JPH113715A - Gas diffusion electrode for fuel cell - Google Patents
Gas diffusion electrode for fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPH113715A JPH113715A JP9168131A JP16813197A JPH113715A JP H113715 A JPH113715 A JP H113715A JP 9168131 A JP9168131 A JP 9168131A JP 16813197 A JP16813197 A JP 16813197A JP H113715 A JPH113715 A JP H113715A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polyphosphazene
- catalyst
- gas diffusion
- electrode
- fuel cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、燃料電池用ガス拡
散電極に関するものである。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】燃料電池は、イオン導電体である電解質
の両側に２つの電極を備え、一方の電極に酸素や空気な
どの酸化ガス（酸化剤）を供給し、他方の電極に水素や
ハイドロカーボンなどの燃料（還元剤）を供給し、電気
化学反応を起こさせて電気を発生させる電池である。2. Description of the Related Art A fuel cell is provided with two electrodes on both sides of an electrolyte which is an ion conductor, supplies an oxidizing gas (oxidizing agent) such as oxygen or air to one electrode, and supplies hydrogen or hydrodynamic gas to the other electrode. A battery that supplies fuel (reducing agent) such as carbon and causes an electrochemical reaction to generate electricity.
【０００３】燃料電池は、使用する電解質によって、ア
ルカリ型・リン酸型・固体高分子型・溶融炭酸塩型・高
温固体電解質型などのいくつかの種類に分けられる。こ
れらの燃料電池の中で、常温で作動する主な燃料電池
は、アルカリ型と固体高分子型である。これらの常温作
動型燃料電池では、電極としては多孔性の金属あるいは
炭素からなる、ガス拡散電極が使用される。[0003] Fuel cells are classified into several types such as an alkaline type, a phosphoric acid type, a solid polymer type, a molten carbonate type and a high temperature solid electrolyte type, depending on the electrolyte used. Among these fuel cells, the main fuel cells operating at room temperature are an alkaline type and a solid polymer type. In these room temperature operation type fuel cells, a gas diffusion electrode made of a porous metal or carbon is used as an electrode.
【０００４】アルカリ型燃料電池においては、電解液と
してか性カリ水溶液を使用する。負極（水素電極）での
反応は、外部から供給された水素ガスが電極内の細孔に
ある触媒に吸着されて活性な水素原子となる。この水素
原子は、電解液中の水酸イオンと反応して水となり、２
個の電子が電極へ移動する。この電子は外部回路を通っ
て有効な仕事をして、正極に達する。正極（酸素電極）
での反応は、触媒の存在のもとで、酸素と水と２個の電
子から水酸イオンが生成する。この水酸イオンは電解液
中を移動して負極に達する。したがって、電池全体とし
ては、水素と酸素から水が生成する反応である。負極お
よび正極でこれらの反応が起こるためには、固相（電
極）と液相（電解液）と気相（ガス）の３相がお互いに
接触していることが必要であり、この部分を３相反応帯
という［吉沢四郎編「新しい電池」］。In an alkaline fuel cell, an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide is used as an electrolyte. In the reaction at the negative electrode (hydrogen electrode), the hydrogen gas supplied from the outside is adsorbed by the catalyst in the pores in the electrode to become active hydrogen atoms. This hydrogen atom reacts with hydroxyl ions in the electrolytic solution to form water,
The electrons move to the electrode. This electron does useful work through an external circuit and reaches the positive electrode. Positive electrode (oxygen electrode)
In the above reaction, hydroxyl ions are generated from oxygen, water and two electrons in the presence of a catalyst. The hydroxyl ions move in the electrolyte and reach the negative electrode. Therefore, the whole battery is a reaction in which water is generated from hydrogen and oxygen. In order for these reactions to take place at the negative electrode and the positive electrode, the solid phase (electrode), the liquid phase (electrolyte), and the gas phase (gas) must be in contact with each other. It is called a three-phase reaction zone [Shiro Yoshizawa, “New Battery”]
【０００５】固体高分子型燃料電池においては、電解質
としてイオン交換膜を使用する。イオン交換膜として
は、スルフォン酸基をもつポリスチレンやパーフルオロ
カーボンを使用する。これらのイオン交換膜は水で膨潤
させて使用するので、イオン交換膜を液相と考えれば、
アルカリ型燃料電池と同様に３相反応帯が必要となる。[0005] In a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, an ion exchange membrane is used as an electrolyte. As the ion exchange membrane, polystyrene or perfluorocarbon having a sulfonic acid group is used. Since these ion exchange membranes are used by being swollen with water, if the ion exchange membrane is considered as a liquid phase,
A three-phase reaction zone is required as in the case of the alkaline fuel cell.
