JP2013090455A - Power distribution system and wiring accessory used therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power distribution system capable of supplying the power only to a necessary load while performing an autonomous operation which does not require a user to perform a reconnection of the loads when switching between an interconnection operation and the autonomous operation.SOLUTION: A socket 4 includes: a first switch 41 interposed between a specific point 73 on a branch line 72 of an interconnection power supply line 7 and a branching point 74 from a main line 71; and a second switch 42 interposed between the specific point 73 connected to the first switch 41 and an autonomous power supply line 8. The first switch 41 switches the connection/disconnection of a load 2 with respect to an interconnection output terminal 33 of a power conditioner 3 and a commercial power system 6, and the second switch 42 switches the connection/disconnection of the load 2 with respect to an autonomous output terminal 34 of the power conditioner 3. A controller 5 controls to open/close the first switch 41 and the second switch 42 based on the operation of the power conditioner 3 so as to turn on the first switch 41 and to turn off the second switch 42 when performing interconnection operation.

Description

  The present invention relates to a power distribution system including a power conditioner that converts electric power from a distributed power source, and a wiring device used therefor.

  In this type of power distribution system, the power conditioner is configured to be able to switch between a grid-operated operation that links the distributed power source to the commercial power system and a self-sustained operation that separates the distributed power source from the commercial power system. A system has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In Patent Document 1, the power conditioner switches between interconnection operation and self-sustained operation according to a mode switching signal from the power supply device for self-sustained operation, and in the self-sustained operation, the power conditioner is connected to a stand-alone operation outlet separated from the commercial power system. Supply power.

  Therefore, according to the power distribution system, it is possible to operate the electric device connected to the outlet for independent operation by switching the power conditioner to autonomous operation even during a power failure.

JP 2010-259170 A

  However, when a stand-alone operation outlet is provided in addition to a normal outlet, the user switched the load connected to the normal outlet to a stand-alone operation due to a power failure or the like during normal operation (interconnection operation). In some cases, it is necessary to connect to the outlet for independent operation. Therefore, there is a problem that it takes time for the user to change the load, and further, the power supply to the load is interrupted until the user changes the load. In addition, due to the difficulty of movement, depending on the load, it may not be possible to connect to a stand-alone outlet, and it may be impossible to supply power to a load desired by the user during the independent operation of the power conditioner.

  In addition, the power conditioner is not desirable to supply power to all loads as usual, because the amount of power that can be supplied to the load is limited by the capacity of the distributed power supply during stand-alone operation. It is desirable to be able to supply power only to a load that is heavy.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above reasons, and it is unnecessary for the user to change the load at the time of switching between the grid operation and the independent operation, and power can be supplied only to the necessary load during the independent operation. An object of the present invention is to provide a power distribution system that can be used and a wiring device used therefor.

  The power distribution system of the present invention is a power conditioner that converts power from a distributed power source and can switch between a grid operation linked to a commercial power system and a stand-alone operation disconnected from the commercial power system, and the commercial power system. Of the interconnecting power supply path that is composed of a connected main line and a branch line branched into a plurality from the main line and that serves as a power supply path from the power conditioner during the interconnected operation, the specific point on the one or more branch lines The first switch inserted between a branch point from the main line, and the specific point where the first switch is connected to the stand-alone power supply path that serves as a power supply path from the power conditioner during the stand-alone operation A second switch inserted between the first switch and a controller for controlling opening and closing of the first switch and the second switch. The first switch and the second switch are opened and closed according to the operating condition of the power conditioner so that the first switch is turned on and the second switch is turned off during system operation. It is characterized by controlling.

  In this power distribution system, the power distribution system further includes a measurement unit that measures the amount of electricity output from the specific point connected to the first switch to the load, and the first switch, the second switch, and the measurement The unit is provided for each of the specific points with respect to two or more branch lines, and the controller includes a result acquisition unit that acquires a measurement result of the measurement unit through communication, and the power conditioner During self-sustained operation, a load to be fed is selected according to at least the measurement result of the measuring unit, and a plurality of the second opening / closing parts are opened and closed so that the load to be fed is connected to the independent feeding path. It is desirable to control them individually.

  In this power distribution system, the controller obtains the amount of power consumed by the load based on the measurement result of the measurement unit during the interconnection operation of the power conditioner, and from the power conditioner. More preferably, the magnitude of the rated output power is acquired, and the load to be fed is selected so that the sum of the power consumption does not exceed the rated output power during the independent operation of the power conditioner.

  In the power distribution system, the controller obtains a magnitude of a harmonic current supplied to the load based on a measurement result of the measurement unit during the interconnection operation of the power conditioner, and In the self-sustained operation, it is more preferable to select the load as the power supply target so that the load that generates the harmonic current equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold is excluded from the power supply target.

