JP7091143B2 - Release film and adhesive tape - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a release film and an adhesive tape.

Adhesive tapes used for bonding various members such as optical members and electronic members are usually composed of an adhesive layer and a release film attached to the adhesive surface of the adhesive layer in order to improve handleability. (For example, Patent Document 1). In such an adhesive tape, the release film is peeled off to expose the adhesive surface before use.

For example, in the case of double-sided adhesive tape, after the adhesive surface on one side of the double-sided adhesive tape is attached to the adherend, the release film attached to the adhesive surface on the other side of the double-sided adhesive tape is peeled off. There is a need to.

When the manufacturing process of various members such as optical members and electronic members includes an operation of bonding a plurality of adherends using a double-sided adhesive tape as described above, a step of removing a release film is included in the manufacturing process. Is done.

As a method for smoothly advancing the process of removing the release film as described above, conventionally, a method of providing a tab for pickup on the release film and gripping the tab to pick up the film, or a separately prepared pickup A method of peeling by attaching a tape to the end surface of the peeling film and picking it up is adopted.

However, in the conventional method of removing the release film as described above, tab processing to the release film is required, the operation itself of gripping and picking up the tab processing portion is complicated, or a separate pickup tape is used. There is a problem that it is necessary to prepare the film and the operation itself of peeling with the pickup tape is complicated. In particular, automation of the manufacturing process has become a trend in various manufacturing sites these days, and it is required to devise a method that makes it extremely easy to remove the release film from the adhesive surface without performing operations such as gripping and picking up. ing.

Patent No. 4646508

An object of the present invention is to provide a release film that can be peeled off from an adhesive surface extremely easily. Another object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive tape provided with such a release film.

The release film of the present invention is
A release film having a porous film and a base film,
One of the outermost layers is the porous film,
The other of the outermost layer is the base film,
The thickness is 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm,
The density is 0.01 g / cm ³ to 5.0 g / cm ³ .
Satisfy at least one selected from the group consisting of the following (A) and (B).
(A) The surface roughness Sa of the surface of the porous film which is the outermost layer is 1.0 μm to 40 μm.
(B) The surface of the base film, which is the outermost layer, is mold-released.

In one embodiment, the thickness of the porous film is 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm.

In one embodiment, the porous film is a foam film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin foam, a polyester foam, a polyurethane foam, and a rubber-based foam.

In one embodiment, the thickness of the base film is 2 μm to 25 μm.

In one embodiment, the base film is a plastic film.

In one embodiment, the plastic film comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene / propylene copolymer, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, and polyester.

The pressure-sensitive adhesive tape of the present invention has a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a release film of the present invention provided on at least one surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

In one embodiment, the peeling force between the peeling film and the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 0.03N / 50mm to 1.1N / 50mm at a peeling angle of 180 degrees and a pulling speed of 300 mm / min.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a release film that can be peeled off from the adhesive surface extremely easily. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an adhesive tape provided with such a release film. The release film of the present invention can be extremely easily peeled from the adhesive surface by a simple method such as air blow.

It is the schematic sectional drawing of the release film by one Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the adhesive tape by one Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic sectional drawing of the adhesive tape by another embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state of peeling the release film by one Embodiment of this invention from an adhesive surface.

≪≪A. Release film ≫≫
The release film of the present invention has a porous film and a base film. The porous film of the release film of the present invention may be one kind or two or more kinds. The base film of the release film of the present invention may be one kind or two or more kinds.

The release film of the present invention may have any suitable other layer as long as it has a porous film and a base film, as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired. Such other layers may be one kind or two or more kinds.

One of the outermost layers of the release film of the present invention is a porous film. In the release film of the present invention, the other outermost layer thereof is a base film.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a release film according to one embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the release film 100 has a porous film 10 and a base film 20. As shown in FIG. 1, the release film preferably comprises a porous film and a base film.

The thickness of the release film of the present invention is 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, still more preferably 0.2 mm. It is about 1.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm, and most preferably 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm. If the thickness of the release film of the present invention is within the above range, sufficient wind pressure can be applied to the cross section by performing air blow so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind, and the release film is easily blown off. Therefore, the effect of the present invention can be exhibited. If the thickness of the release film of the present invention is too small outside the above range, sufficient wind pressure may not be applied to the cross section even if air blow is performed so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind. If the thickness of the release film of the present invention is too large outside the above range, the entire release film becomes heavy, so that the release film is less likely to be blown off even if air blow is performed so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind. There is a risk of becoming.

The term "air blow" in the present specification means that a gas typified by air is blown vigorously, and the effect of the present invention is impaired as well as the operation performed by a generally known air blow device. It includes the operation of blowing a gas typified by air vigorously by any suitable method to the extent that it does not exist.

The density of the release film of the present invention is 0.01 g / cm ³ to 5.0 g / cm ³ , preferably 0.01 g / cm ³ to 4.0 g / cm ³ , and more preferably 0.01 g / cm. It is ³ to 3.0 g / cm ³ , more preferably 0.02 g / cm ³ to 2.0 g / cm ³ , and particularly preferably 0.02 g / cm ³ to 1.8 g / cm ³ . It is preferably 0.04 g / cm ³ to 1.6 g / cm ³ . When the density of the release film of the present invention is within the above range, the release film is easily blown off by air blowing so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind, and the effect of the present invention can be exhibited. If the density of the release film of the present invention is out of the above range and is too small, the strength will be low and the material may be destroyed during release. If the density of the release film of the present invention is too large outside the above range, the entire release film becomes heavy, so that the release film is less likely to be blown off even if air blow is performed so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind. There is a risk of becoming.

The release film of the present invention satisfies at least one selected from the group consisting of the following (A) and (B).
(A) The surface roughness Sa of the surface of the porous film which is the outermost layer is 1.0 μm to 40 μm.
(B) The surface of the base film, which is the outermost layer, is mold-released.

In the above (A), the surface having a surface roughness Sa of 1.0 μm to 40 μm is the surface of the porous film which is the outermost layer, that is, the side opposite to the side where the base film of the porous film is provided. It is the surface.

The surface that has been mold-released in the above (B) is the surface of the base film that is the outermost layer, that is, the surface of the base film that is opposite to the side on which the porous film is provided.

With respect to the above (A), the surface roughness Sa of the surface of the porous film, which is one of the outermost layers of the release film of the present invention, is preferably 1.0 μm to 40 μm, more preferably 1.0 μm to 30 μm. It is more preferably 1.5 μm to 30 μm, particularly preferably 1.6 μm to 30 μm, and most preferably 1.6 μm to 22 μm. When the surface roughness Sa is within the above range, the air blow is performed so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to the wind, so that the wind easily enters the surface region of the porous film and the release film is easily blown off. , The effect of the present invention can be exhibited. In particular, when the surface of the surface roughness Sa of the porous film is bonded to the adhesive layer, the above effect can be more exhibited. If the surface roughness Sa is out of the above range and is too small, the adhesive layer and the release film are in close contact with each other, so that the release film may not be easily blown off. If the surface roughness Sa is out of the above range and is too large, the adhesive layer and the release film may not adhere to each other and may not function as the release film.

The cell diameter of the surface of the porous film can be controlled by controlling the expansion ratio, and as a result, the surface roughness Sa can be adjusted within the above-mentioned preferable range.

With respect to the above (B), the surface of the base film, which is the other outermost layer of the release film of the present invention, is preferably mold-released. Since the surface of the base film is mold-released, the release film is easily blown off by performing air blow so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to the wind, and the effect of the present invention can be exhibited. In particular, when the release-treated surface of the base film is bonded to the adhesive layer, the above effect can be further exhibited. If the surface of the base film is not mold-released, the release film may not be easily blown off even if air blow is performed so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind.

Regarding the mold release treatment of the surface of the base film, << A-2. This will be described in the section of "Base film".

