JPH11511948A - Double salient magnet generator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Abstract A double salient magnet generator includes an annular rotor (102) inserted between a pair of laterally disposed stators (100, 104). The rotor 102 includes a plurality of permanent magnets (106) alternated with electromagnetic salient poles (108) made of steel. Each stator (100, 104) has a plurality of equally spaced, longitudinally oriented poles (110, 112) and supports a plurality of serially connected copper wires (126, 128). The two copper wires include a phase A winding and a phase B winding.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION                            Double salient magnet generator                                Background of the Invention Field of the invention   The present invention relates to low-speed generators, and in particular to generators for direct acting wind turbines.Description of related technology   In recent years, wind turbines have become an environmentally safe and relatively inexpensive alternative energy. Attracting attention. Because of this growing interest, reliable and efficient wind Considerable effort has been made to develop a turbine.   Generally, wind turbines include a rotor having a plurality of blades. The rotor is Install horizontally in a housing positioned on a truss or monotube tower. Attached. Turbine blades convert wind power into rotational power, which One or more generators rotatably coupled to the rotor through a gearbox. The electric machine is driven. The gearbox is basically low in the turbine rotor for the generator. Increase the rotational speed and transfer mechanical energy to the utility grid. Necessary for efficient conversion to air energy.   Many conventional wind turbines use the U.S. standard for ac power, 60 s / s. It rotates at a constant speed to generate electricity at a cycle (60 Hz). Continuous wind speed As such, such wind turbines have a system that maintains a constant rotor speed. Must have a stem. In one such system, the wind speed increased Sometimes blade pitch is increased and blade pitch is reduced when wind speed decreases The rotor speed is kept constant by reducing it.   Some turbines are variable by adjusting the output using a power converter Works at speed. When the speed of the turbine rotor fluctuates, the alternating current flowing from the generator The frequency of the current also varies. Positioning between generator and utility grid The converted power converter converts the variable frequency AC current to DC current and outputs 60 cycles per second. To an alternating current having a constant frequency.   Wind turbines must be robust and reliable. Turbine gear Because the box is expensive, heavy and subject to maintenance, It is desirable to eliminate the gearbox by connecting directly to the bin rotor. straight The advantages associated with dynamic wind turbines are increased reliability, lower costs, and lower weight. Slightly quieter, more efficient, and has no torque limit.   However, conventional generators are efficient at low rotor speeds of 30 to 50 rpm. The turbine rotor can be directly connected to the generator. Has a problem. One machine that can be used as a generator at low rotor speeds is Weh, H. May, H .; Shalaby, M .; By "Highly Effecti" ve Magnetic Circuits for Permanent M agnet Excited Synchronous Machines "P rc. ICEM 1990, Volume 3, Pages 1040-1045 It is shown.   The transverse magnetic flux (TF) machine shown in FIG. 1 has an annular rotor 2 (only the portion shown). , A fixed outer armature winding 4, a fixed inner armature winding 6, and a plurality of outer stators. Core flux guide 8 and a plurality of inner stator core flux guides And a key 10. The annular rotor 2 comprises a first array 12 of permanent magnets and a permanent magnet And a second array 14. The ring 16 is made of a non-magnetic material such as a fiber reinforced resin. Thus, it is sandwiched between two permanent magnet arrays. The annular rotor 2 has a permanent magnet 12 made of iron. So that the permanent magnets 14 are arranged alternately with the iron elements 20, alternating with the elements 18. It is composed of   Although TF machines can operate at low rotor speeds, they have some significant deficiencies. Ingredient Physically, TF machines are susceptible to significant slot flux leakage, which results in poor performance. to be influenced. To understand the nature of this problem, it is useful to consider the relationship You. P≡Γω Where P = machine power rating         Γ = torque         ω = rotor angular velocity   From the above relationship, to achieve high power rating (P) at low angular velocity (ω), Thus, it is clear that the generated torque (Γ) should be maximized. General In the art, in order to obtain high torque, the maximum It is known that the current in the slave windings 4 and 6 needs to be increased. Heat generation To support the additional current in windings 4 and 6 without inadequate energy loss caused by To be ported, the cross-sectional area of armature windings 4 and 6 must be increased.   Further, generally in the art, the torque generated by a machine is Squared (or cubed, or any other power greater than 1) times the machine length It is known that it is proportional to the value. In other words, the following equation holds. Γ = κd^TwoL   Γ = torque   k = constant   L = machine active material length   d = active material diameter of the machine   The above relationship shows that when achieving high torque in a small package, the optimal solution is It indicates increasing the diameter rather than the length of the machine. Shown in FIG. In the prior art system described above, the diameter of the TF machine was increased and the length was kept constant. A stator core flux module including armature windings 4 and 6, respectively. Only the slot depth D of the armature windings 8 and 10 The area can be maximized (because the depth D is a function of the diameter of the machine) On the other hand, the slot width W of the stator core flux guides 8 and 10 (machine Length function) must remain the same.   