JP2015139256A - Power distribution network of direct relay type power packet - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that a secondary battery that accumulates power packets is used in a power network that transmits and receives power packets, causing large power loss.SOLUTION: The power distribution network of direct relay type power packets has: nodes including at least three of at least one power generation source having power generation source, a plurality of demanders having loads and a router that is arranged between the power generation source and the demanders and has a switch; and a transmission line that connects the nodes, where all of the nodes share the same synchronous frame constituted of a plurality of slots to which the power packets are transmitted through the transmission line and the power packets are transmitted and received between the power generation source and the demanders through the same slot. In the network, an exclusive power transmission passage is secured between the slots that transmit power when power is exchanged between two specific nodes, which eliminates necessity of a secondary battery and therefore causing little power loss.

Description

  The present invention relates to a power distribution network in which a power generation source and a power consumer are connected by a plurality of routers and transmit and receive power packets.

  Currently, electric power is continuously generated by power companies at power plants and supplied to consumers. On the other hand, electric power generated by consumers on the basis of sunlight or the like has begun to be sold to an electric power company by reversing the supply wiring. In recent years, distributed power generation sources such as solar power and wind power have spread among consumers, and it can be said that a situation where a person who has been a consumer can become a power generation source has occurred.

  Then, it is thought that the system which can purchase the electric power which was purchased only from an electric power company from other power generation sources is desired. In addition, electric power companies are also demanding a system that charges electric power with different power generation costs such as nuclear power, thermal power, and hydropower at different charges.

  In order to meet such a demand, a power distribution system using power packets has been proposed. Patent Document 1 discloses a power packet system that supplies or receives power by packet transmission / reception.

  In this system, a rechargeable secondary battery, storage means for storing identification information of another power packet system that is a supply destination, and a power level selectable based on the power supplied from the secondary battery. A power pulse generating means for generating a power pulse having a time width corresponding to the amount of power supplied to the supply destination, and a power packet including the power pulse in the payload portion and including at least the identification information of the supply destination in the header portion Packet synthesizing means, and transmitting means for transmitting the power packet.

  That is, as in the information network, a power packet having a header and a payload part is generated, identification information of a power transmission destination is placed on the header part, power is placed on the payload part, and the packet is sent over the network.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, a power generation source and a consumer are connected by a power device control terminal device that can be controlled by a communication network, routing on a network related to power transmission and reception, reservation for transmission and reception, and when a reservation time comes, the power transmission source An electric power network system capable of exchanging electric power between nodes (a power generation source and a consumer) by establishing a linked electric line to a power receiving destination is disclosed.

  On the other hand, since power packets cannot be discarded in a power network, there is a problem that collision of power packets and insufficient storage capacity in a power transmission path must be avoided. In response to this problem, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose systems in which all nodes transmit and receive power packets synchronously. Here, transmission / reception of power packets can be reserved in units of frames each having a period called a plurality (N) of slots. Further, according to the descriptions in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2, the number of power packets stored in the power router does not exceed N.

JP 2011-142771 A JP 2011-061970 A

"Proposal of distributed control type power packet network based on synchronous QoS system," IEICE Vol. J-96B, no. 1, Jan. 2013. “Packet Switched Power Network with Decentralized Control Based on Synchronized QoS Routing,” ICTA2012, Orlando, USA, November 2012.

  By exchanging power packets between nodes as in Patent Document 1, it is possible to distinguish the origin of a power generation source (described later) even with the same power. In addition, it seems possible to provide an environment where electric power from distributed generators can be bought and sold. However, since a storage battery is used for exchanging power packets, there arises a problem that power loss becomes very large. Note that Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 are the same in that a storage battery is used for temporarily storing power packets.

  In Patent Document 2, a power network that does not use a storage battery is also described in detail. However, in patent document 2, nothing is described about the handling of the transmission path which becomes unusable while actually transmitting electric power. In other words, although it is clear that the transmission path is reserved and secured, there is no mention of how long the reservation of the transmission path can be used and how long the transmission path is occupied. Obviously, in a constructed power network, if a specific user occupies a specific power transmission path, the overall usage efficiency decreases.

  The present invention has been conceived in view of the above problems, and provides a power network in which a storage battery is not used in the power network and each node can use a power transmission path relatively evenly. In the power network of the present invention, all nodes share a synchronization frame, and transmission / reception of power packets is performed in the same slot.

