JP3677629B2

JP3677629B2 - Anti-slip surface structure

Info

Publication number: JP3677629B2
Application number: JP2002123218A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 杉晃草竹
Original assignee: 杉晃草竹
Priority date: 1998-11-05
Filing date: 2002-03-20
Publication date: 2005-08-03
Anticipated expiration: 2019-11-05
Also published as: JP2003052403A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、各種物品又は構造物における滑り防止表面構造に関するものであって、具体的には、サンダル、スリッパ、靴等の履物の底、車両等のタイヤ類、玄関、浴室の洗い場、厨房、プールサイド等に敷かれるマットやシート類の敷物類、階段の踏板、床材、タイル、ハンドルのグリップ、手袋又は手摺り等の表面の滑りをより一層効果的に防止できるようにした滑り防止表面構造に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、滑り防止表面構造を採用している履物の底２０′、例えて靴底としては、図２３に示す如く、前方踏み付け部２２′、土踏まず部２３′及び踵部２４′からなり、接地面に当接する任意形状の凸部２１′を形成した前方踏み付け部２２′の母指球部２５′近傍部位に、外側方向踏み出し溝と内側方向踏み出し溝からなる屈曲溝２６′を交差状に設けたスポーツシューズ用靴底において、前記屈曲溝２６′に滑り止め用の平面視真円形の突起２′を設けたスポーツシューズ用靴底が知られている。
【０００３】
又、滑り防止表面構造を採用しているタイヤ３０′としては、図２４に示す如く、タイヤの周方向に連続して延在する３本の主溝３１′を持ち、該主溝３１′を含む複数の周方向溝とタイヤの幅方向に向き、且つ主溝３１′と同等以下の溝深さを有する複数の副溝３２′によって区切られた平面視台形乃至平行四辺形をなす略四角形のブロック３３′をタイヤ周方向に複数個配置するとともに、該ブロック３３′内に極めて狭い狭溝３４′を有し、しかもブロック３３′の周方向の長さ、幅方向の長さ及び狭溝３４′の深さの関係が特定の式を満足するようにしたものがある。
【０００４】
又、滑り防止表面構造を採用しているシート・マット４０′としては、図２５に示す如く、その表裏面に略十文字形の突起２′を複数個設けて網目状の凹凸幾何学的形状を付与し、その突起２′を取り囲む部分を排水溝４１′となすとともに、該排水溝４１′の適所にも小円形の突起２′を設けたものが知られている。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このように、滑り防止表面構造を採用している従来の靴底、タイヤ及びシート・マットにあっては、それらの表面及び／又は裏面に設けられる突起はいずれも平面視真円形又は台形乃至平行四辺形の略四角形、或いは棒状、略Ｙ字状、及び略十文字状等、その周縁部が直線状に連設されたものが殆どであり、意匠的に平凡であるうえに、各突起の周縁部の周長がその表面積に対して短いので、該表面に体重又は車重が負荷された場合に、前記周縁部と接触面との摩擦抵抗が小さいという問題点があった。
【０００６】
本発明は、上記の如き従来の問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、滑り防止表面構造を具備する各種物品又は構造物として、例えば履物の底やタイヤの表面粗度を大きくして滑りやすい場所においても人や車両等のスリップ防止効果を高めるとともに、外観形態が非常に躍動感に溢れ、意匠的にも優れた履物の底及びタイヤを提供することを課題とする。
更に、本発明は、滑りやすい場所、例えて玄関、浴室の洗い場、厨房、プールサイド等に敷かれるシート・マット、階段の踏板、床材やタイルなどの表面粗度を大きくして人等のスリップ防止効果を高めるとともに、外観形態が非常に躍動感に溢れ、意匠的にも優れたシート・マット、階段の踏板、床材やタイルなどを提供することを課題とする。
【０００７】
又、本発明は把持部、例えてハンドルのグリップ、手袋及び手摺りなどの表面粗度を大きくしてそれらの表面でのスリップ防止効果を高めるとともに、外観形態が非常に躍動感に溢れ、意匠的にも優れた把持部の表面構造を提供することを課題とする。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため本発明に係る滑り防止表面構造は、履物の底２０、タイヤ３０、シート・マット４０、階段の踏板５０、床材６０、タイル７０、ハンドルのグリップ８０、手袋９０又は手摺り１００の表面に、その外形に沿って多数の突起を配してなる突起群の一部又は全部がその上面に凹状部４及び／又は凸状部８を設けた方向性を有する形状のアメーバ形突起３からなるとともに、該アメーバ形突起３の配列方向におけるアメーバ形突起３の方向性を決める軸としての長手方向の中心線が、相隣るアメーバ形突起３の長手方向の中心線とは互いに方向が異なるべく、各アメーバ形突起３が上記中心線の中点を中心として順次適宜角度ずつ回転して配列されてなることを特徴とする。
【０００９】
ここで、“方向性を有する形状のアメーバ形”とは、平面視において真円形を除き、その全周を曲線状に連設してなる閉じた形状で、例えて略楕円形、略たまご形、略ひょうたん形、略だるま形、略８の字形、略Ｘ字形、略Ｙ字形や、該略楕円形、略たまご形、略ひょうたん形、略だるま形、略８の字形における長手方向の中心線としての長軸及び略Ｘ字形、略Ｙ字形、略海星形における各軸線が曲線状に屈曲した形状等をいい、又、方向性を決める軸とは、前記各形状における長軸（略Ｘ字形、略Ｙ字形、略海星形においては最も長い軸線）を意味するものである。
【００１０】
上記構成からなる滑り防止表面構造において、履物の底２０及びタイヤ３０にあっては、それらが路面等に接触する際、突起がアメーバ形をなし、且つ該アメーバ形突起３が方向性を有するために、その周縁部の周線が従来の平面視真円形又は台形乃至平行四辺形の略四角形状等、その周縁を直線状に連設しているものに比して長いので、履物の底２０及びタイヤ３０の素材が硬い場合はエッジ効果により、また、軟らかい場合は接地面積の増大により、路面等の接地面とのより大きな接触（滑り）抵抗が生じることとなり、人や車両等のスリップ防止効果が高められる。
又、アメーバ形突起３の配列方向におけるアメーバ形突起３の方向性を決める軸としての長手方向の中心線が、相隣るアメーバ形突起３の長手方向の中心線とは互いに方向が異なるべく、各アメーバ形突起３…が上記中心線の中点を中心として順次適宜角度ずつ回転して配列されてなるため、履物の底２０及びタイヤ３０が接地面とどのような方向で接触してもアメーバ形突起３の周縁部は、各アメーバ形突起３…毎に夫々その形態が異なるとともに、各アメーバ形突起３…の相対距離が突起間毎に相違することとなり、接地面との接触が様々な方向に様々な距離をもって生じるから、履物の底２０及びタイヤ３０は接地面からより大きな摩擦（滑り）抵抗を得ることができる。
更に、前記アメーバ形突起３の上面には凹状部４及び／又は凸状部８が設けられ、該凹状部４及び／又は凸状部８の周縁部にあっても接地面との接触（滑り）抵抗が生じるので、前記アメーバ形突起３による接触抵抗と凹状部４及び／又は凸状部８の接触抵抗とが相俟って接地面との摩擦（滑り）抵抗がさらに増大することとなり、より大きなスリップ防止効果が得られる。
【００１１】
前記構成からなる滑り防止表面構造が、シート・マット４０、階段の踏板５０、床材６０、タイル７０、ハンドルのグリップ８０、手袋９０又は手摺り１００である場合にあっても、前記履物の底２０及びタイヤ３０と同様に、アメーバ形を呈する突起の周縁形状、該アメーバ形突起３の方向性を決める軸が互いに異なっている配列、さらに、その上面に設けられた凹状部４又は凸状部８によって、被接触物が如何なる場合にあっても、かかる表面構造が大きな摩擦（滑り）抵抗を発揮して、その接触部におけるスリップ防止効果を向上せしめるものである。
【００１２】
また、本発明に係る滑り防止表面構造は、請求項２記載の如く、アメーバ形突起３の上面に、アメーバ形突起３の内部に向けて下がり傾斜面１５を複数個設けることにより内部凸状部８′が複数個連設形成されてなる構成を採用することができる。
換言すれば、アメーバ形突起３の上面に凸状部８を設ける代わりにアメーバ形突起３の内部に向けて下がり傾斜面１５を設けることにより内部凸状部８′を形成させるものである。
かかる構成からなる滑り防止表面構造にあっては、内部凸状部８′は凸状部８と同様、内部凸状部８′の周縁部７′による接触抵抗を生じ、アメーバ形突起３による接触抵抗に加えて大きなスリップ防止効果を発揮する。しかも、下がり傾斜面１５を複数個設けることにより、そのスリップ防止効果はその個数分だけ増大するとともに、下がり傾斜面１５を複数個設けることで形成される複数個の内部凸状部８′を連続させると、その周縁部７′が角立ち全体として鋸歯状を呈するため、極めて大きな接触（滑り）抵抗が発生する。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面を参酌しつつ説明する。
２０は、図１（イ）及び（ロ）に示す如く、本実施形態の一例に係るゴム等の弾性体からなる表面層を具備する履物の底であって、該履物の底２０は、前方踏み付け部２２、土踏まず部２３及び踵部２４とからなり、前方踏み付け部２２は突条体１２が周回状に突設され、更に突条体１２により最先端部とその他の部分に領域が分割されている。
前方踏み付け部２２の最先端部には、真円突起２が爪先形状に沿って１列配され、前方踏み付け部２２のその他の部分には、たまご形のアメーバ形突起３が周回状の突条体１２に沿って１列配されるとともに、該アメーバ形突起３の内側には、六角形の多角突起９及び外側のたまご形のアメーバ形突起３よりも小径のたまご形のアメーバ形突起３の順で配され、略中心部にアメーバ形状のアメーバ形突起３ｎが配されている。
踵部２４も周回状に突条体１２が突設され、該突条体１２に沿ってその内側にたまご形のアメーバ形突起３及び六角形の多角突起９がその順で各１列配され、略中心部にアメーバ形状のアメーバ形突起３ｎが配されている。
ここで、たまご形のアメーバ形突起３は、その方向性を決める軸が互いに異なるように配され、また、該アメーバ形突起３及び真円突起２の夫々の上面に平面視真円形の凹状部４又は凸状部８が各突起３又は２自体の中心より偏位して設けられている。更に、アメーバ形突起３ｎの上面には平面視アメーバ形状の凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられている。
【００１４】
図２は、他の履物の底２０を示す第二実施形態であって、その履物の底２０は、前方踏み付け部２２、土踏まず部２３及び踵部２４の外周が突条体１２によって囲繞され、該突条体１２に沿うように、たまご形のアメーバ形突起３が環状に２列配されるとともに、前方踏み付け部２２の略中心部にはＹ字形のアメーバ形突起３ｋが、又、前方踏み付け部２２と土踏まず部２３の境界付近にアメーバ形状のアメーバ形突起３ｎが配され、更に、残余の分に大小様々な径をなす多数のたまご形のアメーバ形突起３を全面的に設けて底面を形成してなる。