FIG. 2 shows the cross-sectional area of the slot air gap as the slot depth D increases. A_aAnd the flux in the steel of the outer stator core flux guide 8, for example. Path L_sThe length of the outer stator core flux Cross section A of id 8_sAnd the flux path L in the slot air gap_aLength of Remains constant. The magnetic resistance (resistance given to the magnetic flux from the magnetic circuit) is L / μA, so (In the above formula, μ = permeability of medium L = magnetic flux path length A = cross-sectional area of the medium)   From FIG. 2, it can be seen that as the slot depth D increases, the outer stator core flux The reluctance in the steel of the guide 8 is increased, while the slot air gap It is clear that the reluctance in the tip is reduced. Therefore, the slot depth Increasing D increases flux leakage, so that flux leakage is reduced by the outer stator core. Route L in the flux guide 8_sInstead of following the path L_aAlong the slot Through the air gap. Route L_sInstead of following the path L_aalong The magnetic flux leaking from the slot air gap is distributed in the slot air gap. Link all the coils of a placed winding (eg, winding 4 in FIG. 1) And therefore does not participate in generating the rated torque of the machine, and Rating decreases.   Another disadvantage of TF machines is that the two stators (ie, the outer stator core flange) Flux guide 8 and inner stator core flux guide 10) The outer armature winding 4 and the inner armature winding 6 (FIG. 1) The reluctances are different, which creates an electromagnetic imbalance between the two phases. TF The cause of the machine's electromagnetic imbalance can be identified with respect to FIG. Air gap 23 and defined by outer stator core flux guides 8 alternating with one another. The outer volume 22 comprises an inner stator core alternating with air gaps 25. Is greater than the inner volume 24 defined by the flux guide 10; Both volumes Same number of same stator core flux guides 22 and 24 made of steel But since the outer volume 22 is physically larger than the inner volume 24, the outer volume 2 The ratio of steel to air in 2 is less than the same ratio in inner volume 24. Therefore, outside The side volume 22 has a higher magnetic flux resistance than the inner volume 24, and The magnetic force between the two phases of the armature winding 4 and the inner armature winding 6 (not shown in FIG. 3) Imbalance occurs. Contributes to heat loss due to magnetic imbalance between the two phases of the TF machine Circulating currents, bearing currents that cause rotor bearing failure, and uneven load on the rotor Therefore, the difficulty of mechanical and electrical design of the machine is increased.   Further, the annular rotor 2, the outer stator core flux guide 8 and the inner stator As shown in FIG. 4, a small stator core flux guide 10 is provided. Maintaining the small air gaps 26 and 28 depends on the dimensions of these components. (The number of poles in the machine and hence the size Is desirable because it improves the performance of the machine at low rotor speeds) Manufacturing has proven to be a cumbersome task (in general, in the art, For maximum power and efficiency, the moving and stationary components of the electric machine must be It is known that the air gap between them must be minimized). Ma The TF machine is equipped with a fixed outer stator core flux guide 8 and an annular low The concentric orientation of the rotor 2 increases due to the radial expansion of the annular rotor 2 as the rotor speed increases. Until the annular rotor 2 hits the outer stator core flux guide 8. A Gap 26 gradually decreases, causing catastrophic failure of TF aircraft Such an orientation is not suitable for high-speed operation.   Further, the outer stator core flux guide 8 and the inner stator core A complex fixed assembly having a flux guide 10 and armature windings 4 and 6 TF machines are relatively expensive because it is difficult to produce assemblies. TF machine for winding Large amounts of copper are used, which further increases manufacturing costs. Has thickness T (Fig. 4) Since only the armature windings 4 and 6 segments are used for torque generation (winding Copper in the windings is ineffective because only those segments of Used at a rate. The function of the remaining segments with thickness G (G> T) is simply Complete the electrical circuit.   The TF machine has no access to the inner part, so the inner stator It is difficult to remove the heat generated by the core flux guide 10, Therefore, there is a defect that the efficiency is reduced and the power output is reduced.                                Summary of the Invention   Thus, eliminating the aforementioned disadvantages, for example minimizing slot flux leakage , It has an electromagnetically balanced winding phase, is easy and inexpensive to manufacture, and operates at low speed and high speed. Small and efficient double salient magnet power generation that is capable of both It is desirable to provide a machine.   Magnet generators can achieve high power density at low angular speeds and accommodate a large number of poles. Simple, support structure using conventional winding design with low inductance winding It is desirable to have   Other advantages of the present invention will become apparent after reviewing the following description and accompanying drawings. Would.   