  The synchronization frame is divided by time intervals called a plurality of slots. The power packet is sent from the power generation source between the slots to the consumer. In addition, during the slot period, an exclusive direct transmission path is secured between the power generation source and the consumer. That is, in the power network according to the present invention, a direct transmission path that connects the power generation source and the consumer is established only for a predetermined period of use. The power network of the present invention is called a direct relay power packet distribution network.

Specifically, the direct relay power packet distribution network according to the present invention is:
At least one power generation source having a power generation source;
Multiple consumers with loads,
A node including at least three routers installed between the power generation source and the consumer and having a switch;
A power transmission line connecting the nodes;
All of the nodes share the same synchronization frame consisting of a plurality of slots in which power packets are transmitted on the transmission line, and transmission / reception of the power packets between the power generation source and the consumer is performed in the same slot. It is characterized by that.

  In the direct relay power packet distribution network according to the present invention, an exclusive transmission path is secured between the specific power generation source and the specific consumer during the slot period. .

In the direct relay power packet distribution network according to the present invention,
All of the nodes include a communication unit, a synchronization unit, and a route reservation unit.

  In the present invention, an exclusive power transmission path can be easily secured because a synchronization frame having a period called a slot in which all nodes transmit power packets is shared. In addition, a power transmission path directly connected between the power generation source and the consumer is secured between the slots, and transmission / reception of the power packet between the power generation source and the consumer is performed in the same slot. It is not necessary to intervene with a power accumulator. Therefore, power transmission with less loss is possible.

  In addition, since the synchronization frame is repeated every predetermined period and the slot reservation is performed for each synchronization frame, a specific node rarely occupies the power transmission path for a long period of time, and the utilization efficiency of the power network is ensured to some extent. The

  Moreover, since the power packet is packetized, the power packet can be exchanged by performing a power packet reservation operation between the routers. Note that this exchange of power packets does not use a storage battery, and therefore has very little loss.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the direct relay type | mold power packet distribution network which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of a router. It is a figure which shows the synchronous frame comprised by a slot. It is a figure which shows the route reservation table of each node. It is a figure which shows the process in which a reservation is performed. It is a figure which shows a mode that the bidirectional | two-way cancellation of an electric power packet generate | occur | produces between nodes.

  Hereinafter, a direct relay type power packet distribution network according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following description exemplifies an embodiment of the present invention, and the following description may be modified without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a direct relay power packet distribution network (hereinafter also simply referred to as “distribution network”) according to the present invention. The power distribution network 1 includes a power generation source 10, a customer 12, a router 14, and a power transmission line 18. The power generation source 10, the customer 12, and the router 14 are connected by a power transmission line 18. Each of the power generation source 10, the customer 12, and the router 14 may be called a node 9.

  FIG. 1 illustrates a case where there are nine nodes 9. Among these, “A” is the power generation source 10, and “B, C, D, E, F” are the consumers 12. “P, Q, R” is the router 14. Hereinafter, “A” is referred to as “node A” or “power generation source A”, “BF” is referred to as “node B” or “customer B”, and “PR” is referred to as “node P” or “node P”. It is called “router P” or the like. Moreover, when distinguishing the power transmission line 18 which connects each node 9, it describes with the code | symbol of the node to connect. For example, the power transmission line 18 connecting the power generation source A and the router P is referred to as a “power transmission line AP”.

  An exclusive power transmission route provided between the specific power generation source 10 and the consumer 12 or between the power generation source 10 and the router 14, and between the router 14, the consumer 12, and the router 14 is referred to as a power transmission path 20. With reference to FIG. 1, the power transmission path 20 (indicated by a thick line) established between the power generation source A and the consumer F will be described. Here, the power transmission path 20 established from the power generation source A to the consumer F is referred to as a power transmission path AF. Then, the power transmission path AF is formed by the power transmission line AP, the router P, the power transmission line PR, the router R, and the power transmission line RF.

  Here, the power transmission line AP and the power transmission line PR are directly connected in the router P without being connected to the other power transmission lines 18, and the power transmission line PR and the power transmission line RF are connected to the other power transmission lines 18 in the router R. If connected without connecting, power can be sent from the power generation source A to the consumer F without receiving interference from any other nodes 9. The interference from the other nodes 9 includes collision between the power packets 34 (described with reference to FIG. 3A) and discarding of the power packet 34.

  That is, the power transmission path 20 is configured by a plurality of power transmission lines 18 (which may include one or more routers 14) that connect the two nodes 9 together. “Exclusive power transmission route” means that while the power transmission path 20 is secured between the two nodes 9, the power transmission line 18 in the power transmission path 20 cannot be used by other nodes 9. To do.