また、たまご形のアメーバ形突起３上面には、それ自体の中心より偏位して平面視真円形の凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられ、アメーバ形突起３ｋ及び３ｎの上面には夫々平面視略Ｙ字形又はアメーバ形状の凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられている。
尚、上記各実施形態では履物の底を対象としているが、これに限定されず、履物の上面及び／又は底にも同様に実施可能である。
【００１５】
ここで、図３においてアメーバ形突起３の配列方法について詳述する。相隣るアメーバ形突起３…は、その方向性を決める軸が互いに異なるように配列されてなるもので、本実施形態の一例においても、順次方向性が異なるようにして配されている。
夫々外形に沿って突起群を形成するアメーバ形突起３は、たまご形の方向性を決める軸としての長手方向の中心線、すなわち、長軸Ｘが相隣るアメーバ形突起３の長軸Ｘとは方向が互いに異なるように順次配されているもので、更に詳しくは、アメーバ形突起３の長軸Ｘの中点Ｙを中心として、該中点Ｙと例えば履物の底２０の前方踏み付け部２２や踵部２４等の中心とを結ぶ線Ｚに対して順次一定角度（本実施形態では３６度）ずつ回転して配されている。
【００１６】
従って、例えば前方踏み付け部２２の各アメーバ形突起３…は、前方踏み付け部２２の中心を基点として回動する前記線Ｚ上で回転するため、図３における外側の突起群において角度Ａ１が３６度、角度Ａ２が７２度、角度Ａ３が１０８度となり、また、中央の突起群において角度Ｂ１が１８度（３６度の１／２から始まる）、角度Ｂ２が５４度、角度Ｂ３が９０度となり、夫々アメーバ形突起３が同様に回転しつつ、前方踏み付け部２２の表面を周回することとなるものである。
【００１７】
本発明において、上記実施形態にあっては、アメーバ形突起３として楕円形に類する平面視略たまご形等のものを例示したが、アメーバ形突起とは平面視において真円形を除きその全周を曲線状に連設してなる形状をいい、例えば図４において長手方向の中心線を長軸Ｘとなす、３とした略たまご形、３ａとした略楕円形、３ｂとした略だるま形、３ｃとした略ひょうたん形、３ｄとした略８の字形や該略たまご形３、略楕円形３ａ、略だるま形３ｂ、略ひょうたん形３ｃ、略８の字形３ｄにおける長軸Ｘが曲線状に屈曲してなる突起３ｅ乃至３ｉ、又、複数の軸線を夫々曲線状に屈曲してなる略Ｘ字形３ｊ、略Ｙ字形３ｋ、略海星形３ｌや外周線を自在に変化させる本来のアメーバ形状３ｎの突起等があり、更に、突起の方向性を決める軸とは、前記各形状における長軸Ｘ（略Ｘ字形３ｊ、略Ｙ字形３ｋ、略海星形３ｌ及びアメーバ形状３ｎにおいては最も長い軸線）を意味するものである。
前記各アメーバ形突起の上面には凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられているが、その平面形状は、例えて、真円形、略たまご形、略楕円形、略だるま形、略ひょうたん形、略８の字形、略弓形、略Ｘ字形、略Ｙ字形や本来のアメーバ形状又はそれらの変形形状等がある。
【００１８】
本実施形態に係る滑り防止表面構造は、以上の構成からなるものであるが、かかる履物の底２０を一例として、歩行者の靴底に発生する摩擦や滑り抵抗等の態様を以下に説明する。
履物の底２０に設けた突起群を形成する突起が、上面に凹状部４又は凸状部８を設けた方向性を有するアメーバ形で、且つ、その方向性を決める軸が互いに異なる（相隣る突起が順次方向性が異なる）ように配列したことにより、歩行者が何れの方向に歩行しても路面等に接触するアメーバ形突起並びにその上面の凹状部４又は凸状部８の方向は、各アメーバ形突起毎に夫々異なるから、履物の底２０は路面等との接触から十分な摩擦（滑り）抵抗を受けることができる。
また、アメーバ形突起の平面視が方向性を有する形状、例えて、たまご形３、略だるま形３ｂ、略ひょうたん形３ｃ等に形成されることで、突起周縁部の周線の長さが長くなるとともに、該突起の上面に設けた凹状部４及び／又は凸状部８の周縁部の周線が更に付加されて周線全体の長さが極めて長くなるという利点をも有する。尚、上記突起及び凹状部４又は凸状部８の周線の長さは、図４に示す如く突起の平面形状がたまご形３からその外周線を自在に屈曲させてなる本来のアメーバ形状３ｎに変形する程長くなるから、該長い周縁部７，７′による摩擦（滑り）抵抗も著しく増大するという特長がある。
【００１９】
また、履物の底２０の突起群を形成するアメーバ形突起が内外に対して所謂ちどり状に配されるとともに、その表面積が夫々異なっているので路面等とアメーバ形突起との接触面積が増大し、且つ接触角度が更に変化するため、より大きな接触抵抗及び摩擦（滑り）抵抗が得られる。
なお、突起群或いは各突起自体の高さを相違させることにより、履物の底２０の表面粗度が更に増すから、十分なノンスリップ効果を得ることができる。
【００２０】
図５（イ）及び（ロ）は、第三実施形態としてのタイヤ３０であって、その表面が４本の突条体１２によって区画されることで周方向に主溝３１が３本設けられ、該主溝３１内にはその長軸が曲線状に屈曲してなるアメーバ形突起３ｆが周方向に設けられることで幅方向に３個配されるとともに、両側の突条体１２の外側にはたまご形のアメーバ形突起３が設けられ、且つ夫々その配列方向（タイヤ周方向）に相隣るアメーバ形突起３ｆ又は３は、その方向性を決める軸が互いに異なるように配されている。詳しくは上記と略同様に、相隣るアメーバ形突起３ｆ又は３は、順次方向性が異なるべく配されている（方向性を決める軸としての長手方向の中心線の中点を中心として順次適宜角度ずつ回転している）。また、アメーバ形突起３ｆ及び３の各々の上面には、アメーバ形又は真円形の凹状部４又は凸状部８が各突起３自体の中心より偏位して設けられている。
ここで、周方向に夫々隣接するアメーバ形突起３ｆ相互間及びアメーバ形突起３相互間が副溝３２を形成している。
【００２１】
図６は、他のタイヤ３０を示す第四実施形態であって、その表面に設けられた３本の主溝３１内には、周方向に略Ｘ字形のアメーバ形突起３ｊが設けられるとともに、その両側にはたまご形のアメーバ形突起３が配されている。又、アメーバ形突起３ｊの上面には平面視略Ｘ字形のアメーバ形の凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられ、且つアメーバ形突起３上面の凹状部４又は凸状部８は、該突起３自体の中心より偏位して設けられている。
尚、第三及び第四実施形態では主溝３１を３本設けているが、主溝３１の数はこれに限定されず任意に設定可能であり、また、アメーバ形突起３ｊ又は３の上面に更に狭溝を設けて排水及びエッジ効果を付与してもよい。また、本実施形態ではタイヤトレッドを対象としているが、この他にタイヤチェーン、クローラーベルト等の弾性材料を対象としてもよい。
【００２２】
図７（イ）乃至（ハ）は、第五実施形態としてのシート・マット４０であって、その表面に略勾玉形のアメーバ形突起３ｅ′が縦に９個、次に真円突起２が縦に９個と交互に配され、突起群が合計９列形成されている。配列方向（主として縦方向）に相隣る略勾玉形のアメーバ形突起３ｅ′はその方向性を決める軸が互いに異なる（順次方向性が異なる）ように配され、且つ略勾玉形のアメーバ形突起３ｅ′及び真円突起２の夫々の上面には平面視真円形の凹状部４又は凸状部８が各突起自体の中心より偏位して設けられている。
【００２３】
図８は、他のシート・マット４０を示す第六実施形態であって、その表面に表される突起群が周回状で、内側に至るほど径が小さくなる略だるま形のアメーバ形突起３ｂ及び五角形の多角突起９が交互に配され、略中央部に少許大きめの略だるま形のアメーバ形突起３ｂが対角して４個、略ひょうたん形のアメーバ形突起３ｃが略十字状に４個配されると共に、配列方向（周回方向）に相隣る夫々の突起３ｂ、３ｃ及び９は夫々方向性を決める軸が互いに異なる（順次方向性が異なる）ように配され、また、アメーバ形突起３ｂ及び３ｃの夫々の上面には平面視略だるま形又はたまご形の凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられている。
【００２４】
図９（イ）乃至（ハ）も他のシート・マット４０（シール）を示す第七実施形態であって、その表面の上位から下位に至るほど径が大きくなるたまご形のアメーバ形突起３と真円突起２とが６個ずつ交互に配されるとともに、配列方向（主として上下方向）に相隣るアメーバ形突起３はその方向性を決める軸が互いに異なる（順次方向性が異なる）ように配され、且つその上面には平面視アメーバ形状の凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられている。
尚、第五乃至七実施形態ではシート・マット４０（シール）の表面にのみ突起群が配されているが、これに限定されず浴室の洗い場、厨房、プールサイド等のように水に濡れて特にスリップし易い場所に敷かれる場合は、その裏面にも突起群を配してもよく、また、シート・マット（シール）の表裏面に突条体１２や溝又は排水孔を設けて水や洗剤液等に対する排水機能を付加してもよい。
更に、突起群が突設される基板部の厚みは、シールと称される極薄のものからマットと称される比較的分厚いものまで任意に設定可能である。
【００２５】
図１０（イ）乃至（ハ）は、第八実施形態としての階段の踏面先端に設置される踏板５０であって、その表面は横設せる３本の突条体１２によって２つの領域に分割され、一方（踏面付根側）には略ひょうたん形のアメーバ形突起３ｃが横方向に１列配され、略ひょうたん形のアメーバ形突起３ｃと突条体１２との間にたまご形のアメーバ形突起３が配されるとともに、他方（踏面先端側）には付根側より小さい略ひょうたん形のアメーバ形突起３ｃが２列配され、その列間にたまご形のアメーバ形突起３が１列配されている。
ここで、配列方向（横方向）に相隣るアメーバ形突起３ｃ及び３は夫々方向性を決める軸が互いに異なる（順次方向性が異なる）ように配され、また、それらの上面には夫々平面視たまご形又は真円形の凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられている。
本実施形態では突条体１２によって２つの領域に分割されているが、その数は限定されず、また、突条体１２を設けなくてもよく、更には、同図（ニ）に示す如く、踏面先端側の垂れ部を除去して帯状となし、各種スロープの滑り防止材とすることもできる。
【００２６】
図１１（イ）乃至（ハ）は、第九実施形態としての床材６０であって、基板の表面に格子状に突設された突条体１２の内側に沿って略楕円形のアメーバ形突起３ａが周回状に配され、その内側にたまご形のアメーバ形突起３が配されることでユニット化されてなるとともに、配列方向（周回方向）に相隣るアメーバ形突起３ａ及び３は夫々その方向性を決める軸が互いに異なる（順次方向性が異なる）ように配され、且つその上面には平面視瞳形又は真円形の凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられている。
【００２７】
図１２（イ）乃至（ハ）は、第十実施形態としてのタイル７０であって、該タイル７０の基板表面には周回状をなす略勾玉形のアメーバ形突起３ｅ′、真円突起２及びたまご形のアメーバ形突起３が適宜に配され、略中央部にたまご形のアメーバ形突起３が位置してなるとともに、配列方向（周回方向）に相隣るアメーバ形突起３ｅ′及び３は各々方向性を決める軸が互いに異なる（順次方向性が異なる）ように配され、且つ真円突起２を含めて各々の上面には平面視略弓形、真円形又は楕円形の凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられている。
