JP2014128045A - Motor drive unit and electrical apparatus including the same - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、空気調整器の送風ファンなどの用途に供される、モータの駆動装置において、直流電源とインバータ部との接続不具合による破壊・故障の防止に関する。 The present invention relates to prevention of destruction / failure due to a connection failure between a DC power source and an inverter unit in a motor drive device used for a fan such as a blower fan of an air conditioner.
モータなど誘導性負荷に、直流電源から電力を供給する従来のモータ駆動装置は、インバータ部の直流電源入力端子正負間にコンデンサを設けている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。コンデンサは、インバータ部のスイッチ素子の動作に伴う電圧変動やノイズを軽減する目的で設けられる。一般に、直流電源はコネクタなどの接続手段を介して、モータ駆動装置などのインバータ部に接続される。 A conventional motor driving apparatus that supplies power from a DC power source to an inductive load such as a motor has a capacitor provided between the positive and negative DC power input terminals of the inverter unit (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The capacitor is provided for the purpose of reducing voltage fluctuation and noise associated with the operation of the switch element of the inverter unit. Generally, a DC power source is connected to an inverter unit such as a motor drive device through connection means such as a connector.
コネクタは、一般に、直流電源の出力電圧がゼロもしくは、十分小さい値に減じた状態で接続し、その後、直流電源の出力電圧を定格電圧へ増大させてインバータ部の運転が行われる。又、コネクタの切り離しは、直流電源の出力電圧を定格電圧からゼロもしくは、十分小さい値に減じた状態にして行われる。 Generally, the connector is connected in a state where the output voltage of the DC power supply is zero or reduced to a sufficiently small value, and thereafter, the output voltage of the DC power supply is increased to the rated voltage, and the operation of the inverter unit is performed. The connector is disconnected in a state where the output voltage of the DC power supply is reduced from the rated voltage to zero or a sufficiently small value.
大量生産されるこれらモータ駆動装置においては、コネクタなどの接続手段が、接触不良や、ヒューマンエラー、電源のマシンエラーなどにより、前記直流電圧が定格電圧もしくはそれに近い値のまま、コネクタが接続されて、インバータ部が故障するという課題があった。 In these motor drive devices that are mass-produced, the connector is connected to the connector while the DC voltage remains at or close to the rated voltage due to poor contact, human error, power supply machine error, etc. There was a problem that the inverter unit failed.
図４（ａ）において、直流電源１の正負の出力端子は、接続手段５を介して、インバータ部２の直流電源入力端子に接続される。前記直流電源入力端子の正負間にはコンデンサ部３００として、コンデンサＣ１が設けられる。接続手段５は、図中では、説明の都合上、開閉器ＳＷ１、ＳＷ２で示している。図４（ｂ）は、コンデンサＣ１の等価回路である。実際のコンデンサには、静電容量Ｃｓだけでなく、インダクタンス成分Ｌｓ、抵抗成分Ｒｓが存在する。 In FIG. 4A, the positive and negative output terminals of the DC power source 1 are connected to the DC power source input terminal of the inverter unit 2 through the connecting means 5. A capacitor C1 is provided as a capacitor unit 300 between the positive and negative of the DC power supply input terminal. In the figure, the connecting means 5 is indicated by switches SW1 and SW2 for convenience of explanation. FIG. 4B is an equivalent circuit of the capacitor C1. In an actual capacitor, not only the capacitance Cs but also an inductance component Ls and a resistance component Rs exist.
この回路の動作について、図５の特性図に基づき説明する。今、初期状態、時刻ｔ＝ｔ０にて、接続手段５のＳＷ１、ＳＷ２は開路状態、直流電源１（ＶＤＣ）の出力電圧ＶＤＣｏｕｔは、ＶＤＣｏｕｔ＝ＶＤＣ０の定格電圧が出力されている。 The operation of this circuit will be described based on the characteristic diagram of FIG. Now, in the initial state, at time t = t 0 , the SW 1 and SW 2 of the connecting means 5 are in the open state, and the output voltage V DCout of the DC power supply 1 (V DC) is the rated voltage of V DCout = V DC0. Yes.