【０００６】ガス拡散電極は、通常、導電剤としての金
属や炭素（粉末状あるいは繊維状）と触媒と撥水剤を、
適当な溶媒に溶解・分散させた溶液を、多孔質基体表面
に塗布や噴霧で取り付ける、という方法で作製される。[0006] The gas diffusion electrode usually comprises a metal and carbon (powder or fibrous) as a conductive agent, a catalyst and a water repellent,
It is produced by a method in which a solution dissolved and dispersed in an appropriate solvent is attached to the surface of a porous substrate by coating or spraying.
【０００７】ガス拡散電極を作製する際の撥水剤として
は、これまでパラフィンワックス、ポリエチレン、ポリ
スチレン等の使用が検討されてきたが、最近ではほとん
どの場合、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンが使用されてい
る［特開平８−２３６１２３］。As a water repellent for producing a gas diffusion electrode, use of paraffin wax, polyethylene, polystyrene, or the like has been considered so far, but recently, in most cases, polytetrafluoroethylene has been used. [JP-A-8-236123].
【０００８】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ポリテトラフルオロエ
チレンは、その繊維を分散させるために、界面活性剤な
どを使用して水溶液中に分散させた、いわゆるディスパ
ージョンの形で使用されるのが普通であった。したがっ
て、撥水剤としてポリテトラフルオロエチレンを使用し
て燃料電池用ガス拡散電極を作製する場合、電極中に界
面活性剤が残っていると、電池の特性に悪影響を与える
ため、界面活性剤を完全に除去する必要があり、そのた
めの工程が複雑で時間もかかるという問題があった。そ
こで、ディスパージョンポリテトラフルオロエチレンに
代わる材料が求められていた。Polytetrafluoroethylene is generally used in the form of a dispersion in which the fibers are dispersed in an aqueous solution using a surfactant or the like in order to disperse the fibers. Met. Therefore, when producing a gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell using polytetrafluoroethylene as a water repellent, if a surfactant is left in the electrode, it adversely affects the characteristics of the battery. There is a problem that it has to be completely removed, and the process for the removal is complicated and it takes time. Therefore, there has been a demand for a material replacing the dispersion polytetrafluoroethylene.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、燃料電池用ガ
ス拡散電極の撥水剤に、従来のポリテトラフルオロエチ
レンに代えて、ポリホスファゼンを使用することを特徴
とする。The present invention is characterized in that polyphosphazene is used in place of conventional polytetrafluoroethylene as a water repellent for a gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明になる燃料電池用ガス拡散
電極は、常温作動のアルカリ型あるいは固体高分子電解
質型燃料電池等に適している。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell according to the present invention is suitable for an alkali-type or solid polymer electrolyte-type fuel cell operating at room temperature.
【００１１】本発明になるガス拡散電極の基本構成は、
ポリホスファゼンで撥水処理をしたガス拡散性多孔性基
体の表面に触媒層を備えたもので、触媒層は貴金属触媒
粒子・カーボン粒子・撥水剤としてのポリホスファゼン
を含む。なお、固体高分子電解質型電池の場合には、固
体高分子電解質としてはパーフルオロカーボンスルフォ
ン酸系樹脂膜やスチレン−ジビニルベンゼン共重合体系
樹脂膜などの各種イオン交換樹脂膜を使用することがで
き、この場合には触媒層中に固体高分子電解質を混入す
ることが望ましい。The basic structure of the gas diffusion electrode according to the present invention is as follows.