  The power generation source 10 is a person who has a power generation source and is mainly an electric power company. The power generation source may include nuclear power, thermal power, and hydropower. The consumer 12 has a load, and mainly includes factories, buildings, general households, and the like. Note that a distributed power generation source such as solar power generation and wind power generation can be owned not only by an electric power company but also by a general household or factory.

  Therefore, the consumer 12 may become the power generation source 10. Of course, a general household may be the power generation source 10 and another general household may be the consumer 12. Of course, when the power company purchases electricity from the consumer 12, the power company becomes the consumer 12. Therefore, it may be considered that the power generation source 10 and the consumer 12 are on the side of sending or receiving power when exchanging certain power.

  The router 14 is provided between the power generation source 10 and the consumer 12. In the power distribution network 1 of the present invention, all the nodes 9 are connected by a power transmission line 18 in a web shape. Therefore, in order to avoid crosstalk and transmit the power packet 34 without power loss, a power transmission path 20 that can be used only by a specific power generation source 10 and the customer 12 is secured between certain slots. The router 14 is responsible for securing the power transmission path 20.

  FIG. 2 shows a conceptual configuration of the router 14. The router 14 includes a switch 16 that connects only a plurality of connection terminals 15 and at least two connection terminals 15. Here, a case where there are four connection terminals 15 (respectively 15a, 15b, 15c, and 15d) is shown. Each connection terminal 15 is connected to connection lines 18a, 18b, 18c, and 18d. Hereinafter, when the router 14 represents a specific router, the connection terminal may be represented by a router identification character and a lower case alphabet. For example, when the router 14 is the router P, the four connection terminals 15 may be connection terminals Pa, Pb, Pc, and Pd.

  The switcher 16 connects two arbitrary connection terminals 15 among the four connection terminals 15a to 15d. FIG. 2A shows a state in which the switching device 16 connects the connection terminals 15a and 15d and connects the connection terminal 15b and the connection terminal 15c. FIG. 2B shows a state in which the switch 16 is connected to the connection terminals 15a and 15b and the connection terminals 15c and 15d are connected.

  Referring to FIG. 2 (a), connection between connection line 18a and connection line 18d is completely insulated from node 9 to which connection lines 18b and 18c are connected. That is, an exclusive transmission path is secured for the connection between the connection line 18a and the connection line 18d. These connection operations of the switch 16 are executed at the timing of a predetermined slot 32 (described in FIG. 3) by a route reservation table 28 (see FIG. 1) described later.

  Please refer to FIG. 1 again. In the power distribution network 1 of the present invention, all nodes 9 include a communication unit 22, a synchronization unit 24, and a route reservation unit 26. FIG. 1 illustrates only the consumer F. The communication unit 22 can communicate with all the nodes 9 in the power distribution network 1. Communication may be wired or wireless. Moreover, although there is no restriction | limiting in the protocol of communication, you may use the communication protocol of the internet.

  The synchronization unit 24 is used so that all nodes 9 in the power distribution network 1 share the same synchronization frame (details will be described later). The method in which all the nodes 9 share the same synchronization frame 30 is not particularly limited, and for example, a GPS time synchronization method can be suitably used. If the synchronization unit 24 can know which slot 32 (described in FIG. 3) of the synchronization frame 30 (described in FIG. 3) the power packet 34 currently exchanged in the power distribution network 1 is, The configuration is not particularly limited.

  The route reservation unit 26 reserves one of the slots 32 for the power transmission path 20. The route reservation unit 26 reserves the power transmission path 20 for performing transmission / reception of the power packet 34 with the desired power generation source 10 by the communication unit 22. The reservation is written and recorded in the route reservation table 28 of each node 9.

  The communication unit 22, the synchronization unit 24, the route reservation unit 26, and the route reservation table 28 can be configured by an MPU (Micro Processor Unit), a memory, a program, and peripheral devices for input / output.

  Next, the operation of the power distribution network 1 having the above configuration will be described. FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the synchronization frame 30 and the slot 32. The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents power. The synchronization frame 30 has a plurality of slots 32. The number of slots 32 is not particularly limited. However, if the number of slots 32 increases, the period of the synchronization frame 30 becomes longer, and if the power transmission path 20 for transmitting and receiving the power packet 34 cannot be secured at a certain time, the next power transmission path 20 is secured. The waiting time becomes longer.

  Here, sharing the synchronization frame 30 means that all the nodes 9 know which synchronization frame 30 is in which slot 32 in the power transmission path 20 at a predetermined time. Therefore, the synchronization frame 30 and the slot 32 do not need to have a header indicating information regarding the synchronization frame 30 and the slot 32 in particular. Of course, adding a header to each synchronization frame 30 and slot 32 is not excluded.

