JP2008022605A - Battery with built-in capacitor - Google Patents

Battery with built-in capacitor Download PDF

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JP2008022605A
JP2008022605A JP2006190372A JP2006190372A JP2008022605A JP 2008022605 A JP2008022605 A JP 2008022605A JP 2006190372 A JP2006190372 A JP 2006190372A JP 2006190372 A JP2006190372 A JP 2006190372A JP 2008022605 A JP2008022605 A JP 2008022605A
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capacitor
double layer
electric double
battery
terminal
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Masahiko Suzuki
正彦 鈴木
Takushi Ogawa
琢司 小川
Chihiro Murata
千洋 村田
Kiyohide Tsutsui
清英 筒井
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FDK Energy Co Ltd
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FDK Energy Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
    • H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery with built-in capacitor which is of high output and can be used for a long period with less self discharge. <P>SOLUTION: The battery with built-in capacitor is constituted to have a primary battery, an electric double layer capacitor, and first, second, and third terminals for supplying external circuit with power and that the above first terminal may be connected with one electrode of the above primary battery, the second terminal may be connected with one electrode of the above electric double layer capacitor, and the above third terminal may be connected in common with the other electrode of the above primary battery and the other electrode of the above electric double layer capacitor. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、一次電池と電気二重層キャパシタとを備えて構成されるキャパシタ一体型電池に関し、特に、高出力であり、かつ、自己放電が少なくて長期間使用可能なキャパシタ一体型電池に関する。   The present invention relates to a capacitor-integrated battery comprising a primary battery and an electric double layer capacitor, and more particularly to a capacitor-integrated battery that has a high output and can be used for a long time with little self-discharge.

高容量かつ高出力であるとともに長期間使用可能な電源素子を実現すべく、非水電解液一次電池と電気二重層キャパシタとを並列に接続させた電源素子が開発されている。この電源素子は、高容量、長寿命だが瞬時的に大電流を放電することができない一次電池の弱点を、瞬時的な大電流放電が可能な電気二重層キャパシタで補おうとするものであって、定常的には小電流を要求するが、一時的に大電流を要求することがあるような負荷機器への利用が期待されている（例えば特許文献１参照）。
特許第３７１４６５２号明細書 In order to realize a power supply element that has a high capacity and a high output and can be used for a long time, a power supply element in which a nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery and an electric double layer capacitor are connected in parallel has been developed. This power supply element is intended to make up for the weak point of the primary battery that has a high capacity and long life but cannot instantaneously discharge a large current with an electric double layer capacitor that can instantaneously discharge a large current. It is expected to be used for a load device that normally requires a small current but may temporarily require a large current (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent No. 3714652

しかしながら、電気二重層キャパシタに限らず、高出力のキャパシタは、一般的に自己放電しやすく、この傾向は、高容量であるほど顕著となる。そのため、非水電解液一次電池と電気二重層キャパシタとを並列に接続させておくと、非水電解液一次電池に蓄えられている電力が、電気二重層キャパシタの自己放電によって徐々に消費されてしまう。このため、電池の使用可能期間が短くなるため、電池の交換サイクルが短くなる。その上電池の長期保存もできない。この傾向は、高容量かつ高出力なキャパシタ、とくに電気二重層キャパシタを用いた場合に顕著に現れる。
そのため、高出力であり、かつ、自己放電が少なくて長期間使用可能なキャパシタ一体型電池が求められている。 However, not only the electric double layer capacitor but also a high output capacitor generally tends to self-discharge, and this tendency becomes more prominent as the capacity increases. Therefore, if the nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery and the electric double layer capacitor are connected in parallel, the electric power stored in the nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery is gradually consumed by the self-discharge of the electric double layer capacitor. End up. For this reason, since the usable period of a battery becomes short, the replacement cycle of a battery becomes short. In addition, the battery cannot be stored for a long time. This tendency is conspicuous when a high-capacity and high-power capacitor, particularly an electric double layer capacitor is used.
Therefore, there is a demand for a capacitor-integrated battery that has high output and that can be used for a long time with little self-discharge.