尚、第九及び十実施形態に係る床材６０及びタイル７０は、その基板を正方形となしているが、基板の形状はこれに限定されず、その他多角形や円形、或いは定型又は不定型に屈曲して板体をなすもの等に自由に変更可能である。
【００２８】
そもそも、第五乃至第十実施形態に係るシート・マット４０、階段の踏板５０、床材６０及びタイル７０の表面に突起を設けることによる長所は以下の点にある。
図１３（イ）に示す如く、弾性体で構成されたタイヤや靴底等がシート・マット４０、階段の踏板５０、床材６０及びタイル７０上に位置すると、車重及び人間の体重が作用することでタイヤや靴底に弾性変形が起こり各突起の上面をはずれた箇所でタイヤ面や靴底面等に沈み込み部６が生じる。
【００２９】
そこで、車両や歩行者等の進行方向をＡ方向と仮定すると、弾性変形を生じたタイヤ面や靴底面等の沈み込み部６が、突起上面の周縁部７から水平方向に接触抵抗力Ｆを受け、該接触抵抗力Ｆによりスリップ防止効果が高められている。
【００３０】
また、図１３（ハ）及び（ニ）に示す如く、アメーバ形突起３又は真円突起２の上面に凹状部４又は凸状部８を形成することで、該凹状部４又は凸状部８の周縁部７′においても接触抵抗力Ｆが発生し、タイヤ面や靴底面等との接触抵抗がさらに増大することとなるから、より大きなスリップ防止効果が得られる。
【００３１】
前記接触抵抗力Ｆは、突起上面の周縁部７及び凹状部４又は凸状部８の周縁部７′との接触長さに比例して大きくなるが、上述の如き各突起の形態及びその配列によって前記沈み込み部６と各周縁部７，７′との接触抵抗力Ｆがより大きくなる効果がある。
即ち、図１３（ロ）に示す如き配列にあって、上面に凹状部４又は凸状部８を有する平面視略たまご形３、略だるま形３ｂ及び略ひょうたん形３ｃを呈するアメーバ形突起にタイヤや靴底等がＡ乃至Ｈのいずれの方向から進入しても、タイヤ面や靴底面等が接触する周縁部７…，７′…の形態は、各アメーバ形突起毎に夫々異なるとともに、各アメーバ形突起間の相対距離が突起間毎に相違することで、前記沈み込み部もまた様々な方向で且つ様々な距離を以て生じることとなるから、車両や人がどの方向から進入して来てもタイヤ面や靴底面等に前記接触抵抗力Ｆを十分与えることができる。
【００３２】
また、夫々異なった角度で且つちどり状に現出する長い周縁部７…，７′…と接触するタイヤ面や靴底面等には、進行方向とは異なった様々な方向にも接触抵抗力が分布作用することとなるため、横方向に対しても有効に滑りを防止することができ、特に、曲がり角や曲線区間等、タイヤや靴底が斜めに接地する場所で有効に横滑りを防止できる。
【００３３】
図１４（イ）乃至（ハ）は、第十一実施形態としての自動二輪車、バイク、自転車等のハンドルのグリップ８０であって、その弾性体等の表面は主溝８１及び副溝８２によって複数の領域に分割され、その１の領域は２列のたまご形のアメーバ形突起３が六角形の多角突起９を挟んで配され、他の１の領域は２列の略だるま形のアメーバ形突起３ｂが五角形の多角突起９を挟んで配されるとともに、それらが左右に表されている。
配列方向（縦方向）に相隣るアメーバ形突起３、３ｂ及び多角突起９は、夫々方向性を決める軸が互いに異なる（順次方向性が異なる）ように配され、また、アメーバ形突起３及び３ｂの上面には凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられている。
尚、本実施形態では主溝８１及び副溝８２によって領域分割されているが、該分割の方法は突条体１２によってもよく、また、本実施形態においてはハンドルのグリップを対象としたが、これに限定されず、「グリップ」と称し、把持することを必要とする部位全てに実施可能である。
【００３４】
図１５は、第十二実施形態としての手袋９０であって、その表面（把持時に他と接触する面）の５本の指先部には、夫々楕円形のアメーバ形突起３ａが３個設けられ、その他の指部分には、円形の対向部を各々少許膨出させてなるアメーバ形突起３ｍによって、縦１列に配された略８の字形のアメーバ形突起３ｄ′を囲繞する如く配されるとともに、手の平部には、前記アメーバ形突起３ｍと前記アメーバ形突起３ｄ′が交互に多数配列されている。
ここで、アメーバ形突起３ａ、３ｍ及び３ｄ′は、ゴム等の弾性体からなるとともに、夫々その配列箇所の配列方向に相隣る突起３ａ、３ｍ及び３ｄ′は各々の方向性を決める軸が互いに異なる（順次方向性が異なる）ようその表面に固着され、且つそれらの上面には夫々平面視略楕円形、真円形又は略８の字形の凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられている。
尚、本実施形態において突起群は、その表面を全面的に被覆してなるが、該突起群の配列はこれに限定されず、例えて、把持時に他と接触し、特に滑り防止機能を必要とする箇所にのみに部分的に設けることもでき、又、突起群を別途固着する構成に代えて手袋自体を弾性体とし、突起群と共に一体成形することも可能である。
【００３５】
図１６（イ）乃至（ハ）は、第十三実施形態としての手摺り１００であって、円形をなす棒体の表面に略８の字形の長軸が曲線状に屈曲してなるアメーバ形突起３ｉ′、真円突起２及び略Ｙ字形のアメーバ形突起３ｋが夫々列をなして横方向に設けられるとともに、配列方向（横方向）に相隣るアメーバ形突起３ｉ′及び３ｋは、夫々方向性を決める軸が互いに異なる（順次方向性が異なる）ように配され、且つその上面には夫々平面視略８の字形又は略Ｙ字形の凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられている。
【００３６】
図１７（イ）乃至（ハ）は、第十四実施形態としての手摺り１００の変形実施例であって、該実施例は略逆凹形をなす手摺り１００の上面にシート・マット４０（シール）を接着してなるものであり、そのシート・マット４０（シール）の表面には、３個の略海星形のアメーバ形突起３ｌ及び真円突起２を夫々傾斜させ交互に突設してなり、配列方向（主として傾斜方向）に相隣るアメーバ形突起３ｌはその方向性を決める軸が互いに異なる（順次方向性が異なる）ように配されるとともに、その上面には平面視略海星形の凹状部４又は凸状部８が設けられている。また、真円突起２の上面には平面視真円形の凹状部４又は凸状部８が該突起２自体の中心より偏位して設けられている。
【００３７】
又、第十五実施形態として、図１８においてアメーバ形を呈する突起（３乃至３ｎ）に実施する他の上面の態様について説明すると、同図（イ）及び（ロ）に示す如く、上記突起、例えてアメーバ形突起３ｎ′の上面に、該突起３ｎ′の周縁部７から内部に向けて下がり傾斜面１５を設けることで、その外郭部と略中央部に内部凸状部８′を夫々形成してなる。又、同図（ハ）に示す如く、各周縁部７、７′に下方漸開状の傾斜を付すとともに、前記略中央の内部凸状部８′の上面にも下がり傾斜面１５を設け、結局複数の傾斜面１５により複数の内部凸状部８′が連設形成されてなる。更に、同図（ニ）に示すものは、複数の下がり傾斜面１５により複数の内部凸状部８′が連設して形成されてなる。
尚、上記実施形態において下がり傾斜面１５は、周縁部７、７′若しくはその近傍から設けられてなるが、該下がり傾斜面１５を設ける位置は周縁部７、７′から離隔した位置等、任意に設定可能である。
【００３８】
次に、第十六実施形態として、図１９（イ）乃至（ハ）に示す如く、アメーバ形突起３ｎ′の周縁部７とその上面に設けられる凹状部４及び／又は凸状部８の周縁部７′との間の上面に、凹状部４及び／又は凸状部８の深さ又は高さとは異なる深さ又は高さを有する凹状部４′及び／又は凸状部８″設けられてなるものである。
ここで、前記凹状部４′及び／又は凸状部８″の表面は、同図（ニ）乃至（ト）に示す如く、アメーバ形突起３ｎ′の短軸方向（図中、Ｘ−Ｘ方向）若しくは長軸方向（図中、Ｗ−Ｗ方向）に上り、又は下り、或いは屈曲せる傾斜面１５′に形成することもできる。但し、かかる傾斜面１５′の傾斜方向は、短軸又は長軸方向に限定されるものではなく、自由に変更可能である。
又、第十七実施形態として、図２０（イ）及び（ロ）に示す如く、凹状部４、凸状部８、内部凸状部８′、下がり傾斜面１５及び傾斜面１５′を併存させたアメーバ形突起３ｎ′となすことも可能である。
【００３９】
尚、第十五乃至十七実施形態においては、アメーバ形突起３ｎ′を例示してその実施形態を説明したが、かかる形態は前出せるアメーバ形を呈する突起（３乃至３ｌ）全てに実施することができる。
【００４０】
また、図２１（イ）及び（ロ）に示す如く、平面視略たまご形のアメーバ形突起３の上面内側に、該突起の平面形状と相似形をなす略たまご形の凸状部８を突設し、その周縁部７，７′を断面階段状に形成するとともに、凸状部８の表面に目玉状の凹状部４を設けることも可能であり、この場合、上面の凸状部８が摩滅しても、アメーバ形突起３自体の周縁部７及び凹状部４の周縁部７′が残存して前記スリップ防止効果を維持するものである。
【００４１】
また、図２１（ハ）及び（ニ）に示す如く、アメーバ形突起３の上面に突設される凸状部８の平面形状をその周縁部７′が長い形状（本図においては、略ひょうたん形）に変形させ、且つ凹状部４の形状も同様に変形させると、例えて、タイヤ面や靴底面等と接触する周縁部７，７′が一挙に増大することとなるから、表面粗度が粗くなってノンスリップ効果も極めて高くなる。
【００４２】
前記実施形態において各種アメーバ形突起自体の表面は、凹状部４及び凸状部８を除き平面となっているが、これに限定されず図２２（イ）及び（ロ）に示すように段差を設けてもよく、又、図２２（ハ）及び（ニ）に示すように突起上面に現出する角部全てに丸みを付してもよい。更に、突起上面に設けられる凹状部４又は凸状部８の平面形状として真円形、略たまご形、略楕円形、略だるま形、略ひょうたん形、略勾玉形、略瞳形、略弓形、アメーバ形等を例示したが、他の任意の形状にも自由に変更可能である。
【００４３】
また、前記各実施形態では、各種アメーバ形突起を始めとする突起の上面やその側面は比較的滑らかな面となっているが、該面をたとえばヤスリなどのような凹凸面に形成して更にスリップ防止効果をあげてもよい。
更に、突起自体の形状や模様を鮮明にするために、例えば図１３（ハ）及び、図２１（イ）、（ロ）に示すように、着色樹脂等からなるコーキング材１４で突起周囲の一部又は全部、更には突起上面の凹状部４等に、突起及び凹状部の周縁部７、７′が埋まらない程度に着色を施してもよい。
【００４４】
更に、各実施形態における突条体１２は必須の条件ではないが、該突条体１２を履物の底２０、タイヤ３０、シート・マット４０、階段の踏板５０、床材６０、タイル７０、ハンドルのグリップ８０、手袋９０又は手摺り１００の表面に設けて領域を分割することにより、アメーバ形突起による接触抵抗に加えて、突条体１２による接触抵抗が更に作用し、より大きなノンスリップ効果が得られるとともに、各種突起が分割された領域内に整然と突設されて意匠的にも優れたものとなる。
【００４５】
尚、本発明の滑り防止表面構造は、上記実施形態に限定されるわけではなく、アメーバ形突起又はその他の突起の数や大きさ、形状並びにアメーバ形突起又はその他の突起により形成される突起群の列数は、履物の底２０、タイヤ３０、シート・マット４０、階段の踏板５０、床材６０、タイル７０、ハンドルのグリップ８０、手袋９０又は手摺り１００の表面の大きさによって任意に変更でき、また、相隣るアメーバ形突起の方向性を決める軸が互いに異なる（順次方向性が異なる）ようになされればよく、突条体１２の有無と該突条体１２を設けた場合の表面領域の分割方法についても問わないものであり、要は、上記各種物品又は構造物の表面に効率よく配置できるものであれば、本発明の意図するところである。