The release film of the present invention can be produced by any suitable method as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples of such a manufacturing method include hot press processing with a hot press machine, heat laminating method, dry laminating method, wet laminating method, extrusion (extrusion) laminating method, hot melt laminating, and co-extrusion (co-extrusion). Examples include laminating methods and roll-to-roll continuous thermal laminating. Among these, hot press working with a hot press machine and continuous heat laminating in roll-to-roll are often used.

<< A-1. Porous film ≫
The thickness of the porous film is preferably 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm, more preferably 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm, still more preferably 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, and particularly preferably 0. It is 2 mm to 1.0 mm, most preferably 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm. If the thickness of the porous film is within the above range, if air blow is performed so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind, more sufficient wind pressure can be applied to the cross section, and the release film is more easily blown off. , The effect of the present invention can be more exhibited. If the thickness of the porous film is out of the above range and is too small, sufficient wind pressure may not be applied to the cross section even if air blow is performed so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind. If the thickness of the porous film is too large outside the above range, the entire release film becomes heavy, and even if air blow is performed so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind, the release film may not be easily blown off. be.

The porous film has an apparent density measured in accordance with JIS-K-7222 (2005), preferably 10 kg / m ³ to 500 kg / m ³ , and more preferably 15 kg / m ³ to 400 kg / m ³ . It is more preferably 20 kg / m ³ to 300 kg / m ³ , particularly preferably 25 kg / m ³ to 200 kg / m ³ , and most preferably 30 kg / m ³ to 150 kg / m ³ . When the apparent density of the porous film is within the above range, the release film is more easily blown off by air blowing so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to the wind, and the effect of the present invention can be more exhibited. If the apparent density of the porous film is out of the above range and is too small, the strength will be low and the material may be destroyed when peeled off. If the apparent density of the porous film is too large outside the above range, the entire release film becomes heavy, and even if air blow is performed so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind, the release film may not be easily blown off. be.

As the porous film, any suitable porous film can be adopted as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired. Examples of such a porous film include, for example.
(1) Paper, woven fabric, non-woven fabric (for example, polyester (for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) non-woven fabric, etc.),
(2) Select from the group consisting of polyester (for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc.), nylon, Saran (trade name), polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, ionomer. A film obtained by mechanically perforating a solid film containing at least one kind of resin.
(3) A foam film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin foam, a polyester foam, a polyurethane foam, and a rubber-based foam as a constituent component.
And so on.

As the porous film, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyolefin foams, polyester foams, polyurethane foams, and rubber-based foams is preferably used as a constituent component in that the effects of the present invention can be more exhibited. It is a foam film.

Examples of the polyolefin foam include a non-cross-linked polyethylene foam, a cross-linked polyethylene foam, a polypropylene foam, a foam containing polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), and the like. The polyolefin foam may be only one kind or two or more kinds.

Examples of the polyester foam include polyethylene terephthalate foam. The polyester foam may be of only one kind or may be two or more kinds.

Examples of the polyurethane foam include soft urethane foam, hard urethane foam, urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam, and polyisocyanurate foam. The polyurethane foam may be only one kind or two or more kinds.

Examples of the rubber-based foam include NR sponge, CR sponge, EPDM sponge, NBR sponge, silicone rubber sponge, and SBR sponge. The rubber-based foam may be of only one type or may be two or more types.

When the porous film is a foam film, the pore size of the foam film is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 50% to 99%, still more preferably 55% to 98%. , Particularly preferably 60% to 97%. When the pore size of the foam film is within the above range, the release film is more easily blown off by air blowing so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind, and the effect of the present invention can be more exhibited. Here, the "opening ratio" means the area ratio of the fine pores in the area of the film on the plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the foam film.

When the porous film is a foam film, the average major axis of the fine pores of the foam film is preferably 10 μm to 1000 μm, and the average minor axis of the fine pores of the foam film is preferably 10 μm to 1000 μm. be. When the average major axis and the average minor axis of the fine pores of the foam film are within the above ranges, the release film is more easily blown off by air blowing so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to the wind, and the effect of the present invention is obtained. Can be more expressed.

When the porous film is a foam film, the foam film may be heat-treated. Examples of such a heat treatment include a process of thermally melting the surface layer portion of the foam film. By such a heat treatment, a region of the foam having a pore opening ratio smaller than the pore opening ratio of the foam film before the heat treatment is formed. Such a region is preferably formed as a heat treatment layer.

For the heat treatment layer, for example, a heating roll set to a temperature lower than the melting point of the foam film (for example, a temperature about 5 ° C to 20 ° C lower) is used, and the rotation speed of the heating roll is reduced to be lower than the traveling speed of the foam film. By allowing the foam film to be formed on the contact surface side of the heating roll of the foam film.

≪A-2. Base film ≫

The thickness of the base film is preferably 2 mm to 25 mm, more preferably 4 mm to 25 mm, further preferably 4 mm to 12 mm, particularly preferably 6 mm to 12 mm, and most preferably 8 mm to 12 mm. .. If the thickness of the base film is within the above range, if air blow is performed so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind, more sufficient wind pressure can be applied to the cross section, and the release film is more easily blown off. , The effect of the present invention can be more exhibited. If the thickness of the base film is out of the above range and is too small, sufficient wind pressure may not be applied to the cross section even if air blow is performed so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind. If the thickness of the base film is out of the above range and is too large, the entire release film becomes heavy, and even if air blow is performed so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind, the release film may not be easily blown off. be.

As the base film, any suitable base film can be adopted as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples of such a base film include plastic films, papers, metal films, and non-woven fabrics. The base film as such is preferably a plastic film.

As the plastic film, any suitable plastic film may be adopted as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. The term "plastic film" as used herein refers to a film formed from a resin composition containing plastic as a main component. The content of the plastic in the resin composition is preferably 50% by weight to 100% by weight, more preferably 70% by weight to 100% by weight, still more preferably 90% by weight to 100% by weight, and particularly. It is preferably 95% by weight to 100% by weight, and most preferably 98% by weight to 100% by weight.

Examples of the plastic include polyolefin-based resins, polyester-based resins, and polyamide-based resins.

Examples of the polyolefin resin include low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, ultra-low-density polyethylene and other polyethylene; homopolypoly and other polypropylene; ethylene / propylene copolymer, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, and the like. Ethylene-based copolymers such as ethylene / methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene / ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene / butyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymer, and ethylene / methyl methacrylate copolymer. ; Block-based, random-based, graft-based and other propylene-based copolymers having an ethylene component as a copolymer; reactor TPO; and the like can be mentioned.

Examples of the polyester-based resin include polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate.

In the present invention, the plastic is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene / propylene copolymer, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, and polyester. That is, the plastic film preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene / propylene copolymer, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, and polyester.

The substrate film may contain any suitable additive, if desired. Examples of the additive that can be contained in the base film include antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, antistatic agents, fillers, pigments and the like. The type, number, and amount of additives that can be contained in the base film can be appropriately set according to the purpose. In particular, when the material of the base film is plastic, it is preferable to contain some of the above additives for the purpose of preventing deterioration and the like. From the viewpoint of improving weather resistance and the like, particularly preferable additives include antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers and fillers.

As the antioxidant, any suitable antioxidant may be employed. Examples of such antioxidants include phenol-based antioxidants, phosphorus-based processing heat stabilizers, lactone-based processing heat stabilizers, sulfur-based heat-resistant stabilizers, phenol-phosphorus-based antioxidants, and the like. The content ratio of the antioxidant is preferably 1% by weight or less, more preferably 0.5% by weight or less, still more preferably 0.01% by weight to 0.2, based on the total amount of the base film. It is% by weight.