本発明は上記課題を鑑みてなされたものであり、一次電池と電気二重層キャパシタとを備えるキャパシタ一体型電池であって、高出力であり、かつ、自己放電が少なくて長期間使用可能なキャパシタ一体型電池を提供することを主たる目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is a capacitor-integrated battery comprising a primary battery and an electric double layer capacitor, which has a high output and can be used for a long time with little self-discharge. The main purpose is to provide an integrated battery.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明に係るキャパシタ一体型電池は、一次電池と、電気二重層キャパシタと、外部回路に電力を供給するための第１、第２、第３の端子と、を備え、前記第１の端子は、前記一次電池の一方の電極に接続され、前記第２の端子は、前記電気二重層キャパシタの一方の電極に接続され、前記第３の端子は、前記一次電池の他方の電極及び前記電気二重層キャパシタの他方の電極に共通に接続されることを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above problems, a capacitor integrated battery according to the present invention includes a primary battery, an electric double layer capacitor, and first, second, and third terminals for supplying power to an external circuit. The first terminal is connected to one electrode of the primary battery, the second terminal is connected to one electrode of the electric double layer capacitor, and the third terminal is connected to the primary battery. And the other electrode of the electric double layer capacitor are connected in common.

このような態様により、高出力であり、かつ、自己放電が少なくて長期間使用可能なキャパシタ一体型電池を構成することが可能となる。例えば、外部回路の負荷が軽い場合には、本キャパシタ一体型電池の第１の端子と第３の端子とを外部回路に接続して、一次電池の起電力だけを外部回路に供給するようにする。また、外部回路の負荷が重い場合には、第２の端子と第３の端子とを外部回路に接続して、電気二重層キャパシタに充電しておいた電力を外部回路に供給するようにする。電気二重層キャパシタへの充電は、第１の端子と第２の端子とを接続することにより行なうことが可能である。また、第１の端子と第２の端子とが常時接続されているわけではないので、一次電池に蓄えられている電力が、電気二重層キャパシタの自己放電によって消費されてしまうこともないのである。このため、電池の長期保存が可能となると共に、電池の交換サイクルを伸ばすことも可能となる。つまり、等価的には高容量かつ高出力でありながら長期間使用可能な電池が得られる。これにより、電池で駆動される電子回路のメンテナンスの負担も軽減される。   With such an embodiment, it is possible to configure a capacitor-integrated battery that has a high output and that can be used for a long time with little self-discharge. For example, when the load on the external circuit is light, the first terminal and the third terminal of the capacitor-integrated battery are connected to the external circuit so that only the electromotive force of the primary battery is supplied to the external circuit. To do. When the load on the external circuit is heavy, the second terminal and the third terminal are connected to the external circuit so that the electric power charged in the electric double layer capacitor is supplied to the external circuit. . Charging the electric double layer capacitor can be performed by connecting the first terminal and the second terminal. Further, since the first terminal and the second terminal are not always connected, the power stored in the primary battery is not consumed by the self-discharge of the electric double layer capacitor. . For this reason, the battery can be stored for a long time, and the battery replacement cycle can be extended. That is, a battery that can be used for a long period of time while having high capacity and high output is obtained. Thereby, the burden of the maintenance of the electronic circuit driven by a battery is also reduced.

ここで、前記一次電池は、筒形の非水電解液一次電池であり、前記電気二重層キャパシタは、筒形の電気二重層キャパシタであるようにすることもできる。   Here, the primary battery may be a cylindrical non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery, and the electric double layer capacitor may be a cylindrical electric double layer capacitor.

筒形の非水電解液一次電池は、高出力ではないが、高容量である上、電圧の平坦性に優れ、放電末期までほとんど電圧低下を起こさないという特性をもつ。一方、筒形の電気二重層キャパシタは、自己放電は大きいが、高出力で大電流放電が可能であるという特性をもつ。そのため、これらを組み合わせたキャパシタ一体型電池とすることにより、高出力であり、かつ、自己放電が少なく、さらに高容量なキャパシタ一体型電池を提供することが可能となる。   A cylindrical non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery is not high in output, but has a high capacity, excellent voltage flatness, and hardly causes a voltage drop until the end of discharge. On the other hand, a cylindrical electric double layer capacitor has a characteristic that a large current can be discharged at a high output although self-discharge is large. Therefore, by using a capacitor-integrated battery that combines these, it is possible to provide a capacitor-integrated battery that has high output, less self-discharge, and higher capacity.

また前記電気二重層キャパシタは、単体での耐電圧がそれほど高くないので、必要に応じて複数の電気二重層キャパシタが直列に接続されてなるようにしてもよい。
このような態様によって、電気二重層キャパシタの耐電圧を高めることが可能となる。これにより、より信頼性の高いキャパシタ一体型電池を提供することができる。 Moreover, since the electric double layer capacitor has a single withstand voltage that is not so high, a plurality of electric double layer capacitors may be connected in series as necessary.
With such an embodiment, it is possible to increase the withstand voltage of the electric double layer capacitor. Thereby, a capacitor integrated battery with higher reliability can be provided.