  In this power distribution system, the controller obtains a power factor based on a measurement result of the measurement unit during the interconnection operation of the power conditioner, and the power factor is predetermined during the autonomous operation of the power conditioner. More preferably, the load to be fed is selected so that the load below the threshold is excluded from the feed target.

  In this power distribution system, the controller obtains a peak value of an instantaneous current based on a measurement result of the measurement unit during the interconnection operation of the power conditioner, and determines the peak during the autonomous operation of the power conditioner. It is more desirable to select the load to be fed so that the load having a value equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold is excluded from the feed target.

  In this power distribution system, the first switch and the second switch are provided for each of the specific points with respect to two or more branch lines, and the controller connects the first switch. It has an information acquisition part which acquires the load information which the load connected to the specific point holds by communication, and at the time of the independent operation of the power conditioner, at least the load to be fed according to the load information It is more desirable to individually control the opening and closing of the plurality of second opening / closing sections so that the load to be fed is connected to the self-supporting feeding path.

  In this power distribution system, the controller obtains the magnitude of power consumption consumed by the load during normal operation of the load as the load information, and obtains the magnitude of rated output power from the power conditioner, More preferably, the load to be fed is selected so that the sum of the power consumption does not exceed the rated output power during the self-sustaining operation of the power conditioner.

  In this power distribution system, the controller acquires the magnitude of the load current flowing through the load as the load information, acquires the magnitude of the rated output current from the power conditioner, and the autonomous operation of the power conditioner. Sometimes it is more desirable to select the load to be fed so that the sum of the load currents does not exceed the rated output current.

  In this power distribution system, the controller obtains the priority of the load as the load information, and preferentially selects the load having a high priority as the power supply target during the autonomous operation of the power conditioner. More preferably, the load to be fed is selected.

  A wiring device according to the present invention is used in the power distribution system described above, and includes the first switch and the second switch, and is connected to the branch line.

  The wiring device of the present invention is used in the above-described power distribution system, and includes the first switch, the second switch, and the measurement unit, and is connected to the branch line.

  In this wiring device, it is desirable that the wiring device comprises an outlet to which a load can be connected.

  In this wiring device, it is more preferable that the wiring device comprises a branch breaker housed in a distribution board.

  The present invention does not require the user to change the load when switching between the grid operation and the independent operation, and has an advantage that power can be supplied only to the necessary load during the independent operation.

1 is a system configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of a power distribution system according to a first embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the principal part of the power distribution system which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a system block diagram which shows the other structure of the power distribution system which concerns on Embodiment 1. It is a block diagram which shows the principal part of the power distribution system which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG.

(Embodiment 1)
As shown in FIG. 1, the power distribution system of the present embodiment includes a distributed power source 1, a power conditioner 3 that converts power from the distributed power source 1 and supplies it to a load 2, an outlet 4 as a wiring device, and a later-described power distribution system. The controller 5 is provided. In addition, although this embodiment demonstrates as an example the case where a power distribution system is used for a general detached house, not only this but a power distribution system is used for each dwelling unit of a housing complex, a facility, a business office, etc. Also good.

  Here, the distributed power source 1 is composed of a solar cell and a storage battery that output DC power, and a plurality of power sources 3 can be connected simultaneously to one power conditioner 3. The distributed power source 1 may be a fuel cell or a wind power generation facility.

  The load 2 is various electric devices such as a lighting fixture, a refrigerator, a TV, a personal computer, a medical device, and a charger for a mobile phone terminal. In this embodiment, the load 2 is supplied with AC power from the power conditioner 3 or the commercial power system 6. It consists of AC-driven electric equipment that operates in response to supply. For example, if the power conditioner 3 is configured to be capable of outputting DC power, the load 2 may be a DC drive type electric device that operates by receiving supply of DC power.

  The power conditioner 3 has an inverter circuit 30 that converts the DC power of the distributed power source 1 into AC power, and is connected to the commercial power system 6 and is operated independently from the commercial power system 6. These two operation states can be switched. The power conditioner 3 includes an abnormality detection unit 31 that detects the presence or absence of an abnormality in the commercial power system 6, and a mode switching unit 32 that automatically switches between interconnection operation and independent operation according to the detection result of the abnormality detection unit 31. have. The mode switching unit 32 selects the interconnection operation when the commercial power system 6 is normal, and switches to the independent operation when the commercial power system 6 is abnormal such as a power failure. Furthermore, the power conditioner 3 individually has a grid output terminal 33 that serves as an output terminal of power during the grid operation and a self-supporting output terminal 34 that serves as an output terminal of power during the self-sustaining operation.