次に、時刻ｔ＝ｔ１にて、接続手段５のＳＷ１、ＳＷ２は閉路状態になると、直流電源１（ＶＤＣ）から、充電電流ＩＤＣが、コンデンサＣ１へ流れて、コンデンサＣ１が充電されて、電圧ＶＤＣｉｎが増大する。充電電流ＩＤＣの変化率ｄｉ／ｄｔと、コンデンサのインダクタンス成分Ｌｓとの積によりＶＤＣｉｎは、過大に増大して、時刻ｔ＝ｔ２で、ＶＤＣｐ１なるピーク電圧を発生したのち、定格電圧ＶＤＣ０に収束しようとしてＣ１が放電し、時刻ｔ＝ｔ３以降、ＶＤＣｏｕｔ＝ＶＤＣｉｎ＝ＶＤＣ０に収束する。 Then, at time t = t 1, when the SW1, SW2 connecting means 5 becomes closed state, the DC power source 1 (V DC), the charging current I DC is, flows to the capacitor C1, the capacitor C1 is charged Thus, the voltage V DCin increases. V DCin increases excessively by the product of the rate of change di / dt of the charging current I DC and the inductance component Ls of the capacitor, and after generating a peak voltage of V DCp1 at time t = t2, the rated voltage V C1 is discharged in an attempt to converge to DC0, time t = t 3 or later, to converge to the V DCout = V DCin = V DC0 .
ピーク電圧ＶＤＣｐ１の値が、インバータ部の絶対最大定格電圧を越えると、インバータ部を破壊に至らしめるという課題があった。コンデンサＣ１が、小型の積層セラミック
コンデンサの場合には、抵抗成分Ｒｓが比較的小さいため、ｄｉ／ｄｔが大きくなり、上述の課題による故障が往々にあった。
When the value of the peak voltage V DCp1 exceeds the absolute maximum rated voltage of the inverter unit, there is a problem that the inverter unit is destroyed. When the capacitor C1 is a small multilayer ceramic capacitor, since the resistance component Rs is relatively small, di / dt becomes large, and there are often failures due to the above-described problems.
そこで、抵抗成分Ｒｓの比較的大きい電解コンデンサを用いた場合、積層セラミックコンデンサより、一般に大型であり、モータ駆動装置の小型化が困難になるという新たな課題が発生する。又、直列に抵抗を挿入するという手段もあるが、許容損失の大きな部品が必要になり同様の課題が発生する。 Therefore, when an electrolytic capacitor having a relatively large resistance component Rs is used, a new problem arises that it is generally larger than the multilayer ceramic capacitor and it is difficult to reduce the size of the motor drive device. Although there is a means of inserting a resistor in series, a component with a large allowable loss is required and the same problem occurs.
本発明は前記従来の課題を解決するもので、直流電源からインバータ部の入力端子に設けられたコンデンサへの充電電流により発生する過大な電圧がインバータ部を破壊・故障に至らしめるのを防止することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and prevents an excessive voltage generated by a charging current from a DC power source to a capacitor provided at an input terminal of the inverter unit from causing the inverter unit to be destroyed or broken down. For the purpose.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明のモータ駆動装置は、直流電源の出力電圧が、接続手段を介してインバータ部の正・負の入力端子に接続されるとともに、コンデンサ部にも接続され、前記インバータ部の出力端子にはインダクタンス負荷を接続するモータ駆動装置であって、前記コンデンサ部は、コンデンサを複数直列接続した構成であることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, in the motor drive device of the present invention, the output voltage of the DC power supply is connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the inverter unit via the connection means, and is also connected to the capacitor unit. A motor drive device in which an inductance load is connected to an output terminal of the inverter unit, wherein the capacitor unit has a configuration in which a plurality of capacitors are connected in series.
この構成により、接続個数分倍の抵抗成分Ｒｓによりコンデンサへの充電電流のｄｉ／ｄｔを抑制し、コンデンサ自身のインダクタンス成分Ｌｓと前記ｄｉ／ｄｔの積による電圧上昇を小さくして、前記インバータ部の破壊を防ぐことができる。 With this configuration, the di / dt of the charging current to the capacitor is suppressed by the resistance component Rs multiplied by the number of connections, the voltage increase due to the product of the inductance component Ls of the capacitor itself and the di / dt is reduced, and the inverter unit Can prevent destruction.