A catalyst layer is provided on the surface of a gas-diffusing porous substrate that has been subjected to a water-repellent treatment with polyphosphazene. The catalyst layer contains noble metal catalyst particles, carbon particles, and polyphosphazene as a water-repellent. In the case of a solid polymer electrolyte battery, various ion exchange resin membranes such as a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid resin membrane and a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer resin membrane can be used as the solid polymer electrolyte. In this case, it is desirable to mix a solid polymer electrolyte in the catalyst layer.
【００１２】貴金属触媒としては、白金、白金合金、パ
ラジウム、パラジウム合金、その他燃料電池の電極に適
した触媒を使用することができ、白金ブラックのような
これら貴金属の微粉末あるいは貴金属を担持したカーボ
ン粉末を使用することができる。As the noble metal catalyst, platinum, a platinum alloy, palladium, a palladium alloy, and other catalysts suitable for electrodes of a fuel cell can be used, such as fine powder of such a noble metal such as platinum black or carbon supporting a noble metal. Powder can be used.
【００１３】ガス拡散性多孔性基体としては、カーボン
ペーパー、カーボンの成形体、カーボンの焼結体、焼結
金属、発泡金属などを撥水処理して使用することができ
る。As the gas-diffusing porous substrate, carbon paper, a molded carbon article, a sintered carbon article, a sintered metal, a foamed metal, or the like can be used after being subjected to a water-repellent treatment.
【００１４】本発明においては、撥水剤としてポリホス
ファゼンを使用する。ポリホスファゼンはＰ−Ｎ結合を
骨格とするポリマーで、ジクロロホスファゼン三量体
［（ＮＯＣｌ2 ）3 ］を加熱あるいは適当な触媒の存在
下で重合し、直鎖状のジクロロホスファゼンポリマー
［（ＮＯＣｌ2 ）n ］を得て、このポリマーと有機試薬
とを反応させて、Ｐに側鎖が結合した有機誘導体が得ら
れる。Ｐに結合している側鎖をいろいろ変化させること
によって、種々の機能を発現させることができる［梶原
鳴雪 高分子 ４２ ５６８（１９９３）］。また、ポ
リホスファゼンは、分子量によって液体から固体まで変
化する。さらに、ホスファゼン環を連鎖することによっ
て、連環状あるいは三次元ポリマーを得ることも可能で
ある［梶原鳴雪「概説無機高分子」］。In the present invention, polyphosphazene is used as a water repellent. Polyphosphazene is a polymer having a PN bond as a skeleton. A dichlorophosphazene trimer [(NOCl 2 ) 3 ] is polymerized by heating or in the presence of an appropriate catalyst to obtain a linear dichlorophosphazene polymer [(NOCl 2). ) N ], and the polymer is reacted with an organic reagent to obtain an organic derivative having a side chain bonded to P. Various functions can be expressed by variously changing the side chain bonded to P [Naruyuki Kajiwara Polymer 42 568 (1993)]. In addition, polyphosphazene changes from a liquid to a solid depending on the molecular weight. Further, by linking phosphazene rings, it is also possible to obtain an intercyclic or three-dimensional polymer [Naruyuki Kajiwara "Outlined inorganic polymer"].
