JPS61500764A - Storage battery charging circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Storage battery charging circuit The invention provides an advantageously pulsed voltage source which can be selectively connected to a direct or alternating voltage source. A width-modulated electronic switching power supply circuit and a storage battery are thermally coupled to each other. a temperature sensor that sends out a voltage that changes according to the detected storage battery temperature; a storage battery voltage detection device, wherein the electronic switching power supply circuit section is , depending on the state of charge of the storage battery, continuous charging current is sent to the storage battery and rapid charging current is sent to the storage battery. The present invention relates to a charging circuit for a storage battery that switches between sending and receiving current.

For storage batteries or rechargeable batteries such as nickel-cadmium batteries. Charging circuits typically include a controllable regulator that can be connected to a power supply The output side is connected to the control terminal of this rectifier, and the input side is connected to the storage battery voltage. , to at least one actual value generator for detecting charging current, battery temperature, etc. control and regulation electronics connected thereto. List of detected actual values Depending on the ξ parameter which can be adjusted in the control and adjustment electronics section, A controllable rectifier allows the storage of either high fast charge currents or small continuous or sustained charge currents. The flow to the battery is controlled. This ensures that the storage battery power is always ready. and at the same time guarantee that the storage battery will not be destroyed or its lifespan will be impaired. However, this is particularly important in the case of sensitive nickel-cadmium cells.

The control and regulating electronics then ensure that the accumulator is always in the shortest possible time. It is charged and the charging process is complete.

in a timely manner to avoid the formation of bubbles that could lead to the destruction of the battery. guarantees high accuracy.

Literature “Elektronik”, 1966, No. From Volume 3, page 91, a storage battery charging device having a thyristor is known, and it is described here. The storage battery to be charged, which is connected in series with the combined thyristor, is connected to the AC voltage source for power supply. connected to the output side of the rectifier circuit that can be connected. Battery or storage battery voltage If there is a shortage of thyristors, the series connected thyristors will Therefore, the voltage generated at the output side of the rectifier is reduced until the final charging voltage of the battery or accumulator is reached. The input connection is made by each half-wave of the DC voltage in the form of a pull. zener dioh The reference circuit with the first thyristor is The second thyristor provided in the column branch is fired, so that the current flows through this second thyristor. A first syringe led through the lister and thereby connected in series to the accumulator. star is blocked.

An adjustable resistor, also connected in parallel to the first thyristor, Consideration should be given to maintaining a continuous charging current to the accumulator during disconnection, in which case its resistance The value corresponds to the natural self-discharge of a battery or accumulator when no further current is consumed. It is stipulated to compensate exactly.

Additionally, in a quick charging circuit for accumulators or batteries, accumulators or batteries A temperature sensor that can be installed in the storage battery or battery temperature detected by this sensor is provided. A voltage corresponding to live. The rise in temperature of the accumulator or battery may influence the determination of the cut-off criteria for the rapid charging process. It is well known to take this into consideration.

The problem of the present invention is that the storage battery can Energy storage that is charged to its maximum capacity and guarantees the maximum lifespan of the storage battery. To provide a battery charging circuit.

According to the invention, this problem is solved by the temperature-dependent voltage sequence delivered by the temperature sensor. In the first comparison, two voltages corresponding to the upper and lower temperature values of the storage battery are compared. and the input side of the limit value circuit, and the output voltage of this circuit is sent by the temperature sensor. The storage battery voltage and the continuous charging current and fast charging current of the voltage dependent on the temperature input into a second comparison and limit value circuit with two corresponding reference voltages, and this circuit The output voltage of the electronic switching power supply is determined by the continuous charging from an electronic switching power supply circuit. This problem was solved by making it correspond to the voltage target value for sending out the electric current. Ru.

With the solution of the invention, the storage battery can be adjusted to This makes it possible to optimally charge a large capacity and at the same time reduce the charging current in each case. , is now guaranteed to have a value such that the maximum service life of the storage battery is guaranteed. Ru.