  The power packet 34 (see FIG. 3A) flows through the power transmission path 20 for the time of the slot 32. The size of the power packet 34 is not particularly limited. However, the power packet 34 can be exchanged between the routers 14 by determining the size of the power packet 34 to some extent. Note that the size determined here may not be one.

  FIG. 3A shows a state in which the synchronization frame 30 is composed of eight slots 32 and the power packet 34 is transmitted to the third slot. Moreover, the state of the power transmission path 20 of the power distribution network 1 at this time is shown in FIG.

  In the power distribution network 1 of FIG. 3B, the power generation source A sends the power packet 34 to the consumer F via the routers P and R. Since the power generation source A, the routers P, R, and the customer F all share the same synchronization frame 30, the power transmission path AF (shown by a thick line) between the power generation source A and the customer F during the third slot period. Is secured. In the router P, the connection terminals Pa and Pd are connected, and in the router R, the connection terminals Ra and Rd are connected. The power packet 34 is transmitted only from the power generation source A to the consumer F through the power transmission path AF. No power is transmitted to other consumers (B to E).

  FIG. 4 shows a route reservation table 28 in which the power generation source A sends power to the consumer F and a route reservation table 28 in which the customer F receives power from the power generation source A. Note that the synchronization frame 30 in which the power packet 34 of FIG. Further, the state of the route reservation table 28 of the routers P and R at the time of the synchronization frame T1 is also shown. The power generation source A and the customer F may have a reservation for connection with other nodes 9. In FIG. 4, the power generation source A shows only the reservation established with the consumer F at the time of the synchronization frame T1. The same applies to the consumer F.

  FIG. 4A shows the route reservation table 28 of the power generation source A. “AF” indicating that the power generation source A is a route reservation for the consumer F is described. In this route reservation table 28, “AP” is described in the third slot, and it is recorded that the power packet 34 is transmitted to the router P.

  FIG. 4B is a route reservation table 28 at the time of the synchronization frame T1 of the router P. In the router P, it is described that the power generation source A and the router R are connected in the third slot ("AR" indicates this). Referring to FIG. 3B, this corresponds to the fact that the router P connects its connection terminals Pa and Pd inside the router P.

  FIG. 4C shows the route reservation table 28 for the synchronization frame T1 of the router R. In the router R, it is described that the router P and the customer F are connected in the third slot (“PF”). Referring to FIG. 3B, this corresponds to the fact that the router R connects its connection terminals Ra and Rd inside the router R.

  FIG. 4 (d) shows only a portion for receiving power from the power generation source A in the reservation at the time of the synchronization frame T <b> 1 of the consumer F. “FA” indicates this. The route reservation table 28 of the customer F describes that the power packet 34 is received by connecting to the router R in the third slot (“R−F”).

  Thus, since all the nodes 9 share the synchronization frame 30, if the slot 32 is reserved in advance and the power transmission path 20 is secured, the power transmission path 20 is configured at the time of the slot 32. The nodes 9 can be directly connected. Therefore, the power packet 34 can be transmitted from the power generation source 10 to the consumer 12 in the same slot 32. Therefore, it is not necessary to arrange a storage device in the power transmission path 20 and there is no power loss in the power transmission path 20. At this time, the power packet 34 is not transmitted to other consumers 12. Such a route reservation table 28 is formed for each synchronization frame 30.

  In order to complete such a reservation, the reservation can be completed if each node 9 knows the reservation status of all the nodes 9 belonging to the power distribution network 1. The reservation may be completed by other methods. The reservation states of these other nodes 9 can be known by communicating with each other by the communication unit 22 of each node 9.

  Next, an example of making such a reservation is shown. The route reservation may be performed by either the power generation source 10 or the consumer 12. Consider a case where a customer F requests a power transmission source A to transmit power. The route reservation is performed by the route reservation unit 26 of each node 9 using the communication unit 22 and the synchronization unit 24. FIG. 5 shows the flow of processing at this time.

  Referring to FIG. 5, the vertical axis represents the time axis. “A, P, R, F” described in the upper horizontal axis direction represents the power generation source A, the router P, the router R, and the consumer F in FIG. First, in order to make a route reservation, the customer F issues a reservation signal that records the desired synchronization frame 30 and the desired number of power packets 34 to the power generation source A. When the power generation source A receives the reservation signal, the power generation source A looks at its own route reservation table 28 and the route reservation table 28 of the node 9 (including P and R) to the consumer F, and examines the number of the slot 32 that can be transmitted. (booking confirmation).