【００１５】ポリホスファゼンの種類としては、Ｐに結
合している側鎖の種類によって、［−ＯＣＨ3 ］の場合
のポリアルコキシホスファゼン、［−ＯＰｈ］の場合の
ポリアリルホスファゼン、［−ＯＣＨ2 ＣＦ3 ］の場合
のポリフロロアルコキシホスファゼン、［−ＮＨＣ
Ｈ3 ］の場合のポリアミノホスファゼン、また、１，１
−ジアミノ−３，３，５，５−テトラキス（２，２，２
−トリフルオロエトキシ）シクロトリホスファゼン［Ｎ
3 Ｐ3 （ＮＨ2 ）2 （ＯＣＨ2 ＣＦ3 ）4 ］を加熱して
自縮合して得られる環状ポリマーなどがある。As the type of polyphosphazene, depending on the type of side chain bonded to P, polyalkoxyphosphazene in the case of [—OCH 3 ], polyallylphosphazene in the case of [—OPh], [—OCH 2 CF] 3 ] polyfluoroalkoxyphosphazene, [-NHC
H 3 ], polyaminophosphazene and 1,1
Diamino-3,3,5,5-tetrakis (2,2,2
-Trifluoroethoxy) cyclotriphosphazene [N
3 P 3 (NH 2 ) 2 (OCH 2 CF 3 ) 4 ], for example, and a cyclic polymer obtained by self-condensation.
【００１６】ポリホスファゼンは一般的に、水に溶け
ず、３００℃以下の温度で安定な難燃性ポリマーであ
り、撥水性をもち、固体でも可撓性をもつ。Polyphosphazene is generally a flame-retardant polymer that is insoluble in water and stable at a temperature of 300 ° C. or less, has water repellency, and has flexibility even when solid.
【００１７】本発明になる燃料電池用ガス拡散電極は次
の方法で作製される。ポリホスファゼンが低分子量の液
体の場合には、多孔性基体を、ポリホスファゼン単独あ
るいはテトラヒドロフラン（ＴＨＦ）のような適当な溶
媒に溶解したポリホスファゼン溶液の中に直接浸漬し
て、多孔性基体の表面にポリホスファゼンを取り付けて
撥水処理をし、さらにポリホスファゼンと白金ブラック
などの触媒粒子あるいは触媒を担持したカーボン粉末に
適当な溶媒を加えて均一に混合した触媒分散溶液を作製
し、この触媒分散溶液を撥水処理した多孔性基体の表面
に塗布あるいは噴霧によって取り付け、乾燥して溶媒を
除去してガス拡散電極を得る。なお、固体高分子電解質
型燃料電池用のガス拡散電極の場合には、反応点を三次
元化するために触媒分散溶液に高分子電解質を加えるこ
とが望ましい。ポリホスファゼンが高分子量の微粉末あ
るいは繊維状の場合には、これをテトラヒドロフラン
（ＴＨＦ）などの適当な溶媒中に入れて撹拌して分散さ
せておき、この溶液に白金ブラックなどの触媒粒子ある
いは触媒を担持したカーボン粉末や高分子電解質を加え
て、均一に混合して触媒分散溶液を作製する。The gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell according to the present invention is manufactured by the following method. If the polyphosphazene is a low molecular weight liquid, the porous substrate is immersed directly in the polyphosphazene alone or in a polyphosphazene solution dissolved in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) to form a surface of the porous substrate. A polyphosphazene is attached to the substrate to perform a water-repellent treatment, and a catalyst dispersion solution is prepared by uniformly adding a suitable solvent to polyphosphazene and catalyst particles such as platinum black or a carbon powder supporting a catalyst, and uniformly dispersing the catalyst. The solution is applied or sprayed on the surface of the water-repellent porous substrate and dried to remove the solvent to obtain a gas diffusion electrode. In the case of a gas diffusion electrode for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, it is desirable to add a polymer electrolyte to the catalyst dispersion solution in order to make the reaction points three-dimensional. When the polyphosphazene is in the form of fine powder or fibrous material having a high molecular weight, the polyphosphazene is placed in an appropriate solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and stirred and dispersed, and then the catalyst particles or catalyst such as platinum black are added to the solution. And a polymer electrolyte are added and uniformly mixed to prepare a catalyst dispersion solution.
【００１８】このような構成とすることにより、ガス拡
散層の内部に良好な三相反応帯が形成され、優れた特性
を示す燃料電池用ガス拡散電極を得ることができる。With such a structure, a good three-phase reaction zone is formed inside the gas diffusion layer, and a gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell having excellent characteristics can be obtained.