In one embodiment, the double salient magnet generator of the present invention comprises a pair of coaxial and sideways And a rotor mounted between the stator and the stator. The rotor is made of steel And a plurality of permanent magnets alternately arranged with electromagnetic salient poles. Each stator is It has a plurality of salient poles oriented in the longitudinal direction. The stator pole supports multiple copper coils. So that a single coil is wound around each stator pole. Multiple coils Each is linked in series, thus forming a two-phase winding.                             BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES   The invention is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings.   FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a conventional transverse magnetic flux (TF) machine.   FIG. 2 is a stator core flux guide of the prior art TF machine of FIG. It is a perspective view of.   FIG. 3 is a side view of the prior art TF machine shown in FIG.   FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the conventional TF machine shown in FIG.   FIG. 5 shows a double salient pole axial flux permanent magnet (DSAF) constructed according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of main components of the (PM) machine.   FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the rotor of the DSAFPM machine shown in FIG.   FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a technique for manufacturing the stator shown in FIG.   FIG. 8 is a perspective and partial sectional view of a DSAFPM machine constructed according to the present invention. You.   FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a coil of the DSAFPM machine of FIG.   FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the coil of FIG. 8 having coil ends of different lengths; FIG.   FIG. 11 shows the DSAFPM machine coupled to the wind turbine rotor, FIG. Transformer Topolo suitable for connecting DSAFPM machine to utility grid It is a schematic diagram showing Gee.   FIG. 12 is a detailed schematic diagram of the converter topology of FIG.   FIG. 13 is an electric circuit equivalent of the DSAFPM machine of FIG.   FIG. 14 is a profile showing the torque generation of the DSAFPM machine of FIG. 8 at normal speed. It is.   FIG. 15 is a plot showing the torque generation of the DSAFPM machine of FIG. 8 at high speed. is there.   FIG. 16 is a sectional view of the DSAFPM machine of FIG.   FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a modification of the magnetic flux distribution of the DSAFPM machine of FIG.   FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a modification of the magnetic flux distribution of the DSAFPM machine shown in FIG.   FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a modification of the magnetic flux distribution of the DSAFPM machine shown in FIG.   FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a modification of the magnetic flux distribution of the DSAFPM machine shown in FIG.   FIG. 21 is a view showing a modification of the magnetic flux distribution of the DSAFPM machine shown in FIG.   FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a modification of the magnetic flux distribution of the DSAFPM machine shown in FIG.   FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a modification of the magnetic flux distribution of the DSAFPM machine shown in FIG.   FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a modification of the magnetic flux distribution of the DSAFPM machine shown in FIG.   FIG. 25 shows a modification of the magnetic flux distribution of the DSAFPM machine shown in FIGS. 17 to 24. 7 is a plot of a corresponding flux link.   FIG. 26 shows a modification of the magnetic flux distribution of the DSAFPM machine shown in FIGS. 17 to 24. 7 is a plot of a corresponding flux link.   FIG. 27 shows that each stator includes a phase A winding coil and a phase B winding coil 1 is a schematic diagram showing a double salient pole axial magnetic flux magnet generator.   FIG. 28 is a sectional view of a double salient pole axial flux magnet generator having a double rotor configuration. It is.   FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram illustrating several different rotor orientations of the machine of FIG. You.   FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram illustrating several different rotor orientations of the machine of FIG. 28. You.   FIG. 31 is a sectional view of a double salient pole axial magnetic flux generator according to the present invention.   For the sake of illustration, these figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. all In the figures, the same components are designated by the same reference numerals.                             Detailed description of the invention   To provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention, specific descriptions are provided throughout the following description. Will be described in detail. However, the present invention may be practiced without such details. it can. In other instances, well known requirements have been used to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. The elements are not shown or described. Therefore, the description and drawings Should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.   FIG. 5 shows the main components of a double salient pole axial flux magnet generator according to the present invention. You. The machine comprises a first stator 100, each having an annular shape, and a low stator. And a second stator 104. The stators 100 and 104 , Has the same outer diameter d as the outer diameter of the rotor 102.   