As the ultraviolet absorber, any suitable ultraviolet absorber may be adopted. Examples of such an ultraviolet absorber include a benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber, a triazine-based ultraviolet absorber, and a benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorber. The content ratio of the ultraviolet absorber is preferably 2% by weight or less, more preferably 1% by weight or less, still more preferably 0.01% by weight to 0.5% by weight, based on the total amount of the base film. Is.

As the light stabilizer, any suitable light stabilizer may be adopted. Examples of such a light stabilizer include a hindered amine-based light stabilizer and a benzoate-based light stabilizer. The content ratio of the light stabilizer is preferably 2% by weight or less, more preferably 1% by weight or less, still more preferably 0.01% by weight to 0.5% by weight, based on the total amount of the base film. Is.

As the filler, any suitable filler may be adopted. Examples of such a filler include an inorganic filler and the like. Specific examples of the inorganic filler include carbon black, titanium oxide, zinc oxide and the like. The content ratio of the filler is preferably 20% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or less, still more preferably 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the base film.

Further, as the additive, an inorganic type such as a surfactant, an inorganic salt, a polyhydric alcohol, a metal compound, and carbon, a low molecular weight type, and a high molecular weight type antistatic agent are also preferably mentioned for the purpose of imparting antistatic properties. In particular, from the viewpoint of contamination and maintenance of adhesiveness, high molecular weight antistatic agents and carbon are preferable.

The tensile elastic modulus of the base film is preferably 1 MPa to 300 MPa, more preferably 5 MPa to 300 MPa, further preferably 10 MPa to 300 MPa, particularly preferably 15 MPa to 250 MPa, and most preferably 20 MPa to 230 MPa. Is. If the tensile elastic modulus of the base film is within the above range, the release film does not have excessive elasticity. Therefore, the release film is more likely to be blown off by performing air blow so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind. Therefore, the effect of the present invention can be more exhibited. If the tensile elastic modulus of the base film is out of the above range and is too small, the strength will be low and the material may be destroyed when peeled off. If the tensile elastic modulus of the base film is out of the above range and is too large, the air blow cannot be rolled up even when it hits the end of the release film because it is too rigid, and the release may not be possible.

The surface of the base film may be mold-released. As the release agent used for the mold release treatment, any appropriate release agent can be adopted as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired. Examples of such a release agent include a fluorine-based release agent, a long-chain alkyl acrylate-based release agent, a silicone-based release agent, and the like. Among these release agents, silicone-based release agents are preferable because the effects of the present invention can be more exhibited.

As the silicone-based release agent, a curable silicone-based release agent that is cured by ultraviolet irradiation, electron beam irradiation, or the like is preferable, and a cationically polymerizable ultraviolet-curable silicone-based release agent is more preferable.

The cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone-based release agent is a mixture containing a cationically polymerizable silicone (polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy functional group in the molecule) and an onium salt-based photoinitiator, and is an onium salt-based photoinitiator. Is preferably composed of a boron-based photoinitiator. By using a cationically polymerizable ultraviolet curable silicone-based release agent in which such an onium salt-based photoinitiator is composed of a boron-based photoinitiator, very good release property (release property) can be obtained, in particular. When the release-treated surface of the base film is bonded to the adhesive layer, the release film is more easily blown off by performing air blow so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to the wind. Furthermore, by adjusting the amount of ultraviolet irradiation, it is possible to change the degree of cure and control the peeling force.

The cationically polymerized silicone (polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy functional group in the molecule) has at least two epoxy functional groups in one molecule, may be linear, or may be branched. It may be in the form of a chain or a mixture thereof. The type of epoxy functional group contained in the polyorganosiloxane is preferably one in which ring-opening cationic polymerization proceeds with an onium salt-based photoinitiator. Specific examples of such an epoxy functional group include a γ-glycidyloxypropyl group, a β- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl group, and a β- (4-methyl-3,4 epoxycyclohexyl) propyl group. Can be mentioned. Such cationically polymerized silicones (polyorganosiloxanes having an epoxy functional group in the molecule) are on the market, and commercially available products can be used. For example, UV9315, UV9430, UV9300, TPR6500, TPR6501 manufactured by Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd .; X-62-7622, X-62-7629, X-62-7655, X-62-7660, X- of Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. 62-7634A and the like; Poly200, Poly201, RCA200, RCA250, RCA251 and the like manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Co., Ltd .; and the like.

As the silicone-based release agent, a thermosetting addition-type silicone-based release agent (thermosetting addition-type polysiloxane-based release agent) can also be used. The thermosetting addition type silicone-based release agent is essential to contain a polyorganosiloxane (alkenyl group-containing silicone) containing an alkenyl group as a functional group in the molecule and a polyorganosiloxane containing a hydrosilyl group as a functional group in the molecule. It is an ingredient.

As the polyorganosiloxane containing an alkenyl group as a functional group in the molecule, a polyorganosiloxane having two or more alkenyl groups in the molecule is preferable. Examples of the alkenyl group include a vinyl group (ethenyl group), an allyl group (2-propenyl group), a butenyl group, a pentenyl group, a hexenyl group and the like. In addition, such an alkenyl group is usually bonded to a silicon atom of a polyorganosiloxane forming a main chain or a skeleton (for example, a silicon atom at the terminal, a silicon atom inside the main chain, or the like). Examples of the polyorganosiloxane forming the main chain or the skeleton include polyalkylalkylsiloxanes (polydialkylsiloxanes) such as polydimethylsiloxanes, polydiethylsiloxanes, and polymethylethylsiloxanes; polyalkylarylsiloxanes; silicon atom-containing monomers. Examples thereof include copolymers in which a plurality of types of components are used (poly (dimethylsiloxane-diethylsiloxane), etc.); and the like. Of these, polydimethylsiloxane is particularly preferred. That is, as the polyorganosiloxane containing an alkenyl group as a functional group in the molecule, specifically, a polydimethylsiloxane having a vinyl group, a hexenyl group or the like as a functional group is particularly preferable.

A polyorganosiloxane cross-linking agent containing a hydrosilyl group as a functional group in a molecule is a polyorganosiloxane having a hydrogen atom bonded to a silicon atom (particularly, a silicon atom having a Si—H bond) in the molecule. In particular, polyorganosiloxane having two or more silicon atoms having a Si—H bond in the molecule is preferable. The silicon atom having a Si—H bond may be either a silicon atom in the main chain or a silicon atom in the side chain, that is, may be contained as a constituent unit of the main chain, or may be a side. It may be included as a building block of a chain. The number of silicon atoms in the Si—H bond is preferably two or more. Specific examples of the polyorganosiloxane cross-linking agent containing a hydrosilyl group as a functional group in the molecule include polymethylhydrogensiloxane and poly (dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane).

As the thermosetting silicone-based mold release treatment agent, a reaction inhibitor (reaction retarding agent) may be used in order to impart storage stability at room temperature together with the thermosetting silicone-based resin. As such a reaction inhibitor, for example, when a thermosetting addition type silicone-based release agent is used as the release agent, 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexin-3-ol and 3-methyl-1- Examples thereof include pentene-3-ol, 3-methyl-3-pentene-1-in, and 3,5-dimethyl-3-hexene-1-in.

In addition to the above-mentioned components, a release control agent or the like may be used in the thermosetting silicone-based mold release treatment agent, if necessary. Specifically, a peeling control agent such as MQ resin, polyorganosiloxane having no alkenyl group or hydrosilyl group (trimethylsiloxy group-terminated blocking polydimethylsiloxane, etc.) may be added. The content of these components in the mold release treatment agent is preferably 1% by weight to 30% by weight based on the total solid content.

The thermosetting silicone-based mold release treatment agent usually contains a curing catalyst. As such a curing catalyst, it is preferable to use a platinum-based catalyst generally used as a catalyst for thermosetting additive silicone. Among such platinum-based catalysts, at least one platinum-based catalyst selected from the group consisting of platinum chloride acid, platinum olefin complex, and platinum chloride acid olefin complex is preferable. The curing catalyst can be used as it is, in a form dissolved in a solvent, or in a form dispersed in a solvent.