前記コンデンサは、積層セラミックコンデンサのような小型の部品でよく、信頼性の高いインバータ機器の小型化に貢献することもできる。また、積層セラミックコンデンサは、曲げ応力によりクラックが入って、前記コンデンサのインピーダンスが低下し、電源短絡状態となって破壊しやすいという課題があるが、コンデンサ２個直列接続することにより、一方のコンデンサがショートしても他方のコンデンサが正常であれば電源短絡状態にならず結果的に故障しないという利点もある。 The capacitor may be a small component such as a multilayer ceramic capacitor, and can contribute to miniaturization of a highly reliable inverter device. In addition, the multilayer ceramic capacitor has a problem that a crack is caused by bending stress, the impedance of the capacitor is lowered, and the power supply is short-circuited and easily broken. However, by connecting two capacitors in series, Even if the other capacitor is short-circuited, if the other capacitor is normal, there is an advantage that the power supply is not short-circuited and consequently does not break down.
本発明によれば、インバータ部の破壊を防ぐことができる。 According to the present invention, destruction of the inverter unit can be prevented.
（実施形態１）
図１（ａ）は、本発明の実施形態１におけるモータ駆動装置の構成図である。同図において、直流電源１の正負の出力端子は、接続手段５を介して、インバータ部２の直流電源入力端子に接続される。前記直流電源入力端子の正負間にはコンデンサＣ１、Ｃ２の２個を直列接続したコンデンサ部３が設けられる。インバータ部２の出力端子にはインダクタンス負荷４が接続されている。なお接続手段５は、図中では、説明の都合上、開閉器ＳＷ１、ＳＷ２で示している。
(Embodiment 1)
Fig.1 (a) is a block diagram of the motor drive device in Embodiment 1 of this invention. In the figure, the positive and negative output terminals of the DC power source 1 are connected to the DC power source input terminal of the inverter unit 2 through the connecting means 5. A capacitor unit 3 in which two capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in series is provided between the positive and negative terminals of the DC power supply input terminal. An inductance load 4 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter unit 2. In the figure, the connection means 5 is indicated by switches SW1 and SW2 for convenience of explanation.
図１（ｂ）は、コンデンサＣ１、Ｃ２の等価回路である。実際のコンデンサＣ１、Ｃ２には、静電容量Ｃｓだけでなく、インダクタンス成分Ｌｓ、抵抗成分Ｒｓが存在する。 FIG. 1B is an equivalent circuit of the capacitors C1 and C2. The actual capacitors C1 and C2 include not only the capacitance Cs but also an inductance component Ls and a resistance component Rs.
このモータ駆動装置の動作について、図２の特性図を用い説明する。なお、説明の都合上、従来例の特性を点線で示している。 The operation of this motor drive device will be described with reference to the characteristic diagram of FIG. For convenience of explanation, the characteristics of the conventional example are indicated by dotted lines.
図２において、今、初期状態、時刻ｔ＝ｔ０にて、接続手段５のＳＷ１、ＳＷ２は開路状態、直流電源１（ＶＤＣ）の出力電圧ＶＤＣｏｕｔは、ＶＤＣｏｕｔ＝ＶＤＣ０の定格電圧が出力されている。 In FIG. 2, now, in the initial state, at time t = t 0 , SW1 and SW2 of the connecting means 5 are in the open state, and the output voltage V DCout of the DC power supply 1 (V DC) is the rated voltage of V DCout = V DC0 Is output.
次に、時刻ｔ＝ｔ１にて、接続手段５のＳＷ１、ＳＷ２は閉路状態になると、直流電源１（ＶＤＣ）から、充電電流ＩＤＣが、コンデンサＣ１、Ｃ２へ流れて、Ｃ１、Ｃ２が充電されて、電圧ＶＤＣｉｎが増大する。しかしながら、Ｃ１、Ｃ２が直列接続されていることにより、抵抗成分Ｒｓが２倍になっているため、充電電流ＩＤＣの変化率ｄｉ／ｄｔは、従来例のＣ１だけの場合と比較して小さくなっており、Ｃ１のインダクタンス成分Ｌｓとの積により発生する前記ＶＤＣｉｎも抑えられ、時刻ｔ＝ｔ２で、Ｃ１だけの場合のＶＤＣｐ１より小さいＶＤＣｐ１１なるピーク電圧を発生したのち、定格電圧ＶＤＣ０に収束しようとしてＣ１が放電し、時刻ｔ＝ｔ３以降、ＶＤＣｏｕｔ＝ＶＤＣｉｎ＝ＶＤＣ０に収束する。ピーク電圧ＶＤＣｐ１１の値は、インバータ部の絶対最大定格電圧を超えない値であり、インバータ部に破壊は生じない。 Then, at time t = t 1, when the SW1, SW2 connecting means 5 becomes closed state, the DC power source 1 (V DC), the charging current I DC is, it flows to the capacitor C1, C2, C1, C2 Is charged, and the voltage V DCin increases. However, by C1, C2 are connected in series, the resistance component Rs is doubled, the rate of change di / dt of the charging current I DC is small compared to the case of only C1 of the prior art it is, the V DCin also suppressed generated by the product of the inductance component Ls of C1, at time t = t 2, After generating the V DCP1 smaller V DCp11 becomes peak voltage when only C1, rated voltage C1 discharges in an attempt to converge to V DC0, and converges to V DCout = V DCin = V DC0 after time t = t3. The value of the peak voltage V DCp11 is a value that does not exceed the absolute maximum rated voltage of the inverter unit, and the inverter unit is not broken.