The rotor 102 has a plurality of longitudinal orientations such as rare earth permanent magnets and ferrite permanent magnets. Including a permanent magnet 106. Permanent magnets 106 are equally spaced around rotor 102 Made of a magnetically permeable material, for example, laminated steel, Are alternately arranged with the plurality of rotor electromagnetic salient poles 108. Each permanent magnet 106 has a radius The direction dimension t and the angle dimension θm are defined. The permanent magnet 106 is closer to the magnetic flux line 107 The rotor poles 108 are similarly poled on both sides of the rotor as shown in FIG. As in the horizontal direction.   The stator 100 (FIG. 5) includes a plurality of stator salient poles 11 oriented in the longitudinal direction. 0 and back iron 111. The stator 104 is oriented in the longitudinal direction. A plurality of salient stator poles 112 and a back iron 113. Stay Poles 110 and 112 are equal around the respective stators 100 and 104 Placed at intervals. Each stator has several equal to several rotor poles 108 Stator poles. Each stator pole defines a radial dimension t and an angular dimension θs. Set.   Each of the stators 100 and 104 comprises a plurality of discrete laminated steel layers, as shown in FIG. Rolled and punched steel laminated ribbons as shown in Can be.   FIG. 8 is a perspective sectional view of a double salient pole axial flux magnet generator according to the present invention. The rotor 102 of the machine is rigidly mounted on the main shaft 114 and Shaft 114 may be directly connected to a wind turbine rotor (not shown). The main shaft 114 has a cylindrical housing having end faces 118 and 120 It is supported in 116. The shaft 114 has end faces 118 and 1 respectively. 20 rotates in bearings 122 and 124 mounted centrally.   The back iron 111 of the stator 100 is rigidly attached to the inner surface of the end face 118. In contrast, the back iron 113 of the stator 104 is Rigidly attached to the inner surface. Position the stators 100 and 104 as such. Heat generated in the stator by eddy and coil currents Efficiently to the housing 116 by conduction and then to the surrounding atmosphere by convection Can be dissipated.   The stators 100 and 104 are such that the stator poles 112 are completely When aligned, stator poles 110 are fully aligned with rotor poles 108, and vice versa. Oriented to be similar. Stator pole 110 supports copper coil 126 and Theta poles 112 support the copper coils 128 and therefore around the perimeter of each stator pole. Is provided with one coil. Coils 126 and 128 have conventional shapes and By design, it is therefore inexpensive and easily manufactured, and the stator poles 110 and And 112 in the slot defined.   As shown in FIG. 9, the coil 128 includes a coil end E and a conductor C. . The length of the coil end E (not involved in torque generation) is smaller than the length of the conductor C. Please. With such a configuration of coils 126 and 128, the (Inductance is a characteristic of an electric circuit, and The variable current in the electrical circuit creates a variable magnetic field, which The Voltage is induced in or near the circuit). This means that the current is This is advantageous for converter feeders, which are controlled by an applied pulse width modulation voltage. This The advantage of this is that due to the low inductance winding, the current No, closely follows the applied or generated voltage, enabling fast dynamic current control Because it becomes. Furthermore, since the coil end E is small, the copper in the winding can be used efficiently. And the cost of the machine is further reduced. The coils 126 and 128 Le end E₁And E_TwoHave the configuration shown in FIG. 10 having different lengths. You can also.   As shown in FIG. 11, the coils 126 are connected in series, and the phase A winding 133 Constitute. The coil 128 is also connected in series to form the phase B winding 135. Phase A Winding 133 and phase B winding 135 are coupled to current-to-electronic converter 129. Current The electronic converter 129 is a William L.A. US Patent No. 5,225 to Erdman 712 and a three-phase DC / AC inverter 134 as described in US Pat. And a bipolar two-phase inverter 136 for controlling the magnitude of the current in both directions. I can. The current flows from the wind turbine rotor 235 to the wind turbine rotor 235 itself. Generated when rotating a shaft 114 rigidly connected to the body. Invar 134 is electrically coupled to the utility grid 137 and the inverter 1 36 is electrically coupled to phase A winding 133 and phase B winding 135. Inva Data 134 and inverter 136 are interconnected by a DC link 138. Strange The converter 129 adjusts the phase current through the pulse width modulation voltage waveform. In addition, Exchanger 129 allows the machine to operate as either a motor or a generator, And maintain a constant voltage and constant frequency connection with the utility grid. Enables variable voltage variable frequency operation.   FIG. 12 shows a plurality of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). A switch 137, a plurality of freewheeling diodes 139, and a voltage source 1 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an inverter 136 including a battery 40, for example, a battery.   