The blending amount (solid content) of the curing catalyst is preferably 0.05 parts by weight to 0.55 parts by weight, more preferably 0.06, with respect to 100 parts by weight (resin content) of the thermosetting silicone resin. It is from parts by weight to 0.50 parts by weight. If the blending amount (solid content) of the curing catalyst is less than 0.05 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight (resin content) of the thermosetting silicone resin, the curing rate may be slowed down. If the blending amount (solid content) of the curing catalyst exceeds 0.55 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight (resin content) of the thermosetting silicone resin, the pot life may be significantly shortened.

As a method for releasing the surface of the base film, typically, a coating liquid containing the above-mentioned various components is applied to the surface of the base film to provide a release layer. An organic solvent is usually used as the coating liquid in order to improve the coatability. Examples of the organic solvent include aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane, hexane and heptane; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate and methyl acetate; acetone, Ketone-based solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone; alcohol-based solvents such as methanol, ethanol and butanol; and the like can be mentioned. These organic solvents may be one kind or two or more kinds.

The thickness of the release layer that can be formed when the surface of the base film is subjected to the release treatment is preferably 0.001 μm to 10 μm, more preferably 0.03 μm, in that the effect of the present invention can be more exhibited. It is ~ 7 μm, more preferably 0.1 μm to 5 μm, particularly preferably 0.3 μm to 3 μm, and most preferably 0.5 μm to 1.5 μm.

≪≪B. Adhesive tape ≫≫
The pressure-sensitive adhesive tape of the present invention has a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a release film of the present invention provided on at least one surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the adhesive tape according to one embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2, the adhesive tape 1000 includes a release film 100 and an adhesive layer 200. As shown in FIG. 2, the adhesive tape preferably comprises a release film and an adhesive layer. In FIG. 2, the release film 100 has a porous film 10 and a base film 20, and the porous film 10 is bonded to the side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 200.

When the adhesive tape of the present invention is the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, as described above, the surface of the porous film 10 opposite to the side on which the base film 20 is provided (the surface to be bonded to the adhesive layer). ) Has a surface roughness Sa of 1.0 μm to 40 μm. By adopting such an embodiment, the release film is easily blown off by performing air blow so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to the wind, and the effect of the present invention can be exhibited.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the adhesive tape according to another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, the adhesive tape 1000 includes a release film 100 and an adhesive layer 200. As shown in FIG. 3, the adhesive tape preferably comprises a release film and an adhesive layer. In FIG. 3, the release film 100 has a porous film 10 and a base film 20, and the base film 20 is bonded to the side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 200.

When the adhesive tape of the present invention is the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, as described above, the surface of the base film 20 opposite to the side on which the porous film 10 is provided (the surface to be bonded to the adhesive layer). ) Has been released. By adopting such an embodiment, the release film is easily blown off by performing air blow so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to the wind, and the effect of the present invention can be exhibited.

As the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, any suitable pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be adopted as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. However, if an adhesive layer having too strong adhesiveness is adopted, the effect of the present invention may be impaired. Therefore, the peeling force between each release film and the adhesive layer in an atmosphere of a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 50% RH. (Peeling angle 180 degrees, tensile speed 300 mm / min) is preferably 0.03N / 50mm to 1.1N / 50mm, more preferably 0.04N / 50mm to 1.0N / 50mm, and even more preferably. It is 0.06N / 50mm to 1.0N / 50mm, particularly preferably 0.08N / 50mm to 0.5N / 50mm, and most preferably 0.1N / 50mm to 0.3N / 50mm.

The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer consists of a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Examples of the adhesive include rubber-based adhesives, acrylic-based adhesives, polyamide-based adhesives, silicone-based adhesives, polyester-based adhesives, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-based adhesives, urethane-based adhesives, and the like. .. Among these pressure-sensitive adhesives, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives are excellent in various properties such as heat resistance and weather resistance, and desired properties can be exhibited by selecting the type of monomer component constituting the acrylic polymer. Therefore, it can be suitably used.

The acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is usually formed of an acrylic polymer as a base polymer composed of a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester as a main monomer component. Examples of the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester include methyl (meth) acrylic acid, ethyl (meth) acrylic acid, propyl (meth) acrylic acid, isopropyl (meth) acrylic acid, butyl (meth) acrylic acid, and (meth). Isobutyl acrylate, s-butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, heptyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, 2-Ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, nonyl (meth) acrylate, isononyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, isodecyl (meth) acrylate, undecyl (meth) acrylate , (Meta) dodecyl acrylate, (meth) tridecyl acrylate, (meth) tetradecyl acrylate, (meth) pentadecyl acrylate, (meth) octadecyl acrylate, (meth) nonadecil acrylate, (meth) eicocil acrylate, etc. (Meta) acrylic acid C1-20 alkyl ester (preferably (meth) acrylic acid C2-12 alkyl ester, more preferably (meth) acrylic acid C2-8 alkyl ester) and the like. The (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester may be one kind or two or more kinds. In addition, in this specification, "(meth) acrylic" means "acrylic and / or methacrylic".

The acrylic polymer contains units corresponding to other monomer components copolymerizable with the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester, if necessary, for the purpose of modifying cohesive force, heat resistance, crosslinkability, etc. You may be. Examples of such other monomer components include carboxyl group-containing monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, carboxyethyl acrylate, carboxypentyl acrylate, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and crotonic acid; (meth) acrylic. Contains hydroxyl groups such as hydroxybutyl acid, hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyoctyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxydecyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxylauryl (meth) acrylate, and (4-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl) methylmethacrylate. Monomer; Monomer such as styrene sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2- (meth) acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, (meth) acrylamide propane sulfonic acid, sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acryloyloxynaphthalene sulfonic acid. Acid group-containing monomer; Phosphoric acid group-containing monomer such as 2-hydroxyethylacroyl phosphate; (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide. , N-Methylolpropane (meth) acrylamide and other (N-substituted) amide-based monomers; (meth) aminoethyl acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, t-butylamino (meth) acrylate. (Meta) aminoalkyl acrylate monomers such as ethyl; (meth) alkoxyalkyl monomers acrylate; maleimide monomers such as N-cyclohexyl maleimide, N-isopropylmaleimide, N-laurylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide; N- Itaconimide-based monomers such as methylitaconimide, N-ethylitaconimide, N-butylitaconimide, N-octylitaconimide, N-2-ethylhexylitaconimide, N-cyclohexylitaconimide, N-laurylitaconimide; Meta) Succinimide-based monomers such as acryloyloxymethylene succinimide, N- (meth) acryloyl-6-oxyhexamethylene succinimide, N- (meth) acryloyl-8-oxyoctamethylene succinimide; vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, N-vinyl Pyrrolidone, Methylvinylpyrrolidone, Vinylpyridine, Vinylpiperidone, Vinylpyrimidine, Vinylpiperazin, Vinylpyrazine, Vinylpyrrole, Vinylimida Vinyl-based monomers such as sol, vinyloxazole, vinylmorpholin, N-vinylcarboxylic acid amides, styrene, α-methylstyrene, N-vinylcaprolactam; cyanoacrylate-based monomers such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; (meth) acrylic acid Epoxy group-containing acrylic monomers such as glycidyl; glycol-based acrylic ester monomers such as (meth) polypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate, methoxyethyl glycol (meth) acrylate, and methoxypolypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate; tetrahydroful (meth) acrylate. Acrylic acid ester-based monomers having heterocycles such as frills, fluorine (meth) acrylates, silicone (meth) acrylates, halogen atoms, silicon atoms, etc .; hexanediol di (meth) acrylates, (poly) ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylates. , Polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, Neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, Pentaerythritol di (meth) acrylate, Trimethylol propanthry (meth) acrylate, Pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, Dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) Polyfunctional monomers such as acrylate, epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, urethane acrylate, divinylbenzene, butyl di (meth) acrylate, and hexyldi (meth) acrylate; olefin monomers such as isoprene, dibutadiene, and isobutylene; vinyl ether monomers such as vinyl ether; And so on. The other monomer component may be one kind or two or more kinds.

