JP4204340B2 - Lubricating oil for ultra-low sulfur internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Lubricating oil for ultra-low sulfur internal combustion engines Download PDF

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JP4204340B2
JP4204340B2 JP2003029498A JP2003029498A JP4204340B2 JP 4204340 B2 JP4204340 B2 JP 4204340B2 JP 2003029498 A JP2003029498 A JP 2003029498A JP 2003029498 A JP2003029498 A JP 2003029498A JP 4204340 B2 JP4204340 B2 JP 4204340B2
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oil
internal combustion
sulfur content
lubricating oil
ultra
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JP2004238514A (en
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康司 内藤
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Eneos Corp
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Japan Energy Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、硫黄分が少なく、かつ清浄性、耐摩耗性、酸化安定性及び腐食防止性に優れた内燃機関用潤滑油に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、エンジンには排出ガス中の環境汚染物質(SOxやNOxなど)の低減が強く求められている。今後更に低減を達成するにはエンジン自体からの低減はもとより、後処理装置を加えた全体システムによる低減が必要となってくる。NOxの排出を低減する後処理手段としてNOx低減触媒が検討されているが、これに用いられる触媒は排出ガス中の硫黄分により性能が大きく影響される。すなわち燃料及びエンジン油に含有している硫黄分がNOx低減触媒の性能を劣化させ長期間の使用が困難となる。排出ガスの一部として排出されるエンジン油の油消費量は、燃料消費量の約1/1000であると言われていることから、現状の平均的な硫黄含有量である0.5質量%硫黄分のエンジン油を用いた場合、燃料中の硫黄分を0としても、排出ガスに関与する油全体での硫黄分は5質量ppm程度となり、これが触媒に影響してしまう。
【0003】
エンジン油は0.5質量%前後の硫黄分を含有している。これらの硫黄分は、基油及び添加剤それぞれに含有されている。さらに、エンジン油の耐摩耗性を向上する添加剤としてジチオリン酸亜鉛(以下ZnDTP)が一般的に広く用いられている。ZnDTPは、通常リン量で0.1質量%程度添加され、この量のリン添加により硫黄分が0.2質量%入ってくる。したがって、NOx低減触媒の長寿命化を図るためには、ZnDTPの添加量を低減するか、あるいは添加しないことが求められる。
しかしながら、こうするとエンジン油としての耐摩耗性や酸化安定性などの実用性能を十分維持できないという問題が生じる。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、超低硫黄分でNOx低減触媒を搭載する内燃機関に好適に使用でき、かつ清浄性、耐摩耗性、酸化安定性及び腐食防止性に優れた内燃機関用潤滑油を提供することを課題とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を進め、特定の基油と添加剤を組み合わせることで、従来のエンジン油の1/10以下である硫黄分500ppm以下の低硫黄分エンジン油が製造できるか検討を行った。その結果、基油として硫黄分100ppm以下の鉱油及び又は合成油を用い、添加剤としてCaサリシレート又はMgサリシレートの内少なくとも一つを添加し、かつリン酸エステルとポリサルファニルチアジアゾールを添加することで硫黄分500ppm以下の超低硫黄分内燃機関用潤滑油が得られ、上記課題を解決することを見いだした。本発明はかかる知見に基づきなされたものである。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明は、硫黄分100ppm以下の鉱油系基油及び/又は合成油基油に、Caサリシレート及び/又はMgサリシレート、リン酸エステル、及びポリサルファニルチアジアゾールを含有させた硫黄分500ppm以下の超低硫黄分内燃機関用潤滑油である。
ポリサルファニルチアジアゾールは、潤滑油全質量基準で、0.02〜0.1質量%含有させることが好ましく、また、リン酸エステルとしてはトリフェニルホスフェートを用いることが好ましい。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明における硫黄分100ppm以下の鉱油系基油は、ワックスの水素化異性化して得られた異性化油、あるいは重質油の水素化分解で得られた分解油の適当な留分を溶剤脱ロウまたは水素化脱ロウすることにより得ることができる。このようにして得られた鉱油系基油は、単独で、あるいは複数の鉱油を混合した基油を使用することができる。硫黄分は、単独で、あるいは複数の鉱油を混合して基油としたとき、100ppm以下、好ましくは80ppm以下、より好ましくは50ppm以下であればよく、少ないほど好ましく、添加剤配合のフレキシビリティも広がる。
【0008】
また、合成油基油としては、αオレフインのオリゴマー、アジピン酸などの二塩基酸とモノオールから合成されるジエステル、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトールなどのポリオールと1価塩基酸から合成されるポリオールエステル、アルキルベンゼン及びこれらの混合油等が使用できる。上記合成油基油は、通常硫黄分を含有していない。
さらに、鉱油系基油と合成油基油とを適宜混合して用いることもできる。鉱油系基油と合成油基油とを混合したものも、硫黄分100ppm以下については、複数の鉱油を混合した鉱油系基油の場合と同様である。