また、前記外部回路は、前記第１の端子及び前記第３の端子に接続され、前記キャパシタ一体型電池から電力の供給を受けて稼動する負荷装置と、前記第１の端子と前記第２の端子間を開閉可能に接続するスイッチと、前記スイッチの開閉及び前記負荷装置の負荷を制御する制御装置と、を備え、前記制御装置は、前記負荷装置の負荷を増大させる際に、前記スイッチを閉じて前記電気二重層キャパシタを充電してから前記負荷装置の負荷を増大させるようにすることもできる。   In addition, the external circuit is connected to the first terminal and the third terminal and operates by receiving power supplied from the capacitor-integrated battery, the first terminal, and the second terminal A switch that connects between the terminals so as to be openable and closable, and a control device that controls opening and closing of the switch and a load of the load device, and the control device controls the switch when increasing the load of the load device. It is also possible to increase the load of the load device after closing and charging the electric double layer capacitor.

このような態様によって、外部回路が必要とする電力を、外部回路に対して適切に供給することが可能となる。つまり、負荷装置を稼動させるために必要な電力が一次電池からの電力のみで足りるような軽負荷の場合には、制御装置によってスイッチが開放されることにより、外部回路に対して一次電池だけから電力を供給する。また、負荷装置を稼動させるために必要な電力が一次電池からの電力のみでは足りないような重負荷の場合には、制御装置によってスイッチが閉じられることにより、電気二重層キャパシタへ充電され電力を外部回路へ供給するようにする。その後、負荷装置の負荷が下がり消費電流が減少した場合には、制御装置はスイッチを再び開放して、一次電池からの電力供給に切り替える。スイッチが開放されていれば、一次電池から電気二重層キャパシタへの充電は行なわれないので、電気二重層キャパシタの自己放電による電力消耗も防止できる。   According to such an aspect, it is possible to appropriately supply power required by the external circuit to the external circuit. In other words, in the case of a light load where the power required to operate the load device is sufficient only from the primary battery, the switch is opened by the control device, so that only the primary battery is connected to the external circuit. Supply power. Also, in the case of a heavy load where the power required to operate the load device is not enough from the primary battery alone, the switch is closed by the control device, so that the electric double layer capacitor is charged and the power is supplied. Supply to external circuit. Thereafter, when the load of the load device decreases and the current consumption decreases, the control device opens the switch again and switches to power supply from the primary battery. If the switch is opened, charging from the primary battery to the electric double layer capacitor is not performed, so that power consumption due to self-discharge of the electric double layer capacitor can be prevented.

その他、本願が開示する課題、及びその解決方法は、発明を実施するための最良の形態の欄、及び図面により明らかにされる。   In addition, the problems disclosed by the present application and the solutions thereof will be clarified by the column of the best mode for carrying out the invention and the drawings.

高出力であり、かつ、自己放電が少なくて長期間使用可能なキャパシタ一体型電池を提供することができる。   It is possible to provide a capacitor-integrated battery that has a high output and can be used for a long time with little self-discharge.

本実施形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池１００の外観構成を図１及び図２に示す。本実施形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池１００は、リチウム一次電池１１０と、電気二重層キャパシタ１２０と、コネクタ１３０と、を備えて構成される。   An external configuration of the capacitor-integrated battery 100 according to this embodiment is shown in FIGS. The capacitor-integrated battery 100 according to the present embodiment includes a lithium primary battery 110, an electric double layer capacitor 120, and a connector 130.

図１に示すキャパシタ一体型電池１００は、電気二重層キャパシタ１２０を一つ備える構成であり、図２に示すキャパシタ一体型電池１００は、直列に接続された二つの電気二重層キャパシタ１２０を備える構成である。   The capacitor integrated battery 100 shown in FIG. 1 is configured to include one electric double layer capacitor 120, and the capacitor integrated battery 100 illustrated in FIG. 2 includes two electric double layer capacitors 120 connected in series. It is.

