【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は一台のインバーターの出力二線のみで多数の放電管を同時点灯制御する方式において、各放電灯毎に接続し初期点灯及び出力を制御する電子安定器と負荷放電管とを繋ぐ接続器回路に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来水銀灯、ナトリューム灯、メタハラ灯等の放電管点灯の安定器器具として、所謂、銅鉄型安定器のトランス、チョークコイルの組み合わせによる重量の大きい大型の安定器一台が一放電管を一対一で点灯制御するのが通例であつた。最近蛍光灯では一台の電子安定器で多数の蛍光灯を点灯制御する方式も現れて来たが、高輝度放電灯、更に高電圧パルスの必要とするメタハラ管等の大電力管をも、二線のみで多数灯を初期点灯及び制御をする装置の実用化は大電力であるための発生ノイズ、効率、製造コスト高、等の難問題がその実用化を妨げてきた。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の銅鉄型安定器、更に電子安定器もふくめて高輝度放電管と安定器が１対１の組で商用交流電源に接続し使用するものが殆どであり、電子安定器の場合など大出力になるとその力率改善、更に出力波形をもかなり補正して、大出力に伴うノイズ発生のレベルをも低下させねばならず、そのための付加装置の回路、部品増加によるコストアップ、はたまた波形補正による効率低下、回路ロスによる反省エネ性も免れない。、したがってノイズレベルの低い小電力のものはともかく、大電力のものはその実用化普及を妨げてきている。それらのノイズ発生問題と言う最大の泣き所さえ改善出来れば、一台の大電力安定器によつて５灯、１０灯の多数灯を同時点灯すると言う、省資源性とコストメリット可能な多灯用装置も出現可能となる。先に特願２００２−３８３４１９で提出したものも一台で多灯を点灯制御に関するものであつた、しかし図２の様に管にかかる出力電圧波形は高調波の多い三角波とその上矩形パルス切り替え時に発生するノイズ１５，１６が小規模ながら常時現れ、小出力管の時はともかく、更に大出力にしようとするとノイズレベルが出力に比例してアップする。また初期の起動高電圧もほどほどなので放電管寿命末期等に多い管の起動電圧上昇に伴う不点灯も防ぐためにも今一段起動電圧を高めたかった。本発明は前記したように点灯以後は出力波形を完全マイルドなサインウエーブ１９に近づけ発生ノイズをも大幅軽減、更に電子安定器ならではの諸機能、つまり調光、高効率、軽量、等の機能維持と大電力安定器一台の出力二線のみに多種高輝度放電管多灯を負荷して初期点灯及び制御する設置によるコストメリット、省エネ性の実現が本発明の目的である。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとするための手段】
１図は本発明の一実施例に使用した矩形波発生用インバーター回路である。Ａ、Ｂ、より左側はＦＥＴ２による昇圧スイチング回路、このＡＢ間昇圧直流電源は３６０Ｖ位に設定しておく。次の各ＦＥＴ５，７のブリジの駆動体６へ周波数可変の矩形波インバーターＩＣ回路１２で駆動、その出力の２線Ｃ、Ｄ、に並列に本発明の各接続器１０，を接続し、それに各放電管１１，を負荷とするのが基本回路である。前述の出願２００２−３８３４１９と異なるところは接続器１０，の構成がコイルだけのインピーダンス制御であったものが、更にコンデンサー９が増えていることである。それが負荷放電管１１，とシリースになっている。そしてインバーター回路１２の可変発振周波数を接続器１０，内蔵されているコンデンサー９の容量Ｃとコイル８，のリアクタンスＬの直列共振周波数２２ｆ中心近くの図４の下点Ｅもしくは上点Ｆ、いずれか一点にインバーター１２の周波数可変用ボリューウムを回し管定格出力時のインピーダンスに合わせ、基本の定格時設定をする。なおこの場合各接続器１０内のリアクタンス８、Ｌ、キャパシティー９の値Ｃによる共振周波数２２ｆのＬＣＲ共振インピーダンス計算、この場合Ｒは管内の負性的抵抗として、入力電圧、管の定格電圧、電流等によりリアクタンス、コイル線徑、キャパシタンスとの合成インピーダンスの簡単な交流計算で、各管種別、出力別に適合したＬ、Ｃ値で各放電管の種類ごとにＬＣ値がきまり、それによって管の種類別接続器１０が小型に簡単に作成できる。一例で３００Ｗ水銀灯の場合、駆動直流電源ＤＣ３６０Ｖ、共振周波数ｆ＝２０ＫＨｚ、Ｌ＝０．６３８ｍＨ コイル１．２ｍｍ線徑 Ｃ＝０．１μＦ。是により１００Ｗ〜４００Ｗ調光可、従ってこの接続器は１００Ｗから最大４００Ｗまでの範囲の水銀灯管どれにもにも使用が可能な接続器１０である。
【０００５】
【作用と実施例】
今一実施例として図１のブリッジ型インバーター回路の可変周波数発振器１２のボリュウムを回し予め設定した周波数つまり図４の接続器１０の共振インピーダンスカーブの共振点周波数２１ｆより低いところに基点Ｅ点１９もしくは高いところに基点Ｆ点２０のどちらかに合わせておき電源を入れる。するとインバーターがその周波数で発振し、それと接続器１０，内のコイル８，、コンデンサー９，と放電管１１のＲが近似的ＬＣ直列共振を起こし、図１のＡ、Ｂ間に起きているブリッジインバーター駆動用電源の３６０Ｖ〜４００Ｖと相まって図３の１７ようにかなり高いＱ倍の起動用放電管電圧１７を、しかも近似的共振波形動作のサイン波高圧を発生する、そのため確実に放電を開始し点灯起動をする。同様の動作で図４の基本点Ｆ点にも設定しても同様に起動できる。この場合は周波数を高くすると反対に暗くなる。放電開始直後は電流が流れ、瞬時的に放電管の管内インピーダンス負性抵抗と放電管１１のインピーダンスＬ、Ｃ、とがＱダンプされ低い放電管電圧にバランスよく折り合いがつき、安定かつマイルドなサインウエーブ電圧１８で点灯を継続する。またこの初期点灯の際は管内ガス温度低く定格の３分の１〜２分の１電流で点灯スタートし、やがて管温上昇で管内インピーダンスの変化に応じ定格に達し安定する、つまり立ち上がり電力はマイルドスタートをする。更にＥ点設定でもＦ点設定でも可変周波数発振器１２、のＶＲを変化させると図４の如く出力調整、調光も無段階にできる。