Double salient pole magnet flux magnet developed based on FEM (Finite Element Modeling) Use a linear model of the electric machine to study machine performance and explore possible control strategies Can be The assumptions for this linear model are: (1) Variation in inductance (2) The inductance is independent of the current level. That is. The double salient pole axial flux magnet generator shown in FIG. An electric circuit equivalent to the linear model is derived as follows. In the above formula,   u_a= Terminal voltage of phase A   U_b= Phase B terminal voltage   i_a= Phase A phase current   i_b= Phase B phase current   r_a= Phase A resistance   r_b= Phase B resistance   λ_a= Phase A armature reaction flux link   λ_b= Phase B armature reaction flux link   Further, the following equation is established. In the above formula,   Ψ_ma= Permanent magnet flux linked by phase A   Ψ_mb= Permanent magnet flux linked by phase B   Further, the following equation is established. λ_a= L_aa× i_a+ M_ba× i_b λ_b= M_ab× i_a+ L_bb× i_b In the above formula,   M_ab= Mutual inductance between phase A and phase B (linked by phase B Value obtained by dividing the applied magnetic flux by the excitation current of phase A)   M_ba= Mutual inductance between phase A and phase B (linked by phase A Value obtained by dividing the applied magnetic flux by the phase B excitation current)   From the above, the following equation holds. In the above formula,   q_r= Mechanical rotor rotation   w_r= Rotor angular velocity This set of equations is schematically represented in FIG. 13, where FIG. Is applied.   e_ma= Induced voltage of phase A generated by permanent magnet magnetic flux fluctuation   e_mb= Induction voltage of phase B generated by permanent magnet magnetic flux fluctuation   e_ra= Relaxation of phase A generated by variation of self inductance of phase A Closed voltage   e_rb= Phase B relaxation generated by variation of phase B self inductance Closed voltage   e_rma= Generated by the variation of the mutual inductance between phase A and phase B Phase A reluctance voltage   e_rmb= Generated by the variation of the mutual inductance between phase A and phase B Phase B reluctance voltage   L_aa= Self inductance of phase A   L_bb= Self inductance of phase B   M_ab= Mutual inductance between phase A and phase B The torque is given by: e_ma× i_a+ E_mb× i_b= Ω_r(T_ma+ T_mb) In the above formula, T_ma= I_a× dΨ_ma/ Dθ_r= Mechanical torque generated by phase A T_mb= I_b× dΨ_mb/ Dθ_r= Mechanical torque generated by phase B   Under normal operating conditions, the self-reluctance torque of phase A and phase B is , Cancel each other out as shown in FIG. Zero mutual reluctance torque Has an average value. Results of the double air gap structure of a double salient pole axial flux magnet generator Because the variation in mutual inductance is relatively small, the peak reluctance The torque is small. As a result, the torque generation is very smooth.   Use self-reluctance torque when machine speed is higher than rated However, by using the control scheme shown in FIG. Current loss can be compensated for. Therefore, a double salient pole axial flux magnet The generator can operate at higher speeds than known magnet generators. Fast but also mutual Reluctance still contributes to zero average torque.   The nonlinear model of a double salient axial flux magnet generator is λ_aAnd λ_bIs as follows Can be obtained as defined in λ_a= F (θ_r, I_a, I_b) λ_b= F (θ_r, I_a, I_b)   Since the stator 100 and the stator 104 have the same shape, the phase A winding and the phase The reluctance appearing in the B winding is equal and an electromagnetic balance is established between the two phases. The theory of the electromagnetic balance of the two phases is that circulating currents, bearing currents, and uneven loads on the rotor And thus increase the efficiency and reliability of the machine. is there.   As shown in FIG. 16, between the rotor 102 and the pole 110 of the stator 100, There is an air gap 130 (outline is shown in dotted lines). Similarly, the rotor Air having the same width as the air gap 130 between the air gap 102 and the stator pole 112 A gap 132 exists. Air gap between rotor and stator of electric machine It is widely known that minimizing increases current and efficiency. Stay Depending on the axial configuration of the rotor 100, the rotor 102, and the stator 104. 2 and regardless of the dimensions of the stators 100 and 104, 130 and 132 are possible, and therefore the manufacturing cost of physically large machines Is reduced. Such machines can accommodate a large number of poles and have low rotor speeds Can have high power in degrees. Also, due to the axial configuration described above, the rotor 1 02 radially expands air gaps 130 and 132 at high rotor speeds. And the smooth shape of the rotor 102 causes the High speed operation coupled with reduced age (loss due to air friction) Additional advantages are provided.   Further, in order to generate high torque, the slot depth D_sNot coil 12 Width W of 6 and 128_cIncrease, the double salient pole axial flux magnet generator slot Flux leakage is minimized. As discussed in detail in the following sections of this specification, Slot depth D_sMinimize slot flux leakage.   The operation of the above-described embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Low When the stator pole 108 is completely aligned with the stator pole 110, the permanent magnet 106 is completely switched. It is aligned with the data pole 112 (FIG. 17). Low (corresponding to 0 ° of rotor rotation) In the orientation of the rotor 102, all flux links 1 generated by the permanent magnet 106 27 is linked to the phase A winding of stator 100 (not shown in FIG. 17). In that example, it is linked to the phase B winding of stator 104 (not shown in FIG. 17). There is no magnetic flux.   When the rotor 102 is rotated by 22.5 ° (FIG. 18), the poles 110 and 11 2 are partially aligned with the poles 108 of the rotor 102, The magnetic flux link 127 generated as described above is equalized between the stator 100 and the stator 104. Etc. In this example, it is linked to a phase A winding (not shown in FIG. 18). Is equal to the flux linked to the phase B winding (not shown in FIG. 18). .   At 45 ° (FIG. 19), the rotor 102 is 06 and the stator poles 112 are positioned so as to be aligned with the rotor poles 108. You. With this orientation of the rotor 102, all of the A flux link 127 is connected to the phase B winding of stator 104 (not shown in FIG. 19). Linked.   