The acrylic polymer can be produced by subjecting the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester and, if necessary, other monomers to the polymerization by any suitable method.

The weight average molecular weight of the acrylic polymer is preferably 100,000 to 2000,000, more preferably 150,000 to 1,000,000, and further preferably 300,000 to 1,000,000.

The acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is usually formed of an acrylic polymer as a base polymer composed of a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester as a main monomer component.

The pressure-sensitive adhesive may contain a cross-linking agent. Examples of the cross-linking agent include an epoxy-based cross-linking agent, an isocyanate-based cross-linking agent, a melamine-based cross-linking agent, a peroxide-based cross-linking agent, a metal alkoxide-based cross-linking agent, a metal chelate-based cross-linking agent, a metal salt-based cross-linking agent, and a carbodiimide-based cross-linking agent. Examples thereof include agents, oxazoline-based cross-linking agents, aziridine-based cross-linking agents, and amine-based cross-linking agents. Among these cross-linking agents, epoxy-based cross-linking agents and isocyanate-based cross-linking agents are preferable. The cross-linking agent may be one kind or two or more kinds.

The pressure-sensitive adhesive may contain additives such as a plasticizer, a stabilizer, a filler lubricant, a colorant, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, and a colorant.

The thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is preferably 5 μm to 120 μm, more preferably 10 μm to 100 μm, and further preferably 20 μm to 80 μm.

≪≪C. How to peel off the release film ≫≫
The release film of the present invention can be extremely easily peeled off from the adhesive surface by performing an air blow so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing how the release film according to one embodiment of the present invention is peeled from the adhesive surface. In FIG. 4, the adhesive tape 1000 is attached to the fixing resin plate 2000. The adhesive tape 1000 includes a release film 100 and an adhesive layer 200.

In order to peel the release film from the adhesive surface of the adhesive layer, as shown in FIG. 4, air blow is performed by the air blow device 3000 so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to the wind. Here, in order to allow the wind to hit the cross section of the release film, not only the air blow performed from the direction perpendicular to the cross section toward the cross section, but also the air blow from the direction diagonally toward the cross section. You may. In FIG. 4, as an example of air blow, the injection direction of the air blow device 3000 is directed toward the end face on the short side of the adhesive tape 1000 and the boundary portion of the resin plate 2000, as is performed in the air blow test described later, and the air blow device 3000 is injected. The case where the air blow is performed from the direction where the angle formed by the direction and the horizontal plane of the resin plate 2000 is θ (45 ° in the air blow test described later) is shown.

By performing air blow so that the cross section of the release film is exposed to wind, the release film of the present invention is extremely easily peeled off from the adhesive surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and is blown off very easily.

According to the method of peeling the release film by air blow of the present invention, it can be peeled off and removed extremely easily without performing the operation of gripping and picking up as in the conventional case, and the manufacturing process which is becoming a trend in various manufacturing sites in recent years. It can also be applied to the automation of.

As the conditions for air blow, any appropriate conditions can be adopted as long as the conditions such as the direction, distance, air volume, and time such that the release film is peeled from the adhesive surface of the adhesive layer.

As the direction of the air blow, any appropriate direction may be adopted as long as at least a part of the wind emitted by the air blow hits the cross section of the release film. Such a direction includes, for example, not only the direction directly hitting the cross section of the release film but also the direction reflecting off the fixing resin plate or the like and indirectly hitting the cross section of the release film. As such a direction, in the case of a typical air blow, the angle between the air injection direction from the tip of the air blow device (air injection port) and the surface of the release film is preferably 0 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees.

The distance between the tip of the air blower (air ejection port) and the release film should be any appropriate distance as long as the wind that separates the release film from the adhesive surface of the adhesive layer hits the release film. Can be adopted. Such distances may be longer or shorter depending on the air blow capacity and the structure of the production line. As such a distance, in the case of a typical air blow, the shortest distance from the tip of the air blow device (air injection port) to the release film is preferably 1 mm to 1000 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 500 mm. It is more preferably 1 mm to 300 mm, and particularly preferably 1 mm to 100 mm.

As the air volume of the air blow, any appropriate air volume can be adopted as long as the air volume is such that the release film is peeled off from the adhesive surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Such an air volume may increase or decrease depending on the ability of the air blow. As for such an air volume, in the case of a typical air blow, the injection diameter of the tip (air injection port) of the air blow device is preferably 1 mm to 1000 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 500 mm, and further preferably 1 mm. It is ~ 300 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm to 100 mm, and the injection pressure is preferably 0.05 MPa to 10 MPa, more preferably 0.1 MPa to 5.0 MPa, still more preferably 0.1 MPa to 3. It is 0 MPa, and particularly preferably 0.1 MPa to 1.0 MPa.

As the air blow time, any appropriate time may be adopted as long as the release film is peeled off from the adhesive surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Such time may be longer or shorter depending on the capacity of the air blow and the structure of the production line. In the case of a typical air blow, such a time is preferably 0.01 seconds to 10 seconds, more preferably 0.05 seconds to 5 seconds, and further preferably 0.07 seconds to 3 seconds. Yes, especially preferably 0.1 seconds to 1 second.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. The tests and evaluation methods in the examples and the like are as follows. In addition, when it is described as "part", it means "part by weight" unless there is a special note, and when it is described as "%", it means "% by weight" unless there is a special note.

<Measurement of various thicknesses>
The porous film was measured with a 1/100 dial gauge (manufactured by Ozaki Seisakusho: measuring terminal diameter 20 mm). Others were measured with a 1/1000 dial gauge (manufactured by Ozaki Seisakusho: measuring terminal diameter 5 mm).

<Measurement of release film density>
Various release films were cut at 2 cm × 2 cm, the weight was measured, and the density was calculated as density = (weight (g) / thickness (cm) × 2 (cm) × 2 (cm)).

<Measurement of surface roughness Sa>
For the release film, the surface roughness Sa of the surface on the adhesive layer side when the adhesive tape was used was measured.
It was measured using a laser microscope (OLS-400: manufactured by Olympus). No. to the slide glass. 5601 (manufactured by Nitto Denko KK) was pasted, a sample (30 mm × 30 mm) was placed, and the central part of the sample was measured. The objective lens was magnified at × 20, and the cutoff value for swell was 8 mm, and Sa was calculated.

<Setting the peeling force of the release film or release paper>
Cut out an adhesive tape with a release film or release paper attached to one side of the adhesive surface to a size of 50 mm x 150 mm, and line the surface of the adhesive tape on the release film side or release paper side with PET # 25 to use the measurement sample. did.
From the measurement sample, at a tensile angle = 180 ° and a tensile speed = 300 mm / min, the adhesive surface was peeled off from the release film lined with PET # 25 so as to be peeled off, and the peeling force of the release film or the release paper was obtained.

<Air blow test>
An adhesive tape having a release film attached to one side of the adhesive surface was cut into a size of 10 mm × 20 mm and used as an evaluation sample. The adhesive surface on the side where the release film of the evaluation sample was not attached was pressure-bonded to the ABS plate with one reciprocating 2 kg roller.
Then, using a TRUSCO air duster "TD-80" (injection diameter = 20 mm, wind pressure = 0.4 MPa), as shown in FIG. 4, with respect to the end face on the short side of the evaluation sample and the boundary portion of the ABS plate. Then, the distance from the injection port of the air duster was 20 mm, the angle formed by the injection direction of the air duster and the horizontal plane of the ABS plate was 45 °, and air blow was performed once per second from the air duster.
The evaluation of the test was according to the following criteria.
⊚: The release film is blown off by one air blow.
◯: The release film is blown off by two to three air blows.
Δ: The release film is partially peeled off by air blowing 2 to 5 times.
X: The release film does not peel off at all even after 6 air blows.