なおインバーターの矩形波出力波形が本発明の接続器を経由して放電管負荷に加えると図３のように起動高圧波１７も通常点灯波形１９ともにノイズの少いサインウエーブで通常点灯時は更にＱダンプされ電圧の低い、近接ＬＣ共振のサインウェーブ波に変化する。それが放電管１１への供給電圧波形になるのでランプ１１，からの電磁放射も僅少になる。このため昇圧電源インバーター、矩形波インバーターの漏洩ノイズ、コモンノイズを一台分だけの回路対策ですみ、本実施例では簡単なインダクター１３をいれるだけでも、従来の銅鉄型安定器のノイズレベル近くまでも下げられる。なおかつこの二線のままで高圧発生器なしで、しかもノイズの少ないマイルド波形でメタハラ管をも軽く点灯制御が可能という一挙両得が発生。なお本実施例では安価な矩形波出力のブリッジインバーターを使用したが、図１のＡＢ間の駆動用電源電圧を必要だけの起動共振高電圧発生に充分なだけ高く取れる、インバターでＡＢ間電圧波高値約３６０Ｖの上下２倍の７２０ＶのＱ倍に起動電圧１７に作用するブリッジ型で矩形波を発振させている。なお発振周波数も可変で、波高値も充分なら。ハーフブリッジ、フォワード、サイン波インバーター、等でもば問題なく同一機能し点灯動作をすることができる。また水銀灯、蛍光灯のみの負荷の場合は高い起動電圧不要で波高値２４０Ｖ位でも良い。本発明の基本動作機能はこれまでの説明したように、単純な共振型インバーターではなく意図的にその動作点を中心の共振周波数２２ｆより上の点Ｆ２０かまたは下の点Ｅ１９かのどちらか一点に設定、その定格動作点で各放電管１１種類、出力に適合させたインダクター８とコンデンサー９とよりなる接続器１０を多種多様の各直列ＬＣよりなる接続器１０，を出力線に並列接続し、起動点灯と調光制御が可能な共振点近接の周波数の変化による可変インピーダンスの近接共振制御によるノイズ抑制点灯機能である。つまりこの点灯の動作を動作波形的に繰り返すとと、矩形波発振のインバーターに本発明の接続器１０を付け通電する、近似的共振で高電圧サインウエーブ１７を発生し点灯を開始、点灯後は放電管内部インピーダンスで自動的にＱダンプされＬＣＲの共振インピーダンスのマイルドな低電圧サイン波１８波形による点灯電圧で安定点灯、そして周波数を変化させ直列ＬＣＲ近似共振インピーダンスのによる放電管１１電流を安定に制御をする。その際点灯初期は管温度低く管内インピーダンス高く定格の３分の１〜２分の１からのマイルドにスタート動作をする。
【０００６】
【発明の効果】
本発明の高出力多灯型電子安定器の二線出力のみで、最大出力以内であれば、蛍光灯、水銀灯、メタハラ灯、ナトリュウム灯の各種放電管、しかも各放電管の出力が別々であっても、各灯に適合した容量のＬ、Ｃを収納した本発明による接続器１０を繋ぐだけで大出力でありながら理想的低ノイズのサイン波１８で多種多灯を並列に確実初期点灯、起動用高圧パルス回路も不要、そしてインバーター周波数を変化することで全灯を同率の調光が簡単に可能である。Ｑダンプされたインピーダンス制御なので、放電出力を下げると自動的に管電圧が上昇するので定格の３０％位まで問題ない大幅な調光が出来る。また初期点灯時も充分な高圧ながらマイルドなサイン波形１７でごく短時間で点灯するので、従来の連続する高圧パルス波発生点灯器と異なり、電極への初期点灯ストレス少なく、多数灯同時点灯のノイズレベルも少ない、起動電圧のいらない放電管の寿命末期の点灯のしにくさも解消する寿命延長的効果、消灯後再点灯する場合の待ち時間も半減できる。しかも一台の電子安定器で５灯、１０灯を２線のみで配線ですむ上、従来の銅鉄型安定器の場合など起動時数分間は定格２倍以上電流が流れるため、照明配線容量に倍近い余裕が必要だったが、本安定器はマイルドスタートなので配線定格一杯の放電灯負荷を賄え、従って倍近い多灯数を一回路に接続できる。設置コストも本体は１台なので、本体の雑音、高調波対策を更に数段高めたとしても従来の１灯１台の安定器の１０台分と比べコストも半分以下ですむ。また本発明の接続器１０の各構成部品常数である共振周波数、リアクタンス材、コンデンサーをロスの少ない高効率に設計すると、例えば１０灯１０台分の各安定器の累積合計ロスに比べて本器の場合一台なので２５％〜３６％も低い省エネ性をも発揮出来る。なお高圧パルスの必要としない水銀灯の場合でも放電の開始電流が流れると接続器１０の構造上その瞬間Ｑダンプして電圧が下がるので管寿命への影響も僅少である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の多灯用放電管電子安定器回路と接続器の全体配線図
【図２】出願番号２００２−３８３４１９の接続器経由による放電管への出力電圧波形
【図３】安定器からの矩形波を本発明の接続器１０経由の放電管１１への出力電圧波形
【図４】本発明による設定２基点とＬＣＲ共振インピーダンスグラフと調光関係図
【符号の説明】
１は直流電源
２は昇圧用スイッチング用ＦＥＴ
３はゲート駆動部
４は電源用昇圧インバーターＩＣ回路
５はブリッジスイッチング用ＦＥＴ（絶縁部）
６はフォトカプラーの駆動部、矩形波発信器１２からの信号を入力（配線省略）
７はブリッジスイチング用ＦＥＴ
８はインダクタンスＬ
９はキァパシタンスＣ
１０は８，９収納用接続器ボックス
１１は各負荷の放電管
１２は周波数可変矩形波発振回路
１３はノイズフィルター
１４はフューズ
１５はに特願２００２−３８３４１９による矩形波出力波形とノイズ
１６はの特願２００２−３８３４１９による点灯後接続器出力三角波形とノイズ
１７は本発明の初期点灯時の接続器の高圧発振波形
１８は本発明の通常点灯時の接続器の出力波形
１９は共振周波数ｆより低い方の定格調整基点Ｅ
２０は共振周波数ｆより高い方の定格調整基点Ｆ
２１はＬＣＲ共振カーブによるインピーダンス、周波数グラフ