【００１９】[0019]
【実施例】本発明になる燃料電池用ガス拡散電極の製造
方法および構造を、好適な実施例を用いて詳述する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The manufacturing method and structure of a gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell according to the present invention will be described in detail using preferred embodiments.
【００２０】［実施例１］撥水剤として、室温で液体状
のポリジメトキシホスファゼン［ＮＰ（ＯＣＨ3 ）2 ］
を使用した、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池を作製した。
まず、空隙率７５％、厚み０．４０ｍｍのカーボンペー
パーを１０ｃｍ×１０ｃｍの大きさに切り、２−プロパ
ノールで洗浄、乾燥したものを、ポリジメトキシホスフ
ァゼンとＴＨＦの体積比１：９の混合溶液中に数秒間浸
漬し、取り出して自然乾燥し、撥水処理をしたカーボン
ペーパーを得た。カーボンペーパー１ｃｍ2 当たり０．
５ｍｇのポリジメトキシホスファゼンが取り付けられて
いる。Example 1 As a water repellent, polydimethoxyphosphazene [NP (OCH 3 ) 2 ] which is liquid at room temperature
Was used to produce a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
First, carbon paper having a porosity of 75% and a thickness of 0.40 mm was cut into a size of 10 cm × 10 cm, washed and dried with 2-propanol, and mixed in a mixed solution of polydimethoxyphosphazene and THF at a volume ratio of 1: 9. For several seconds, taken out and air-dried to obtain water-repellent carbon paper. 0 / cm 2 of carbon paper.
5 mg of polydimethoxyphosphazene is attached.
【００２１】次に、触媒分散溶液を作製した。まず、ス
テンレス製ビーカーに白金を１０重量％含む白金担持カ
ーボン触媒５ｇを入れ、水８０ｍｌを加えて撹拌し、さ
らに２−プロパノール８０ｍｌを加え、超音波を照射し
ながら撹拌機で１時間撹拌した。さらに、ポリジメトキ
シホスファゼンを１０重量％を含むＴＨＦ溶液を５ｍｌ
加え、撹拌機で１時間撹拌する。さらに市販のナフィオ
ン溶液（ナフィオン５重量％含む、アルドリッチケミカ
ル製）１０ｍｌ加え、超音波を照射しながら撹拌機で１
時間撹拌し、さらに２−プロパノール５０ｍｌを加え
て、超音波を照射しながら撹拌機で１時間撹拌して、触
媒分散溶液を得た。Next, a catalyst dispersion solution was prepared. First, 5 g of a platinum-supported carbon catalyst containing 10% by weight of platinum was placed in a stainless steel beaker, 80 ml of water was added and stirred, and 80 ml of 2-propanol was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour with a stirrer while irradiating ultrasonic waves. Further, 5 ml of a THF solution containing 10% by weight of polydimethoxyphosphazene was added.
In addition, stir for 1 hour with a stirrer. Further, 10 ml of a commercially available Nafion solution (containing 5% by weight of Nafion, manufactured by Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour while being irradiated with ultrasonic waves.
After stirring for 2 hours, 50 ml of 2-propanol was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour with a stirrer while irradiating ultrasonic waves to obtain a catalyst dispersion solution.
【００２２】撥水処理済みカーボンペーパーの片面に、
触媒分散溶液を塗布し、自然乾燥の後、再度塗布・自然
乾燥後、１１０℃で１時間乾燥して、片面に触媒層が取
り付けられた燃料電池用ガス拡散電極Ａ（本発明になる
電極）を得た。On one side of the water-repellent treated carbon paper,
The catalyst dispersion solution is applied, air-dried, then applied again, air-dried again, dried at 110 ° C. for 1 hour, and a gas diffusion electrode A for a fuel cell having a catalyst layer attached on one side (electrode according to the present invention) I got
【００２３】比較のために、撥水剤にディスパージョン
ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを使用した、従来の燃料電
池用ガス拡散電極Ｂも同様な方法で作製した。なお、電
極Ａ、電極Ｂとも、触媒層の厚みは約０．０５ｍｍ、電
極表面の白金担持量は０．３ｍｇ／ｃｍ3 とした。For comparison, a conventional gas diffusion electrode B for a fuel cell using dispersion polytetrafluoroethylene as a water repellent was prepared in the same manner. In each of the electrodes A and B, the thickness of the catalyst layer was about 0.05 mm, and the amount of platinum carried on the electrode surface was 0.3 mg / cm 3 .