  The power conditioner 3 also has a charging function for a storage battery as the distributed power source 1. That is, the power conditioner 3 charges the storage battery by the output of the solar battery, for example, during the daytime, and converts the power stored in the storage battery into AC power by the inverter circuit 30 and outputs it at night.

  In the power distribution system shown in FIG. 1, the grid output terminal 33 of the power conditioner 3 is connected to the grid power supply path 7 that serves as a power supply path to the load 2 during grid operation, and the independent output terminal 34 A self-supporting power supply path 8 that is a power supply path to the load 2 during the self-supporting operation is connected.

  The interconnection power supply path 7 includes a main line 71 connected to the commercial power system 6 and a plurality of branch lines 72 branched from the main line 71, and one or more (two in the example of FIG. 1) branch lines 72 among them. Is connected to the outlet 4. In the present embodiment, a distribution board 9 is provided on the interconnection feed path 7. The distribution board 9 includes a main breaker 91 inserted in the main line 71 and a plurality of branch breakers 92 connected to the secondary side (load 2 side) of the main breaker 91 in the main line 71. The branch breaker 92 is inserted in each branch line 72, and the primary side terminal of each branch breaker 92 becomes a branch point from the trunk line 71 in each branch line 72. In FIG. 1, the branch lines 72 are connected to only two branch breakers 92 among the plurality of branch breakers 92, but branch lines (not shown) may be connected to all the branch breakers 92.

  The independent power supply path 8 connects between the outlet 4 that can be used during the autonomous operation of the power conditioner 3 and the independent output terminal 34, and is branched according to the number of outlets 4 that can be used during the autonomous operation. . In the example of FIG. 1, a self-supporting power supply path 8 is connected to both of the two outlets 4 shown in the figure.

  However, it is not essential that all outlets connected to the branch line 72 can be used during the independent operation, and the independent power supply path is provided to at least one outlet among the plurality of outlets connected to the branch line 72. 8 should just be connected. That is, there may be an outlet that is not connected to the independent power supply path 8 but is connected only to the interconnection power supply path 7. Further, there may be an outlet connected only to the independent power supply path 8 without being connected to the interconnection power supply path 7. Hereinafter, in order to distinguish between the outlets, the outlet connected to both the interconnecting power supply path 7 and the independent power supply path 8 is referred to as “outlet 4”, and the outlet connected only to the interconnecting power supply path 7 is referred to as “exclusive power outlet. “An outlet connected only to the independent power supply path 8 is referred to as an“ independent outlet ”.

  With the above configuration, when the power conditioner 3 is connected to the power supply (when the commercial power system 6 is normal), the power from the connection output terminal 33 of the power conditioner 3 and the commercial power system 6 is supplied to the connection power supply path 7. To the outlet 4 and a connection outlet (not shown). On the other hand, during the independent operation of the power conditioner 3 (when the commercial power system 6 is abnormal), the electric power from the independent output terminal 34 of the power conditioner 3 passes through the independent power supply path 8 and the dedicated outlet 4 (not shown). )).

  The outlet 4 is a wiring device capable of detachably connecting a load (electrical device) 2 and is installed on a wall inside or outside the house. Here, the outlet 4 may be a plurality of outlets. In this case, it is possible to simultaneously connect a plurality of loads 2 to one outlet 4. It is assumed that the load 2 connected to the outlet 4 can be arbitrarily selected by the user and is basically connected to the outlet 4 at all times.

  Here, the outlet 4 has a first switch 41 inserted between a specific point 73 on the branch line 72 and a branch point 74 from the main line 71, and a specific point 73 connecting the first switch 41. And the second switch 42 inserted between the self-supporting power supply path 8. In this embodiment, the specific point 73 on the branch line 72 is a connection point of the load 2 in the outlet 4, and the branch point 74 from the trunk line 71 is a primary side terminal of the branch breaker 92. Thereby, the 1st switch 41 switches connection / disconnection of the load 2 with respect to the interconnection output terminal 33 of the power conditioner 3, and the commercial power system 6, and the 2nd switch 42 is a power conditioner. The connection / disconnection of the load 2 is switched with respect to the three independent output terminals 34.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the outlet 4 includes a communication unit 43 that communicates with the controller 5, a switching unit 44 that opens and closes the first switch 41 and the second switch 42, and a load 2. And a measuring unit 45 that measures the amount of electricity (power, current, etc.) output to the. The switching unit 44 individually opens and closes the first switch 41 and the second switch 42 according to a control signal received from the controller 5 by the communication unit 43. The measurement result of the measurement unit 45 is transmitted from the communication unit 43 to the controller 5.

  When the branch line 72 is further branched into a plurality of branches 4 such as when a plurality of outlets 4 are connected to one branch line 72, the specific point 73 is set for each branch of the branch line 72. Also good. In this case, the first switch 41 and the second switch 42 are inserted at every branch of the branch line 72.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the controller 5 instructs to determine control contents of the communication unit 51 that performs communication between the power conditioner 3 and the outlet 4, and the first switch 41 and the second switch 42. It has the determination part 52 and the signal generation part 53 which produces | generates a control signal.