２２はＬ８，Ｃ９の共振点ｆ、ＬＣの平方根分の１、共振カーブの最下点[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a system for simultaneously lighting and controlling a large number of discharge tubes with only two lines of output of one inverter, and a connection for connecting an electronic ballast for controlling initial lighting and output for each discharge lamp and a load discharge tube. Circuit.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a ballast device for lighting a discharge tube such as a mercury lamp, a sodium lamp, and a metahala lamp, one large ballast having a large weight by combining a so-called copper-iron type ballast transformer and a choke coil has one discharge tube one-to-one. It was customary to control the lighting with. Recently, a method of controlling the lighting of a large number of fluorescent lamps with one electronic ballast has emerged for fluorescent lamps, but high-power discharge tubes, such as high-intensity discharge lamps and meta-hara tubes requiring high-voltage pulses, have also been developed. Practical use of a device for initially lighting and controlling a large number of lamps using only two wires has been difficult due to high power, noise, efficiency, high manufacturing cost, and other difficult problems.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In most cases, high-intensity discharge tubes and ballasts are connected to a commercial AC power supply in one-to-one pairs, including conventional copper-iron ballasts and electronic ballasts. When the output is obtained, the power factor must be improved, and the output waveform must be considerably corrected to reduce the level of noise generation associated with the large output. Efficiency reduction due to waveform correction and anti-energy saving due to circuit loss are inevitable. Therefore, aside from the low power type having a low noise level, the high power type has hindered its practical use. As long as the biggest crying point, such as the problem of noise generation, can be improved, a large power stabilizer can be used to light up 5 or 10 lights at the same time. Apparatus can also appear. The one previously filed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-383419 was also concerned with lighting control of multiple lamps by one unit. However, as shown in FIG. 2, the output voltage waveform applied to the tube is switched between a triangular wave with many harmonics and a rectangular pulse on it. The noises 15 and 16 that occur at all times appear constantly in a small scale, and aside from the small output tube, if the output is further increased, the noise level increases in proportion to the output. In addition, since the initial starting high voltage is also moderate, it was desired to increase the starting voltage by one step in order to prevent a non-lighting caused by an increase in the starting voltage of the tube which is often at the end of the discharge tube life. As described above, the present invention brings the output