リチウム一次電池１１０は、例えば、ボビン形（筒形）の二酸化マンガンリチウム一次電池や、塩化チオニルリチウム一次電池、フッ化黒鉛リチウム電池など、ボビン形の非水電解液リチウム一次電池により構成される。ボビン形の非水電解液リチウム一次電池は、高容量であり、また自己放電が少ないため保存特性に優れているが、内部抵抗が比較的高いため低出力である、という特性を持つ。   The lithium primary battery 110 is composed of a bobbin-type non-aqueous electrolyte lithium primary battery such as a bobbin-type (tubular) lithium manganese dioxide primary battery, a thionyl lithium chloride primary battery, or a lithium graphite fluoride battery. A bobbin-type non-aqueous electrolyte lithium primary battery has a high capacity and low self-discharge, so that it has excellent storage characteristics, but has a characteristic of low output because of its relatively high internal resistance.

もちろん、リチウム一次電池１１０は一例であり、負荷機器の要求により、電池を直列又は並列接続し、複数本使用しても良い。又マンガン乾電池やアルカリ乾電池、ニッケル乾電池等の広く一般的な一次電池を用いても良い。   Of course, the lithium primary battery 110 is only an example, and a plurality of batteries may be used by connecting batteries in series or in parallel according to the demand of the load device. Moreover, you may use widely general primary batteries, such as a manganese dry battery, an alkaline dry battery, and a nickel dry battery.

電気二重層キャパシタ１２０は、一般的に、高容量、かつ、高出力であるが、自己放電が大きいという特性を持つ。また自己放電は、電気二重層キャパシタ１２０が高容量であるほど大きいという特性を持つ。しかしながら詳細は後述するように、本実施形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池１００においては、電気二重層キャパシタ１２０からの自己放電は起きないため、高容量の電気二重層キャパシタ１２０を用いることが可能である。そのため例えば、ボビン形やラミネート形等の大容量の電気二重層キャパシタ１２０を用いることができる。図１及び図２には、ボビン形の電気二重層キャパシタ１２０を用いた場合の例が示されている。   The electric double layer capacitor 120 generally has a high capacity and high output, but has a characteristic of large self-discharge. Further, the self-discharge has a characteristic that the higher the electric double layer capacitor 120 is, the larger the self-discharge is. However, as will be described in detail later, in the capacitor-integrated battery 100 according to the present embodiment, since the self-discharge from the electric double layer capacitor 120 does not occur, the high-capacity electric double layer capacitor 120 can be used. . Therefore, for example, a large capacity electric double layer capacitor 120 such as a bobbin type or a laminate type can be used. 1 and 2 show an example in which a bobbin type electric double layer capacitor 120 is used.

コネクタ１３０は、外部回路に電力を供給するための端子を３つ備えている。第１の端子１３１は、リチウム一次電池１１０の正極１１１に接続されている。第２の端子１３２は、電気二重層キャパシタ１２０の一方の電極に接続されている。第３の端子１３３は、電気二重層キャパシタ１２０の他方の電極に接続されると共に、リチウム一次電池１１０の負極１１２に接続されている。   The connector 130 includes three terminals for supplying power to an external circuit. The first terminal 131 is connected to the positive electrode 111 of the lithium primary battery 110. The second terminal 132 is connected to one electrode of the electric double layer capacitor 120. The third terminal 133 is connected to the other electrode of the electric double layer capacitor 120 and to the negative electrode 112 of the lithium primary battery 110.

なお、図２に示すように２つの電気二重層キャパシタ１２０を直列に接続するようにすると、キャパシタの耐電圧を向上させることが可能となる。これにより、キャパシタ一体型電池１００の信頼性を向上させることが可能となる。   As shown in FIG. 2, when two electric double layer capacitors 120 are connected in series, the withstand voltage of the capacitors can be improved. Thereby, the reliability of the capacitor integrated battery 100 can be improved.

なお、ボビン形の電気二重層キャパシタ１２０を複数用いる場合には、図２に示すように、それぞれの電気二重層キャパシタ１２０の平面部が対向した状態で配置するようにすると、スペースが有効利用できるため、キャパシタ一体型電池１００を小型化することが可能となる。   When a plurality of bobbin-type electric double layer capacitors 120 are used, as shown in FIG. 2, space can be effectively used by arranging the electric double layer capacitors 120 with the planar portions facing each other. Therefore, the capacitor integrated battery 100 can be reduced in size.

その他、複数の電気二重層キャパシタ１２０を、並列に接続する構成としても良い。この場合は、より大容量のキャパシタ一体型電池１００を提供することが可能となる。   In addition, a plurality of electric double layer capacitors 120 may be connected in parallel. In this case, it is possible to provide a capacitor-integrated battery 100 having a larger capacity.