  The controller 5 has a state acquisition unit 54 that acquires an operation state (separately connected operation and independent operation) from the power conditioner 3 via the communication unit 51. The instruction determination unit 52 basically includes The control content is determined according to the operating state of the power conditioner 3. The state acquisition unit 54 receives a signal from the power conditioner 3 via the communication unit 51 every time the operation state of the power conditioner 3 changes, and grasps the current operation state of the power conditioner 3.

  Furthermore, the controller 5 of the present embodiment includes a result acquisition unit 55 that acquires the measurement result of the measurement unit 45 from the outlet 4 via the communication unit 51, and the instruction determination unit 52 performs the autonomous operation of the power conditioner 3. Sometimes the control content is determined in consideration of the measurement result of the measurement unit 45. The signal generation unit 53 generates a control signal in accordance with the control content determined by the instruction determination unit 52, and transmits this control signal from the communication unit 51 to the outlet 4 (the communication unit 43).

  In this embodiment, the controller 5 has a microcomputer as a main component, and realizes the functions of the above-described units by executing a program stored in a memory (not shown). The communication between the communication unit 51 of the controller 5, the outlet 4 (the communication unit 43), and the power conditioner 3 may be wired communication using a dedicated communication line, or may be a self-contained power supply path 8. Power line carrier communication that also serves as a communication line, or wireless communication.

  The operation of the controller 5 for controlling the opening / closing of the first switch 41 and the second switch 42 will be described below with respect to the power distribution system of the present embodiment.

  Based on the operation state of the power conditioner 3 acquired by the state acquisition unit 54, the controller 5 turns on (closes) the first switch 41 and turns off (opens) the second switch 42 at least during the linked operation. ), The instruction determination unit 52 determines the control content. That is, the controller 5 controls the first switch 41 to be turned on and the second switch 42 to be turned off when the power conditioner 3 is connected. As a result, the load 2 connected to the outlet 4 is connected to the interconnection output terminal 33 and the commercial power system 6 of the power conditioner 3 and disconnected from the independent output terminal 34 during the interconnection operation of the power conditioner 3. Will be.

  On the other hand, the controller 5 determines the control content in the instruction determination unit 52 so that the first switch 42 is turned off when the operation state of the power conditioner 3 acquired by the state acquisition unit 54 is the independent operation. At this time (during independent operation), the instruction determination unit 52 determines the control content of the second switch 42 in consideration of at least the measurement result of the measurement unit 45. That is, the controller 5 selects the power supply target load 2 according to at least the measurement result of the measurement unit 45 acquired by the result acquisition unit 55 during the self-sustained operation, and the power supply target load 2 is connected to the self-supporting power supply path 8. Thus, the opening and closing of the plurality of second switches 42 is individually controlled. Thereby, the load 2 connected to the outlet 4 is disconnected from the interconnection output terminal 33 of the power conditioner 3 and the commercial power system 6 and is selected as a power supply target during the independent operation of the power conditioner 3. Only the load 2 is connected to the self-supporting output terminal 34.

  As described below, there are several methods for selecting the load 2 to be fed during the self-sustained operation, and the instruction determination unit 52 can select the load to be fed by one of the following selection methods or a combination of these methods. 2 is selected.

  As a first selection method, the controller 5 selects the power supply target load 2 by comparing the power consumption consumed by the load 2 with the rated output power of the power conditioner 3. In this case, the controller 5 obtains in advance the magnitude of power consumption for each load 2 based on the measurement result of the measurement unit 45 during the interconnected operation of the power conditioner 3, and the rated output power from the power conditioner 3. The size is acquired via the communication unit 51. The rated output power here is the maximum output power at which the power conditioner 3 can operate without stopping its operation, and its magnitude is registered in advance in a memory (not shown) in the power conditioner 3. Has been.

  When the power conditioner 3 is switched to the self-sustained operation, the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed so that the total power consumption does not exceed the rated output power of the power conditioner 3. That is, the controller 5 determines the instruction so that the total sum of the power consumption obtained in advance based on the measurement result of the measurement unit 45 is maximized within a range not exceeding the rated output power of the power conditioner 3. The combination of the loads 2 to be fed is determined by the unit 52.

  As a result, the controller 5 sets the load 2 to be fed during the self-sustaining operation of the power conditioner 3 so that the demand power (that is, the total power consumption of the load 2) does not exceed the rated output power of the power conditioner 3. You can choose appropriately. As a result, the power conditioner 3 can avoid that the output power from the independent output terminal 34 exceeds the rated output power and abnormally stops when the operation state is switched from the grid operation to the independent operation.