Rotation of the rotor 102 is 67.5 °, 90 °, 112.5 °, 135 °, 157 . The magnetic flux distribution at 5 ° is shown in FIG. 20, FIG. 21, FIG. This is shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. Phase A winding corresponding to 0 ° to 180 ° mechanical rotation 25 and FIG. 25, respectively. This is shown in FIG. Between phase A current and phase B current of double salient axial flux magnet generator Is 90 °.   Thus, eliminating the aforementioned disadvantages, for example minimizing slot flux leakage With electromagnetically balanced phase, easy and inexpensive to manufacture, low speed operation and high speed operation Provide a small and efficient magnet generator that is easy to remove heat It is.   Double salient axial flux magnet generators also achieve high power density at low angular speeds, The conventional winding design with a low induction winding that can accommodate Advantageously, a simple support structure can be provided.   Numerous other modifications of this device are possible, some of which are described herein. I will tell. For example, a double salient axial flux magnet generator has an even number of stages greater than two. Data poles. Further, stays (eg, of stator 100) The ratio between the rotor pole and the rotor pole need not be one to one. Depending on the dimensions of the machine, the following formula This ratio can be changed according to R = S + 2   S = number of stator poles   R = number of rotor poles Also, other suitable stator / rotor pole configurations are possible. For example, two steps Combination of the rotor poles with any other even number of rotor poles greater than 4, for example, 2 / 6, 2/8,..., 2/100, etc. Other combinations, For example, 4/8, 4/10, 4/12, 6/10, 6/12, 6/14, etc. Can also be given.   Further, the coils of the phase A winding and the coils of the phase B winding are each connected to the phase A coil. And a phase B coil. Figure 27 shows a 6-pole low Stator 150, a first two-piece stator 152, and a second two-piece stator. 2 schematically shows a double salient pole axial flux magnet generator having a magnetic field generator 156. Rotor 15 0 includes the permanent magnet 155 and the electromagnetic salient pole 157. Stator 152 has pole 15 1 and a phase B piece 162 having a pole 153. I can. The stator 156 includes a phase B piece 164 having a pole 154 and a pole 158. And a phase A piece 168. The poles of phase A pieces 160 and 168 are , Supporting a coil 170 with a phase A winding linked in series. Phase B piece The poles of 162 and 164 are connected in series with a coil 172 with a phase B winding. I support. In FIG. 27, the rotor 150 with respect to the stators 152 and 156 is shown. The orientation is such that all flux links 127 created by the permanent magnets 155 have phase A The orientation is such that it is linked to the coil 170 of the winding. Topology of this embodiment In another embodiment, the number of rotor poles R is an integer multiple of 10, for which The number of stator poles S is calculated according to the formula S = R (4/5).   FIG. 28 shows an embodiment of a double salient pole axial flux magnet generator having a double rotor configuration. State. This machine has a first stator 200 and an annular shape, respectively. , A first rotor 202, a second stator 204, a second rotor 206, And three stators 208. The stators 200, 204, 208 are respectively Back irons 210, 212, 214 are included. The stator 200 is in the longitudinal direction The stator 208 has a plurality of stator salient poles 216 oriented in It has a plurality of salient stator poles 218 that are oriented. Poles 216 and 218 It is arranged at equal intervals around each of the stators 200 and 208. Stator 20 4 are two juxtaposed and longitudinally arranged salient poles 220 (a) and 22 0 (b) and poles 220 (a) and 220 (b) They are arranged at equal intervals.   The plurality of copper wires 222, 224 (a) and (b), 226 And 226 have a phase A winding, and coils 224 (a) and (b) have a phase B winding. Linked to provide. The individual coils 222 and 226 are 6 and 218. The individual coils 224 (a) and (b) It is arranged around the stator poles 220 (a) and (b).   FIG. 29 shows that rotors 202 and 206 are each made of, for example, laminated steel. A plurality of rotor electromagnetic salient poles 207 and 209, respectively, It is shown to be composed of a plurality of permanent magnets 203 and 205 oriented in the longitudinal direction. You. Gap G₁, G_Two, G_Three, G_FourAre the stator 200, the rotor 202, and the rotor 2 02 and the stator 204, the stator 204 and the rotor 206, and the rotor 206 and the stay Is separated.   As shown in FIG. 28, rotors 202 and 206 are, for example, screw type Rigid mounting on rotor support 228 with fasteners 230 and 231 Can be The rotor support 228 is, for example, welded (not shown), Fixed to the in-shaft 232. The shaft 232 has an end face 236 and Rotatably supported in a housing 234 having And can be directly connected to the bin rotor 235. Stator 200 and 208 236, respectively, using screw fasteners 242 and 244, respectively. And 238 are rigidly attached. The stator 204 is, for example, a screw type It is rigidly attached to the cylindrical body 240 using a fastener 246.   When the number of stator poles is equal to the number of rotor poles (FIG. 29), the stator 200, 204, 208 are such that poles 207 and 209 are completely When aligned, the permanent magnet 203 is completely aligned with the pole 216 and the permanent magnet 205 is It is oriented so as to be completely aligned with the pole 218. This of rotors 202 and 206 In the orientation, the flux link 127 created by the permanent magnets 203 and 205 is Phase B windings 224 (a) and (b) (not shown in FIG. 28) Clicked. Similarly, each of the permanent magnets 203 and 205 is completely When aligned (FIG. 30), poles 207 and 209 are each fully pole 216 and pole 216, respectively. And 218. In this orientation of the rotors 202 and 206, the permanent magnet 2 03 and 205 is a phase A winding coil 2 22 and 226 (not shown in FIG. 30).   