次に、本実施形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池１００を外部回路２００に接続して、電子回路を構成する場合の回路図の一例を図３に示す。
外部回路２００は、負荷装置２１０と、制御装置２２０と、スイッチ２３０と、を備えて構成される。
負荷装置２１０は、キャパシタ一体型電池１００から電力の供給を受けて稼動する、例えばモータや照明、電熱器等の電力消費装置である。負荷装置２１０は、コネクタ１３０の第１の端子と第３の端子に接続されている。 Next, FIG. 3 shows an example of a circuit diagram when the capacitor integrated battery 100 according to the present embodiment is connected to the external circuit 200 to constitute an electronic circuit.
The external circuit 200 includes a load device 210, a control device 220, and a switch 230.
The load device 210 is a power consuming device such as a motor, a lighting, or an electric heater that operates by receiving power supplied from the capacitor-integrated battery 100. The load device 210 is connected to the first terminal and the third terminal of the connector 130.

制御装置２２０は、負荷装置２１０の負荷を制御する装置である。制御装置２２０は、例えば、負荷装置２２０たるモータの回転数や、照明の明るさ、電熱器からの発熱量を制御する。また制御装置２２０は、スイッチ２３０の開閉を制御する。なお、制御装置２２０を稼動させるための電力は、キャパシタ一体型電池１００から供給しても良いし、他の電池などの他の電源から供給しても良い。   The control device 220 is a device that controls the load of the load device 210. The control device 220 controls, for example, the rotation speed of the motor that is the load device 220, the brightness of the illumination, and the amount of heat generated from the electric heater. The control device 220 controls opening and closing of the switch 230. Note that the power for operating the control device 220 may be supplied from the capacitor-integrated battery 100 or may be supplied from another power source such as another battery.

スイッチ２３０は、コネクタ１３０の第１の端子と第２の端子とを開閉可能に接続する。スイッチ２３０は、例えばリレーやトランジスタ（ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ）等により構成される。スイッチ２３０は、制御装置２２０から出力される制御信号に応じて開閉する。   The switch 230 connects the first terminal and the second terminal of the connector 130 so that they can be opened and closed. The switch 230 is configured by, for example, a relay or a transistor (MOS-FET). The switch 230 opens and closes according to a control signal output from the control device 220.

以上のような構成の下で、制御装置２２０は負荷装置２１０の負荷を制御する。そして制御装置２２０は、スイッチ２３０の開閉を制御することにより、負荷装置２１０への電力源を切り替える制御を行なう。   Under the above configuration, the control device 220 controls the load of the load device 210. And the control apparatus 220 performs control which switches the electric power source to the load apparatus 210 by controlling opening and closing of the switch 230. FIG.

例えば、負荷装置２１０を軽負荷で稼動させる場合には、制御装置２２０は、スイッチ２３０を開放し、負荷装置２１０への電力源をリチウム一次電池１１０に切り替える。   For example, when operating the load device 210 with a light load, the control device 220 opens the switch 230 and switches the power source to the load device 210 to the lithium primary battery 110.

一方、負荷装置２１０を重負荷で稼動させる場合には、制御装置２２０は、スイッチ２３０を閉じて、まず電気二重層キャパシタ１２０を充電する。充電を所定時間行なった後、制御装置２２０は、負荷装置２１０の負荷を上昇させる。そうすると、負荷装置２１０への電力供給は、リチウム一次電池１１０に加え、電気二重層キャパシタ１２０からも行なわれる。これにより、重負荷で稼動する負荷装置２１０に対して、高出力な電気二重層キャパシタ１２０から電力を供給することができる。なお、電気二重層キャパシタ１２０への充電時間を適宜調節することによって、キャパシタ一体型電池１００から様々な電圧を出力することも可能である。   On the other hand, when operating the load device 210 with a heavy load, the control device 220 closes the switch 230 and charges the electric double layer capacitor 120 first. After charging for a predetermined time, the control device 220 increases the load of the load device 210. Then, power is supplied to load device 210 from electric double layer capacitor 120 in addition to lithium primary battery 110. Thereby, electric power can be supplied from the high-power electric double layer capacitor 120 to the load device 210 that operates under heavy load. Various voltages can be output from the capacitor-integrated battery 100 by appropriately adjusting the charging time for the electric double layer capacitor 120.