【００２４】つぎに、本発明になる電極Ａと従来の電極
Ｂを使用し、それぞれ２枚の電極の間に固体高分子電解
質膜としてのナフィオン１１５膜を、電極の触媒を取り
付けた面がナフィオン膜側になるようにして挟み、１４
０℃、３分間ホットプレスして接合し、燃料電池用電極
／電解質接合体を作製した。そして、片方の電極に空気
を、他方の電極に水素を流して、燃料電池の特性を測定
した。図１はｉ−Ｖ曲線を示したもので、従来の方法で
作製した電極Ｂに比べ、本発明になる電極Ａの特性の方
がやや優れていた。Next, using the electrode A according to the present invention and the conventional electrode B, a Nafion 115 membrane as a solid polymer electrolyte membrane is interposed between two electrodes, respectively, and the surface of the electrode where the catalyst is attached is a Nafion 115 membrane. 14
Joining was performed by hot pressing at 0 ° C. for 3 minutes to produce a fuel cell electrode / electrolyte assembly. Then, air was supplied to one electrode and hydrogen was supplied to the other electrode, and the characteristics of the fuel cell were measured. FIG. 1 shows an iV curve, and the characteristics of the electrode A according to the present invention were slightly superior to those of the electrode B manufactured by the conventional method.
【００２５】［実施例２］撥水剤として、繊維状ポリフ
ロロアルコキシホスファゼン｛ＮＰ（ＯＣＨ2 ＣＨ3 ）
［ＯＣＨ2 （ＣＦ2 ）3 ＣＦ2 Ｈ］｝n を使用した、固
体高分子電解質型燃料電池を作製した。まず、実施例１
で使用したのと同じカーボンペーパーを、ポリフロロア
ルコキシホスファゼンをＴＨＦ中に分散した溶液中に数
秒間浸漬し、取り出して自然乾燥し、撥水処理をしたカ
ーボンペーパーを得た。カーボンペーパー１ｃｍ2 当た
り０．４ｍｇのポリフロロアルコキシホスファゼンが取
り付けられている。Example 2 As a water repellent, fibrous polyfluoroalkoxyphosphazene @ NP (OCH 2 CH 3 )
A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell using [OCH 2 (CF 2 ) 3 CF 2 H]｝ n was produced. First, Example 1
Was immersed in a solution of polyfluoroalkoxyphosphazene dispersed in THF for several seconds, taken out and air-dried to obtain a water-repellent carbon paper. 0.4 mg of polyfluoroalkoxyphosphazene is attached per cm 2 of carbon paper.