An advantageous configuration of the solution according to the invention has the following features. In other words, is it a temperature sensor? The temperature-dependent voltage delivered from the a) The negative input side is connected to the first tap of the first voltage divider, which is connected to the reference voltage. the positive input side of the first comparator, which is b) a second comparator whose positive input is connected to the second tap of said first voltage divider; C) the negative input side of the first analog switch; and The first tap of the first voltage divider is connected to the input side of the second analog switch. , the control input side of the analog switch is connected to the output side of the first comparator. Ri, Katsu The output side of the second comparator is connected to the control input side of the third analog switch. The input side of the analog switch is connected to ground potential, and both of the above The output side of the comparator is combined via a NOR gate to the first analog signal. connected to the control terminal of the device, and The output side of the analog switch is connected via a second amplifier to a first comparison and limit value circuit. The output voltage of the circuit is sent out.

This configuration of the inventive solution allows for continuous charging current or fast charging current adjustment settings. In each case, the maximum capacity of the storage battery is determined, taking into account the respective operating temperature of the storage battery. optimal in terms of reaching the capacity as quickly as possible and prolonging the life of the storage battery. It is ensured that a target value of 9 is delivered which is also optimal after consideration.

Another advantageous embodiment of the solution of the invention is characterized as follows. Sunawa The second comparison and limit value circuit has a total of three comparators; The negative input side is connected to the output voltage of the first comparison and limit value circuit and the positive input side The detected storage battery voltage is applied to the second The comparison and limit value circuit has fourth and fifth analog switches, the analog Each input side of the switch has a reference voltage for continuous charging current or fast charging current. pressure is applied, and at that time, the control input side of the fourth analog switch is directly and the control input side of the fifth analog switch is connected to the third analog switch via an inverter element. connected to the output side of the converter and the second comparison and limit value circuit; includes an output amplifier, the positive input side of which is connected to a fourth resistor via a second resistor. Connected to the output side of the analog switch and the fifth analog switch, and The negative input side receives a temperature-dependent voltage sent from the temperature sensor via the third resistor. The second comparison and limit value circuit is simultaneously supplied via the fourth resistor. connected to the output side of the line.

Another configuration of the inventive solution is to take into account the detected battery voltage and to Depending on the actual voltage present and the actual voltage of the accumulator, the continuous or fast charging Corresponding target values for the current are predetermined, with the typical Ensure that charging characteristic curves are taken into account.

Another advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention has the following characteristics. i.e. storage battery The positive terminal of is connected to the positive input side of the differential amplifier and the cell tap of the storage battery. is connected to the input side of the amplifier and the negative input side of the differential amplifier, and The output side of the differential amplifier, which represents the voltage of is connected to the input side of the seventh analog switch and the output side of the fourth comparator. At the same time as the control input side of the sixth analog switch, the power side is connected to the control input side of the sixth analog switch via the second inverter. 7 analog switch, and the 6th analog switch is connected to the control input side of the 6th analog switch. and the output side of the seventh analog switch connects one of the storage battery voltages via an RC network. and sends it to the positive input side of the third comparator.

By dividing the storage battery voltage by cell, it is possible to additionally detect the The cell voltage difference is taken into account, starting from the larger voltage value in each case. As a result, hazardous areas are taken into account in each case in order to protect the storage battery.

The idea on which the present invention is based will be explained in detail based on the illustrated embodiment.

that time FIG. 1 shows a block circuit diagram of a first comparison and limit value circuit; Figure 2 shows the block circuit of the second comparison and limit value circuit and the storage battery voltage detection device. Figure 3 shows the progression of the cut-off voltage or end-of-charge voltage of the storage battery as a function of temperature. This is a diagram showing FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the dependence of charging current on the temperature of the storage battery, FIG. 5 shows the course of the output voltage of the first comparison and limit value circuit as a function of temperature. and FIG. 6 shows a second comparison and limit value circuit depending on battery temperature. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the course of target value-output voltage.

A first comparison and limit value circuit 2 connected to the actual value generator is shown in FIG. The block diagram shows on the one hand a reference voltage source URef or a control and regulation circuit. connected to a first resistor 8 which is connected to a constant voltage taken from the voltage supply of the circuit. on the other hand, which is connected in a thermally fixed manner to the storage battery in question. - Shows Mr. 7.