その後、負荷装置２１０の負荷を下げる場合には、制御装置２２０は、再びスイッチ２３０を開放する。これにより、負荷装置２１０への電力供給源はリチウム一次電池１１０に切り替わる。また、電気二重層キャパシタ１２０とリチウム一次電池１１０とが、電気的に切り離されるので、電気二重層キャパシタ１２０への充電が停止する。そして、電気二重層キャパシタ１２０の自己放電によるリチウム一次電池１１０の電力消耗も起こさせないようにすることができる。   Thereafter, when the load of the load device 210 is reduced, the control device 220 opens the switch 230 again. Thereby, the power supply source to the load device 210 is switched to the lithium primary battery 110. In addition, since electric double layer capacitor 120 and lithium primary battery 110 are electrically disconnected, charging of electric double layer capacitor 120 is stopped. The power consumption of the lithium primary battery 110 due to the self-discharge of the electric double layer capacitor 120 can be prevented from occurring.

なお、図３に示すキャパシタ一体型電池１００の回路図について簡単に説明する。
図３において、リチウム一次電池１１０は、理想電池Ｖｂと内部抵抗ｒｂとが直列に接続されて構成されるものとして示される。リチウム一次電池１１０は内部抵抗ｒｂが比較的大きいため、大電流を出力することが困難である。 A circuit diagram of the capacitor-integrated battery 100 shown in FIG. 3 will be briefly described.
In FIG. 3, the lithium primary battery 110 is shown as configured by connecting an ideal battery Vb and an internal resistance rb in series. Since the lithium primary battery 110 has a relatively large internal resistance rb, it is difficult to output a large current.

また電気二重層キャパシタ１２０は、等価的に、理想キャパシタＣ１に抵抗ｒｓが並列に接続され、抵抗ｒｃが直列に接続されて構成されるものとして示される。抵抗ｒｃは、リチウム一次電池１１０の内部抵抗ｒｂと比べると極めて小さい。そのため、電気二重層キャパシタ１２０からは、大電流を出力することが可能である。また抵抗ｒｓは、通常大きな値を持つが、電気二重層キャパシタ１２０の自己放電に関わるものである。   In addition, the electric double layer capacitor 120 is equivalently shown as having a configuration in which a resistor rs is connected in parallel to an ideal capacitor C1 and a resistor rc is connected in series. The resistance rc is extremely small as compared with the internal resistance rb of the lithium primary battery 110. Therefore, a large current can be output from the electric double layer capacitor 120. Further, the resistance rs usually has a large value, but is related to the self-discharge of the electric double layer capacitor 120.

次に、本実施形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池１００を、１００ｍＡで０．１秒間放電した場合の、第１の端子と第３の端子との間での出力電圧の測定結果を図４に示す。図４において、仕様Ａとは、本実施形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池１００により構成される電池を表し、仕様Ｃとは、本実施形態に係るリチウム一次電池１１０により構成される電池を表す。   Next, FIG. 4 shows the measurement result of the output voltage between the first terminal and the third terminal when the capacitor-integrated battery 100 according to this embodiment is discharged at 100 mA for 0.1 second. . In FIG. 4, the specification A represents a battery configured by the capacitor integrated battery 100 according to the present embodiment, and the specification C represents a battery configured by the lithium primary battery 110 according to the present embodiment.

図４に示されるように、仕様Ｃ、つまりリチウム一次電池１１０のみでは、閉回路電圧が２．５Ｖまで低下してしまうところ、仕様Ａ、つまり本実施形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池１００では、３０秒充電した場合では２．９Ｖの電圧が維持されている。また、充電時間を様々に変えることにより、キャパシタ一体型電池１００からの出力電圧を様々に変化させることができることも示されている。このように、本実施形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池１００は、高出力の電源素子として使用可能であることが示される。また、充電時間を制御することによって、様々な電圧を出力させることも可能であることも示される。   As shown in FIG. 4, the specification C, that is, the lithium primary battery 110 alone, reduces the closed circuit voltage to 2.5 V. However, in the specification A, that is, the capacitor integrated battery 100 according to this embodiment, 30 When charged for a second, a voltage of 2.9 V is maintained. It is also shown that the output voltage from the capacitor integrated battery 100 can be changed variously by changing the charging time in various ways. Thus, it is shown that the capacitor integrated battery 100 according to the present embodiment can be used as a high-output power supply element. It is also shown that various voltages can be output by controlling the charging time.

