JP2020516494A - 熱収縮性ポリマー及びナノファイバーシートを含む多層複合材 - Google Patents
熱収縮性ポリマー及びナノファイバーシートを含む多層複合材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020516494A JP2020516494A JP2019555764A JP2019555764A JP2020516494A JP 2020516494 A JP2020516494 A JP 2020516494A JP 2019555764 A JP2019555764 A JP 2019555764A JP 2019555764 A JP2019555764 A JP 2019555764A JP 2020516494 A JP2020516494 A JP 2020516494A
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- nanofiber sheet
- carbon nanofiber
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- heat
- sheet
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Abstract
Description
本出願は2017年4月12日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/484,596号の優先権を主張し、当該出願はここに引用することによりその全体が本明細書の記載の一部をなすものとする。
前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層の表面と接触する表面を有し、且つ
前記熱収縮性ポリマーへの熱の印加に応答して、少なくとも一方の寸法において、少なくともサイズが10%縮小するものである。
i)カーボンナノファイバーを含み、側壁を有するカーボンナノファイバーフォレストを生成するステップと、
ii)上記カーボンナノファイバーフォレストの上記側壁または上記側壁の近傍にアタッチメントを結合するステップと、
iii)上記アタッチメントを利用することにより、上記カーボンナノファイバーフォレストから上記カーボンナノファイバーシートを引き出すステップと
を含む方法によって製造される。
i)上記カーボンナノファイバーシートに液体を含浸させて、含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートを形成するステップと、
ii)上記含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートから上記液体を蒸発させて、緻密化カーボンナノファイバーシートを形成するステップと
によって、上記ナノファイバーシートを緻密化するステップを更に含み、
上記緻密化カーボンナノファイバーシートの密度が上記ナノファイバーシートよりも少なくとも100%高い。
i)上記カーボンナノファイバーシートにポリマーを含む液体を含浸させて、ポリマー含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートを形成するステップと、
ii)上記ポリマー含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートから上記液体を蒸発させて、上記カーボンナノファイバーシート層を形成するステップと
を含む。
i)上記カーボンナノファイバーシートの少なくとも一部の上に金属層を堆積させるステップと、
ii)上記カーボンナノファイバーシートにポリマーを含む液体を含浸させて、ポリマー含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートを形成するステップと、
iii)上記ポリマー含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートを上記熱収縮性ポリマー層の上に積層するステップと、
iv)上記ポリマー含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートから上記液体を蒸発させて、上記ナノファイバーシート層を形成するステップと
を含む。
本開示は多層複合材に関し、より詳細には、ナノファイバーシートと熱収縮性ポリマーとを備える多層複合材に関する。
少なくとも1つの熱収縮性ポリマー層と、少なくとも1つのナノファイバーシート層とを備える多層複合材が記載される。これらの層のそれぞれを以下により詳細に説明する。複合材は、最終的な複合材に所望のまたは目標とする特性を与えるために必要な場合、任意の数の熱収縮性ポリマー層とナノファイバーシート層とを備えていてもよく、これらの層の種々の構成を用いることができる。一実施形態において、多層複合材は、ナノファイバーシート層と接触する熱収縮性ポリマー層を備える。このようにして、上記熱収縮性ポリマー層と上記ナノファイバーシート層は共通の表面を共有し、上記熱収縮性ポリマー層は上記ナノファイバーシート層の表面と直接接触する表面を有する。具体的な例を図1に示し、当該図において、多層複合材100は、熱収縮性ポリマー層120と接触するナノファイバーシート層110を備える。この構成においては、各層が分離されており、各層の特徴を特定の用途において最大限に活用することができる。特に、ナノファイバーシート層110の上面130は露出しており、複合体のジュール加熱用の電極との接触に用いることができる。