  As a second selection method, the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed by comparing the harmonic current flowing through each load 2 with a predetermined threshold. In this case, the controller 5 obtains the magnitude of the harmonic current supplied to the load 2 in advance for each load 2 based on the measurement result of the measurement unit 45 during the interconnection operation of the power conditioner 3. When the power conditioner 3 is switched to the self-sustained operation, the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed so that the load 2 that generates a harmonic current equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold is excluded from the feed target. That is, the controller 5 determines the power supply target in the instruction determination unit 52 so that only the load 2 whose magnitude of the harmonic current obtained in advance based on the measurement result of the measurement unit 45 is less than the threshold is the power supply target. The combination of load 2 to be determined is determined.

  As a result, the controller 5 appropriately selects the load 2 to be fed during the independent operation of the power conditioner 3 from among the loads 2 that have a relatively small harmonic current and are unlikely to distort the output waveform of the power conditioner 3. You can choose. As a result, the power conditioner 3 has an advantage that distortion due to the harmonic current hardly occurs in the output waveform from the independent output terminal 34 when the operation state is switched from the grid operation to the independent operation.

  As a third selection method, the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed by comparing the power factor of each load 2 with a predetermined threshold value. In this case, the controller 5 obtains a power factor for each load 2 in advance based on the measurement result of the measurement unit 45 during the interconnection operation of the power conditioner 3. When the power conditioner 3 is switched to the self-sustained operation, the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed so that the load 2 having a power factor equal to or less than a predetermined threshold is excluded from the feed target. That is, the controller 5 determines the load 2 to be fed by the instruction determination unit 52 so that only the load 2 having a power factor that is obtained in advance based on the measurement result of the measuring unit 45 is larger than the threshold. Determine the combination.

  Thereby, the controller 5 can appropriately select the load 2 to be supplied with power during the independent operation of the power conditioner 3 from among the loads 2 having a relatively large power factor. As a result, the power conditioner 3 has an advantage that when the operation state is switched from the grid operation to the independent operation, the deterioration of the power factor is improved and the electric power can be used effectively.

  As a fourth selection method, the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed by comparing the peak value of the instantaneous current flowing through each load 2 with a predetermined threshold value. In this case, the controller 5 obtains the peak value of the instantaneous current supplied to the load 2 in advance for each load 2 based on the measurement result of the measurement unit 45 during the interconnection operation of the power conditioner 3. When the power conditioner 3 is switched to the self-sustained operation, the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed so that the load 2 whose peak value of the instantaneous current is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold is excluded from the feed target. That is, the controller 5 sets the power supply target in the instruction determination unit 52 so that only the load 2 whose peak value of the instantaneous current obtained in advance based on the measurement result of the measurement unit 45 is less than the threshold value is the power supply target. The combination of load 2 is determined.

  As a result, the controller 5 can appropriately select the load 2 to be fed during the self-sustaining operation of the power conditioner 3 from among the loads 2 that have a relatively small instantaneous current peak value and are unlikely to generate an inrush current. . As a result, when the operation state is switched from the grid operation to the independent operation, the power conditioner 3 abnormally stops because the output current from the independent output terminal 34 exceeds the rated output current due to the inrush current flowing through the load 2. Can be avoided.

  According to the configuration of the present embodiment described above, the first switch inserted between the specific point 73 and the branch point 74 from the main line 71 on one or more branch lines 72 in the interconnection feed path 7. 41 and a second switch 42 inserted between the self-supporting power supply path 8 and the specific point 73 is provided. Further, a controller 5 that controls the opening and closing of the first switch 41 and the second switch 42 is provided. Here, since the controller 5 controls the opening and closing of the first switch 41 and the second switch 42 according to the operating state of the power conditioner 3, the user loads when switching between the linked operation and the independent operation. The work of changing 2 is unnecessary.

  Therefore, it is possible to solve the problem that the user can save time and labor for switching the load 2 and that the power supply to the load 2 is interrupted until the user switches the load 2. In addition, even if the load 2 is difficult to reconnect to the outlet 4 due to reasons such as difficulty in movement, it is possible to receive power supply during both the grid inverter operation and the independent operation of the power conditioner 3. become.