【００２６】次に、触媒分散溶液を作製した。まず、ス
テンレス製ビーカーに白金を１０重量％含む白金担持カ
ーボン触媒５ｇを入れ、水８０ｍｌを加えて撹拌し、さ
らに２−プロパノール８０ｍｌを加え、超音波を照射し
ながら撹拌機で１時間撹拌した。さらに、ポリフロロア
ルコキシホスファゼンを２重量％を含むＴＨＦ溶液を２
０ｍｌ加え、撹拌機で１時間撹拌する。さらに市販のナ
フィオン溶液（ナフィオン５重量％含む、アルドリッチ
ケミカル製）１０ｍｌ加え、超音波を照射しながら撹拌
機で１時間撹拌し、さらに２−プロパノール５０ｍｌを
加えて、超音波を照射しながら撹拌機で１時間撹拌し
て、触媒分散溶液を得た。Next, a catalyst dispersion solution was prepared. First, 5 g of a platinum-supported carbon catalyst containing 10% by weight of platinum was placed in a stainless steel beaker, 80 ml of water was added and stirred, and 80 ml of 2-propanol was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour with a stirrer while irradiating ultrasonic waves. Further, a THF solution containing 2% by weight of polyfluoroalkoxyphosphazene
Add 0 ml and stir for 1 hour with a stirrer. Further, 10 ml of a commercially available Nafion solution (containing 5% by weight of Nafion, manufactured by Aldrich Chemical) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour with a stirrer while irradiating ultrasonic waves. Further, 50 ml of 2-propanol was added, and the stirrer was irradiated with ultrasonic waves. For 1 hour to obtain a catalyst dispersion solution.
【００２７】撥水処理済みカーボンペーパーの片面に、
触媒分散溶液を塗布し、自然乾燥の後、再度塗布・自然
乾燥後、１１０℃で１時間乾燥して、片面に触媒層が取
り付けられた燃料電池用ガス拡散電極Ｃ（本発明になる
電極）を得た。この電極とナフィオン１１５とを実施例
１と同様の条件でホットプレスで接合し、燃料電池用電
極／電解質接合体を作製した。電極Ｃのｉ−Ｖ曲線は、
実施例１で示した電極Ａの特性とほぼ同じであった。On one side of the water-repellent treated carbon paper,
The catalyst dispersion solution is applied, air-dried, then applied again and air-dried again, dried at 110 ° C. for 1 hour, and a gas diffusion electrode C for a fuel cell having a catalyst layer attached on one side (electrode according to the present invention) I got This electrode and Nafion 115 were joined by hot pressing under the same conditions as in Example 1 to produce a fuel cell electrode / electrolyte assembly. The i-V curve of electrode C is
The characteristics were almost the same as those of the electrode A shown in Example 1.
【００２８】[0028]
【発明の効果】本発明になる、撥水剤にポリホスファゼ
ンを使用した燃料電池用ガス拡散電極は、ポリホスファ
ゼンの良好な撥水性のために、理想的な三相反応帯が形
成され、燃料電池の電極反応に適したものである。ま
た、ポリホスファゼンは、多孔性基体の撥水性付与や触
媒分散溶液に添加する場合、そのまま使用できるので、
ポリテトラフロオロエチレンの場合のように電極に取り
付けた後、界面活性剤を除去する必要がなく、電極作製
の工程が簡単になる。さらに、ポリホスファゼンは難燃
性であるため、ショートなどで電池の温度が上昇して
も、すぐに燃えることはなく、危険防止のためにも有効
である。According to the gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell using polyphosphazene as a water repellent according to the present invention, an ideal three-phase reaction zone is formed due to the good water repellency of polyphosphazene, It is suitable for an electrode reaction of a battery. In addition, polyphosphazene can be used as it is when it is added to the water repellency imparting of the porous substrate or the catalyst dispersion solution,
After attaching to the electrode as in the case of polytetrafluoroethylene, there is no need to remove the surfactant, and the process of preparing the electrode is simplified. Furthermore, since polyphosphazene is flame-retardant, it does not burn immediately even if the battery temperature rises due to a short circuit or the like, which is effective for preventing danger.
【００２９】なお、ポリホスファゼンの種類は、実施例
で述べた化合物以外にも、側鎖を変えることによって種
々の化合物が存在し、重合度もさまざまであるが、本発
明になるガス拡散電極にはそれらすべてが使用可能であ
ることはいうまでもない。また、実施例では、固体高分
子電解質型燃料電池についてのみ述べたが、本発明にな
るガス拡散電極は、アルカリ型などすべての常温作動型
燃料電池に対しても有効である。As for the type of polyphosphazene, in addition to the compounds described in the examples, various compounds exist by changing the side chains, and the degree of polymerization varies. It goes without saying that all of them can be used. Further, in the embodiments, only the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been described, but the gas diffusion electrode according to the present invention is also effective for all normal temperature operation type fuel cells such as an alkaline type.