【００４６】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明に係る滑り防止表面構造は、履物の底又はタイヤにあっては、その表面に多数の突起を配してなる突起群の一部又は全部が方向性を有する形状のアメーバ形突起、即ち周縁部の周線の長さが長く形成される形状のアメーバ形突起からなり、該アメーバ形突起の上面には凹状部又は凸状部が設けられて１突起につき少なくとも二重の周縁部が現出するため、路面等の接地面に接触する際、前記周縁部によるエッジ効果又は接地面積の増大により、人や車両等が接地面上で滑ることを確実に防止することができる。
又、前記突起群を形成するアメーバ形突起は、その配列方向における該アメーバ形突起の方向性を決める軸としての長手方向の中心線が、相隣るアメーバ形突起の長手方向の中心線とは互いに方向が異なるべく、上記中心線の中点を中心として順次適宜角度ずつ回転して配列されてなるために、履物の底やタイヤが接地面にどのような方向で接触してもアメーバ形突起の周縁部は、各アメーバ形突起毎に夫々その形態が異なるとともに、各アメーバ形突起間の相対距離が突起間毎に相違することとなり、接地面等との接触が様々な方向に様々な距離をもって生じるから、履物の底又はタイヤは接地面からより大きな摩擦（滑り）抵抗を得ることができる。
【００４７】
本発明に係る滑り防止表面構造がシート・マット、階段の踏板、床材、タイル、ハンドルのグリップ、手袋又は手摺りである場合にあっても、アメーバ形を呈する突起の周縁形状、該アメーバ形突起の方向性を決める軸が互いに異なっている配列、更に、その上面に設けられた凹状部又は凸状部によって、被接触物が如何なる場合にあっても、かかる表面構造が大きな摩擦（滑り）抵抗を発揮して、その接触部におけるスリップ防止効果を高めるものである。
【００４８】
また、本発明に係る滑り防止表面構造は、アメーバ形突起の上面に、アメーバ形突起の内部に向けて下がり傾斜面を複数個設けることにより内部凸状部が複数個連設形成されてなるため、該内部凸状部は凸状部と同様、内部凸状部の周縁部による接触抵抗を生じ、アメーバ形突起による接触抵抗に加えて大きなスリップ防止効果を発揮するとともに、下がり傾斜面を複数個設けることにより、そのスリップ防止効果はその個数分だけ増大し、且つ下がり傾斜面を複数個設けることで形成される複数個の内部凸状部を連続させると、その周縁部が角立ち全体として鋸歯状を呈するため、極めて大きな接触（滑り）抵抗を発生させることができる。
【００４９】
また、本発明に係る滑り防止表面構造は、突起群を形成する突起に方向性を有する形状、例えて、略たまご形、略楕円形、略だるま形、略ひょうたん形、略８の字形や該略たまご形、略楕円形、略だるま形、略ひょうたん形、略８の字形における長軸が曲線状に屈曲してなる形状、又、複数の軸線を夫々曲線状に屈曲してなる略Ｘ字形、略Ｙ字形、略海星形や外周線を自在に変化させる本来のアメーバ形状等のアメーバ形突起を採用するとともに、該アメーバ形突起の上面に各種形状の凹状部又は凸状部を設け、更に各アメーバ形突起の方向性を決める軸が互いに異なるように配列されてなることから、外観形態が非常に躍動感に溢れ、意匠的にも優れたものとなっているため、購買意欲を増進させる効果をも奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の一実施形態を示す履物の底であって、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）は（イ）におけるＫ−Ｋ端面図。
【図２】本発明の他実施形態を示す履物の底の平面図。
【図３】本発明の滑り防止表面構造を構成する“アメーバ形突起”の配列例を示す一部平面図。
【図４】本発明の滑り防止表面構造を構成する“アメーバ形突起”の具体例及びその方向性を決める軸を示す平面図。
【図５】本発明の他実施形態を示すタイヤであって、（イ）は接地面部パターンの部分展開図、（ロ）は（イ）におけるＭ−Ｍ端面図。
【図６】本発明の他実施形態を示すタイヤの接地部パターンの部分展開図。
【図７】本発明の他実施形態を示すシート・マットであって、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）は（イ）におけるＮ−Ｎ端面図、（ハ）は（ロ）の一部拡大端面図。
【図８】本発明の他実施形態を示すシート・マットの平面図。
【図９】本発明の他実施形態を示すシート・マット（シール）であって、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）は（イ）におけるＯ−Ｏ端面図、（ハ）は（ロ）の一部拡大端面図。
【図１０】本発明の他実施形態を示す階段の踏板であって、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）は（イ）におけるＰ−Ｐ端面図、（ハ）は設置状態を示す断面図、（ニ）は他の設置状態を示す断面図。
【図１１】本発明の他実施形態を示す床材であって、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）は（イ）におけるＱ−Ｑ端面図、（ハ）は（ロ）の一部拡大端面図。
【図１２】本発明の他実施形態を示すタイルであって、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）は（イ）におけるＲ−Ｒ端面図、（ハ）は（ロ）の一部拡大端面図。
【図１３】本発明の一実施形態の突起群を形成する突起とタイヤ面や靴底面等とが接触する状態を示し、（イ）はタイヤ面や靴底面等が突起群と接触して、弾性変形による沈み込みを起こした状態図、（ロ）はタイヤや靴底等の進入方向と各突起との位置関係図、（ハ）はタイヤ面や靴底面等が凹状部を有する突起と接触して、弾性変形による沈み込みを起こした状態図、（ニ）はタイヤ面や靴底面等が凸状部を有する突起と接触して、弾性変形による沈み込みを起こした状態図。
【図１４】本発明の他実施形態を示すハンドルのグリップであって、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）は（イ）におけるＳ−Ｓ端面図、（ハ）は（ロ）の一部拡大端面図。
【図１５】本発明の他実施形態を示す手袋の平面図。
【図１６】本発明の他実施形態を示す手摺りであって、（イ）は展開平面図、（ロ）は（イ）におけるＵ−Ｕ端面図、（ハ）は（ロ）の一部拡大端面図。
【図１７】本発明に係る手摺りの他実施形態を示し、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）は（イ）におけるＴ−Ｔ端面図、（ハ）は（ロ）の一部拡大端面図。
【図１８】本発明に係る他のアメーバ形突起を示し、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）は（イ）のＶ−Ｖ端面図、（ハ）及び（ニ）は他の端面図。
【図１９】本発明に係る他のアメーバ形突起を示し、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）及び（ハ）は（イ）におけるＷ−Ｗ端面図、（ニ）及び（ホ）は同Ｘ−Ｘ端面図、（ヘ）及び（ト）は同Ｙ−Ｙ端面図。
【図２０】本発明に係る他のアメーバ形突起を示し、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）は（イ）におけるＺ−Ｚ端面図。
【図２１】本発明の一実施形態の凸状部上面に凹状部を有する“アメーバ形突起”を示し、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）は（イ）の横断面図、（ハ）は他の平面図、（ニ）は（ハ）におけるＬ−Ｌ断面図（例えて、タイヤ面や靴底面等が弾性変形による沈み込みを起こした状態図）。
【図２２】表面に配される“アメーバ形突起”の一例を示し、（イ）及び（ハ）は平面図、（ロ）及び（ニ）は正面図。
【図２３】従来の滑り防止用スポーツシューズの靴底の平面図。
【図２４】従来の滑り防止用スタッドレスタイヤの展開平面図。
【図２５】従来の滑り防止用シート・マットの平面図。
【符号の説明】
２…真円突起、３…アメーバ形突起、４、４′…凹状部、６…沈み込み部、７，７′…周縁部、８…凸状部、８′…内部凸状部、８″…凸状部、９…多角突起、１２…突条体、１５…下がり傾斜面、１５′…傾斜面、２０…履物の底、２２…前方踏み付け部、２３…土踏まず部、２４…踵部、３０…タイヤ、３１…主溝、３２…副溝、４０…シート・マット、５０…階段の踏板、６０…床材、７０…タイル、８０…ハンドルのグリップ、８１…主溝、８２…副溝、９０…手袋、１００…手摺り[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention relates to a non-slip surface structure in various articles or structures, and specifically, sandals, slippers, bottoms of footwear such as shoes, tires such as vehicles, entrances, bathroom washing places, kitchens, Anti-slip surface that can prevent slipping of surfaces such as mats and sheets laid on poolsides, stair treads, flooring, tiles, handle grips, gloves or handrails more effectively Concerning structure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 23, the sole 20 'of the footwear adopting the anti-slip surface structure, for example, the sole, includes a front stepping portion 22', an arch portion 23 'and a heel portion 24'. A bent groove 26 ′ composed of an outer-side stepping groove and an inner-side stepping groove is provided in a crossing manner in the vicinity of the thumb ball portion 25 ′ of the front stepping portion 22 ′ in which the convex portion 21 ′ having an arbitrary shape that comes into contact with the inner portion is formed. As a shoe sole for sports shoes, there is known a shoe sole for sports shoes in which the bent groove 26 ′ is provided with a projection 2 ′ having a true circular shape in a plan view for preventing slippage.