Similarly, three voltage dividing resistors 41, 42 . . . are connected in series to the reference voltage source URef. A voltage divider 4 consisting of 43 is connected, and these voltage divider resistors have a reference voltage on one side It is connected to the pressure source URe f, and is connected to the ground potential on the other side, At this time, a first tap is provided at the connection point between the first voltage dividing resistor 41 and the voltage dividing resistor 42. In addition, a second tap is provided at the connection point between the second voltage dividing resistor 42 and the third voltage dividing resistor 43. ing.

The connection point between the first resistor 8 and the thermistor 7 is connected to the differential voltage of the first comparison and limit value circuit 2. is connected to the positive input side of the amplifier 20, and the negative input side of this amplifier is connected to the positive input side of the amplifier 20. A feedback connection is made to the output side of the device 20. Additionally, the output side of the first differential amplifier 20 is It is connected to the positive input side of the first comparator 21, and the negative input side is connected to the voltage divider. is connected to the first tap. The positive input side of the second comparator 22 is connected to the voltage divider 4 The negative input side is connected to the second tap of the first differential amplifier 20, while the negative input side is connected to the output side of the first differential amplifier 20. The output side of this amplifier is additionally connected to the first analog switch 24. Connected to the input side.

This analog switch 24' is activated when its control input C has a logic high level. It is always invested.

The input side of the second analog switch 25 is connected to the first tap of the voltage divider 4, On the other hand, the control input side is connected to the output side of the first comparator 21. 1st analog The control input side of the switch 24 is connected to the output side of the NOR gate 23, The input side of this gate is connected to the first controller Av-121 and the second controller ξlator 22. It is connected.

Finally, the input side of the third analog switch 26 is connected to ground potential, while the input side is connected to the ground potential. The control input side is connected to the output side of the second comparator 22. all analog The output sides of the switches 24, 25, 26 are interconnected and connected to a second differential amplifier. 27, and its negative input side is connected to the positive input side of the second resistor 28. ground potential, and is also connected to the output side of the booster via the third resistor 29. has been done. The output side of the second differential amplifier 27 is dependent on the respective storage battery temperature. , fixing the switching criteria for switching from continuous charging current to fast charging current and vice versa. The block circuit diagram shown in Figure 2 shows the comparison voltage for the second comparison and Limit value circuit 3, storage battery voltage detection circuit 6, quick charging current and continuous charging current A second voltage divider 5 is shown which delivers a reference voltage for the desired value of the current.

The second comparison and limit value circuit 3 has a third comparator 31, which The voltage U2 delivered from the first comparison and limit value circuit is added to the negative input side of the regulator. A voltage U1 representing the accumulator voltage is applied to the positive input side. 3rd/No. The output side of the controller 31 is connected to the control input side of the fourth analog switch 33 on one side. On the other hand, the first inn, ? - 5th analog switch via data 32 It is connected to the control input side of the switch i4. The input side of this fifth analog switch 34 is applied with the first reference voltage "Ref", while the input side of the fourth analog switch 33 is A second reference voltage U''Ref for the continuous charging current is applied. two reference voltages The pressures U'Ref and U''Ref are connected in series with 3 analogous to the first voltage divider 4. It is tapped off in a second voltage divider 5 having two voltage dividing resistors 50, 52, 53. minutes The piezoresistor is connected on the one hand to the reference voltage source URef and on the other hand to the voltage reference source URef. In this case, the connection between the fourth voltage dividing resistor 51 and the fifth voltage dividing resistor 52 is is a first tap for delivering a first reference voltage ``Ref'' for the rapid charge current. and the connection point between the fifth voltage dividing resistor 52 and the sixth voltage dividing resistor 53 corresponds to the continuous charging current. A second tap is formed for sending out a second reference voltage U''Ref corresponding to the second reference voltage U''Ref.

The output sides of the two analog switches 33, 34 are connected to each other and the third It is connected to the positive input side of the third differential amplifier 35 via a resistor 36, and this amplification The negative input side of the amplifier is on the one hand fed from the first differential amplifier 20 via the fourth resistor 37. connected to the voltage UT for the temperature measured in the accumulator, On the other hand, it is connected to the output side of the amplifier via a fifth resistor 38t. Third The output side of the differential booster 35 is connected to the electronic switching power supply circuit section. voltage target value UIs for the charging current to be delivered. 1 appears. Charging at that time The current is the target value UIs for the quick charging current. 11 or continuous charging current Pressure target value UIs. Corresponds to 11.