waveform closer to the completely mild sine wave 19 after lighting, greatly reduces the generated noise, and further maintains various functions unique to the electronic ballast, that is, functions such as dimming, high efficiency, and light weight. It is an object of the present invention to realize cost merit and energy saving by installing and controlling the initial lighting and control by loading various kinds of high-intensity discharge tube lamps on only two output lines of one high power ballast.
[0004]
Means for Solving the Problems
FIG. 1 shows an inverter circuit for generating a rectangular wave used in one embodiment of the present invention. A and B, the left side is a step-up switching circuit by FET2, and the step-up DC power supply between AB is set to about 360V. The following bridge driver 6 of each of the FETs 5 and 7 is driven by a variable frequency rectangular wave inverter IC circuit 12 and connected to each of the connectors 10 of the present invention in parallel with two lines C and D of the output thereof. The basic circuit uses each discharge tube 11 as a load. The difference from the above-mentioned application 2002-383419 is that the configuration of the connector 10 is impedance control of only the coil, but the number of the capacitors 9 is further increased. It forms a series with the load discharge tube 11. Then, the variable oscillation frequency of the inverter circuit 12 is changed to the lower point E or the upper point F near the center of the series resonance frequency 22f of the connector 10, the capacitance C of the built-in capacitor 9 and the reactance L of the coil 8, as shown in FIG. The frequency variable volume of the inverter 12 is turned to one point, and the basic rated setting is made according to the impedance at the rated output of the tube. In this case, the LCR resonance impedance of the resonance frequency 22f is calculated based on the reactances 8, L in each connector 10 and the value C of the capacity 9. In this case, R is an input voltage, a rated voltage of the tube, By simple AC calculation of the combined impedance with reactance, coil diameter and capacitance by current etc., the LC value is determined for each type of discharge tube by the L and C values adapted for each tube type and output. The type-specific connector 10 can be easily made compact. As an example, in the case of a 300 W mercury lamp, the driving DC power supply is DC 360 V, the resonance frequency f is 20 KHz, L is 0.638 mH, the coil diameter is 1.2 mm, and the diameter C is 0.1 μF. By all means, dimming from 100 W to 400 W is possible, so this connection is a connection 10 that can be used for any mercury lamp tube in the range from 100 W to a maximum of 400 W.