【0009】
本発明に使用するCaサリシレート及びMgサリシレートは市販されている添加剤を用いることができ、Caサリシレートについては、Ca含有量が2.0〜12質量%、全塩基価(JIS K2501規定の過塩素酸法)が60〜330 mgKOH/gのものが好適である。また、Mgサリシレートについては、Mg含有量5.0〜10.0質量%、全塩基価(JIS K2501規定の過塩素酸法)が250〜450 mgKOH/g程度のものが好ましく使用できる。
Caサリシレート及び/又はMgサリシレートの添加量は、基油100質量部に対して0.5〜5.0質量%添加することが好ましく、いわゆる清浄分散剤として、スラッジの生成抑制と分散をはかる。
【0010】
本発明に使用するリン酸エステルは、次の一般式(1)で示される化合物である。
【化1】

Figure 0004204340
式中、Rは、炭素数3〜10の炭化水素基、フェニル基、又はフェニル基の1〜3個の水素原子がメチル基及び/又はエチル基で置換された芳香族炭化水素基であり、3個のRは同一であっても、1〜3個が異なっていてもよい。好ましい化合物として、具体的には、トリブチルホスフェート、トリフェニルホスフェート、トリクレジルホスフェート、トリキシレニルホスフェート等が挙げら、中でもトリフェニルホスフェートが好ましい。
【0011】
リン酸エステルは、潤滑油全質量基準で、リン量として10〜1000質量ppm、特には、10〜500質量ppm添加することが好ましく、耐摩耗性の機能向上に資する。10質量ppm未満では所望の効果が得られない。一方、1000質量ppmを超えて添加しても、添加量の増加に見合う効果の向上が認められず、さらに、排出ガス中のリン化合物の量が増加してNOx低減触媒の寿命に悪影響を及ぼすこともある。
【0012】
本発明に使用するポリサルファニルチアジアゾールは、次の一般式(2)で示される化合物である。
【化2】
Figure 0004204340
式中、R’は炭素数3〜18の炭化水素基、Xは2〜6の正数を示し、2個のR’及び2個のXは、それぞれ同一であっても、異なっていてもよい。
添加量は、潤滑油全質量基準で、0.02〜0.1質量%が好ましく、0.02質量%を下回ると腐食防止性が悪化し、0.1質量%を越えると硫黄分が増大してしまう。
【0013】
本発明の超低硫黄分内燃機関用潤滑油は、上記の基油、Caサリシレート及び/又はMgサリシレート、リン酸エステル及びポリサルファニルチアジアゾールからなるものであるが、環境汚染物質(SOxやNOxなど)排出の低減、NOx低減触媒の長寿命化を図るために、含有される硫黄分を500ppm以下とする。
【0014】
さらに、本発明の内燃機関用潤滑油には、エンジン油として通常用いられるコハク酸イミド、コハク酸エステル、ヒドロキシベンジルアミン等の分散剤、フェノール系、アミン系等の酸化防止剤、オレフィンコポリマー、ポリメタクリレート等の粘度指数向上剤及びシリコーン系等の消泡剤、流動点降下剤等を適宜添加できる。
【0015】
【実施例】
次に、実施例及び比較例により本発明を具体的に説明する。
【0016】
硫黄分100ppmの以下の基油は、下記の方法で得た。沸点400〜550℃のスラックワックスをNi-Mo担持アルミナ触媒の存在下に、水素分圧80kg/cm、温度390℃、LHSV 0.5Hr-1の反応条件で水素化異性化した。得られた異性化油を蒸留し、350℃以下の留分を留去して得られた留分を、MEK/トルエン混合溶媒を用いて-20℃で溶剤脱蝋して基油1を得た。得られた基油1の性状を表1に示す。また、通常用いられる硫黄分100ppm以上の基油(基油2及び基油3)についても併せて表1に示す。
【0017】
【表1】
Figure 0004204340
【0018】
表2に示すような割合で、表1の基油及び添加剤を混合して、実施例1及び2並びに比較例1〜5のエンジン油を調製し、各エンジン油について、その性状、動粘度(40℃及び100℃)粘度指数及び硫黄分を測定した。
【0019】
【表2】
Figure 0004204340
【0020】
表2に示す内燃機関用潤滑油組成物について、下記の評価を実施しエンジン油としての性能を確認した。その結果を表3に示す。
清浄性:TD25清浄性試験方法(JASO M336)
動弁系摩耗防止性:4D34T4動弁系摩耗試験方法(JASO M354)
酸化安定性試験:1GFE高温酸化安定性試験方法(JASO M333)
腐食防止性:High Temperature Corrosion Bench Test(ASTM D6594)
【0021】
【表3】
Figure 0004204340
【0022】
実施例1は、硫黄分は高いがディーゼルエンジン油として実績のある比較例1と比較して同等以上のエンジン油性能を示している。さらに、ポリサルフアニルチアジアゾールを増添した実施例2は、硫黄分が若干増加するが、より良好な腐食防止性を示した。
【0023】
比較例2は、比較例1からZnDTPを除去したものであるが、硫黄分は低減されるが清浄性試験でのリング膠着の発生、腐食防止性の悪化が認められた。また、実施例1のポリサルフアニルチアジアゾールを除去した比較例3、ポリサルファニルチアジアゾールを0.01質量%添加した比較例4及びポリサルフアニルチアジアゾールに替えてベンゾトリアゾール誘導体を添加した比較例5はいずれも腐食防止性の悪化、特にはPbの著しい溶出増が認められた。
【0024】
以上の結果から明らかなように、基油として硫黄分100ppm以下の鉱油及び/又は合成油を用い、添加剤としてCaサリシレート及び/又はMgサリシレートを添加し、かつリン酸エステルとポリサルファニルチアジアゾールを添加することで、硫黄分500ppm以下の、実用性能に優れた超低硫黄分内燃機関用潤滑油が得られることが確認された。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