本発明のインバータ部に用いるコンデンサは、比較的に抵抗成分Ｒｓが小さく、Ｌｓが大きいという特性を有するもので、例えば、小型の積層セラミックコンデンサがそれにあたる。 The capacitor used in the inverter unit of the present invention has characteristics that the resistance component Rs is relatively small and Ls is large, and for example, a small multilayer ceramic capacitor corresponds to this.
次にモータの構成について説明する。図３（ａ）は本発明のモータ駆動装置を内蔵したモータの外観図であり、図３（ｂ）は、その断面図である。 Next, the configuration of the motor will be described. FIG. 3A is an external view of a motor incorporating the motor driving device of the present invention, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view thereof.
同図において、ステータ８の上部にブラケット９を設け、ブラケット９の中心部からシャフト１０が突出し、ブラケット９とステータ８の勘合部側面に設けた口出しブッシュ２１からリード線７が引き出され、終端にコネクタ２５が設けられる。 In the figure, a bracket 9 is provided on the upper portion of the stator 8, the shaft 10 projects from the center of the bracket 9, and the lead wire 7 is pulled out from the lead bush 21 provided on the side of the fitting portion between the bracket 9 and the stator 8. A connector 25 is provided.
シャフト１０には、マグネット１１を施したヨーク１２を設け、前記マグネット１１を挟んだ上下に軸受け１３を設けてロータ２０を成している。ステータコア１４には、インシュレータ１５を介して巻線６が施される。巻線６は、インシュレータ１５に設けた巻線端子ピンに接続されている。ステータコア１４は、樹脂２２で一体に成型されてステータ８を成している。ステータ８に、ロータ２０を収め、プリント配線板１７が載せられている。プリント配線板１７には、インバータ部２、磁気センサ１８、そして積層セラミック構造のコンデンサＣ１，Ｃ２が実装され、互いに、プリント配線板上で電気的に接続されている。 The shaft 10 is provided with a yoke 12 provided with a magnet 11, and a bearing 13 is provided above and below the magnet 11 to form a rotor 20. A winding 6 is applied to the stator core 14 via an insulator 15. The winding 6 is connected to a winding terminal pin provided on the insulator 15. The stator core 14 is molded integrally with the resin 22 to form the stator 8. A rotor 20 is housed in the stator 8 and a printed wiring board 17 is placed thereon. The printed wiring board 17 is mounted with an inverter unit 2, a magnetic sensor 18, and capacitors C1 and C2 having a multilayer ceramic structure, and are electrically connected to each other on the printed wiring board.
インバータ部２の出力端子は、巻線端子ピン１６と接続され、直流電源電圧入力端子の正負間には、コンデンサＣ１，Ｃ２が直列に接続されている。ステータ８は、ブラケット９で蓋をした構成である。ブラケット９とインバータ部２との空隙に熱伝導材１９が充填されている。リード線７は一端がプリント配線板１７に接続され他端にはコネクタ２５が設けられる。コネクタ２５に、図示しない直流電源が接続されてモータへ電力が供給される。 An output terminal of the inverter unit 2 is connected to the winding terminal pin 16, and capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in series between the positive and negative of the DC power supply voltage input terminal. The stator 8 is configured by a lid with a bracket 9. A space between the bracket 9 and the inverter unit 2 is filled with a heat conductive material 19. The lead wire 7 has one end connected to the printed wiring board 17 and the other end provided with a connector 25. A DC power source (not shown) is connected to the connector 25 to supply power to the motor.