次に、本実施形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池１００を、７０℃の温度環境の下、４０日間放置した後、１００ｍＡで０．１秒間放電した場合の、第１の端子と第３の端子との間での出力電圧の測定結果を図５に示す。図５において、仕様Ａとは、本実施形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池１００により構成される電池を表し、仕様Ｂとは、リチウム一次電池１１０と電気二重層キャパシタ１２０とを常時並列に接続して構成したキャパシタ一体型電池を表す。なお仕様Ｂに係るキャパシタ一体型電池は、本実施形態にかかるキャパシタ一体型電池１００の第１の端子１３１と第２の端子１３２とを常時接続しておくことにより構成できる。   Next, the capacitor-integrated battery 100 according to this embodiment is allowed to stand for 40 days under a temperature environment of 70 ° C., and then discharged at 100 mA for 0.1 second. The measurement result of the output voltage between the two is shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the specification A represents a battery constituted by the capacitor integrated battery 100 according to the present embodiment, and the specification B represents that the lithium primary battery 110 and the electric double layer capacitor 120 are always connected in parallel. The constructed capacitor integrated battery is shown. The capacitor integrated battery according to the specification B can be configured by always connecting the first terminal 131 and the second terminal 132 of the capacitor integrated battery 100 according to the present embodiment.

図５に示されるように、仕様Ｂ、つまりリチウム一次電池１１０と電気二重層キャパシタ１２０とを常時並列に接続した構成では、閉回路電圧が２．５Ｖまで低下してしまうところ、仕様Ａ、つまり本実施形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池１００では、２．８Ｖの電圧が維持されている。このように、本実施形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池１００は、自己放電が少ないことが示される。   As shown in FIG. 5, the specification B, that is, in the configuration in which the lithium primary battery 110 and the electric double layer capacitor 120 are always connected in parallel, the closed circuit voltage is reduced to 2.5V. In the capacitor integrated battery 100 according to the present embodiment, a voltage of 2.8 V is maintained. Thus, it is shown that the capacitor integrated battery 100 according to the present embodiment has less self-discharge.

以上発明を実施するための最良の形態について説明したが、上記実施の形態は本発明の理解を容易にするためのものであり、本発明を限定して解釈するためのものではない。本発明はその趣旨を逸脱することなく変更、改良され得ると共に、本発明にはその等価物も含まれる。   Although the best mode for carrying out the invention has been described above, the above embodiment is intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and the present invention includes equivalents thereof.

高出力であり、かつ、自己放電が少なくて長期間使用可能なキャパシタ一体型電池１００を提供することができる。   It is possible to provide a capacitor-integrated battery 100 that has a high output and can be used for a long time with little self-discharge.

本実施の形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池の一実施例の外観図である。It is an external view of one Example of a capacitor integrated battery according to the present embodiment. 本実施の形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池の一実施例の外観図である。It is an external view of one Example of a capacitor integrated battery according to the present embodiment. 本実施の形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池を用いた電子回路の回路図である。It is a circuit diagram of the electronic circuit using the capacitor integrated battery which concerns on this Embodiment. 本実施の形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池を放電させた際の出力電圧の測定結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the output voltage at the time of discharging the capacitor integrated battery which concerns on this Embodiment. 本実施の形態に係るキャパシタ一体型電池を所定環境で所定期間放置させた後に放電させた際の出力電圧の測定結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the output voltage at the time of discharging, after leaving the capacitor integrated battery which concerns on this Embodiment to stand for a predetermined period in a predetermined environment.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１００ キャパシタ一体型電池
１１０ リチウム一次電池
１１１ 正極
１１２ 負極
１２０ 電気二重層キャパシタ
１３０ コネクタ
１３１ 第１端子
１３２ 第２端子
１３３ 第３端子
２００ 外部回路
２１０ 負荷装置
２２０ 制御装置
２３０ スイッチ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Capacitor integrated battery 110 Lithium primary battery 111 Positive electrode 112 Negative electrode 120 Electric double layer capacitor 130 Connector 131 1st terminal 132 2nd terminal 133 3rd terminal 200 External circuit 210 Load apparatus 220 Control apparatus 230 Switch

Claims (4)