[0003]
  Further, as shown in FIG. 24, the tire 30 'adopting the anti-slip surface structure has three main grooves 31' extending continuously in the circumferential direction of the tire, and the main grooves 31 ' A substantially quadrangular shape that forms a trapezoidal shape or a parallelogram in plan view and that is partitioned by a plurality of circumferential grooves and a plurality of sub-grooves 32 ′ that are oriented in the width direction of the tire and have a groove depth equal to or less than that of the main groove 31 ′. A plurality of blocks 33 ′ are arranged in the tire circumferential direction, and an extremely narrow narrow groove 34 ′ is provided in the block 33 ′. Further, the circumferential length, width direction length and narrow groove 34 of the block 33 ′ are arranged. There is one in which the relationship of the depth of ′ satisfies a specific formula.
[0004]
  Further, as shown in FIG. 25, the sheet mat 40 'adopting the anti-slip surface structure is provided with a plurality of substantially cross-shaped protrusions 2' on the front and back surfaces thereof to form a mesh-like uneven geometric shape. It is known that a portion surrounding the projection 2 'is formed as a drainage groove 41', and a small circular projection 2 'is provided at an appropriate position of the drainage groove 41'.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  As described above, in conventional shoe soles, tires, and seat mats adopting the anti-slip surface structure, the protrusions provided on the front surface and / or the back surface thereof are all true circular or trapezoidal or parallel in plan view. Most of the quadrilateral, quadrangular, rod-like, substantially Y-shaped, and substantially ten-letter-shaped peripheral edges are connected in a straight line. Since the peripheral length of the portion is shorter than its surface area, there is a problem that the frictional resistance between the peripheral edge portion and the contact surface is small when weight or vehicle weight is loaded on the surface.
[0006]
  The present invention has been made in view of the conventional problems as described above. As various articles or structures having an anti-slip surface structure, for example, a place where the surface roughness of a footwear or a tire is increased to be slippery. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a footwear bottom and a tire that enhance the anti-slip effect of a person, a vehicle, etc., have a very dynamic appearance, and are excellent in design.
  Furthermore, the present invention increases the surface roughness of slippery places, such as entrances, bathroom washing places, kitchens, sheet mats laid on the poolside, stair treads, flooring and tiles, etc. An object is to provide a seat mat, a stair tread, a flooring material, a tile, and the like that enhance the anti-slip effect and have a very dynamic appearance and are excellent in design.
[0007]
  In addition, the present invention increases the surface roughness of gripping parts, for example, handle grips, gloves and handrails, thereby improving the anti-slip effect on those surfaces, and the appearance form is very dynamic, It is an object of the present invention to provide a surface structure of a grip portion that is excellent in terms of quality.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the anti-slip surface structure according to the present invention includes a footwear bottom 20, a tire 30, a seat mat 40, a stair tread 50, a flooring 60, a tile 70, a handle grip 80, a glove 90, or a hand. On the surface of the slide 100Along its outlineA part or all of the protrusion group formed by arranging a large number of protrusions is composed of the amoeba-shaped protrusions 3 having a shape with the concave portions 4 and / or the convex portions 8 provided on the upper surface thereof,In the arrangement direction of the amoeba protrusions 3Axis that determines the direction of the amoeba protrusion 3Is the longitudinal center line of the adjacent amoeba-shaped protrusions 3.Each otherDirectionDifferentTherefore, each amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 is rotated by an appropriate angle sequentially around the center point of the center line.It is characterized by being arranged.
[0009]
  Here, the “directional amoeba shape” is a closed shape formed by connecting all the circumferences in a curved shape except for a true circle in a plan view, for example, an approximately elliptical shape or an approximately egg shape. , Approximately gourd-shaped, approximately daruma-shaped, approximately 8-shaped, approximately X-shaped, approximately Y-shaped, or substantially elliptical, approximately egg-shaped, approximately gourd-shaped, approximately daruma-shaped, approximately 8-shaped centerline As a long axis and a shape in which each axis line in a substantially X shape, a substantially Y shape, or a substantially sea star shape is bent in a curved shape, and the axis that determines directionality is a long axis in each shape (approximately X The longest axis in a letter shape, a substantially Y shape, and a substantially sea star shape).
[0010]
  In the anti-slip surface structure having the above-described configuration, in the footwear bottom 20 and the tire 30, when they contact the road surface or the like, the protrusions form an amoeba shape, and the amoeba shape protrusion 3 has directionality. Furthermore, since the peripheral line of the peripheral portion is longer than that of a conventional circular shape in a plan view or a substantially quadrangular shape such as a trapezoid or a parallelogram, the peripheral edge of the foot 20 is long. If the material of the tire 30 is hard, an edge effect occurs. If the material of the tire 30 is soft, an increase in the contact area causes a larger contact (slip) resistance with a contact surface such as a road surface. The effect is enhanced.
  or,In the arrangement direction of the amoeba protrusions 3Axis that determines the direction of the amoeba protrusion 3Is the longitudinal center line of the adjacent amoeba-shaped protrusions 3.Each otherDirectionDifferentTherefore,Each amoeba protrusion 3 ...Are rotated by an appropriate angle sequentially around the midpoint of the centerlineArrayIsTherefore, regardless of the direction in which the bottom 20 of the footwear and the tire 30 come into contact with the grounding surface, the peripheral portion of the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 has a different shape for each amoeba-shaped protrusion 3. Since the relative distance between the protrusions 3 is different for each protrusion, and the contact with the ground plane occurs at various distances in various directions, the bottom 20 of the footwear and the tire 30 have a greater friction (slip) from the ground plane. ) You can get resistance.
  Further, a concave portion 4 and / or a convex portion 8 are provided on the upper surface of the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3, and contact (slipping) with the grounding surface is present even at the peripheral portion of the concave portion 4 and / or the convex portion 8. ) Since resistance is generated, the contact resistance due to the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 and the contact resistance of the concave portion 4 and / or the convex portion 8 combine to further increase the friction (slip) resistance with the ground plane, Greater slip prevention effect can be obtained.
[0011]
  Even if the anti-slip surface structure having the above structure is the seat mat 40, the stair tread 50, the flooring 60, the tile 70, the handle grip 80, the glove 90 or the handrail 100, the bottom of the footwear 20 and the tire 30, the peripheral shape of the protrusion having an amoeba shape, the arrangement in which the axes that determine the directionality of the amoeba protrusion 3 are different from each other, and the concave portion 4 or the convex portion provided on the upper surface thereof 8, the surface structure exhibits a large friction (slip) resistance regardless of the contacted object, thereby improving the anti-slip effect at the contact portion.
[0012]
  In addition, the anti-slip surface structure according to the present invention has an inclined surface 15 that is lowered toward the inside of the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 on the upper surface of the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3.MultipleBy providing the inner convex portion 8 'Multiple installationsA formed structure can be employed.
  In other words, instead of providing the convex portion 8 on the upper surface of the amoeba-shaped projection 3, the inner convex portion 8 ′ is formed by providing a downward inclined surface 15 toward the inside of the amoeba-shaped projection 3.
  In the anti-slip surface structure having such a configuration, the inner convex portion 8 ′, like the convex portion 8, generates a contact resistance due to the peripheral portion 7 ′ of the inner convex portion 8 ′, and contacts with the amoeba protrusion 3. In addition to resistance, it exhibits a great anti-slip effect. Moreover, a plurality of descending inclined surfaces 15 are provided.ByThe anti-slip effect is increased by the number thereof and is formed by providing a plurality of descending inclined surfaces 15.MultipleWhen the inner convex portion 8 ′ is made continuous, the peripheral edge portion 7 ′ has a sawtooth shape as a whole of the angled corners, so that a very large contact (slip) resistance is generated..
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
  As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), 20 is a bottom of a footwear having a surface layer made of an elastic body such as rubber according to an example of the present embodiment. It consists of a stepping portion 22, an arch portion 23, and a heel portion 24. The front stepping portion 22 has a projecting body 12 protruding in a circular shape, and the projecting body 12 further divides the region into the most advanced portion and other portions. ing.
  The circular protrusions 2 are arranged in a row along the tiptoe shape at the foremost portion of the front stepping portion 22, and the egg-shaped amoeba protrusion 3 is a circular protrusion on the other portions of the front stepping portion 22. One row is arranged along the body 12, and the egg-shaped amoeba protrusion 3 having a smaller diameter than the hexagonal polygonal protrusion 9 and the outer egg-shaped amoeba protrusion 3 is arranged inside the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3. The amoeba-shaped protrusions 3n having an amoeba shape are disposed substantially in the center.
  The flange portion 24 also has a projecting ridge 12 projecting in a circular shape, and an egg-shaped amoeba-shaped projection 3 and a hexagonal polygonal projection 9 are arranged in that order along the ridge 12 inside. The amoeba-shaped projections 3n are arranged at substantially the center.
  Here, the egg-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusions 3 are arranged so that the axes that determine the direction of the egg-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusions 3 are different from each other. 4 or the convex-shaped part 8 is deviated from the center of each protrusion 3 or 2 itself. Further, a concave portion 4 or a convex portion 8 having an amoeba shape in plan view is provided on the upper surface of the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3n.
[0014]
  FIG. 2 is a second embodiment showing a bottom 20 of another footwear, and the foot 20 has a front tread portion 22, an arch portion 23, and an outer periphery of the heel portion 24 surrounded by the ridge body 12. The egg-shaped amoeba-shaped projections 3 are arranged in two rows along the ridge 12, and a Y-shaped amoeba-shaped projection 3 k is provided at the approximate center of the front stepping portion 22. An amoeba-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusion 3n is disposed near the boundary between the portion 22 and the arch portion 23, and a large number of egg-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusions 3 having various diameters are provided over the remaining portion to form a bottom surface. Formed.
  Further, the upper surface of the egg-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 is provided with a concave part 4 or a convex part 8 which is deviated from the center of the egg-like shape in plan view and is formed on the upper surfaces of the amoeba-shaped protrusions 3k and 3n, respectively. A concave portion 4 or a convex portion 8 having a substantially Y shape or amoeba shape in a plan view is provided.
  In each of the above embodiments, the bottom of the footwear is targeted. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be similarly applied to the upper surface and / or the bottom of the footwear.
[0015]
  Here, a method for arranging the amoeba protrusions 3 in FIG. 3 will be described in detail. The adjacent amoeba-shaped protrusions 3 are arranged so that the axes that determine the directionality thereof are different from each other, and in the example of this embodiment, they are sequentially arranged so as to have different directions.
  The amoeba-shaped protrusions 3 that form a group of protrusions along the outer shape are respectively the longitudinal center line as an axis that determines the directionality of the egg shape, that is, the long axis X of the amoeba-shaped protrusions 3 adjacent to each other. Are arranged in order so that the directions are different from each other. More specifically, the midpoint Y is centered on the midpoint Y of the long axis X of the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 and, for example, the front stepping portion 22 of the sole 20 of the footwear. And a line Z connecting with the center of the flange portion 24 and the like are sequentially rotated by a certain angle (36 degrees in this embodiment).