以上のような本発明の超低硫黄分内燃機関用潤滑油は、従来のエンジン油の1/10以下の硫黄含有量でありながら、清浄性、耐摩耗性、酸化安定性及び腐食防止性に優れた内燃機関用潤滑油で、NOx低減触媒が装着された内燃機関の低排出ガス特性を長期間に渡って持続できるという格別の効果を奏する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lubricating oil for an internal combustion engine having a low sulfur content and excellent cleanliness, wear resistance, oxidation stability, and corrosion resistance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, there has been a strong demand for engines to reduce environmental pollutants (SOx, NOx, etc.) in exhaust gas. In order to achieve further reduction in the future, it will be necessary to reduce not only from the engine itself, but also from the entire system including an aftertreatment device. NOx reduction catalysts have been studied as post-treatment means for reducing NOx emissions, but the performance of the catalyst used for this is greatly influenced by the sulfur content in the exhaust gas. That is, the sulfur content contained in the fuel and engine oil deteriorates the performance of the NOx reduction catalyst, making it difficult to use for a long time. The oil consumption of engine oil discharged as part of the exhaust gas is said to be about 1/1000 of the fuel consumption, so the current average sulfur content is 0.5 mass% sulfur content When the engine oil is used, even if the sulfur content in the fuel is zero, the sulfur content in the entire oil involved in the exhaust gas is about 5 ppm by mass, which affects the catalyst.
[0003]
Engine oil contains about 0.5% by mass of sulfur. These sulfur contents are contained in the base oil and the additive, respectively. Furthermore, zinc dithiophosphate (hereinafter ZnDTP) is generally widely used as an additive for improving the wear resistance of engine oil. ZnDTP is usually added in an amount of about 0.1% by mass of phosphorus, and 0.2% by mass of sulfur is added by adding this amount of phosphorus. Therefore, in order to extend the life of the NOx reduction catalyst, it is required to reduce the amount of ZnDTP added or not.
However, this causes a problem that practical performance such as wear resistance and oxidation stability as engine oil cannot be sufficiently maintained.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides a lubricating oil for an internal combustion engine that can be suitably used for an internal combustion engine equipped with a NOx reduction catalyst with an ultra-low sulfur content and that is excellent in cleanliness, wear resistance, oxidation stability, and corrosion resistance. Is an issue.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has intensively studied to solve the above problems, and by combining a specific base oil and an additive, a low sulfur engine oil having a sulfur content of 500 ppm or less, which is 1/10 or less of a conventional engine oil. It was examined whether can be manufactured. As a result, by using mineral oil and / or synthetic oil with a sulfur content of 100 ppm or less as the base oil, adding at least one of Ca salicylate or Mg salicylate as an additive, and adding phosphate ester and polysulfanyl thiadiazole It was found that a lubricating oil for an internal combustion engine having an ultra-low sulfur content with a sulfur content of 500 ppm or less was obtained, which solved the above problems. The present invention has been made based on such findings.