[Example 1-1]
A non-cross-linked polyethylene foam film (1a) (manufactured by Sakai Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name "Minafoam", thickness = 0.5 mm) was prepared.
High-density polyethylene film (1b) (thickness =) whose one side was demolded (release layer thickness = 1 μm) with a cationically polymerizable UV-curable silicone-based release agent (Momentive, UV-curable silicone, TPR6500). 10 μm, tensile elasticity = 40 MPa, solid film) was prepared.
A non-bridged polyethylene foam film (1a) is heat-laminated on the surface of the high-density polyethylene film (1b) opposite to the release-treated surface, and the non-bridged polyethylene foam film side is cationically polymerizable. A release treatment (release layer thickness = 1 μm) was performed with an ultraviolet curable silicone-based release agent (Momentive, UV-curable silicone, TPR6500) to obtain a release film (1-1).
The adhesive surface of one side of the double-sided adhesive tape (Nitto Denko Co., Ltd., No. 5000NS) was bonded to the non-crosslinked polyethylene foam film (1a) side of the obtained release film (1-1), and the release film (1-1) was attached. ) Was obtained.
The obtained release film (1-1) is bonded to the non-cross-linked polyethylene foam film (1a) side of the double-sided adhesive tape (TW-Y01, manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) on the adhesive surface of one side, and the release film (1-1) is attached. ) Was obtained.
The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was a light peeling force of 0.2 N / 50 mm for both (1-1A) and (1-1B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 1-2]
A UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive UV curable silicone, XS56-A2982) is used instead of the cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500). A release film (1-2) was obtained by the same method as in the method for obtaining the release film (1-1) in Example 1-1.
The same procedure as in Example 1-1 was performed except that the release film (1-2) was used instead of the release film (1-1), and the adhesive tape (1-2A) provided with the release film (1-2) was used. ), (1-2B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 0.4 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (1-2A) and 0.5 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (1-2B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 1-3]
Other than using a UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, UV9430) instead of a cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500) Was carried out in the same manner as the method for obtaining the release film (1-1) to obtain the release film (1-3).
The same procedure as in Example 1-1 was performed except that the release film (1-3) was used instead of the release film (1-1), and the adhesive tape (1-3A) provided with the release film (1-3) was provided. ), (1-3B) were obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 1.0 N / 50 mm for (1-3A) and 1.1 N / 50 mm for (1-3B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 2-1]
The non-bridged polyethylene foam film (1a) prepared in Example 1-1 is bonded to the surface of the high-density polyethylene film (1b) produced in Example 1-1 opposite to the release-treated surface. Heat-treated polyethylene is heat-treated by contacting the non-bridged polyethylene foam film (1a) side of the laminated film in the state of being in contact with a heating roll set to a temperature about 5 to 20 ° C. lower than the melting point of the non-cross-linked polyethylene foam film. A foam film (2a) was obtained. Then, the heat-treated surface was mold-released with an ultraviolet curable silicone-based release agent (Momentive, UV-curable silicone, TPR6500) to obtain a release film (2-1).
The same procedure as in Example 1-1 was performed except that the release film (2-1) was used instead of the release film (1-1), and the adhesive tape (2-1A) provided with the release film (2-1) was provided. ), (2-1B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was a light peeling force of 0.2 N / 50 mm for both (2-1A) and (2-1B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 2-2]
A UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive UV curable silicone, XS56-A2982) is used instead of the cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500). A release film (2-2) was obtained by the same method as in the method for obtaining the release film (2-1) in Example 2-1.
The same procedure as in Example 1-1 was performed except that the release film (2-2) was used instead of the release film (1-1), and the adhesive tape (2-2A) provided with the release film (2-2) was provided. ), (2-2B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 0.4 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (2-2A) and 0.5 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (2-2B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 2-3]
Other than using a UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, UV9430) instead of a cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500) Was carried out in the same manner as the method for obtaining the release film (1-1) to obtain the release film (2-3).
The same procedure as in Example 1-1 was performed except that the release film (2-3) was used instead of the release film (1-1), and the adhesive tape (2-3A) provided with the release film (2-3) was provided. ), (2-3B) were obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 1.0 N / 50 mm for (2-3A) and 1.1 N / 50 mm for (2-3B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 3-1]
Adhesive surface on one side of double-sided adhesive tape (Nitto Denko Co., Ltd., No. 5000NS) was placed on the release-treated surface side of the high-density polyethylene film (1b) of the release film (1-1) obtained in Example 1-1. The adhesive tape (3-1A) provided with the release film (1-1) was obtained by laminating.
On the adhesive surface of the high-density polyethylene film (1b) of the release film (1-1) obtained in Example 1-1 on the adhesive surface side of the double-sided adhesive tape (TW-Y01, manufactured by Nitto Denko Co., Ltd.). The adhesive tape (3-1B) provided with the release film (1-1) was obtained by laminating.
The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was a light peeling force of 0.2 N / 50 mm for both (3-1A) and (3-1B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 3-2]
The same procedure as in Example 3-1 was performed except that the release film (1-2) was used instead of the release film (1-1), and the adhesive tape (3-2A) provided with the release film (1-2) was used. ), (3-2B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 0.4 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (3-2A) and 0.5 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (3-2B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 3-3]
The same procedure as in Example 3-1 was performed except that the release film (1-3) was used instead of the release film (1-1), and the adhesive tape (3-3A) provided with the release film (1-3) was provided. ), (3-3B). The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 1.0 N / 50 mm for (3-3A) and 1.1 N / 50 mm for (3-3B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 4-1]
One side of a polypropylene foam film (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name "Borara 03001", thickness = 0.1 mm, apparent density = 0.34 kg / m ³ ) is coated with a cationically polymerizable UV-curable silicone-based release agent (momentive). A mold release treatment (release layer thickness = 1 μm) was performed with UV curable silicone (TPR6500) manufactured by the same company, and a mold release treatment polypropylene foam film (4a) was prepared.
On the surface of the high-density polyethylene film (1b) prepared in Example 1-1 opposite to the mold release-treated surface, the surface of the mold-release-treated polypropylene foam film (4a) opposite to the mold-release-treated surface was formed. It was laminated by applying heat to obtain a release film (4-1).
The same procedure as in Example 1-1 was performed except that the release film (4-1) was used instead of the release film (1-1), and the adhesive tape (4-1A) provided with the release film (4-1) was provided. ), (4-1B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was a light peeling force of 0.2 N / 50 mm for both (4-1A) and (4-1B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 4-2]
A UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive UV curable silicone, XS56-A2982) is used instead of the cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500). A release film (4-2) was obtained by the same method as in the method for obtaining the release film (4-1) in Example 4-1.
The same procedure as in Example 4-1 was performed except that the release film (4-2) was used instead of the release film (4-1), and the adhesive tape (4-2A) provided with the release film (4-2) was used. ), (4-2B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 0.4 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (4-2A) and 0.5 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (4-2B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 4-3]
Other than using a UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, UV9430) instead of a cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500) Was carried out in the same manner as the method for obtaining the release film (4-1) in Example 4-1 to obtain the release film (4-3).
The same procedure as in Example 4-1 was performed except that the release film (4-3) was used instead of the release film (4-1), and the adhesive tape (4-3A) provided with the release film (4-3) was used. ), (4-3B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 1.0 N / 50 mm for (4-3A) and 1.1 N / 50 mm for (4-3B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 5-1]
Instead of polypropylene foam film (Sekisui Chemical, trade name "Borara 03001", thickness = 0.1 mm, apparent density = 0.34 kg / m ³ ), polypropylene foam film (Sekisui Chemical, trade name "Borara") 05002 ”, thickness = 0.2 mm, apparent density = 0.28 kg / m ³ ), but the same method as the method for obtaining the release film (4-1) in Example 4-1 was used. A release film (5-1) was obtained.
The same procedure as in Example 4-1 was performed except that the release film (5-1) was used instead of the release film (4-1), and the adhesive tape (5-1A) provided with the release film (5-1) was used. ), (5-1B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was a light peeling force of 0.2 N / 50 mm for both (5-1A) and (5-1B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 5-2]
A UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive UV curable silicone, XS56-A2982) is used instead of the cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500). A release film (5-2) was obtained by the same method as in the method for obtaining the release film (5-1) in Example 5-1.
The same procedure as in Example 5-1 was performed except that the release film (5-2) was used instead of the release film (5-1), and the adhesive tape (5-2A) provided with the release film (5-2) was used. ), (5-2B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 0.4 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (5-2A) and 0.5 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (5-2B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 5-3]
Other than using a UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, UV9430) instead of a cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500) Was carried out in the same manner as the method for obtaining the release film (5-1) in Example 5-1 to obtain the release film (5-3).
The same procedure as in Example 5-1 was performed except that the release film (5-3) was used instead of the release film (5-1), and the adhesive tape (5-3A) provided with the release film (5-3) was used. ), (5-3B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 1.0 N / 50 mm for (5-3A) and 1.1 N / 50 mm for (5-3B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 6-1]
Instead of polypropylene foam film (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name "Borara 03001", thickness = 0.1 mm, apparent density = 0.34 kg / m ³ ), polypropylene foam film (manufactured by Nitto Denko Co., Ltd., trade name " SCF400 ”, thickness = 0.3 mm, apparent density = 0.05 kg / m ³ ) was used, but the same method as the method for obtaining the release film (4-1) in Example 4-1 was used. A release film (6-1) was obtained.
The same procedure as in Example 4-1 was performed except that the release film (6-1) was used instead of the release film (4-1), and the adhesive tape (6-1A) provided with the release film (6-1) was used. ), (6-1B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was a light peeling force of 0.2 N / 50 mm for both (6-1A) and (6-1B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 6-2]
A UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive UV curable silicone, XS56-A2982) is used instead of the cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500). A release film (6-1) was obtained in the same manner as in the method for obtaining the release film (6-1) in Example 6-1.
The same procedure as in Example 6-1 was performed except that the release film (6-2) was used instead of the release film (6-1), and the adhesive tape (6-2A) provided with the release film (6-2) was provided. ), (6-2B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 0.4 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (6-2A) and 0.5 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (6-2B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 6-3]
Other than using a UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, UV9430) instead of a cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500) Was carried out in the same manner as the method for obtaining the release film (6-1) in Example 6-1 to obtain the release film (6-3).
The same procedure as in Example 6-1 was performed except that the release film (6-3) was used instead of the release film (6-1), and the adhesive tape (6-3A) provided with the release film (6-3) was used. ), (6-3B) were obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 1.0 N / 50 mm for (6-3A) and 1.1 N / 50 mm for (6-3B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 7-1]
Instead of polypropylene foam film (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name "Borara 03001", thickness = 0.1 mm, apparent density = 0.34 kg / m ³ ), polypropylene foam film (manufactured by Nitto Denko Co., Ltd., trade name " SCF400 ”, thickness = 0.4 mm, apparent density = 0.05 kg / m ³ ) was used, but the same method as the method for obtaining the release film (4-1) in Example 4-1 was used. A release film (7-1) was obtained.