[0016]
  Therefore, for example, each amoeba-shaped projection 3 of the front treading portion 22 rotates on the line Z that rotates with the center of the front treading portion 22 as a base point, so that the angle A1 is 36 degrees in the outer projection group in FIG. The angle A2 is 72 degrees, the angle A3 is 108 degrees, the angle B1 is 18 degrees (starting from 1/2 of 36 degrees), the angle B2 is 54 degrees, and the angle B3 is 90 degrees in the central protrusion group. The amoeba-shaped protrusions 3 rotate around the surface of the front stepping portion 22 while rotating in the same manner.
[0017]
  In the present invention, in the above-described embodiment, the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 is exemplified by a substantially egg-like shape in a planar view similar to an ellipse, but the amoeba-shaped protrusion has an entire circumference except for a true circle in a plan view. A shape formed in a curved line. For example, in FIG. 4, the longitudinal center line is the major axis X, the approximate egg shape is 3, the approximately elliptical shape is 3a, and the approximately darling shape is 3b. The major axis X of the substantially gourd shape, 3d, and the approximately 8 character shape, and the approximately egg shape 3, the substantially elliptical shape 3a, the substantially darling shape 3b, the substantially gourd shape 3c, and the approximately 8 character shape 3d are bent in a curved shape. The projections 3e to 3i, the substantially X shape 3j, the substantially Y shape 3k, the substantially sea star shape 3l, and the original amoeba shape 3n that freely changes the outer circumferential line. There are protrusions, etc., and the axis that determines the directionality of the protrusions The major axis X of the respective shape (substantially X-shaped 3j, substantially Y-shaped 3k, in a substantially starfish shape 3l and amoeba shapes 3n longest axis) is intended to mean.
  A concave portion 4 or a convex portion 8 is provided on the upper surface of each amoeba-shaped protrusion, and the planar shape thereof is, for example, a perfect circle, a substantially egg shape, a substantially elliptical shape, a substantially darling shape, or a substantially gourd shape. , Approximately 8 shapes, approximately arc shapes, approximately X shapes, approximately Y shapes, original amoeba shapes, or their deformed shapes.
[0018]
  The anti-slip surface structure according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration, but the aspect of friction, slip resistance, and the like generated on the shoe sole of the pedestrian will be described below by taking the sole 20 of the footwear as an example. .
  The protrusions forming the protrusion group provided on the bottom 20 of the footwear are amoeba shapes having a directionality in which the concave portion 4 or the convex shape portion 8 is provided on the upper surface, and the axes that determine the directionality are different from each other.(The adjacent protrusions are sequentially different in direction)As a result of the arrangement, the amoeba-shaped projections that come into contact with the road surface or the like and the direction of the concave portions 4 or the convex portions 8 on the upper surface of the ambassador are different for each amoeba-shaped projection. Therefore, the bottom 20 of the footwear can receive sufficient friction (slip) resistance from contact with the road surface or the like.
  Further, the shape of the amoeba-shaped protrusions having a directional shape, for example, an egg shape 3, an approximately darling shape 3b, an approximately gourd shape 3c, etc., makes the peripheral line of the protrusion peripheral portion longer. In addition, the peripheral line of the peripheral part of the concave part 4 and / or the convex part 8 provided on the upper surface of the protrusion is further added, and the entire length of the peripheral line becomes extremely long. Incidentally, the length of the peripheral line of the protrusion and the concave part 4 or the convex part 8 is the original amoeba shape 3n formed by freely bending the peripheral line from the egg shape 3 as shown in FIG. Therefore, the friction (slip) resistance due to the long peripheral edge portions 7 and 7 'is remarkably increased.
[0019]
  Further, the amoeba-shaped projections forming the group of projections on the bottom 20 of the footwear are arranged in a so-called dust shape with respect to the inside and outside, and the surface areas thereof are different, so the contact area between the road surface and the amoeba-shaped projections increases. In addition, since the contact angle further changes, a larger contact resistance and friction (slip) resistance can be obtained.
  Since the surface roughness of the bottom 20 of the footwear is further increased by making the height of the projection group or each projection itself different, a sufficient non-slip effect can be obtained.
[0020]
  5 (a) and 5 (b) show a tire 30 as a third embodiment, and three main grooves 31 are provided in the circumferential direction by dividing the surface thereof by four projecting bodies 12. FIG. In the main groove 31, three amoeba-shaped projections 3 f whose major axis is bent in a curved shape are provided in the circumferential direction, and three are arranged in the width direction, and on the outer sides of the ridges 12 on both sides. Egg-shaped amoeba protrusions 3 are provided, andSoofAdjacent to the arrangement direction (tire circumferential direction)Amoeba protrusion 3f or 3TheThe axes that determine the directionality of the are arranged differently.Specifically, in the same manner as described above, the adjacent amoeba-shaped protrusions 3f or 3 are sequentially arranged so as to have different directivities (appropriately sequentially with the center point of the center line in the longitudinal direction as an axis for determining the directivity as the center. Rotating by angle).Further, on the upper surface of each of the amoeba-shaped projections 3f and 3, an amoeba-shaped or true circular concave portion 4 or convex portion 8 is provided so as to be deviated from the center of each projection 3 itself.
  Here, sub-grooves 32 are formed between the amoeba protrusions 3 f and the amoeba protrusions 3 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction.
[0021]
  FIG. 6 is a fourth embodiment showing another tire 30, and in the three main grooves 31 provided on the surface, a substantially X-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 j is provided in the circumferential direction, Egg-shaped amoeba protrusions 3 are arranged on both sides thereof. Further, the upper surface of the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3j is provided with a substantially X-shaped amoeba-shaped concave portion 4 or convex portion 8 in plan view, and the concave portion 4 or the convex portion 8 on the upper surface of the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 3 is deviated from the center of itself.
  Although the three main grooves 31 are provided in the third and fourth embodiments, the number of the main grooves 31 is not limited to this and can be arbitrarily set, and the upper surface of the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3j or 3 can be set. Further, a narrow groove may be provided to provide drainage and an edge effect. Further, in this embodiment, the tire tread is targeted, but other elastic materials such as a tire chain and a crawler belt may be targeted.
[0022]
  FIGS. 7A to 7C show a sheet mat 40 according to a fifth embodiment. The surface of the sheet mat 40 has nine vertically slanted amoeba-shaped protrusions 3e 'and then a perfect circular protrusion 2. Nine vertical projections are arranged alternately, and a total of nine projection groups are formed.Adjacent to the direction of arrangement (mainly vertical direction)The substantially dome-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusions 3e 'have different axes for determining their direction.(Sequential direction is different)In addition, on the upper surface of each of the substantially slanting-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusion 3e 'and the perfect circular protrusion 2, a concave part 4 or a convex part 8 having a circular shape in plan view is displaced from the center of each protrusion itself. Is provided.
[0023]
  FIG. 8 is a sixth embodiment showing another sheet mat 40, in which a group of protrusions shown on the surface is circular, and a substantially dull-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusion 3b whose diameter decreases toward the inside. Pentagonal polygonal protrusions 9 are alternately arranged, and a small, large, roughly dart-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusion 3b is diagonally arranged in a substantially central portion, and four substantially gourd-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusions 3c are arranged in a substantially cross shape. AsAdjacent to the arrangement direction (circumferential direction)Each of the projections 3b, 3c and 9 has a different axis for determining directionality.(Sequential direction is different)In addition, a concave portion 4 or a convex portion 8 having a substantially dart shape or egg shape in plan view is provided on the upper surface of each of the amoeba protrusions 3b and 3c.
[0024]
  FIGS. 9 (a) to 9 (c) are also a seventh embodiment showing another sheet mat 40 (seal), and an egg-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 having a diameter that increases from the top to the bottom of the surface. While six round protrusions 2 are alternately arranged,Adjacent to each other in the arrangement direction (mainly vertical direction)The axes that determine the directionality of the amoeba protrusion 3 are different from each other.(Sequential direction is different)In addition, a concave portion 4 or a convex portion 8 having an amoeba shape in a plan view is provided on the upper surface thereof.
  In the fifth to seventh embodiments, the protrusions are arranged only on the surface of the sheet mat 40 (seal), but the present invention is not limited to this, and it gets wet with water like a bathroom washroom, kitchen, poolside, etc. In particular, when it is laid in a place where slipping easily occurs, a group of protrusions may be arranged on the back surface of the sheet mat, and a protrusion 12 or a groove or a drain hole is provided on the front and back surfaces of the sheet mat (seal) to You may add the drainage function with respect to detergent liquid etc.
  Furthermore, the thickness of the substrate portion on which the projection group is projected can be arbitrarily set from an extremely thin one called a seal to a relatively thick one called a mat.
[0025]
  FIGS. 10 (a) to 10 (c) show a tread 50 installed at the tip of the tread surface of the staircase according to the eighth embodiment, and the surface is divided into two regions by three projecting ridges 12 that can be installed horizontally. On the other hand, a substantially gourd-shaped amoeba-shaped projection 3c is arranged in a row in the lateral direction on one side (root side of the tread), and an egg-shaped amoeba-shaped projection between the substantially gourd-shaped amoeba-shaped projection 3c and the protrusion 12 3 is arranged, and on the other side (the front end side of the tread), two rows of substantially gourd-shaped amoeba-shaped projections 3c smaller than the root side are arranged, and one row of egg-shaped amoeba-shaped projections 3 is arranged between the rows. Yes.
  here,Adjacent to each other in the arrangement direction (lateral direction)Amoeba-shaped projections 3c and 3 have different axes for determining their direction.(Sequential direction is different)In addition, a concave portion 4 or a convex portion 8 having an egg shape or a true circular shape in plan view is provided on the upper surface thereof.
  In the present embodiment, the ridge body 12 is divided into two regions, but the number thereof is not limited, the ridge body 12 may not be provided, and further, as shown in FIG. The drooping portion on the front end side of the tread surface is removed to form a belt shape, which can be used as an anti-slip material for various slopes.
[0026]
  FIGS. 11 (a) to 11 (c) show a flooring 60 as a ninth embodiment, which is a substantially elliptical amoeba shape along the inside of the ridge 12 projecting in a lattice shape on the surface of the substrate. The protrusions 3a are arranged in a circular shape, and the egg-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusions 3 are arranged on the inside of the protrusions 3a.Adjacent to the arrangement direction (circumferential direction)The axes that determine the directionality of the amoeba protrusions 3a and 3 are different from each other.(Sequential direction is different)In addition, a concave portion 4 or a convex portion 8 having a pupil shape or a true circular shape in a plan view is provided on the upper surface thereof.
[0027]
  12A to 12C show a tile 70 according to the tenth embodiment, and a substantially sloping ball-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusion 3e ′, a perfect circular protrusion 2 and a circular shape on the substrate surface of the tile 70. The egg-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 is appropriately arranged, and the egg-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 is positioned at a substantially central portion.Adjacent to the arrangement direction (circumferential direction)Amoeba-shaped protrusions 3e 'and 3 have different axes for determining directionality.(Sequential direction is different)In addition, a concave portion 4 or a convex portion 8 having a substantially arcuate shape, a perfect circle shape, or an elliptical shape in a plan view is provided on each upper surface including the perfect circular protrusion 2.
  In addition, although the flooring 60 and the tile 70 according to the ninth and tenth embodiments have a square substrate, the shape of the substrate is not limited to this, and may be other polygons, circles, regular or irregular shapes. It can be freely changed to one that is bent to form a plate.