[0006]
That is, the present invention is a mineral oil base oil and / or synthetic oil base oil having a sulfur content of 100 ppm or less, containing Ca salicylate and / or Mg salicylate, phosphate ester, and polysulfanyl thiadiazole having a sulfur content of 500 ppm or less. It is a lubricating oil for an ultra-low sulfur internal combustion engine.
The polysulfanyl thiadiazole is preferably contained in an amount of 0.02 to 0.1% by mass based on the total mass of the lubricating oil, and it is preferable to use triphenyl phosphate as the phosphate ester.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, a mineral base oil having a sulfur content of 100 ppm or less is obtained by solvent removal of an appropriate fraction of isomerized oil obtained by hydroisomerization of wax or cracked oil obtained by hydrocracking heavy oil. It can be obtained by wax or hydrodewaxing. The mineral base oil thus obtained can be used alone or a base oil obtained by mixing a plurality of mineral oils. The sulfur content may be 100 ppm or less, preferably 80 ppm or less, more preferably 50 ppm or less when used alone or as a base oil by mixing a plurality of mineral oils, and it is preferably as low as possible. spread.
[0008]
Synthetic oil base oils are synthesized from α-olefin oligomers, diesters synthesized from dibasic acids such as adipic acid and monools, polyols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and monovalent basic acids. Polyol esters, alkylbenzenes, and mixed oils thereof can be used. The synthetic oil base oil usually does not contain a sulfur content.
Further, a mineral oil base oil and a synthetic oil base oil can be appropriately mixed and used. The mixture of the mineral oil base oil and the synthetic oil base oil is the same as the case of the mineral base oil obtained by mixing a plurality of mineral oils with a sulfur content of 100 ppm or less.
[0009]
Commercially available additives can be used for the Ca salicylate and Mg salicylate used in the present invention. The Ca salicylate has a Ca content of 2.0 to 12% by mass, a total base number (perchloric acid method defined in JIS K2501). ) Of 60 to 330 mgKOH / g is preferred. As the Mg salicylate, those having an Mg content of 5.0 to 10.0 mass% and a total base number (perchloric acid method defined in JIS K2501) of about 250 to 450 mgKOH / g can be preferably used.
The addition amount of Ca salicylate and / or Mg salicylate is preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base oil, and as a so-called detergent dispersant, sludge generation is suppressed and dispersed.
[0010]
The phosphate ester used in the present invention is a compound represented by the following general formula (1).
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0004204340
In the formula, R is an aromatic hydrocarbon group in which 1 to 3 hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a phenyl group are substituted with a methyl group and / or an ethyl group, Three R may be the same, or 1-3 may be different. Specific examples of preferable compounds include tributyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, and the like. Among them, triphenyl phosphate is preferable.
[0011]
The phosphoric acid ester is preferably added in an amount of 10 to 1000 ppm by mass, particularly 10 to 500 ppm by mass, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil, and contributes to the improvement of the wear resistance function. If it is less than 10 ppm by mass, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, even if added in excess of 1000 ppm by mass, no improvement in the effect commensurate with the increase in the amount added was observed, and the amount of phosphorus compound in the exhaust gas increased, adversely affecting the life of the NOx reduction catalyst. Sometimes.
[0012]
The polysulfanyl thiadiazole used in the present invention is a compound represented by the following general formula (2).
[Chemical formula 2]
Figure 0004204340
In the formula, R ′ represents a hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, X represents a positive number of 2 to 6, and two R ′ and two X may be the same or different. Good.
The amount added is preferably 0.02 to 0.1% by mass based on the total mass of the lubricating oil. If the amount is less than 0.02% by mass, the corrosion resistance deteriorates, and if it exceeds 0.1% by mass, the sulfur content increases.
[0013]
The lubricating oil for an ultra-low sulfur internal combustion engine of the present invention is composed of the above base oil, Ca salicylate and / or Mg salicylate, phosphoric ester and polysulfanyl thiadiazole, but environmental pollutants (SOx, NOx, etc.) ) To reduce emissions and extend the life of NOx-reducing catalysts, the sulfur content should be 500 ppm or less.
[0014]
Furthermore, the lubricating oil for internal combustion engines of the present invention includes dispersants such as succinimide, succinic acid ester and hydroxybenzylamine, which are usually used as engine oils, phenolic and amine antioxidants, olefin copolymers, Viscosity index improvers such as methacrylate, silicone-based antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, and the like can be added as appropriate.