The accumulator voltage detection is preferably carried out in this case using additional taps on several cells of the accumulator. , so that different cell voltages can be taken into account. storage battery voltage The detection circuit 6 has a positive input side connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery l, and a negative input side connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery l. has a fourth differential amplifier 61 connected to the storage battery tap. Amplifier 62 stores Only connected to the battery tap.

The output side of the fourth differential amplifier that sends out a voltage corresponding to the first storage battery cell is connected to a fourth controller. Connected to the positive input side of the router 63 and the input side of the sixth analog switch 64. There is. The output side of the amplifier 62 is connected to the negative input side of the fourth comparator 63 on the one hand. and the other side is connected to the input side of the seventh analog switch 65. There is. The control input side of the sixth analog switch 64 is the output side of the fourth comparator 63. It is connected to the. The control input side C of the seventh analog switch 65 is connected to the second inverter. It is connected to the output side of the fourth comparator 63 via 66. two analogs The output sides of the switches 64, 65 are grouped together and connected via a resistor 9 to the third It is connected to the positive input side of the converter 31.

Optionally, the positive input side of the third comparator 31 is connected to the resistor 10 and the capacitor 11. can be connected to ground potential via an RC network consisting of a parallel circuit of .

Next, the operation of the circuit devices shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be explained by the curves shown in FIGS. 3 through 6. This will be explained in detail in relation to the progress.

Figure 3 shows the switching from rapid charging current to continuous charging current depending on the storage battery temperature T. The curve profile of the cut-off voltage U8 and the end-of-charge voltage is shown. upper limit The limit curve course is indicated by the course of the cut-off voltage curve U'2, while the lower region is It is indicated by the curve course U“2 of the cut-off voltage. Within this region, the rapid charging Change the charging end voltage to switch from current to continuous charging current and vice versa. be able to. This type of curve display is for fast-charging batteries or accumulators. specified by the manufacturer, below a temperature of 0°C the cut-off voltage no longer needs to be increased. On the other hand, at temperatures above 45℃, the charging current must be cut off or continuous charging must be performed. This means that it can be transferred to electric current.

The course of the respective charging current with respect to the storage battery temperature T is illustrated in FIG. Above a temperature of 45°C, operation with continuous charging current is only possible; The lower side can be charged either by continuous charging current or by fast charging current. It represents that.

From the above characteristic curve specified by the battery manufacturer, depending on the battery temperature T The external conditions introduced into the circuit of the invention of FIG. A problem arises. From the circuit arrangement in Figure 1 occurs, the UT then absorbs the temperature-dependent voltage appearing at the output of the first differential amplifier 20. voltage, URef is the voltage of the reference voltage source, and R7 is the voltage of the thermistor 7 at each time. R8 is the ohmic resistance value of the first resistor 8. Constant reference voltage and assuming that the resistance value for the first resistor 8 is constant, the resistance value R7 changes. From the above equation, it follows that the temperature curve is similar to the characteristic curve of the thermistor 7 used. A dependence of the dependent voltage UT results. This characteristic curve, which is known per se, has a negative slope As a result, the lower the temperature, the higher the resistance, and the higher the temperature, the lower the resistance. Resistance value is low. Therefore, as the temperature T increases, the resistance value decreases, and as a result, this Similar to the above, when the resistance value of the thermistor 7 decreases, the voltage T decreases.

The output voltage U2 of the first comparison and limit value circuit 2 is:

, in which case U is the composite output at the output side of the analog switches 24 to 26. R28 is the resistance value of the second resistor 28, and R2 is the resistance value of the third resistor 2. The resistance value is 9. From the above formula, if the ratio of the resistance values of resistors 28 and 29 is constant U2=U,・Kv In other words, the voltage course of the output voltage U2 is calculated by three analyzes taking into account certain coefficients. According to the voltage at the output side of the log switch 24, 25° 26. For example 45° Only when the maximum allowable temperature of C is exceeded, the output voltage U2 is 5.26 corresponds to the voltage appearing on the output side. In this case, the third analog This is because only switch 26 is controlled and voltage U5 is reduced to ground potential. . For this reason, as soon as the output voltage U2 reaches the maximum permissible temperature of, for example, 45°C, Voltage U.