上記熱収縮性ポリマー層は少なくとも1種の熱収縮性ポリマーを含む。2種以上のポリマーが存在する場合、その組み合わせは均質な組み合わせであってもよく、あるいは混和性もしく非混和性のポリマーブレンドまたは複数の熱収縮性ポリマーの複数の層などの不均質な組み合わせであってもよい。本明細書では、用語「熱収縮性」とは、材料の能力であって、上記材料の寸法を全体的に縮小させる、熱的に誘導される物理的及び/または化学的変化を生じさせる上記能力をいう。従って、熱収縮性ポリマーは加熱すると大きさが小さくなる。本明細書では、熱を印加したときに、材料の少なくとも一方の寸法において、少なくとも10%大きさが縮小する場合に、当該材料は熱収縮性である。かかる寸法変化は、当該ポリマーの収縮する能力を生じさせる当該ポリマーの条件を復旧することなしには可逆的でなく、この特徴により、熱収縮性はポリマーの他の軟化過程及び賦形過程(熱成形など)と区別される。いくつかの実施形態において、上記熱収縮性ポリマー層は配向方向を有してもよく、この配向方向は、例えば、(押出成形または他の公知の成形方法などによる)当該の層の形成時に創出されてもよく、多層複合材は、熱の印加によって、この配向方向に沿って長さが縮小してもよい。
多層複合材のナノファイバーシート層は、少なくとも1つのナノファイバーシートを含む。本明細書では、用語「ナノファイバーシート」とは、複数のナノファイバーの配列であって、当該複数のナノファイバーが、当該シートの厚さの100倍を超える長さ及び/または幅で、端から端へと平面に並んでいる配列をいう。かかる材料としては、Lintec of America, Inc.から市販されているカーボンナノファイバーが挙げられる。例えば、ナノファイバー含有糸またはリボンの種々の組み合わせを始めとする、当技術分野で公知の、カーボンナノチューブなどのナノファイバーまたはナノファイバー様材料を含む任意のシートを用いることができる。本明細書では、用語「ナノファイバー」とは、径が1μm未満の繊維を意味する。本開示の目的に対しては、炭素系材料(例えばカーボンナノチューブ)及び非炭素系材料の両方を「ナノファイバー」と考えてよい。これらの材料については更に詳細に後述する。本明細書の実施形態は主としてカーボンナノチューブから製造されるものとして説明されるが、他の炭素同素体、グラフェン、ミクロンまたはナノスケールのグラファイト繊維及び/またはプレート、更には窒化ホウ素などのナノスケール繊維の他の組成物であっても、後述する技法を用いて緻密化してもよいことが理解されよう。
このように、いくつかの実施形態において、本開示は多層複合材の形成方法に関する。上記方法は、少なくとも1つの熱収縮性ポリマー層と、少なくとも1つのナノファイバー複合材とを結合するステップを含む。上述の構成要素はいずれもこの方法で使用することができ、それぞれの構成要素は説明したようにして製造することができる。例えば、一実施形態において、上記ナノファイバーシート層は、上記熱収縮性ポリマー層の上に、当該熱収縮性ポリマー層が上記ナノファイバーシート層と接触する表面を有するように積層される。別の実施形態において、上記ナノファイバーシート層は、複数のナノファイバーが端から端へと平面に並んでいる配列である少なくとも1つのナノファイバーシートを含む。上記ナノファイバーシートは、
ナノファイバーを含み、側壁を有するナノファイバーフォレストを生成するステップと、
上記ナノファイバーフォレストの上記側壁または上記側壁の近傍にアタッチメントを結合するステップと、
上記アタッチメントを利用することにより、上記ナノファイバーフォレストから上記ナノファイバーシートを引き出すステップと
を含む方法によって製造されてもよい。特定の実施形態において、上記ナノファイバーシートは緻密化され、例えば、
ナノファイバーフォレストからナノファイバーシートを引き出すステップと、
上記ナノファイバーシートに液体を含浸させて、含浸ナノファイバーシートを形成するステップと、
上記含浸ナノファイバーシートから上記液体を蒸発させて、緻密化ナノファイバーシートを形成するステップと
を含む方法によって製造されてもよい。上記液体は更にポリマーを含む。当業者であれば、本開示の利点を考慮すれば、上記方法の他の変化形を認識することとなろう。
実施例1においては、カーボンナノチューブを含むナノファイバーシートを熱収縮管の周囲に巻き付けて、上記カーボンナノチューブシートが上記管の収縮を引き起こす程度まで電気的に加熱できるかどうかを判定した。上記熱収縮管は、熱収縮温度が250°F、収縮率が2:1、外径が1インチ、肉厚が0.04インチのポリオレフィンプラスチック管(McMaster−Carr)であった。上記管に、フォレストから引き出した、純粋なカーボンナノチューブから形成された合計30層のシートを順次巻き付けた。上記シート中のナノチューブの整列が上記管の軸に対して45度のバイアス角になるように当該シートを巻き付けた。次いで、CNTシートで被覆した上記管の表面に、10%のポリメタクリル酸メチル(PMMA)のアセトン溶液を噴霧した。次いで、この生成物を室温で乾燥させて、アセトン溶媒の全てまたは略全てを除去した。感圧テープ(PSAテープ)によって上記カーボンナノチューブシートに固定した可撓性銅電極を用いて、上記被覆した管に8インチ間隔で電気接点を設置した。24Vの電圧を5秒間印加し、これによってその間に上記ポリオレフィン管が50%を超えて収縮した。
実施例2においては、熱収縮フィルムを、カーボンナノチューブを含む金属被覆ナノファイバーシートで被覆した。上記フィルムは、285°Fの収縮温度における収縮率が2:1である、厚さ0.00075インチの熱収縮ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)フィルム(McMaster Carr)であった。このフィルムを、CNTフォレストから引き出したカーボンナノチューブを含む5層のナノファイバーシートで被覆した。本実施例においては、上記ナノファイバーシートは緻密化されておらず、ポリマーを含んでいなかった。次に、上記ナノファイバーフィルムを、電子ビーム蒸着により10nmのチタン(Ti)と100nmの銀(Ag)で被覆した。蒸着は、金属によるCNTの最上層の準共形蒸着が可能なプラネタリーシステムで実施した。金属準共形蒸着後に、上記金属被覆CNT多層複合材を、10%のPMMAのアセトン溶液を用いて緻密化した。