  In addition, since the first switch 41 and the second switch 42 are connected to a specific point 73 on the branch line 72 of the interconnection power supply path 7, the load 2 is loaded during the autonomous operation of the power conditioner 3. Whether to connect to the inverter 3 can be switched in units of the branch line 72. Thereby, the power conditioner 3 can supply electric power only to the necessary load 2 at the time of a self-sustained operation, and can use the limited electric energy of the distributed power supply 1 effectively.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, the controller 5 selects the power supply target load 2 according to at least the measurement result of the measurement unit 45 during the self-sustained operation of the power conditioner 3, and the power supply target load 2 enters the self-contained power supply path 8. Opening and closing of the plurality of second switches 42 are individually controlled so as to be connected. Therefore, the power conditioner 3 can supply power only to the power supply target load 2 that is automatically selected by the controller 5 during the independent operation. Specifically, the controller 5 avoids an abnormal stop of the power conditioner 3 by applying the first to fourth selection methods, or makes the output waveform from the independent output terminal 34 less likely to be distorted. There is an advantage that power can be used effectively.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, since the 1st switch 41, the 2nd switch 42, and the measurement part 45 are all equipped in the outlet 4 as a wiring apparatus, the outlet 4 and the controller 5 are added to the existing power distribution system. The above-described functions can be realized only by adding. However, the 1st switch 41, the 2nd switch 42, and the measurement part 45 may be provided separately from the outlet 4 as a wiring instrument. For example, when the measurement unit 45 is provided separately from the outlet 4, the outlet 4 is configured to communicate with the measurement unit 45 through the communication unit 43 and collect measurement results of the measurement unit 45.

  By the way, although the wiring appliance provided with the 1st switch 41, the 2nd switch 42, and the measurement part 45 consists of the outlets 4 in the said embodiment, it is not only an outlet but a wiring appliance connected to the branch line 42. I just need it. When the wiring device including the first switch 41, the second switch 42, and the measuring unit 45 includes the branch breaker 92 in the distribution board 9, the power distribution system is configured as shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the load 2 is directly connected to the branch breaker 92 by the branch line 72. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and even if the branch line 72 is connected to an outlet and the load 2 is connected to the outlet. Good.

  That is, in the power distribution system of FIG. 3, the self-sustained power supply path 8 is connected between the branch breaker 92 housed in the distribution board 9 and the self-sustained output terminal 34 instead of the outlet, and can be used during self-sustaining operation. Branches are made in accordance with the number of branch breakers 92. In the example of FIG. 3, the self-supporting power supply path 8 is connected to all of the six branch breakers 92 illustrated. However, it is not essential that all the branch breakers 92 can be used during the self-sustained operation, and the self-sustained power supply path 8 is provided to at least one branch breaker 92 among the plurality of branch breakers 92 connected to the branch line 72. It only has to be connected. That is, there may be a branch breaker (interconnection dedicated breaker) that is not connected to the independent power supply path 8 but is connected only to the grid power supply path 7.

  The branch breaker 92 is inserted between the first switch 41 inserted between the specific point 73 on the branch line 72 and the branch point 74 from the trunk line 71, and between the specific point 73 and the self-contained power supply path 8. The second switch 42 is provided. In the configuration of FIG. 3, the specific point 73 on the branch line 72 is the secondary side terminal of the branch breaker 92, and the branch point 74 from the trunk line 71 is the primary side terminal of the branch breaker 92. Further, although not shown in FIG. 3, the branch breaker 92 includes a communication unit 43, a switching unit 44, and a measurement unit 45.

  In the power distribution system of FIG. 3 described above, a function equivalent to that of the above embodiment can be realized only by adding the branch breaker 92 and the controller 5 to the existing power distribution system. Moreover, since the self-supporting power supply path 8 is connected to the power conditioner 3 and the distribution board 9 and has only to be branched for each branch breaker 92 in the distribution board 9, it is branched for each outlet. Compared to, routing becomes easier. When the existing branch breaker 92 is composed of a switch that can be remotely controlled, such as a remote control breaker, if the existing branch breaker 92 is used as the first switch 41, the required number of switches can be reduced. .

(Embodiment 2)
The power distribution system according to the present embodiment is different from the power distribution system according to the first embodiment in a method in which the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed when the power conditioner 3 operates independently. Hereinafter, the same configurations as those of the first embodiment are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

  That is, in the first embodiment, the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed during the self-sustaining operation according to the measurement result of the measurement unit 45, whereas in the present embodiment, the controller 5 The power supply target load 2 is selected according to the stored load information.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the controller 5 holds the load 2 connected to the specific point 73 connected to the first switch 41 instead of the result acquisition unit 55 (see FIG. 2). It has the information acquisition part 56 which acquires the load information currently performed by communication. The load information here is information that the load 2 holds in advance in a memory (not shown), such as the magnitude of power consumption, the magnitude of the negative overcurrent, and the priority described later. Contains information. The information acquisition unit 56 acquires the load information acquired from the load 2 by the outlet 4 as a wiring device through communication in the communication unit 43 from the outlet 4 through communication via the communication unit 51. In the present embodiment, the result acquisition unit 55 and the measurement unit 45 (see FIG. 2) are unnecessary, and are omitted in FIG.