一次電池と、
電気二重層キャパシタと、
外部回路に電力を供給するための第１、第２、第３の端子と、
を備え、
前記第１の端子は、前記一次電池の一方の電極に接続され、
前記第２の端子は、前記電気二重層キャパシタの一方の電極に接続され、
前記第３の端子は、前記一次電池の他方の電極及び前記電気二重層キャパシタの他方の電極に共通に接続される
ことを特徴とするキャパシタ一体型電池。 A primary battery,
An electric double layer capacitor;
First, second and third terminals for supplying power to an external circuit;
With
The first terminal is connected to one electrode of the primary battery;
The second terminal is connected to one electrode of the electric double layer capacitor;
The third terminal is commonly connected to the other electrode of the primary battery and the other electrode of the electric double layer capacitor. 請求項１に記載のキャパシタ一体型電池であって、
前記一次電池は、筒形の非水電解液一次電池であり、
前記電気二重層キャパシタは、筒形の電気二重層キャパシタである
ことを特徴とするキャパシタ一体型電池。 The capacitor-integrated battery according to claim 1,
The primary battery is a cylindrical non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery,
The capacitor-integrated battery, wherein the electric double layer capacitor is a cylindrical electric double layer capacitor. 請求項１に記載のキャパシタ一体型電池であって、
前記電気二重層キャパシタは、複数の電気二重層キャパシタが直列に接続されてなることを特徴とするキャパシタ一体型電池。 The capacitor-integrated battery according to claim 1,
The electric double layer capacitor comprises a plurality of electric double layer capacitors connected in series. 請求項１に記載のキャパシタ一体型電池であって、
前記外部回路は、
前記第１の端子及び前記第３の端子に接続され、前記キャパシタ一体型電池から電力の供給を受けて稼動する負荷装置と、
前記第１の端子と前記第２の端子間を開閉可能に接続するスイッチと、
前記スイッチの開閉及び前記負荷装置の負荷を制御する制御装置と、
を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記負荷装置の負荷を増大させる際に、前記スイッチを閉じて前記電気二重層キャパシタを充電してから前記負荷装置の負荷を増大させる
ことを特徴とするキャパシタ一体型電池。
The capacitor-integrated battery according to claim 1,
The external circuit is
A load device connected to the first terminal and the third terminal and operated by receiving power from the capacitor-integrated battery;
A switch that connects the first terminal and the second terminal so as to be openable and closable;
A control device for controlling opening and closing of the switch and a load of the load device;
With
When the load of the load device is increased, the control device increases the load of the load device after closing the switch and charging the electric double layer capacitor.
JP2006190372A 2006-07-11 2006-07-11 Battery with built-in capacitor Pending JP2008022605A (en)

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US9524831B2 (en) 2009-08-27 2016-12-20 The Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd. Method for producing hybrid negative plate for lead-acid storage battery and lead-acid storage battery
US9666860B2 (en) 2007-03-20 2017-05-30 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Optimised energy storage device having capacitor material on lead based negative electrode
US9812703B2 (en) 2010-12-21 2017-11-07 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Electrode and electrical storage device for lead-acid system
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JPH0646532A (en) * 1992-03-24 1994-02-18 Hitoshi Tanaka Power supply
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JP2003164075A (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-06-06 Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> Electrical apparatus, computer equipment, intelligent battery, and power-supply control method

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9203116B2 (en) 2006-12-12 2015-12-01 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Energy storage device
US9666860B2 (en) 2007-03-20 2017-05-30 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Optimised energy storage device having capacitor material on lead based negative electrode
JP2010178507A (en) * 2009-01-29 2010-08-12 Equos Research Co Ltd Battery hybrid system and method for using same
US9450232B2 (en) 2009-04-23 2016-09-20 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Process for producing negative plate for lead storage battery, and lead storage battery
US9401508B2 (en) 2009-08-27 2016-07-26 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Electrical storage device and electrode thereof
US9508493B2 (en) 2009-08-27 2016-11-29 The Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd. Hybrid negative plate for lead-acid storage battery and lead-acid storage battery
US9524831B2 (en) 2009-08-27 2016-12-20 The Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd. Method for producing hybrid negative plate for lead-acid storage battery and lead-acid storage battery
JP2011258387A (en) * 2010-06-08 2011-12-22 Hitachi Koki Co Ltd Battery pack and electric power tool employing the same
US9812703B2 (en) 2010-12-21 2017-11-07 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Electrode and electrical storage device for lead-acid system
CN111516518A (en) * 2019-02-05 2020-08-11 马自达汽车株式会社 Vehicle power supply system
CN111516518B (en) * 2019-02-05 2023-08-25 马自达汽车株式会社 Vehicle power supply system

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