この溶液を噴霧により上記CNTシートに塗布した。次いで、室温で乾燥させることによりアセトン溶媒を除去した。このPMMAは、その下にあるCNTシートを、PVC基材などの低表面エネルギーの下にある基材に接着するのに役立つ。但し、後続のシートは接着剤なしで互いに十分に接着できる。次いで、金属被覆CNTシートで被覆したPVCフィルムを、径が約1インチの硬質PVCの円筒の周囲にらせん状(45°)に巻き付けた。PSAテープによって固定した可撓性銅電極を用いて、金属被覆CNTシートを巻き付けた上記円筒の端部に約12インチ間隔で電気接点を設置した。12Vの電圧が唯一の供給したエネルギー源であり、この電圧を、金属被覆CNT/PVC熱収縮シートを巻き付けた上記円筒の1フィートの区間に2秒間印加した。これによって、上記フィルムは約285°Fに加熱され、十分に約50%の収縮を引き起こした。上記金属被覆CNTシートは柔軟で可撓性があり、PVC管の周囲に、当該管の形状を偏らせることなく容易に巻き付けることが可能であった。シートは非常にわずかな形状記憶しか示さず、管の周囲に巻き付けられた際に、ほどける傾向はほとんどまたは全く示さなかった。
Claims (24)
- 少なくとも1つの熱収縮性ポリマー層と、少なくとも1つのカーボンナノファイバーシート層とを備える多層複合材であって、
前記熱収縮性ポリマー層が、
前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層の表面と接触する表面を有し、且つ
前記熱収縮性ポリマー層への熱の印加に応答して、少なくとも一方の寸法において、少なくともサイズが10%縮小するものである、多層複合材。 - 前記熱収縮性ポリマー層が、前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層の表面と接触する表面を有する、請求項1に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層が前記熱収縮性ポリマー層中に包埋されている、請求項1に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記熱収縮性ポリマー層が少なくとも一方の配向方向を有し、前記多層複合材の少なくとも一方の寸法が、熱によって、前記配向方向に沿って縮小される、請求項1に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記熱収縮性ポリマー層が第1の配向方向を有し、及び/又は前記カーボンナノファイバーシートが第1の配向方向を有する、請求項4に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記多層複合材が、管状であり、その長さ、厚さ、円周、又はそれらの組み合わせが縮小される、請求項4に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層が少なくとも1つのカーボンナノファイバーシートを含み、前記カーボンナノファイバーシートは、複数のナノファイバーが端から端へと平面に並んでいる配列を含む、請求項1に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記カーボンナノファイバーシートの平均ナノファイバー径が約30nm未満である、請求項7に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記カーボンナノファイバーシートが、単層カーボンナノチューブ、二層カーボンナノチューブ、及び三層カーボンナノチューブの1種又は複数種から選択される複数のカーボンナノチューブを含む、請求項1に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層が、第1のカーボンナノファイバーシートを含み、この第1のカーボンナノファイバーシートが、隣接する第2のカーボンナノファイバーシートとは異なる繊維配列を有する、請求項1に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層が少なくとも1つの緻密化カーボンナノファイバーシートを含む、請求項1に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層が少なくとも1種のポリマーを更に含む、請求項1に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記ポリマーが前記カーボンナノファイバーシートに含浸している、請求項12に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記カーボンナノファイバーシートの少なくとも1つの表面上に金属層を備える、請求項1に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層が、金属粒子、金属被覆、金属ナノ粒子、金属薄片、金属ワイヤ、金属ナノワイヤ、セラミック粒子、セラミックナノ粒子、セラミック薄片、セラミックワイヤ、セラミックナノワイヤ、顔料、及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される添加剤を含む、請求項1に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記添加剤が、二ホウ化マグネシウム、二酸化チタン、またはリン酸リチウムである、請求項15に記載の多層複合材。
- 前記少なくとも1つのカーボンナノファイバーシート層が、カーボンナノファイバーシートと、前記カーボンナノファイバーシート上の少なくとも1つのグラフェン層とを含む、請求項1に記載の多層複合材。
- 少なくとも1つの熱収縮性ポリマー層と、少なくとも1つのカーボンナノファイバーシート層とを結合するステップを含む、多層複合材を製造する方法であって、
前記熱収縮性ポリマー層が、