  The controller 5 selects the power supply target load 2 according to at least the load information acquired by the information acquisition unit 56 during the autonomous operation of the power conditioner 3 so that the power supply target load 2 is connected to the independent power supply path 8. In addition, the opening and closing of the plurality of second switches 42 are individually controlled. Thereby, the load 2 connected to the outlet 4 is disconnected from the interconnection output terminal 33 of the power conditioner 3 and the commercial power system 6 and is selected as a power supply target during the independent operation of the power conditioner 3. Only the load 2 is connected to the self-supporting output terminal 34.

  Also in the present embodiment, there are several methods for selecting the power supply target load 2 during the self-sustained operation, as described below, and the instruction determination unit 52 selects one of the following selection methods or a combination method of these. Thus, the load 2 to be fed is selected.

  As a first selection method, the controller 5 selects the power supply target load 2 by comparing the power consumption consumed by the load 2 with the rated output power of the power conditioner 3. In this case, the controller 5 acquires in advance the magnitude of power consumption as load information for each load 2 during normal operation of the load 2 (during linked operation), and the magnitude of the rated output power from the power conditioner 3. Is obtained via the communication unit 51. When the power conditioner 3 is switched to the self-sustained operation, the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed so that the total power consumption does not exceed the rated output power of the power conditioner 3. In other words, the controller 5 supplies power with the instruction determination unit 52 so that the total sum of the power consumption values acquired in advance as the load information is maximized within a range not exceeding the rated output power of the power conditioner 3. The target load 2 combination is determined.

  As a result, the controller 5 sets the load 2 to be fed during the self-sustaining operation of the power conditioner 3 so that the demand power (that is, the total power consumption of the load 2) does not exceed the rated output power of the power conditioner 3. You can choose appropriately. As a result, the power conditioner 3 can avoid that the output power from the independent output terminal 34 exceeds the rated output power and abnormally stops when the operation state is switched from the grid operation to the independent operation.

  As a second selection method, the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed by comparing the load current flowing through the load 2 with the rated output current of the power conditioner 3. In this case, the controller 5 acquires in advance the load current magnitude as load information for each load 2 during normal operation (interconnection operation) of the load 2 and the magnitude of the rated output current from the power conditioner 3. Is obtained via the communication unit 51. The rated output current here is the maximum output current at which the power conditioner 3 can operate without stopping its operation, and its magnitude is registered in advance in a memory (not shown) in the power conditioner 3. Has been.

  When the power conditioner 3 is switched to the self-sustained operation, the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed so that the total load current does not exceed the rated output current of the power conditioner 3. That is, the controller 5 supplies power to the instruction determination unit 52 so that the sum of the magnitudes of the load currents acquired in advance as the load information is maximized within a range not exceeding the rated output current of the power conditioner 3. The target load 2 combination is determined.

  As a result, the controller 5 can appropriately select the load 2 to be fed during the independent operation of the power conditioner 3 so that the sum of the load currents does not exceed the rated output current of the power conditioner 3. As a result, the power conditioner 3 can prevent the output current from the independent output terminal 34 from exceeding the rated output current and abnormally stopping when the operation state is switched from the grid operation to the independent operation.

  As a third selection method, the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed according to the priority determined in advance for each load 2. In this case, the controller 5 obtains the priority as load information for each load 2 during normal operation of the load 2 (during linked operation). When the power conditioner 3 is switched to the self-sustained operation, the controller 5 selects the load 2 to be fed in order from the load 2 having the highest priority. That is, the controller 5 determines the combination of the loads 2 to be supplied by the instruction determination unit 52 so that the load 2 having a higher priority acquired in advance as the load information is preferentially supplied. In this case, the number of loads 2 to be fed may be determined in advance, or in combination with the first and second selection methods, the upper limit is determined by power consumption and negative overcurrent. May be.

  As a result, the controller 5 appropriately selects the load 2 to be supplied during the independent operation of the power conditioner 3 so that the load 2 having a higher priority, such as a lighting apparatus or medical device, is preferentially supplied. be able to. As a result, it can be avoided that the load 2 having a high priority cannot be used when the operation state of the power conditioner 3 is switched from the grid operation to the independent operation.

  According to the power distribution system of the present embodiment described above, the controller 5 selects the power supply target load 2 according to the load information held by the load 2, and thus the measurement unit is omitted from the wiring device (outlet 4). It is possible to simplify the configuration of the wiring device.

  The information acquisition unit 56 is not limited to the configuration in which the outlet 4 acquires the load information acquired from the load 2 by the outlet 4 as described above, and acquires the load information by directly communicating with the load 2 by the communication unit 51. It may be a configuration.

  In the present embodiment, the wiring device including the first switch 41 and the second switch 42 is not limited to the outlet, and may be a branch breaker 92, for example.