The same procedure as in Example 4-1 was performed except that the release film (7-1) was used instead of the release film (4-1), and the adhesive tape (7-1A) provided with the release film (7-1) was used. ), (7-1B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was a light peeling force of 0.2 N / 50 mm for both (7-1A) and (7-1B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 7-2]
A UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive UV curable silicone, XS56-A2982) is used instead of the cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500). A release film (7-1) was obtained in the same manner as in the method for obtaining the release film (7-1) in Example 7-1.
The same procedure as in Example 7-1 was performed except that the release film (7-2) was used instead of the release film (7-1), and the adhesive tape (7-2A) provided with the release film (7-2) was used. ), (7-2B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 0.4 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (7-2A) and 0.5 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (7-2B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 7-3]
Other than using a UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, UV9430) instead of a cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500) Was carried out in the same manner as the method for obtaining the release film (7-1) in Example 7-1 to obtain the release film (7-3).
The same procedure as in Example 7-1 was performed except that the release film (7-3) was used instead of the release film (7-1), and the adhesive tape (7-3A) provided with the release film (7-3) was used. ), (7-3B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 1.0 N / 50 mm for (7-3A) and 1.1 N / 50 mm for (7-3B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 8-1]
Instead of polypropylene foam film (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name "Borara 03001", thickness = 0.1 mm, apparent density = 0.34 g / m ³ ), polypropylene foam film (manufactured by Nitto Denko Co., Ltd., trade name " SCF100 ”, thickness = 0.5 mm, apparent density = 0.04 kg / m ³ ) was used, but the same method as in the method for obtaining the release film (4-1) in Example 4-1 was used. A release film (8-1) was obtained.
The same procedure as in Example 4-1 was performed except that the release film (8-1) was used instead of the release film (4-1), and the adhesive tape (8-1A) provided with the release film (8-1) was provided. ), (8-1B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was a light peeling force of 0.2 N / 50 mm for both (8-1A) and (8-1B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 8-2]
A UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive UV curable silicone, XS56-A2982) is used instead of the cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500). A release film (8-2) was obtained by the same method as in the method for obtaining the release film (8-1) in Example 8-1.
The same procedure as in Example 8-1 was performed except that the release film (8-2) was used instead of the release film (8-1), and the adhesive tape (8-2A) provided with the release film (8-2) was used. ), (8-2B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 0.4 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (8-2A) and 0.5 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (8-2B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 8-3]
Other than using a UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, UV9430) instead of a cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500) In the same manner as in the method for obtaining the release film (8-1) in Example 8-1, a release film (8-3) was obtained.
The same procedure as in Example 8-1 was performed except that the release film (8-3) was used instead of the release film (8-1), and the adhesive tape (8-3A) provided with the release film (8-3) was used. ), (8-3B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 1.0 N / 50 mm for (8-3A) and 1.1 N / 50 mm for (8-3B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 9-1]
Instead of polypropylene foam film (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name "Borara 03001", thickness = 0.1 mm, apparent density = 0.34 kg / m ³ ), polypropylene foam film (manufactured by Nitto Denko Co., Ltd., trade name " SCF100 ”, thickness = 0.6 mm, apparent density = 0.04 kg / m ³ ) was used, but the same method as in the method for obtaining the release film (4-1) in Example 4-1 was used. A release film (9-1) was obtained.
The same procedure as in Example 4-1 was performed except that the release film (9-1) was used instead of the release film (4-1), and the adhesive tape (9-1A) provided with the release film (9-1) was used. ), (9-1B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was a light peeling force of 0.2 N / 50 mm for both (9-1A) and (9-1B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 9-2]
A UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive UV curable silicone, XS56-A2982) is used instead of the cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500). A release film (9-2) was obtained by the same method as in the method for obtaining the release film (9-1) in Example 9-1.
The same procedure as in Example 9-1 was performed except that the release film (9-2) was used instead of the release film (9-1), and the adhesive tape (9-2A) provided with the release film (9-2) was used. ), (9-2B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 0.4 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (9-2A) and 0.5 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (9-2B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 9-3]
Other than using a UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, UV9430) instead of the cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500) In the same manner as in the method for obtaining the release film (9-1) in Example 9-1, a release film (9-3) was obtained.
The same procedure as in Example 9-1 was performed except that the release film (9-3) was used instead of the release film (9-1), and the adhesive tape (9-3A) provided with the release film (9-3) was used. ), (9-3B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 0.4 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (9-2A) and 0.5 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (9-2B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 1-1]
One side of high-quality paper "NSWF101-78" (manufactured by Oji Ftex) is corona-treated, and low-density polyethylene "Suntech-LD-L4490" manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals is laminated on the treated surface to a thickness of 25 μm. The surface of the low-density polyethylene was peeled with a cationically polymerizable UV-curable silicone-based release agent (Momentive, UV-curable silicone, TPR6500) to obtain a release paper (C1-1).
Adhesive tape provided with a release paper (C1-1) by adhering the adhesive surface on one side of the double-sided adhesive tape (Nitto Denko Co., Ltd., No. 5000NS) to the release-treated surface side of the obtained release paper (C1-1). (C1-1A) was obtained.
Adhesive tape provided with release paper (C1-1) by laminating the adhesive surface on one side of the double-sided adhesive tape (TW-Y01, manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) to the release-treated surface side of the obtained release paper (C1-1). (C1-1B) was obtained.
The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was a light peeling force of 0.2 N / 50 mm for both (C1-1A) and (C1-1B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 1-2]
UV curable silicone release agent (Momentive, UV curable silicone, XS56-A2982) is used instead of the cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone release agent (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500). The release paper (C1-2) was obtained by the same method as the method for obtaining the release paper (C1-1) in Comparative Example 1-1.
The same procedure as in Comparative Example 1-1 was performed except that the release paper (C1-2) was used instead of the release paper (C1-1), and the adhesive tape (C1-2A) provided with the release paper (C1-2) was used. ), (C1-2B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 0.4 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (C1-2A) and 0.5 N / 50 mm medium peeling force for (C1-2B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 1-3]
Other than using a UV curable silicone release agent (Momentive, UV curable silicone, UV9430) instead of a cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone release agent (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500) Was carried out in the same manner as the method for obtaining the release paper (C1-1) to obtain the release paper (C1-3).
The same procedure as in Comparative Example 1-1 was performed except that the release paper (C1-3) was used instead of the release paper (C1-1), and the adhesive tape (C1-3A) provided with the release paper (C1-3) was used. ), (C1-3B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 1.0 N / 50 mm for (C1-3A) and 1.1 N / 50 mm for (C1-3B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 2-1]
One side of the kraft paper "Shinchoushi 1 Nip" (manufactured by Oji Paper Co., Ltd.) is corona-treated, and low-density polyethylene "Suntech-LD-L4490" manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals is laminated on the treated surface to a thickness of 25 μm. The surface of the density polyethylene was peeled with a cationically polymerizable UV-curable silicone-based release agent (Momentive, UV-curable silicone, TPR6500) to obtain a release paper (C2-1).
Adhesive tape provided with a release paper (C2-1) by adhering the adhesive surface on one side of the double-sided adhesive tape (Nitto Denko Co., Ltd., No. 5000NS) to the release-treated surface side of the obtained release paper (C2-1). (C2-1A) was obtained.
Adhesive tape provided with release paper (C2-1) by adhering the adhesive surface on one side of the double-sided adhesive tape (TW-Y01, manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) to the release-treated surface side of the obtained release paper (C2-1). (C2-1B) was obtained.
The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was a light peeling force of 0.2 N / 50 mm for both (C2-1A) and (C2-1B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 2-2]
A UV curable silicone release agent (Momentive, UV curable silicone, XS56-A2982) is used instead of the cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone release agent (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500). A release film (C2-2) was obtained by the same method as the method for obtaining the release paper (C2-1) in Comparative Example 2-1.
The same procedure as in Comparative Example 2-1 was performed except that the release paper (C2-2) was used instead of the release paper (C2-1), and the adhesive tape (C2-2A) provided with the release paper (C2-2) was used. ), (C2-2B) was obtained.
The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 1.0 N / 50 mm for (C2-2A) and 1.1 N / 50 mm for (C2-2B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 2-3]
Other than using a UV curable silicone release agent (Momentive, UV curable silicone, UV9430) instead of a cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone release agent (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500) Was carried out in the same manner as the method for obtaining the release paper (C2-1) to obtain the release paper (C2-3).
The same procedure as in Comparative Example 2-1 was performed except that the release paper (C2-3) was used instead of the release paper (C2-1), and the adhesive tape (C2-3A) provided with the release paper (C2-3) was used. ), (C2-3B) was obtained.
The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 1.0 N / 50 mm for (C2-3A) and 1.1 N / 50 mm for (C2-3B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 3-1]
The polyester film "Lumirror # 75" (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) is peeled off with a cationically polymerizable UV-curable silicone-based release agent (Momentive, UV-curable silicone, TPR6500) to remove the film (C3-1). Got
Adhesive tape provided with a release film (C3-1) by adhering the adhesive surface on one side of the double-sided adhesive tape (Nitto Denko Co., Ltd., No. 5000NS) to the release-treated surface side of the obtained release film (C3-1). (C3-1A) was obtained.
Adhesive tape provided with a release film (C3-1) by bonding the adhesive surface on one side of the double-sided adhesive tape (TW-Y01, manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) to the release-treated surface side of the obtained release film (C3-1). (C3-1B) was obtained.
The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was a light peeling force of 0.2 N / 50 mm for both (C3-1A) and (C3-1B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 3-2]
A UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive UV curable silicone, XS56-A2982) is used instead of the cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500). A release film (C3-2) was obtained by the same method as in the method for obtaining the release film (C3-1) in Comparative Example 3-1.
The same procedure as in Comparative Example 3-1 was performed except that the release film (C3-2) was used instead of the release film (C3-1), and the adhesive tape (C3-2A) provided with the release film (C3-2) was used. ), (C3-2B) was obtained. The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 1.0 N / 50 mm for (C3-2A) and 1.1 N / 50 mm for (C3-2B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 3-3]
Other than using a UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, UV9430) instead of a cationically polymerizable UV curable silicone stripper (Momentive, UV curable silicone, TPR6500) Was carried out in the same manner as the method for obtaining the release film (C3-1) in Comparative Example 3-1 to obtain a release film (C3-3).
The same procedure as in Comparative Example 3-1 was performed except that the release film (C3-3) was used instead of the release film (C3-1), and the adhesive tape (C3-3A) provided with the release film (C3-3) was used. ), (C3-3B). The peeling force of the obtained adhesive tape was 1.0 N / 50 mm for (C3-3A) and 1.1 N / 50 mm for (C3-3B).
The results are shown in Table 1.