  When all the demands of the consumer F are satisfied, a confirmation signal in which the number of the slot 32 to be transmitted to the consumer F is recorded is returned. This confirmation signal is also sent to the routers P and R that secure the power transmission path AF from the power generation source A to the consumer F. The routers P and R reserve the connection terminal 15 for the power transmission path AF at the slot 32 designated at this stage. The consumer F sends a reservation confirmation signal to the power generation source A. This signal is also transmitted to the routers P and R. The router P, the router R, and the power generation source A that have received the reservation confirmation signal confirm the reservation.

  When the demands of the consumer F are not all fulfilled, the power transmission slot 32 is recorded in the confirmation signal sent by the power generation source A. The synchronization frame 30 desired by the consumer F includes a case where there is no slot 32 that can transmit power to the consumer F.

  Receiving this negative confirmation signal, the consumer F decides whether to send power only to the possible slot 32 or to give up and make a request for another synchronization frame 30. Then, a reservation confirmation signal to that effect is transmitted. The reservation may be discarded by a reservation confirmation signal from the consumer F.

  When the scheduled synchronization frame T1 arrives, the power generation source A transmits the power packet 34. At this time, the routers P and R establish the power transmission path 20 between the power generation source A and the consumer F.

  As described above, the power distribution network 1 according to the present invention forms an exclusive power transmission path 20 for two specific nodes 9 (power generation source 10 and customer 12) for each slot 32 of a certain synchronization frame 30. By doing so, the power packets 34 can be transmitted and received without loss. Further, since the power packet 34 is not stored anywhere in the power transmission path 20, it is clear that the power consumption of the entire network is reduced.

  Next, another power transmission mode that the power distribution network 1 according to the present invention enables will be described. FIG. 6 shows a part of the power distribution network 1. Nodes G and H are connected to the router S. Nodes I and J are connected to the router T. The routers S and T are connected by a power transmission line ST.

  Referring to FIG. 6A, it is assumed that there is a reservation in which a power packet 34 is sent from node G to node I using four consecutive slots 32 in a synchronization frame 30 that is already present. Consider the case where node J wishes to send a power packet 34 to node H using three consecutive slots in the same slot 32. In order to send the power packet 34 to the node H, the node J must use the transmission line ST. However, this period is already scheduled for node G and node I.

  However, if the power packet 34 from node J to node I is transmitted to node I and the power packet 34 to be transmitted from node G to node I is transmitted to node H for the three overlapping slots, node G to node I Both the transmission of the power packet 34 and the transmission of the power packet 34 from the node J to the node H can be satisfied. The remaining one power packet 34 from the node G to the node I may be transmitted from the router S to the router T (see FIG. 6B).

  Thus, transmission / reception of the power packet 34 occurs between the node 9 connected to a certain router 14 and the node 9 connected to another router 14, and the power transmission direction of the power packet 34 is different in the same slot 32. In this case, the power packet 34 flowing between the routers 14 is canceled, and the power packet 34 is allowed to flow between the nodes 9 connected to each other's routers 14, thereby improving the power transmission efficiency. In particular, it is possible to exchange between the nodes 9 by setting the power amount of the power packet 34 to be transmitted and received in advance.

  The cancellation of the power packet 34 between the routers 14 may be performed by the node 9 that makes a reservation later, or may be performed only between the routers 14 without knowing the node 9 at all.

  The power distribution network according to the present invention can be suitably used for a power distribution network including a distributed power source.

1. Direct relay power packet distribution network (distribution network)
9 Node 10 Power generation source 12 Consumer 14 Router 15 Connection terminal 16 Switch 18 Transmission line 20 Transmission path 22 Communication section 24 Synchronization section 26 Path reservation section 28 Path reservation table 30 Synchronization frame 32 Slot 34 Power packets 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d connecting wire

Claims (3)

At least one power generation source having a power generation source;
Multiple consumers with loads,
A node including at least three routers installed between the power generation source and the consumer and having a switch;
A power transmission line connecting the nodes;
All of the nodes share the same synchronization frame consisting of a plurality of slots in which power packets are transmitted on the transmission line, and transmission / reception of the power packets between the power generation source and the consumer is performed in the same slot. A direct relay type power packet distribution network.   2. The direct relay power packet distribution network according to claim 1, wherein an exclusive power transmission path is secured between the specific power generation source and the specific consumer during the slot period.   All of the nodes have a communication unit, a synchronization unit, and a route reservation unit, a direct relay type power packet distribution network.