  Other configurations and functions are the same as those of the first embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 Load 3 Power conditioner 33 Interconnection output terminal 34 Independent output terminal 4 Outlet 41 1st switch 42 2nd switch 45 Measuring part 5 Controller 55 Result acquisition part 56 Information acquisition part 6 Commercial power system 7 Interconnection power supply Road 71 Trunk line 72 Branch line 73 Specific point 74 Branch point 8 Self-sustained power supply path 9 Distribution board 92 Branch breaker

Claims (14)

A power conditioner that converts electric power from a distributed power source and can switch between interconnection operation linked to a commercial power system and independent operation disconnected from the commercial power system, and a main line connected to the commercial power system and the main line Among the interconnecting power supply paths that are comprised of branch lines branched into a plurality of power lines and serve as power supply paths from the power conditioner during the interconnected operation, a specific point and a branch point from the main line on one or more of the branch lines Inserted between the first switch inserted between, the independent power supply path that becomes the power supply path from the power conditioner during the independent operation, and the specific point connecting the first switch A second switch; and a controller that controls opening and closing of the first switch and the second switch;
The controller includes the first switch and the first switch according to an operating state of the power conditioner so that the first switch is turned on and the second switch is turned off at least during the interconnection operation. A power distribution system characterized by controlling the opening and closing of the two switches. A measuring unit that measures the amount of electricity output from the specific point connected to the first switch to a load;
The first switch, the second switch, and the measurement unit are provided for each of the specific points with respect to two or more branch lines,
The controller has a result acquisition unit that acquires a measurement result of the measurement unit by communication, and selects a load to be fed according to at least the measurement result of the measurement unit during the independent operation of the power conditioner The power distribution system according to claim 1, wherein opening and closing of the plurality of second opening / closing sections are individually controlled so that the load to be fed is connected to the self-supporting feeding path.   The controller obtains the magnitude of power consumption consumed by the load based on the measurement result of the measurement unit during the interconnection operation of the power conditioner, and the magnitude of the rated output power from the power conditioner. The load of the power supply target is selected so that the sum of the power consumption does not exceed the rated output power during the independent operation of the power conditioner. Power distribution system.   The controller obtains the magnitude of the harmonic current supplied to the load based on the measurement result of the measurement unit during the interconnection operation of the power conditioner, and during the autonomous operation of the power conditioner, The power distribution system according to claim 2, wherein the load to be fed is selected so that the load that generates the harmonic current equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold is excluded from the feed target.   The controller obtains a power factor based on a measurement result of the measurement unit during the interconnection operation of the power conditioner, and the power factor is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold during the independent operation of the power conditioner. The power distribution system according to claim 2, wherein the load of the power supply target is selected so that the load is excluded from the power supply target.   The controller obtains a peak value of an instantaneous current based on a measurement result of the measurement unit during the interconnection operation of the power conditioner, and the peak value is a predetermined threshold value during the autonomous operation of the power conditioner. The power distribution system according to claim 2, wherein the load of the power supply target is selected so that the load is excluded from the power supply target. The first switch and the second switch are provided for each of the specific points with respect to two or more branch lines,
The controller includes an information acquisition unit that acquires, by communication, load information held by a load connected to the specific point to which the first switch is connected, and the autonomous operation of the power conditioner Sometimes, a load to be fed is selected according to at least the load information, and the opening and closing of the plurality of second opening / closing sections are individually controlled so that the load to be fed is connected to the self-supporting feeding path. The power distribution system according to claim 1.   The controller acquires, as the load information, the magnitude of power consumption consumed by the load during normal operation of the load, acquires the magnitude of rated output power from the power conditioner, and the power conditioner The power distribution system according to claim 7, wherein the load to be fed is selected so that the sum of the power consumption does not exceed the rated output power during the independent operation.   The controller acquires the magnitude of the load current flowing through the load as the load information, acquires the magnitude of the rated output current from the power conditioner, and the load current during the autonomous operation of the power conditioner The power distribution system according to claim 7, wherein the load to be fed is selected so that a total sum of the load does not exceed the rated output current.   The controller acquires the priority of the load as the load information, and the power conditioner is configured to preferentially set the load having a high priority as the power supply target during the autonomous operation of the power conditioner. The power distribution system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein a load is selected. It is used for the power distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
A wiring device comprising the first switch and the second switch and connected to the branch line. It is used for the power distribution system according to any one of claims 2 to 6,
A wiring device comprising the first switch, the second switch, and the measuring unit and connected to the branch line.   The wiring device according to claim 11 or 12, comprising an outlet to which a load can be connected. It consists of a branch breaker accommodated in a distribution board, The wiring device of Claim 11 or 12 characterized by the above-mentioned.

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