以上のように、小型の積層セラミックコンデンサ２個を直列接続して用いれば、コンデ
ンサへの充電電流のｄｉ／ｄｔを抑制し、コンデンサ自身のインダクタンス成分Ｌｓと前記ｄｉ／ｄｔの積による電圧上昇を小さくして、前記インバータ部の破壊を防ぐことができ信頼性の高いインバータ機器の小型化が可能になり、図３に示すように、これらインバータ機器をモータのような限られた空間内に具現化することも容易である。
As described above, if two small multilayer ceramic capacitors are used in series, the di / dt of the charging current to the capacitor is suppressed, and the voltage rise due to the product of the inductance component Ls of the capacitor itself and the di / dt is suppressed. This makes it possible to reduce the size of highly reliable inverter devices that can prevent destruction of the inverter section. As shown in FIG. 3, these inverter devices are embodied in a limited space such as a motor. It is also easy to convert.
なお、上記の実施形態１では、コンデンサが２個直列接続した例を説明したが、コンデンサを複数個直列に接続したものでは、コンデンサの抵抗成分Ｒｓが直列接続した複数倍となって、実施形態１と同様の効果により、２個直列接続した場合と同等以上に電圧上昇を抑制することが可能になる。 In the first embodiment described above, an example in which two capacitors are connected in series has been described. However, in the case where a plurality of capacitors are connected in series, the resistance component Rs of the capacitor becomes a multiple of the number in which the capacitors are connected in series. By the effect similar to 1, it becomes possible to suppress a voltage rise more than equivalent to the case where two are connected in series.
本発明によればインバータ部の破壊を防ぐことができる信頼性の高いモータ駆動装置を提供可能であり、モータを搭載した各種電気機器に利用可能である。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the reliable motor drive device which can prevent destruction of an inverter part can be provided, and it can utilize for the various electric equipment carrying a motor.
１ 直流電源
２ インバータ部
３ コンデンサ部
４ インダクタンス負荷
５ 接続手段
1 DC power supply 2 Inverter section 3 Capacitor section 4 Inductance load 5 Connection means
Claims (2)
前記コンデンサ部は、コンデンサを複数直列接続した構成であることを特徴とするモータ駆動装置。 The motor drive device in which the output voltage of the DC power source is connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the inverter unit through the connecting means, and is also connected to the capacitor unit, and an inductance load is connected to the output terminal of the inverter unit Because
The capacitor unit has a configuration in which a plurality of capacitors are connected in series.
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| JP2012280661A JP2014128045A (en) | 2012-12-25 | 2012-12-25 | Motor drive unit and electrical apparatus including the same |
| CN201310740400.1A CN103973175A (en) | 2012-12-25 | 2013-12-25 | Motor driving device, brushless motor and electrical equipment |
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| JP2012280661A JP2014128045A (en) | 2012-12-25 | 2012-12-25 | Motor drive unit and electrical apparatus including the same |
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| JP2014128045A true JP2014128045A (en) | 2014-07-07 |
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| JP (1) | JP2014128045A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103973175A (en) |
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| JPH11118860A (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 1999-04-30 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Method and device for detecting failure of dc capacitor |
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| CN1198381C (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2005-04-20 | 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 | Rotor position detecting method of brushless DC motor having no sensor |
| CN102487231A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-06 | 上海稳得新能源科技有限公司 | Gentle breeze energization type wind driven generator/rectifier system |
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| JPH07264872A (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-10-13 | Toshiba Corp | Inverter device |
| JPH11118860A (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 1999-04-30 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Method and device for detecting failure of dc capacitor |
| JP2000333476A (en) * | 1999-05-18 | 2000-11-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Power conversion apparatus |
| JP2004364406A (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2004-12-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Power conversion apparatus |
| JP2006230156A (en) * | 2005-02-21 | 2006-08-31 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Power converter |
| JP2007116861A (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-05-10 | Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co Ltd | Power conversion device |
| US20070211501A1 (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-13 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Power converter with reduced common mode voltage |
| JP2009247065A (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-22 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Power feeder for freezer |
| JP2010199473A (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-09 | Meidensha Corp | Power conversion unit |
| JP2010206909A (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-09-16 | Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd | Power conversion apparatus |
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| CN103973175A (en) | 2014-08-06 |
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