【図１】本発明になるガス拡散電極Ａと従来のガス拡散
電極Ｂを使用した燃料電池の特性を比較した図。FIG. 1 is a diagram comparing characteristics of a fuel cell using a gas diffusion electrode A according to the present invention and a conventional gas diffusion electrode B.
Claims (5)
とを特徴とする、燃料電池用ガス拡散電極。1. A gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell, comprising polyphosphazene as a water repellent.
ファゼンであることを特徴とする、請求項１記載の燃料
電池用ガス拡散電極。2. The gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the polyphosphazene is a polyalkoxyphosphazene.
ゼンであることを特徴とする、請求項１記載の燃料電池
用ガス拡散電極。3. The gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the polyphosphazene is polyallylphosphazene.
シホスファゼンであることを特徴とする、請求項１記載
の燃料電池用ガス拡散電極。4. The gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the polyphosphazene is a polyfluoroalkoxyphosphazene.
ゼンであることを特徴とする、請求項１記載の燃料電池
用ガス拡散電極。5. The gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the polyphosphazene is polyaminophosphazene.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9168131A JPH113715A (en) | 1997-06-09 | 1997-06-09 | Gas diffusion electrode for fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9168131A JPH113715A (en) | 1997-06-09 | 1997-06-09 | Gas diffusion electrode for fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH113715A true JPH113715A (en) | 1999-01-06 |
Family
ID=15862419
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9168131A Pending JPH113715A (en) | 1997-06-09 | 1997-06-09 | Gas diffusion electrode for fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH113715A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007335338A (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2007-12-27 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for manufacturing electrode catalyst for fuel cell, electrode catalyst for fuel cell and polymer electrolyte fuel cell equipped with the same |
| US7378450B2 (en) | 2001-12-27 | 2008-05-27 | University Of Connecticut | Aerogel and metallic compositions |
| JP2008535181A (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2008-08-28 | トヨタ モーター エンジニアリング アンド マニュファクチャリング ノース アメリカ，インコーポレーテッド | Novel electrolyte for promoting oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in cathode layer of PEM fuel cell |
| JP2009104905A (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2009-05-14 | Equos Research Co Ltd | Paste for electrode of fuel cell, electrode, membrane electrode assembly, and method for manufacturing fuel cell system |
| JP2009231218A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2009-10-08 | Jsr Corp | Membrane electrode assembly for stationary or portable fuel cell, stationary or portable fuel cell, and resin paste for gas diffusion layer of stationary or portable fuel cell |
| JP2011100696A (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-19 | Equos Research Co Ltd | Device and method of manufacturing catalyst paste |
-
1997
- 1997-06-09 JP JP9168131A patent/JPH113715A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7378450B2 (en) | 2001-12-27 | 2008-05-27 | University Of Connecticut | Aerogel and metallic compositions |
| JP2008535181A (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2008-08-28 | トヨタ モーター エンジニアリング アンド マニュファクチャリング ノース アメリカ，インコーポレーテッド | Novel electrolyte for promoting oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in cathode layer of PEM fuel cell |
| JP2007335338A (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2007-12-27 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for manufacturing electrode catalyst for fuel cell, electrode catalyst for fuel cell and polymer electrolyte fuel cell equipped with the same |
| JP2009104905A (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2009-05-14 | Equos Research Co Ltd | Paste for electrode of fuel cell, electrode, membrane electrode assembly, and method for manufacturing fuel cell system |
| JP2009231218A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2009-10-08 | Jsr Corp | Membrane electrode assembly for stationary or portable fuel cell, stationary or portable fuel cell, and resin paste for gas diffusion layer of stationary or portable fuel cell |
| JP2011100696A (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-19 | Equos Research Co Ltd | Device and method of manufacturing catalyst paste |
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