Similarly, it descends to zero. This relationship is illustrated in FIG. is compared with the detected accumulator voltage U1 using a regulator 31 and dependent on this comparison. The fourth analog switch 33 or the fifth analog switch 34 is controlled accordingly.

Then the reference for the fast charging current applied to the input side of these analog switches The voltage U'Rof or the reference voltage ''Rel for the continuous charging current is determined by the third differential increaser. It is fed to the positive input side of the spanner 35.

The negative input side of this amplifier includes the feedback output and the output voltage of the first differential amplifier 20. Pressure is added. Therefore, the output voltage of the third differential amplifier 35 is UIsoll "" (U'Re f or U''Re f) -k °LJ It is T.

From now on, we will determine the quick charging current U in advance. Target value of voltage or continuous charging current UIds for. 1. to decide in advance For the setpoint value of the voltage, the curve profile shown in FIG. 6 results. Straight line UIssoll to UIdsoll have the same slope depending on the slope of the curve kXUT.

Reference voltage U'Ref for rapid charging current or reference voltage for continuous charging current "Ref is illustrated as constant parallel to the course of the abscissa T. The circuit of FIG. The following is clear from this diagram in relation to the device:

In other words, the temperature is below the upper limit value, for example 45°C or below, and the storage battery is Assuming that the voltage U1 detected is smaller than the voltage U2, the rapid charging current i.e. with UIsoll as the target value on the other hand, the storage battery voltage is greater than the output voltage U2 of the first comparison and limit value circuit 2. is charged by a continuous charging current, i.e. if the setpoint voltage UIdsoll is It can be determined accordingly.

If the temperature is equal to or above the upper limit of e.g. 45°C, the first ratio The output voltage U2 of the comparison and limit value circuit 2 is applied to the 37th analog switch 26, which is turned on. becomes zero based on , so that the condition Ul〉U2 is guaranteed, that is, in this case, the preset value of the target value voltage UIdsoll is also guaranteed. charged by continuous charging current.

The invention, which has been described in detail with reference to one embodiment, can be applied, for example, to the charging current shown in FIG. is constant, i.e. independent of battery temperature, different target characteristic curves can be simplified by taking into account the following, and in this case the circuit arrangement is considerably simplified. death However, we will explain the case where the charging current in each case is taken into account precisely depending on the battery temperature. It has been recognized that a charging circuit with a similar structure can be advantageous.