The release film of the present invention can be used, for example, as an adhesive tape used for bonding various members such as optical members and electronic members.

10 Porous film 20 Base film 100 Release film 200 Adhesive layer 1000 Adhesive tape 2000 Resin plate 3000 Air blower

Claims (7)

An adhesive tape comprising a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a release film provided on at least one surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
The release film is
A release film having a porous film and a base film,
One of the outermost layers is the porous film,
The other of the outermost layer is the base film,
The thickness is 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm,
The density is 0.01 g / cm ³ to 5.0 g / cm ³ .
The surface roughness Sa of the surface of the porous film, which is the outermost layer, is 1.0 μm to 40 μm .
The porous film side of the release film is bonded to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
Adhesive tape . The adhesive tape according to claim 1, wherein the porous film has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm. The foam film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the porous film is a foam film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin foam, a polyester foam, a polyurethane foam, and a rubber-based foam as a constituent. Adhesive tape . The adhesive tape according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the base film has a thickness of 2 μm to 25 μm. The adhesive tape according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the base film is a plastic film. The adhesive tape according to claim 5, wherein the plastic film contains at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, an ethylene / propylene copolymer, an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, and polyester. Any of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the peeling force between the peeling film and the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 0.03N / 50mm to 1.1N / 50mm at a peeling angle of 180 degrees and a pulling speed of 300 mm / min. Adhesive tape described in.

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