Double salient axial flux magnet generators are not limited to single rotor or double rotor configurations. No. Has three or more rotors and different rotor pole / stator pole ratios Modifications are also possible.   In addition, a radial flux version of the double salient magnet generator shown in FIG. It can also be applied. Such a machine is concentric with the outer stator 300 An oriented outer stator 300 and inner stator 302 are provided. Stator 30 0 includes a plurality of salient poles 304 oriented inward and radially oriented and arranged at equal intervals. No. A plurality of conductors 306 are wound around pole 304 and connected in series, With windings. Stator 302 is oriented outward and radially oriented and equidistantly arranged The plurality of salient poles 308 are included. A plurality of conductors 310 are wound around pole 308 , And a B-phase winding connected in series. The stators 300 and 302 It has back irons 312 and 314, respectively.   The concentric rotor 316 is disposed between the outer stator 300 and the inner stator 302. Is done. The rotor 316 includes, for example, an equal number of rotor electromagnetic projections made of laminated steel. It comprises a plurality of permanent magnets 318, alternating with the poles 320. The permanent magnet Are equally spaced around the data 316 by a number equal to the poles 304 and 308. The rotor 316 may be directly connected to a wind turbine rotor (not shown). The principle of operation of this embodiment of the present invention is based on the aforementioned dual salient axial flux magnet generator. Same as the principle.   As in the case of the axial magnetic flux of the present invention, the relationship between the number of rotor poles and the number of stator poles Can be changed. Furthermore, one of the stator coils has an A-phase winding. The coils of this machine are connected together so that the coils of the other stator have B-phase windings. Need not be connected.   The above configuration of the double salient magnet generator has been given by way of example only. But It is intended, therefore, that the scope of the invention is not the examples given, but the appended claims and their equivalents Should be determined by

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI H02K 21/22 H02K 21/22 A 21/24 21/24 G (81) Designated country EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK) , ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE), OA (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, ML, MR, NE) , SN, TD, TG), AP (KE, LS, MW, SD, SZ, UG), UA (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AL, AM, AT , AT, AU, AZ, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CZ, CZ, DE, DE, DK, DK, EE, EE, ES, FI, FI, GB, GE, HU, IS , JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SK, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA, UG, UZ, VN (72) Inventor Li, You United States 53705 Wisconsin Madison Eagle Heights 946 Apartment Day

Claims (1)

[Claims]   1. A double salient magnet generator,   At least two stators fixed coaxially to each other;   At least one rotor inserted between the at least two stators;   A two-phase winding supported by the at least two stators; A double salient magnet generator comprising:   2. The at least two stators each include a plurality of stator salient poles, 2. The double salient magnet generator according to claim 1, wherein the generator has a symmetry axis. .   3. The stator salient pole is formed in a longitudinal direction with respect to the axis of symmetry. The double salient magnet generator according to claim 2, characterized in that:   4. It is characterized in that the stator salient poles are formed in a radial direction with respect to the symmetry axis. The double salient magnet generator according to claim 2, characterized in that:   5. The at least one rotor includes a plurality of permanent magnets. 2. The double salient magnet generator according to claim 1.   6. The permanent magnet alternates with a rotor electromagnetic salient pole made of a magnetically permeable material. The double salient magnet generator according to claim 5, wherein the generator is arranged.   7. The rotor salient poles each have a first side and a second side, The magnet is polarized such that the first side has the same magnetic polarization as the second side. 7. The double salient magnet generator according to claim 6, wherein:   8. The two-phase winding includes a first plurality of coils and a second plurality of coils. The double salient-pole magnet generator according to claim 1, characterized in that:   9. A double salient pole axial flux magnet generator,   At least two stators arranged coaxially and laterally with respect to each other;   At least one rotor inserted between the at least two stators;   A first phase and a second phase, supported by the at least two stators. With windings A double salient pole axial magnetic flux magnet generator comprising:   10. The at least two stators are each symmetric with a plurality of stator salient poles 10. The double salient pole axial magnetic flux according to claim 9, wherein the magnetic flux has an axis. Stone generator.   11. The stator salient poles are equally spaced around the at least two stators. Claims characterized by being arranged and formed longitudinally with respect to said axis of symmetry. Item 10. A double salient pole axial flux magnet generator according to Item 10.   