U Figure 5 Figure 6

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. It can be selectively connected to a DC voltage source or an AC voltage source, and the state of charge of the storage battery Switches the supply of continuous charging current and quick charging current to the storage battery depending on the state. , an electronic switching power supply circuit which is advantageously pulse-width modulated and a heat source for the accumulator. a temperature sensor that is coupled to the a device for transmitting a reference voltage for storage battery temperature, and a device for detecting storage battery voltage. In a storage battery charging circuit having a device, Temperature-dependent voltage (UT) and energy storage delivered by the temperature sensor (7) Predeterminable upper temperature value and predetermining of pond (1) The two voltages (UO, UU) corresponding to the lower temperature values possible are the first comparison and It is adapted to be applied to the input side of the limit value circuit (2), and the comparison and limit value The output voltage (U2) of the circuit is obtained from the storage battery voltage (U1) and the temperature sensor (7). The temperature dependent voltage delivered (UT) and the continuous charging current (Id) and fast charging With two reference voltages (U′Ref, U”Ref) corresponding to the electric current (lS) input to a second comparison and limit value circuit (3) and the output of said comparison and limit value circuit; The voltage (U1so11) supplies the fast charging current from the electronic switching power supply circuit. Setpoint voltage (Usso11) or electronic switching power supply circuit for sending out corresponds to the voltage target value (UIdso11) for sending continuous charging current from the unit. A storage battery charging circuit characterized by: 2. The temperature-dependent voltage (UT) delivered by the temperature sensor (7) is connected to the first amplifier. via (20) a) the negative input side is connected to the reference voltage (URef); The positive voltage of the first comparator (21) connected to the first tap of the voltage divider (4) of and b) the positive input side is connected to the second tap of the first voltage divider (4). the negative input side of the second comparator (22); C) is connected to the input side of the first analog switch (24), and The first tap of the first voltage divider (4) is connected to the input side of the second analog switch (25). The control input side of the analog switch is connected to the first comparator (21). connected to the output side of the The output side of the second comparator (22) is controlled by the third analog switch (26). The input side of the switch is connected to the ground potential. ,and The output sides of the two comparators (21, 22) are connected via a NOR gate (23). are connected to the control terminal of the first analog switch (24), and The output side of the analog switch (24, 25, 26) is connected via a second amplifier (27). and transmitting the output voltage (U2) of the first comparison and limit value circuit (2). A storage battery charging circuit according to item 1 of the box. 3. The temperature sensor (7) is connected to a first resistor (8) connected to a reference voltage (URef). ) is connected in series with the first resistor (8) and the thermistor. The connection point with the star (7) is connected to the positive input side of the first amplifier (20). The output side of the amplifier is feedback coupled to the negative input side, and the first voltage divider (4) is Connected to the reference voltage (URef) on the one hand and earth potential on the other hand. It consists of a series circuit of three voltage divider resistors (41, 42, 43) connected to At that time, the connection point between the first voltage divider resistor (41) and the second voltage divider resistor (42) is the voltage divider. forming the first tap of the voltage divider (4) and the second voltage divider resistor (42) and the third voltage divider resistor (42). Claim 2, wherein the connection point with the resistor (43) forms the second tap of the voltage divider (4). The storage battery charging circuit described in section. 4. The second comparison and limit value circuit (3) includes a third comparator (31) and a fourth comparator (31). and a fifth analog switch (33, 34) and an output amplifier (35). and the negative input side of the third comparator is connected to the first comparison and limit value circuit (2). The output voltage (U2) is applied to the positive input side, and the detected storage battery voltage (U2) is applied to the positive input side. 1) is applied to the input sides of the fourth and fifth analog switches, respectively. The reference voltage (U′) for continuous charging current (1d) or rapid charging current (ls) Ref, U”Ref), the fourth analog switch The control input side of the switch (33) directly and also controls the fifth analog switch (34). The input side is connected to the output side of the third comparator (31) via the inverter element (32). connected to, and The positive input side of the output amplifier is connected to the fourth and fifth analogs via the second resistor (36). It is connected to the output side of the negative switch (33, 34), and the third A temperature-dependent voltage (UT) is provided which is sent out from the temperature sensor (7) via a low resistor. At the same time, the input side is connected to its output side via the fourth low resistor (38). A storage battery charging circuit according to claim 1 or 2. 5. Reference voltage (U′) for continuous charging current (ld) or rapid charging current (Is) Ref, U”Ref) is connected to the reference voltage (URef) on one side and Three series connected voltage divider low resistors ( 51, 52, 53), in which the The connection point between the fourth voltage divider resistor (51) and the fifth voltage divider resistor (52) is the first reference voltage. (U′Ref), and the fifth voltage divider low resistor (52) and the sixth voltage divider low resistor ( Claim 4, wherein the connection point with 53) sends out the second reference voltage (U''Ref) The storage battery charging circuit described. 6. The positive pole of the storage battery (1) is connected to the positive input side of the differential amplifier (61). The cell tap of the storage battery (1) is connected to the input side of the amplifier (62) and the differential amplifier (62). 61) and the first cell voltage of the differential amplifier (61). The output side representing the pressure (UZ1) is connected to the positive input side of the fourth comparator (63). is connected to the input side of the sixth analog switch (64), and the amplifier ( 62), the output side representing the second cell voltage (UZ2) is connected to the fourth comparator (62). 3) and the input side of the seventh analog switch (65). and the output side of the fourth comparator (63) is the output side of the sixth analog switch (64). At the same time on the control input side, the seventh analog switch is connected via the second inverter (66). (65) and connected to the control input side of the sixth and seventh analog switches. The output side of (64, 65) connects one of the storage battery voltages (U1) via the RC network (9). Claims 1 to 3 are transmitted to the positive input side of the third comparator (31). The storage battery charging circuit described in any one of items 5 to 5.