[0015]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
[0016]
The following base oil having a sulfur content of 100 ppm was obtained by the following method. Slack wax having a boiling point of 400 to 550 ° C. was hydroisomerized in the presence of a Ni—Mo supported alumina catalyst under the reaction conditions of hydrogen partial pressure 80 kg / cm 2 , temperature 390 ° C., and LHSV 0.5Hr −1 . The obtained isomerized oil was distilled, and the fraction obtained by distilling a fraction of 350 ° C. or lower was subjected to solvent dewaxing at −20 ° C. using a MEK / toluene mixed solvent to obtain base oil 1. It was. Table 1 shows the properties of the base oil 1 obtained. Table 1 also shows commonly used base oils (base oil 2 and base oil 3) having a sulfur content of 100 ppm or more.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004204340
[0018]
The base oil and additive of Table 1 are mixed in the ratio as shown in Table 2, and the engine oil of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1-5 is prepared, About each engine oil, the property, kinematic viscosity (40 ° C. and 100 ° C.) Viscosity index and sulfur content were measured.
[0019]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004204340
[0020]
About the lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines shown in Table 2, the following evaluation was implemented and the performance as an engine oil was confirmed. The results are shown in Table 3.
Cleanliness: TD25 cleanliness test method (JASO M336)
Valve system wear prevention: 4D34T4 Valve system wear test method (JASO M354)
Oxidation stability test: 1GFE high temperature oxidation stability test method (JASO M333)
Corrosion prevention: High Temperature Corrosion Bench Test (ASTM D6594)
[0021]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004204340
[0022]
Example 1 shows an engine oil performance equal to or higher than that of Comparative Example 1 which has a high sulfur content but has a proven record as a diesel engine oil. Furthermore, in Example 2 in which polysulfanyl thiadiazole was added, the sulfur content was slightly increased, but better corrosion resistance was exhibited.
[0023]
In Comparative Example 2, ZnDTP was removed from Comparative Example 1, but the sulfur content was reduced, but the occurrence of ring sticking in the cleanliness test and the deterioration of corrosion resistance were observed. Further, Comparative Example 3 in which polysulfanil thiadiazole was removed in Example 1, Comparative Example 4 in which 0.01% by mass of polysulfanyl thiadiazole was added, and Comparative Example 5 in which a benzotriazole derivative was added instead of polysulfanyl thiadiazole were all included. Deterioration of corrosion resistance, especially significant increase in Pb elution was observed.
[0024]
As is clear from the above results, mineral oil and / or synthetic oil with a sulfur content of 100 ppm or less is used as the base oil, Ca salicylate and / or Mg salicylate is added as an additive, and phosphate ester and polysulfanyl thiadiazole are added. It was confirmed that by adding this, a lubricating oil for an ultra-low sulfur content internal combustion engine having a sulfur content of 500 ppm or less and excellent in practical performance can be obtained.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
The lubricating oil for an ultra-low sulfur internal combustion engine of the present invention as described above has cleanliness, wear resistance, oxidation stability, and corrosion resistance while having a sulfur content of 1/10 or less of conventional engine oil. This is an excellent lubricating oil for internal combustion engines, and has the special effect that the low exhaust gas characteristics of an internal combustion engine equipped with a NOx reduction catalyst can be maintained over a long period of time.

Claims (3)

硫黄分100ppm以下の鉱油系基油及び/又は合成油基油に、Caサリシレート及び/又はMgサリシレート、リン酸エステル、及びポリサルファニルチアジアゾールを含有させたことを特徴とする硫黄分500ppm以下の超低硫黄分内燃機関用潤滑油。Mineral oil base oil and / or synthetic oil base oil having a sulfur content of 100 ppm or less, Ca salicylate and / or Mg salicylate, phosphate ester, and polysulfanylthiadiazole are contained. Low sulfur content internal combustion engine lubricant. ポリサルファニルチアジアゾールを、潤滑油全質量基準で、0.02〜0.1質量%含有させた請求項1に記載の超低硫黄分内燃機関用潤滑油。The lubricating oil for an ultra-low sulfur internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the polysulfanil thiadiazole is contained in an amount of 0.02 to 0.1% by mass based on the total mass of the lubricating oil. リン酸エステルがトリフェニルホスフェートである請求項1また2に記載の超低硫黄分内燃機関用潤滑油。The lubricating oil for an ultra-low sulfur internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the phosphate ester is triphenyl phosphate.
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