12. The at least one rotor is arranged around the at least one rotor A plurality of rotor salient poles, which are arranged at equal intervals and are made of a magnetically permeable material, A plurality of permanent magnets inserted, wherein each of the rotor electromagnetic salient poles has a first side and a second side; And the permanent magnet has a first side having the same magnetic polarization as the second side. The double salient pole axial direction according to claim 9, characterized in that the poles are polarized in such a manner as to be described above. Flux magnet generator.   13. Wherein the first phase comprises a first plurality of coils linked in series, The second phase comprises a second plurality of coils linked in series. The dual salient pole axial magnetic flux generator according to claim 9.   14． The first plurality of coils is driven by one of the at least two stators. And the second plurality of coils are mounted on the other of the at least two stators. 14. The double salient pole axial direction according to claim 13, wherein Flux magnet generator.   15. A double salient pole axial flux magnet generator,   Arranged coaxially and laterally with respect to each other, each with an axis of symmetry and Are equally spaced around each of the two stators and the axis of symmetry is And S stator salient poles formed in the longitudinal direction with respect to A number integer) at least two stators;   The at least one rotor inserted between the at least two stators; R rotor electrodes made of a magnetically permeable material uniformly spaced around At least one rotor including P permanent magnets alternating with magnetic salient poles and (P Is an even integer of 2 or more, and R is an integer equal to P),   A first phase comprising a first plurality of coils linked in series; A second phase comprising a second plurality of coils, the at least two With windings supported by the stator A double salient pole axial magnetic flux magnet generator comprising:   16. The double salient pole shaft according to claim 15, wherein R = S. Directional flux magnet generator.   17． The double collision according to claim 15, wherein R = S + 2. Polar axis magnetic flux generator.   18. R = S + X, and X is an even integer of 4 or more. Item 16. The double salient pole axial magnetic flux generator according to Item 15.   19. The first plurality of coils may include one of the at least two stators. And the second plurality of coils are wound around one of the stator salient poles and the at least Characterized by being wound around a salient pole of the other of the two stators The double salient pole axial magnetic flux generator according to claim 15.   20. The first plurality of coils includes both stators of the at least two stators. Wound around the data salient pole, the second plurality of coils also includes the at least two coils. Claims characterized in that the stator is wound around both stator salient poles Item 16. A double salient pole axial magnetic flux generator according to item 15.   21. R is a multiple of 10 and S = R (4/5). 21. The double salient pole axial flux magnet generator according to item 20.   22. The coil comprises copper; the magnetically permeable material comprises steel; 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein at least two stators comprise steel laminations. 3. A double salient pole magnet magnet generator according to claim 1.   23. A double salient pole axial flux magnet generator,   At least three stators arranged coaxially and laterally with respect to each other;   At least two rotors inserted between the at least three stators;   A first phase and a second phase, supported by the at least three stators. With windings A double salient pole axial magnetic flux magnet generator comprising:   24. The at least three stators include a first transverse stator, a second transverse stay And a central stator, each having S stator salient poles (S is 2 or more) The first phase comprises a first plurality of coils, and the second phase is A second plurality of coils, wherein the first plurality of coils are connected to a center stator coil. The second plurality of coils being wound around a salient pole of the first stator. And the second horizontal stator is wound around a salient pole of the stator. The dual salient pole axial magnetic flux generator according to claim 23.   25. The at least two rotors each have P permanent magnets (P is An even integer of 2 or more), wherein the permanent magnets are made of R pieces of magnetically permeable material. Characterized in that they are arranged alternately with magnetic poles (R is an integer equal to P). 25. The dual salient pole axial flux magnet generator according to item 24.   26. 26. The double salient pole shaft according to claim 25, wherein R = S. Directional flux magnet generator.   27. 26. The double collision according to claim 25, wherein R = S + 2. Polar axis magnetic flux generator.   28. R = S + X, and X is an even integer of 4 or more. Item 30. The double salient pole axial magnetic flux generator according to Item 25.   29. A double salient magnet generator for a direct drive wind turbine,   At least two stators disposed coaxially with respect to each other;   A rigidly connected wind turbine rotor inserted between the at least two stators. At least one rotor connected;   Supported by the at least two stators, and Two-phase winding electrically coupled to the utility grid A double salient magnet generator comprising:   30. The electronic transducer is electrically coupled to the utility grid And a two-phase inverter electrically coupled to the two-phase winding. The three-phase inverter is interconnected with the two-phase inverter by a DC link. 30. The double salient magnet generator according to claim 29, wherein: