common terminal. 3. The method of claim 2,
The DC energy transfer device,
the input DC DES has a voltage of at least 36 V, the output DC DES has a voltage of at least 12 V, the first capacitive device has a capacitance of at least 500 μF at an operating voltage of at least 800 V, and the second capacitive device has a voltage of at least 1500 μF configured to meet a configuration having a capacitance;
An apparatus comprising a DC energy transfer device, wherein the energy transfer between the input DC terminal and the output DC terminal is configured to be at least K% efficient, wherein K is at least 65. 4. The method of claim 3,
wherein the efficiency of energy transfer is the ratio of the change in energy in the second capacitive device divided by the change in energy in the first capacitive device. 4. The method of claim 3,
DC characterized in that the energy change of a capacitor with voltage V1 at first time, voltage V2 at second time and capacitance C has an estimated energy of 1/2 * C * (V2 * V2 - V1 * V1) A device comprising an energy delivery device. 4. The method of claim 3,
The device comprising a DC energy delivery device, characterized in that the DC energy delivery device is configured such that the K is at least 75 or greater. 7. The method of claim 6,
The device comprising a DC energy delivery device, wherein the DC energy delivery device is configured such that the K is at least 83 or greater. 4. The method of claim 3,
The DC energy delivery device comprises:
configuration in which the input DC DES comprises a voltage of at least 1000 V;
configuration wherein the output DC DES comprises a voltage of at least 100 V;
wherein the first capacitive device comprises a capacitance of at least 0.5F at an operating voltage of at least 1000V, and/or
wherein the second capacitive device comprises a capacitance of at least 1.0F.
Device comprising a DC energy delivery device, characterized in that configured to satisfy at least one or more of. 9. The method of claim 8,
The DC energy delivery device comprises:
configuration in which the input DC DES comprises a voltage of at least 2000 V;
configuration wherein the output DC DES comprises a voltage of at least 200 V;
wherein the first capacitive device comprises a capacitance of at least 1.0 F at an operating voltage of at least 2000 V, and/or
wherein the second capacitive device comprises a capacitance of at least 2.0F.
Device comprising a DC energy delivery device, characterized in that configured to satisfy at least one or more of. 10. The method of claim 9,
The DC energy delivery device comprises:
configuration in which the input DC DES comprises a voltage of at least 3000V;
configuration wherein the output DC DES comprises a voltage of at least 300V;
wherein the first capacitive device comprises an operating voltage of at least 3000V, and/or
wherein the second capacitive device comprises a capacitance of at least 4.0F.
Device comprising a DC energy delivery device, characterized in that configured to satisfy at least one or more of. According to claim 1,
A DC energy delivery network comprising a high energy terminal, a service terminal, a common terminal and at least one instance of a DC energy delivery device configured to transfer energy of at least 1 MJ between the high energy terminal and the service terminal. A device comprising a DC energy transfer device. 12. The method of claim 11,
and the energy transfer between the high energy terminal and the service terminal is at least 2 MJ. 13. The method of claim 12,
and the energy transfer between the high energy terminal and the service terminal is at least 4 MJ. 12. The method of claim 11,
wherein the energy transfer between the high energy terminal and the service terminal has an energy efficiency of at least K%, and wherein K is at least 65. 12. The method of claim 11,
wherein K is at least 75. 12. The method of claim 11,
wherein K is at least 83. 12. The method of claim 11,
An apparatus comprising a DC energy transfer device, further comprising a system operative in response to energy transfer of the DC energy transfer network. 18. The method of claim 17,
wherein the system comprises an electric motor coupled to a service terminal for using the energy transfer of a DC energy transfer network. 19. The method of claim 18,
A device comprising a DC energy transfer device, characterized in that the continuous system further comprises a fuel cell and/or solar cell and/or generator connected to the high energy terminal for providing energy to the DC energy transfer network for energy transfer. . 19. The method of claim 18,
wherein the system further comprises a DC energy delivery network. 21. The method of claim 20,
wherein the system at least partially drives a vehicle. 22. The method of claim 21,
Device comprising a DC energy delivery device, characterized in that the vehicle is an electric vehicle and/or a hybrid vehicle. 22. The method of claim 21,
wherein the hybrid vehicle is a hybrid electric/internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. 22. The method of claim 21,
wherein the vehicle is an automobile.

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