[0005]
[Action and Example]
As another embodiment, the volume of the variable frequency oscillator 12 of the bridge type inverter circuit shown in FIG. 1 is turned to rotate the volume, and the base point E 19 or the base point E at a frequency lower than the resonance point frequency 21f of the resonance impedance curve of the connector 10 of FIG. Turn on the power after setting it at one of the base points F 20 at a high place. Then, the inverter oscillates at that frequency, and the inductor 8, the coil 8, the capacitor 9, and the R of the discharge tube 11 cause approximate LC series resonance, and the bridge occurring between A and B in FIG. Combined with the inverter drive power supply of 360V to 400V, a considerably high Q discharge lamp voltage 17 as shown in FIG. 3 and a sine wave high voltage of an approximate resonance waveform operation are generated. Start lighting. The same operation can be performed when the basic point F in FIG. 4 is set. In this case, the higher the frequency, the darker. Immediately after the start of the discharge, a current flows, and the negative impedance in the discharge tube and the impedances L, C of the discharge tube 11 are instantaneously dumped in Q, and the low discharge tube voltage is balanced in a well-balanced manner. Lighting is continued at the wave voltage 18. In addition, at the time of this initial lighting, lighting starts at a gas temperature that is lower than one-third of the rated current and reaches the rated value according to a change in the impedance of the tube due to a rise in the temperature of the tube. Make a start. Further, when the VR of the variable frequency oscillator 12 is changed regardless of whether the point E or the point F is set, the output adjustment and the dimming can be continuously performed as shown in FIG. When the square wave output waveform of the inverter is applied to the discharge tube load via the connector according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. It changes to a sine wave wave of Q-dump and low voltage, which is a close LC resonance. Since this becomes the waveform of the supply voltage to the discharge tube 11, the electromagnetic radiation from the lamp 11 is also small. For this reason, the leakage noise and the common noise of the step-up power supply inverter and the square wave inverter can be reduced only by one circuit. In this embodiment, the noise level of the conventional copper-iron type ballast can be reduced by simply inserting the simple inductor 13. Can be lowered. In addition, it is possible to control the lighting of the meta-hara tube lightly with a mild waveform with little noise without using a high-voltage generator. In this embodiment, an inexpensive bridge inverter with a rectangular wave output is used. However, the drive power supply voltage between A and B in FIG. 1 can be set high enough to generate the necessary starting resonance high voltage. A rectangular wave is oscillated in a bridge type which acts on the starting voltage 17 at Q times of 720V which is twice as high and low as the peak value of about 360V. If the oscillation frequency is variable and the peak value is sufficient. The half bridge, forward, sine wave inverter, etc. can perform the same function and perform the lighting operation without any problem. In the case of a load using only a mercury lamp or a fluorescent lamp, a high starting voltage is not required and a peak value of about 240 V may be used. As described above, the basic operation function of the present invention is not a simple resonance type inverter but intentionally sets its operation point at one point, either the point F20 above the center resonance frequency 22f or the point E19 below the center. At the rated operating point, a connector 10 composed of an inductor 8 and a capacitor 9 adapted to 11 types and outputs of each discharge tube is connected in parallel with a connector 10 composed of various series LCs to an output line. This is a noise suppression lighting function by proximity resonance control of variable impedance due to a change in frequency near a resonance point where start-up lighting and dimming control can be performed. In other words, when this lighting operation is repeated in an operation waveform, the connector 10 of the present invention is attached to a rectangular wave oscillation inverter and energized. A high voltage sine wave 17 is generated by approximate resonance, lighting is started, and after lighting, The lamp is automatically Q-dumped with the internal impedance of the discharge tube and stable lighting with the lighting voltage of a mild low voltage sine wave 18 waveform of LCR resonance impedance, and the frequency is changed to stabilize the discharge tube 11 current due to the series LCR approximate resonance impedance. Take control. At that time, in the early stage of lighting, the tube temperature is low and the impedance inside the tube is high.