[0028]
  In the first place, the advantages of providing protrusions on the surfaces of the sheet mat 40, the stair tread 50, the flooring 60 and the tile 70 according to the fifth to tenth embodiments are as follows.
  As shown in FIG. 13 (a), when a tire or a sole made of an elastic body is positioned on the seat mat 40, the stair tread 50, the flooring 60, and the tile 70, the vehicle weight and the human weight act. As a result, elastic deformation occurs in the tire or the shoe sole, and a sinking portion 6 is generated in the tire surface, the shoe bottom surface, or the like at a location where the upper surface of each protrusion is removed.
[0029]
  Therefore, assuming that the traveling direction of the vehicle, pedestrian, etc. is the A direction, the sinking portion 6 such as the tire surface or the shoe bottom surface that has undergone elastic deformation exerts a contact resistance force F in the horizontal direction from the peripheral portion 7 on the upper surface of the protrusion. In response, the anti-slip effect is enhanced by the contact resistance force F.
[0030]
  Further, as shown in FIGS. 13C and 13D, the concave portion 4 or the convex portion 8 is formed by forming the concave portion 4 or the convex portion 8 on the upper surface of the amoeba-shaped projection 3 or the perfect circular projection 2. Since the contact resistance force F is also generated at the peripheral edge portion 7 'and the contact resistance with the tire surface, the shoe bottom surface, etc. is further increased, a greater slip prevention effect can be obtained.
[0031]
  The contact resistance force F increases in proportion to the contact length between the peripheral portion 7 on the upper surface of the protrusion and the peripheral portion 7 'of the concave portion 4 or the convex portion 8, but the form of each protrusion and the arrangement thereof as described above. Thus, there is an effect that the contact resistance force F between the subducting portion 6 and the peripheral edge portions 7 and 7 'becomes larger.
  That is, in the arrangement as shown in FIG. 13 (b), tires are formed on amoeba-shaped protrusions having a concave portion 4 or a convex portion 8 on the upper surface and having a substantially egg shape 3, a substantially daruma shape 3b, and a substantially gourd shape 3c in plan view. The shape of the peripheral edge portions 7 ..., 7 '... which the tire surface or the shoe bottom surface contacts is different for each amoeba-shaped projection, regardless of the direction from A to H. Since the relative distance between the amoeba-shaped protrusions is different for each protrusion, the subsidence also occurs in various directions and with various distances, so from which direction the vehicle or person enters. The contact resistance force F can be sufficiently applied to the tire surface, the shoe bottom surface, and the like.
[0032]
  In addition, the tire surface and the bottom of the shoe that come into contact with the long peripheral edge portions 7 ..., 7 '..., which appear in different shapes at different angles, have contact resistance in various directions different from the traveling direction. Since it acts as a distribution, it is possible to effectively prevent slippage in the lateral direction, and in particular, it is possible to effectively prevent skidding at a place where the tire or the shoe sole is in contact with the ground, such as a corner or a curved section.
[0033]
  FIGS. 14A to 14C show a handle 80 of a motorcycle, a motorcycle, a bicycle or the like as the eleventh embodiment, and the elastic body has a plurality of surfaces such as a main groove 81 and sub-grooves 82. 1 area is arranged with two rows of egg-shaped amoeba protrusions 3 sandwiching hexagonal polygonal protrusions 9, and the other area is 2 rows of substantially ball-shaped amoeba protrusions 3b is arranged with the pentagonal polygonal protrusion 9 in between, and these are shown on the left and right.
Adjacent to the array direction (vertical direction)The amoeba-shaped protrusions 3 and 3b and the polygonal protrusion 9 have mutually different axes for determining the directionality.(Sequential direction is different)In addition, a concave portion 4 or a convex portion 8 is provided on the upper surfaces of the amoeba protrusions 3 and 3b.
  In this embodiment, the region is divided by the main groove 81 and the sub-groove 82, but the division method may be by the ridge body 12, and in this embodiment, the handle grip is intended. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is called “grip” and can be applied to all parts that need to be gripped.
[0034]
  FIG. 15 shows a glove 90 according to the twelfth embodiment, and three oval amoeba-shaped protrusions 3a are provided on the five fingertip portions on the surface (the surface that comes into contact with the other during gripping). The other finger portions are arranged so as to surround the approximately 8-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusions 3d 'arranged in one vertical row by the amoeba-shaped protrusions 3m each formed by slightly expanding the circular opposing portions. At the same time, a large number of the amoeba protrusions 3m and the amoeba protrusions 3d 'are alternately arranged on the palm of the hand.
  Here, the amoeba-shaped protrusions 3a, 3m and 3d ′ are made of an elastic body such as rubber,Protrusions 3a, 3m and 3d 'adjacent to each other in the arrangement direction of the arrangement part are respectivelyThe axes that determine each directionality are different from each other(Sequential direction is different)The concave portions 4 or the convex portions 8 each having a substantially elliptical shape, a perfect circular shape, or a substantially 8-shaped shape in plan view are provided on the upper surfaces thereof.
  In this embodiment, the projection group covers the entire surface, but the arrangement of the projection group is not limited to this. For example, the projection group comes into contact with others at the time of gripping, and particularly requires a slip prevention function. It is also possible to provide a part only at a location where the glove itself is an elastic body instead of a configuration in which the projection group is separately fixed, and to integrally form the projection group with the projection group.
[0035]
  FIGS. 16 (a) to (c) are handrails 100 as a thirteenth embodiment, in which a long axis of approximately 8 shapes is bent in a curved shape on the surface of a circular rod body. The protrusion 3i ', the perfect circular protrusion 2, and the substantially Y-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusion 3k are arranged in rows.TheWithout being provided in the horizontal direction,Adjacent to each other in the arrangement direction (lateral direction)Amoeba-shaped protrusions 3i 'and 3k have mutually different axes for determining directionality.(Sequential direction is different)The upper surface is provided with a concave portion 4 or a convex portion 8 having an approximately 8 or Y shape in plan view.
[0036]
  FIGS. 17 (a) to (c) are modified examples of the handrail 100 as the fourteenth embodiment, and the embodiment has a sheet mat 40 (on the upper surface of the handrail 100 having a substantially reverse concave shape. The sheet mat 40 (seal) has three substantially sea star-shaped amoeba-shaped protrusions 3l and perfect circular protrusions 2 which are inclined and alternately provided on the surface of the sheet mat 40 (seal). AndAdjacent to the array direction (mainly the tilt direction)The axes that determine the directionality of the amoeba protrusion 3l are different from each other.(Sequential direction is different)In addition, a concave portion 4 or a convex portion 8 having a substantially sea star shape in a plan view is provided on the upper surface thereof. Further, a concave portion 4 or a convex portion 8 having a true circular shape in plan view is provided on the upper surface of the perfect circular projection 2 so as to be displaced from the center of the projection 2 itself.
[0037]
  Further, as the fifteenth embodiment, another aspect of the upper surface implemented on the protrusions (3 to 3n) having an amoeba shape in FIG. 18 will be described. As shown in FIGS. For example, on the upper surface of the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3n ′, an inclined surface 15 is provided so as to fall from the peripheral edge 7 of the protrusion 3n ′ to the inside, thereby forming an inner convex portion 8 ′ at the outer portion and the substantially central portion, respectively. Do it. Further, as shown in FIG. 5C, the peripheral edge portions 7 and 7 'are inclined downward and gradually inclined, and a lower inclined surface 15 is provided on the upper surface of the substantially central inner convex portion 8'.As a result, a plurality of inner convex portions 8 ′ are continuously formed by the plurality of inclined surfaces 15.It becomes. Further, in the same figure (D), a plurality of inner convex portions 8 ′ are formed by a plurality of downward inclined surfaces 15.Line upFormed.
  In the above-described embodiment, the downward inclined surface 15 is provided from the peripheral portion 7, 7 'or the vicinity thereof, but the position where the downward inclined surface 15 is provided is arbitrary such as a position separated from the peripheral portion 7, 7'. Can be set.
[0038]
  Next, as a sixteenth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 19A to 19C, the peripheral edge 7 of the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3n ′ and the peripheral edge of the concave portion 4 and / or the convex portion 8 provided on the upper surface thereof. A concave portion 4 ′ and / or a convex portion 8 ″ having a depth or height different from the depth or height of the concave portion 4 and / or the convex portion 8 is provided on the upper surface between the concave portions 4 ′. It will be.
  Here, the surface of the concave portion 4 ′ and / or the convex portion 8 ″ is in the short axis direction (XX direction in the figure) of the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 n ′ as shown in FIGS. Or an inclined surface 15 'that rises, descends, or bends in the long axis direction (W-W direction in the figure), provided that the inclined direction of the inclined surface 15' is a short axis or a long axis. It is not limited to the axial direction and can be changed freely.
  As the seventeenth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 20 (a) and 20 (b), the concave portion 4, the convex portion 8, the internal convex portion 8 ′, the downward inclined surface 15 and the inclined surface 15 ′ are made to coexist. It is also possible to form an amoeba-shaped protrusion 3n ′.
[0039]
  In the fifteenth to seventeenth embodiments, the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3n ′ has been described as an example. However, such an embodiment is applied to all the protrusions (3 to 3l) having an amoeba shape that can be put forward. Can do.
[0040]
  Further, as shown in FIGS. 21 (a) and 21 (b), an approximately egg-shaped convex portion 8 having a shape similar to the planar shape of the protrusion protrudes from the upper surface inside the approximately egg-shaped amoeba protrusion 3 in plan view. It is also possible to form the peripheral edge portions 7 and 7 ′ in a stepped cross section and to provide the eyeball-shaped concave portion 4 on the surface of the convex portion 8. In this case, the convex portion 8 on the upper surface Even when worn out, the peripheral edge 7 of the amoeba-shaped protrusion 3 itself and the peripheral edge 7 'of the concave portion 4 remain to maintain the anti-slip effect.
[0041]
  Further, as shown in FIGS. 21 (C) and 21 (D), the planar shape of the convex portion 8 projecting from the upper surface of the amoeba-shaped projection 3 is a shape in which the peripheral edge portion 7 'is long (in FIG. If the shape of the concave portion 4 is also changed in the same manner, the peripheral portions 7 and 7 'that come into contact with the tire surface, the shoe bottom surface, etc. will increase at once. Becomes rough and the non-slip effect becomes extremely high.
[0042]
  In the above-described embodiment, the surface of the various amoeba-shaped protrusions itself is a flat surface except for the concave portion 4 and the convex portion 8, but is not limited to this, and has a step as shown in FIGS. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 22C and 22D, all corners appearing on the upper surface of the protrusion may be rounded. Further, the planar shape of the concave portion 4 or the convex portion 8 provided on the upper surface of the protrusion is a perfect circle, a substantially egg shape, a substantially oval shape, a substantially daruma shape, a substantially gourd shape, a substantially lenticular shape, a substantially pupil shape, a substantially bow shape, and an amoeba. Although the shape and the like are illustrated, it can be freely changed to other arbitrary shapes.