前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層の表面と接触する表面を有し、且つ
前記熱収縮性ポリマーへの熱の印加に応答して、少なくとも一方の寸法において、少なくともサイズが10%縮小するものである、方法。 - 前記熱収縮性ポリマー層上に前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層が積層される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層が少なくとも1つのカーボンナノファイバーシートを含み、前記カーボンナノファイバーシートが、複数のナノファイバーが端から端へと平面に並んでいる配列を含み、
前記カーボンナノファイバーシートが、
i)カーボンナノファイバーを含み、側壁を有するカーボンナノファイバーフォレストを生成するステップと、
ii)前記カーボンナノファイバーフォレストの前記側壁または前記側壁の近傍にアタッチメントを結合するステップと、
iii)前記アタッチメントを利用することにより、前記カーボンナノファイバーフォレストから前記カーボンナノファイバーシートを引き出すステップと
を含む方法によって製造される、請求項18に記載の方法。 - i)前記カーボンナノファイバーシートに液体を含浸させて、含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートを形成するステップと、
ii)前記含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートから前記液体を蒸発させて、緻密化カーボンナノファイバーシートを形成するステップと
によって、前記ナノファイバーシートを緻密化するステップを更に含み、
前記緻密化カーボンナノファイバーシートの密度が、前記ナノファイバーシートよりも少なくとも100%高い、請求項20に記載の方法。 - 前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層にポリマーを加えるステップを更に含み、前記加えるステップが、
i)前記カーボンナノファイバーシートにポリマーを含む液体を含浸させて、ポリマー含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートを形成するステップと、
ii)前記ポリマー含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートから前記液体を蒸発させて、前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層を形成するステップと
を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。 - 前記カーボンナノファイバーシート層に金属層及びポリマーを加えるステップを更に含み、前記加えるステップが、
i)前記カーボンナノファイバーシートの少なくとも一部の上に金属層を堆積させるステップと、
ii)前記カーボンナノファイバーシートにポリマーを含む液体を含浸させて、ポリマー含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートを形成するステップと、
iii)前記ポリマー含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートを前記熱収縮性ポリマー層の上に積層するステップと、
iv)前記ポリマー含浸カーボンナノファイバーシートから前記液体を蒸発させて、前記ナノファイバーシート層を形成するステップと
を含む、請求項21に記載の方法。 - 少なくとも1つのグラフェンシートを前記カーボンナノファイバーシートに加えるステップを更に含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
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FR3106774A1 (fr) * | 2020-02-05 | 2021-08-06 | Airbus Operations (S.A.S.) | Procédé de fabrication d’une pièce en matériau composite comportant au moins une étape de détection de morceaux de film de protection |
US11856662B2 (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2023-12-26 | Totalenergies Onetech | Use of composite materials in the manufacture of electrical heating panels, process of production and electrical heating panels thereof |
CN112289487B (zh) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-08-16 | 无锡光美新能源科技有限公司 | 一种新型耐高温阻燃高导电的电动车线束及其制备方法 |
WO2022126281A1 (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-23 | Socovar, Société En Commandite | Method for manufacturing an electrically conductive composite |
CN116728930B (zh) * | 2023-06-21 | 2024-03-29 | 青岛泰博聚合标签有限公司 | 一种高透明聚乙烯热收缩膜及其制备方法 |
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