[0006]
【The invention's effect】
If only the two-line output of the high-output multi-lamp type electronic ballast of the present invention is within the maximum output, the discharge tubes of fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps, metahara lamps, and sodium lamps, and the outputs of the respective discharge tubes are different. However, simply by connecting the connector 10 according to the present invention, which accommodates L and C of the capacities suitable for each lamp, it is possible to securely and initially light various lamps in parallel with a sine wave 18 having a large output and an ideal low noise. A high-voltage pulse circuit for starting is not required, and dimming of all lamps at the same rate can be easily performed by changing the inverter frequency. Because of the Q-dumped impedance control, the tube voltage automatically increases when the discharge output is reduced, so that significant dimming can be performed without any problem up to about 30% of the rated value. In addition, since the lighting is performed in a very short time with a sufficiently high voltage and a mild sine waveform 17 even at the time of initial lighting, unlike the conventional continuous high-voltage pulse wave generating lighting device, the initial lighting stress on the electrodes is small, and the noise of simultaneous lighting of many lamps is reduced. It has a low level and has an effect of prolonging the life of the discharge tube, which does not require a starting voltage. In addition, one electronic ballast requires only 5 wires and 10 lamps with only 2 wires. In addition, in the case of a conventional copper-iron ballast, the current flows at least twice the rated value for several minutes at startup. This ballast has a mild start, so it can cover the discharge lamp load of the full wiring rating, so that almost twice as many lamps can be connected to one circuit. Since the installation cost is one unit, even if the noise and harmonic countermeasures of the main unit are further increased by several steps, the cost is less than half that of the conventional 10 ballasts per lamp. When the resonance frequency, the reactance material, and the condenser, which are the constants of the respective components of the connector 10 of the present invention, are designed to be highly efficient with little loss, for example, this device is compared with the accumulated total loss of each ballast for 10 lamps of 10 lamps. In this case, since it is a single unit, it can also exhibit low energy savings of 25% to 36%. Even in the case of a mercury lamp that does not require a high-voltage pulse, if a discharge starting current flows, the structure of the connector 10 causes a Q dump at that moment and the voltage drops, so that the influence on the tube life is negligible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall wiring diagram of a discharge lamp electronic ballast circuit and a connector of a multi-lamp discharge tube of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an output voltage waveform to a discharge tube via a connector of application No. 2002-383419. Output voltage waveform to the discharge tube 11 via the connector 10 of the present invention from the square wave from the present invention.
1 is a DC power supply 2 is a switching FET for boosting
3 is a gate drive unit 4 is a step-up inverter IC circuit for power supply 5 is a bridge switching FET (insulating unit)
Reference numeral 6 denotes a drive unit of the photocoupler, which receives a signal from the rectangular wave transmitter 12 (wiring omitted).
7 is a bridge switching FET
8 is the inductance L
9 is Capacitance C
Reference numeral 10 denotes a connection connector box for storing 8, 9; a discharge tube 12 of each load; a variable frequency rectangular wave oscillation circuit 13; a noise filter 14; a fuse 15; and a rectangular wave output waveform and noise 16 according to Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-383419. According to Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-383419, the output triangular waveform and noise 17 of the connector after lighting are the high voltage oscillation waveform 18 of the connector at the time of initial lighting of the present invention, and the output waveform 19 of the connector at the time of normal lighting of the present invention is the resonance frequency f. Lower rated adjustment base point E
20 is a rating adjustment base point F higher than the resonance frequency f.
21 is an impedance based on the LCR resonance curve, frequency graph 22 is a resonance point f of L8 and C9, 1 / the square root of LC, and a lowest point of the resonance curve.