[0043]
  In each of the above embodiments, the upper surface and the side surfaces of the protrusions including various amoeba-shaped protrusions are relatively smooth surfaces. However, the surface is formed on an uneven surface such as a file. An anti-slip effect may be increased.
  Further, in order to make the shape and pattern of the protrusion itself clear, for example, as shown in FIG. 13 (C) and FIGS. 21 (A) and (B), a caulking material 14 made of colored resin or the like is used to Coloring may be performed to such an extent that the peripheral portions 7 and 7 'of the protrusion and the concave portion are not buried in the portion or the whole, or the concave portion 4 on the upper surface of the protrusion.
[0044]
  Further, the ridge body 12 in each embodiment is not an essential condition. However, the ridge body 12 is composed of a footwear bottom 20, a tire 30, a seat mat 40, a stair tread 50, a flooring 60, a tile 70, a handle. By providing it on the surface of the grip 80, the glove 90 or the handrail 100 and dividing the region, in addition to the contact resistance due to the amoeba-shaped projection, the contact resistance due to the protrusion 12 further acts, and a greater non-slip effect is obtained. At the same time, the various protrusions are arranged in an orderly manner in the divided area, and the design is excellent.
[0045]
  The anti-slip surface structure of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and the number, size, and shape of the amoeba-shaped protrusions or other protrusions and the protrusion group formed by the amoeba-shaped protrusions or other protrusions. The number of rows is arbitrarily changed depending on the size of the surface of the footwear bottom 20, tire 30, seat mat 40, stair tread 50, flooring 60, tile 70, handle grip 80, gloves 90 or handrail 100 Can alsoNext to each otherThe axes that determine the direction of amoeba protrusions are different from each other.(Sequential direction is different)likeAll you have to do isIt does not matter about the presence or absence of the ridges 12 and the method of dividing the surface area when the ridges 12 are provided, and the point is that they can be efficiently arranged on the surfaces of the various articles or structures. This is the intention of the present invention.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
  As described above, the anti-slip surface structure according to the present invention has a shape in which a part or all of the protrusion group formed by arranging a plurality of protrusions on the surface of the footwear or tire has a directionality. It consists of an amoeba-shaped protrusion, that is, an amoeba-shaped protrusion having a shape in which the peripheral line of the peripheral edge is formed long, and a concave or convex portion is provided on the upper surface of the amoeba-shaped protrusion, and at least double per protrusion. Since the peripheral edge of the surface appears, when contacting the ground contact surface such as a road surface, it is possible to reliably prevent a person or a vehicle from slipping on the ground contact surface by the edge effect or the increase in the ground contact area due to the peripheral edge. it can.
  Also, the amoeba-shaped protrusions forming the protrusion group are:In the direction of the arrayAn axis that determines the directionality of the amoeba protrusionIs the longitudinal centerline of adjacent amoeba-shaped protrusionsEach otherDirectionDifferentTherefore, rotate around the midpoint of the centerline by an appropriate angle sequentially.Since the bottom of the footwear or the tire contacts with the ground contact surface in any direction, the peripheral part of the amoeba-shaped protrusion is different for each amoeba-shaped protrusion, and each amoeba-shaped protrusion Since the relative distance between the projections is different for each protrusion, and the contact with the ground contact surface or the like occurs at various distances in various directions, the bottom of the footwear or the tire obtains a larger friction (slip) resistance from the ground contact surface. be able to.
[0047]
  Even if the anti-slip surface structure according to the present invention is a sheet mat, a stair tread, a floor material, a tile, a handle grip, a glove, or a handrail, the peripheral shape of the protrusion exhibiting an amoeba shape, the amoeba shape Due to the arrangement in which the axes that determine the directionality of the protrusions are different from each other, and the concave or convex portion provided on the upper surface, the surface structure has a large friction (slip) regardless of the contacted object. It exhibits resistance and enhances the anti-slip effect at the contact portion.
[0048]
  Further, the anti-slip surface structure according to the present invention has an inclined surface that is lowered toward the inside of the amoeba-shaped protrusion on the upper surface of the amoeba-shaped protrusion.MultipleBy providing the internal convex partMultiple installationsSince the inner convex portion is formed, like the convex portion, a contact resistance is generated by the peripheral portion of the inner convex portion, and in addition to the contact resistance by the amoeba-shaped projection, a large slip prevention effect is exhibited and the inner convex portion is lowered. Provide multiple inclined surfacesByThe anti-slip effect is increased by the number of the anti-slip effect, and a plurality of descending inclined surfaces are provided.MultipleWhen the inner convex part is made continuous, the peripheral part thereof has a sawtooth shape as a whole of the angled corners, so that a very large contact (slip) resistance can be generated..
[0049]
  Further, the anti-slip surface structure according to the present invention has a shape having directionality to the protrusions forming the protrusion group, for example, an approximately egg shape, an approximately oval shape, an approximately daruma shape, an approximately gourd shape, an approximately 8 shape, A substantially egg shape, a substantially elliptical shape, a substantially darling shape, a substantially gourd shape, a shape in which the major axis is bent in a curved shape, or a substantially X shape in which a plurality of axes are bent in a curved shape. In addition to adopting an amoeba-shaped projection such as an original amoeba shape that freely changes the substantially Y-shape, the substantially sea-star shape, or the outer circumferential line, various shapes of concave or convex portions are provided on the upper surface of the amoeba-shaped projection, Furthermore, because the axes that determine the direction of each amoeba-shaped protrusion are arranged differently from each other, the appearance form is very dynamic and the design is excellent. Also has the effect of making it.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a bottom of footwear showing an embodiment of the present invention, where (A) is a plan view and (B) is a KK end view in (A).
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the bottom of footwear showing another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a partial plan view showing an arrangement example of “amoeba-shaped protrusions” constituting the anti-slip surface structure of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a specific example of an “amoeba-shaped protrusion” constituting the anti-slip surface structure of the present invention and an axis for determining the directionality thereof.
5A and 5B are tires showing another embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 5A is a partial development view of a ground contact surface portion pattern, and FIG. 5B is an end view of MM in FIG.
FIG. 6 is a partial development view of a ground contact portion pattern of a tire showing another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a sheet mat showing another embodiment of the present invention, in which (A) is a plan view, (B) is an NN end view in (A), and (C) is a part of (B). Enlarged end view.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a sheet mat showing another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a sheet mat (seal) showing another embodiment of the present invention, in which (A) is a plan view, (B) is an end view of OO in (A), and (C) is (B). FIG.
FIG. 10 is a step board for a staircase showing another embodiment of the present invention, in which (A) is a plan view, (B) is a PP end view of (A), and (C) is a sectional view showing an installation state. (D) is sectional drawing which shows another installation state.
FIG. 11 is a flooring showing another embodiment of the present invention, in which (A) is a plan view, (B) is a QQ end view in (A), and (C) is a partially enlarged view of (B). End view.
FIG. 12 is a tile showing another embodiment of the present invention, wherein (A) is a plan view, (B) is an RR end view in (A), and (C) is a partially enlarged end surface of (B). Figure.
FIG. 13 shows a state in which a projection forming a projection group according to an embodiment of the present invention and a tire surface, a shoe bottom surface, etc. are in contact with each other. (B) Positional relationship between the direction of entry of the tire or shoe sole and each projection, (c) Contact with the projection having a concave portion on the tire surface or shoe bottom, etc. FIG. 6 is a state diagram in which subsidence due to elastic deformation is caused, and (d) is a state diagram in which subsidence due to elastic deformation is caused by contact of a tire surface, a shoe bottom, or the like with a protrusion having a convex portion.
FIG. 14 is a handle grip showing another embodiment of the present invention, wherein (A) is a plan view, (B) is an end view of SS in (A), and (C) is a part of (B). Enlarged end view.
FIG. 15 is a plan view of a glove showing another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a handrail showing another embodiment of the present invention, in which (A) is a developed plan view, (B) is a U-U end view in (A), and (C) is a part of (B). Enlarged end view.
FIG. 17 shows another embodiment of the handrail according to the present invention, in which (A) is a plan view, (B) is a TT end view in (A), and (C) is a partially enlarged end surface of (B). Figure.
FIG. 18 shows another amoeba-shaped protrusion according to the present invention, in which (A) is a plan view, (B) is a VV end view of (A), and (C) and (D) are other end views.
FIG. 19 shows another amoeba protrusion according to the present invention, in which (A) is a plan view, (B) and (C) are WW end views in (A), and (D) and (E) are the same. XX end view, (F) and (G) are YY end views.
FIG. 20 shows another amoeba-shaped projection according to the present invention, in which (A) is a plan view and (B) is a ZZ end view in (A).
FIG. 21 shows an “amoeba-shaped protrusion” having a concave portion on the upper surface of the convex portion according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (A) is a plan view, (B) is a cross-sectional view of (A), and (C). (D) is a cross-sectional view taken along line LL in (c) (for example, a state diagram in which a tire surface, a shoe bottom, etc. are subducted due to elastic deformation).
FIG. 22 shows an example of “amoeba-shaped protrusions” arranged on the surface, (A) and (C) are plan views, and (B) and (D) are front views.
FIG. 23 is a plan view of a sole of a conventional sports shoe for preventing slipping.
FIG. 24 is a developed plan view of a conventional studless tire for preventing slipping.
FIG. 25 is a plan view of a conventional anti-slip sheet mat.
[Explanation of symbols]
  2 ... perfect circular projection, 3 ... amoeba-shaped projection, 4, 4 '... concave portion, 6 ... sinking portion, 7, 7' ... peripheral portion, 8 ... convex portion, 8 '... internal convex portion, 8 " ... convex part, 9 ... polygonal protrusion, 12 ... ridge, 15 ... descending inclined surface, 15 '... inclined surface, 20 ... bottom of footwear, 22 ... forward stepping part, 23 ... arch part, 24 ... heel part, 30 ... Tire, 31 ... Main groove, 32 ... Secondary groove, 40 ... Sheet mat, 50 ... Stair tread, 60 ... Floor material, 70 ... Tile, 80 ... Handle grip, 81 ... Main groove, 82 ... Secondary groove , 90 ... gloves, 100 ... handrail

Claims

Footwear bottom (20), tire (30), seat mat (40), stair tread (50), flooring (60), tile (70), handle grip (80), gloves (90) or hand A direction in which a part or all of the projection group formed by arranging a large number of projections along the outer shape on the surface of the slide (100) is provided with the concave portion (4) and / or the convex portion (8) on the upper surface thereof. The center line in the longitudinal direction as an axis for determining the directionality of the amoeba-shaped protrusions (3) in the arrangement direction of the amoeba-shaped protrusions (3) is adjacent to each other. Each amoeba-shaped projection (3) is arranged by being sequentially rotated by an appropriate angle around the center point of the centerline so that the directions are different from the centerline in the longitudinal direction of the amoeba-shaped projection (3). Features anti-slip surface structure.

The upper surface of the amoeba-shaped projections (3), inside the convex portion by providing a plurality of inclined surfaces (15) downward toward the interior of the amoeba-shaped projections (3) (8 ') are formed plural continuously provided The anti-slip surface structure according to claim 1 .