JP2004194500A - Power conversion apparatus for solar power generation - Google Patents

Power conversion apparatus for solar power generation Download PDF

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JP2004194500A
JP2004194500A JP2004088228A JP2004088228A JP2004194500A JP 2004194500 A JP2004194500 A JP 2004194500A JP 2004088228 A JP2004088228 A JP 2004088228A JP 2004088228 A JP2004088228 A JP 2004088228A JP 2004194500 A JP2004194500 A JP 2004194500A
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power
solar cell
converter
inverter
input
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Masaki Eguchi
政樹 江口
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Sharp Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To attain improvement of system power generation efficiency by independently performing maximum power follow-up relating to each solar battery array, in a system interconnection inverter connecting in parallel a plurality of the solar battery arrays input. <P>SOLUTION: In the power conversion apparatus for solar power generations with a plurality of solar battery modules 8a, 8b, 8c serving as the power source, boost chopper parts 26a, 26b, 26c for performing maximum power follow-up of each solar battery module 8a, 8b, 8c for every thereof and a DC/DC converter of waveform forming parts 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, etc. are provided, maximum power is led through from each solar battery module 8a, 8b, 8c thereafter to be collectively converted into an AC output by an inverter 23, a DC/AC converter 36, etc. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、太陽電池を用いた分散型電源に使用する太陽光発電用電力変換装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a power converter for photovoltaic power generation used for a distributed power supply using solar cells.

各家庭に設置される太陽電池モジュールを用いた分散型電源は、従来から図５に示すようなものがある（例えば特許文献１）。
特開平８−７０５３３号公報 Conventionally, there is a distributed power supply using a solar cell module installed in each home as shown in FIG. 5 (for example, Patent Document 1).
JP-A-8-70533

図５において、太陽電池アレイ８と、この太陽電池アレイ８から出力される直流電力を交流電力に変えるインバータ（インバータ回路）９を内蔵したインバータ装置１０とを備えている。このインバータ装置１０は、商用電源の電力系統から分散型電源を切り離す遮断機１１と、周波数変動や電圧変動に基づいて、商用電源の電力系統１の遮断機５の解列を検知して遮断機１１を解列させる単独運転検知手段１２とを含む系統連系保護装置を内蔵した構成となっている。ここで３は変電所、４は配電線、６は柱上トランスである。   In FIG. 5, a solar cell array 8 and an inverter device 10 having a built-in inverter (inverter circuit) 9 for converting DC power output from the solar cell array 8 into AC power are provided. The inverter device 10 detects a disconnection of a circuit breaker 11 for disconnecting a distributed power supply from a power system of a commercial power supply and a breaker 5 of the power system 1 of a commercial power supply based on frequency fluctuation and voltage fluctuation. It has a built-in system interconnection protection device including an islanding detection means 12 for disconnecting the power line 11. Here, 3 is a substation, 4 is a distribution line, and 6 is a pole transformer.

かかる系統連系システムにおいては、計測される太陽電池アレイ８の出力電圧及び出力電流に基づいて、太陽電池アレイ８の発電電力を演算する演算手段１４と、太陽電池アレイ８の出力電圧を変化させる出力可変手段１５と、この出力可変手段１５を制御して太陽電池アレイ８の出力電圧を変化させることにより、演算手段１４で演算された発電電力が最大となる出力電圧値を探索する探索動作を、一定の時間間隔をあけて断続的に行う制御手段１６と、発電量が異常であるときなどに表示を行う表示手段１７とを備えている。   In such a system interconnection system, based on the measured output voltage and output current of the solar cell array 8, the calculating means 14 for calculating the generated power of the solar cell array 8 and the output voltage of the solar cell array 8 are changed. The output variable means 15 and a search operation for controlling the output variable means 15 to change the output voltage of the solar cell array 8 to search for an output voltage value at which the generated power calculated by the calculation means 14 is maximized. , A control means 16 for performing the operation intermittently at regular time intervals, and a display means 17 for displaying when the power generation amount is abnormal.

そして、前記単独運転検知手段１２、演算手段１４、出力可変手段１５及び制御手段１６は、マイクロコンピュータ２０によって構成されている。この制御手段１６は出力可変手段１５を介してインバータ回路９を制御することにより太陽電池アレイ８の出力電圧を変化させ、演算手段１４から出力される電力が最大となる電圧値を探索するものである。   The isolated operation detecting means 12, the calculating means 14, the output varying means 15 and the control means 16 are constituted by a microcomputer 20. The control means 16 changes the output voltage of the solar cell array 8 by controlling the inverter circuit 9 via the output variable means 15, and searches for a voltage value at which the power output from the arithmetic means 14 becomes maximum. is there.

上記の系統連系システムにおいて、電源装置は一般的には図６に示すように、例えば１ｋＷ出力の３枚の太陽電池アレイ８に対して１個の３ｋＷのインバータ９を使用している。また図７に示すように太陽電池アレイ８の出力に等しい容量のインバータ９を使用し、複数枚の太陽電池アレイ８の出力側の夫々をインバータ９の入力側に接続し、これらインバータ９の出力側を１本にして系統と連系するシステムも開示されている。   In the above-described system interconnection system, the power supply device generally uses one 3 kW inverter 9 for three solar cell arrays 8 having a 1 kW output, for example, as shown in FIG. Also, as shown in FIG. 7, an inverter 9 having a capacity equal to the output of the solar cell array 8 is used, and each of the output sides of the plurality of solar cell arrays 8 is connected to the input side of the inverter 9. There is also disclosed a system in which one side is connected to a system.

また、図８に示すように夫々の太陽電池アレイ８の出力側を電力変換部であるＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２１の入力側に接続し、これらのＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの出力側を他の電力変換部であるインバータ９の入力側に逆流防止ダイオード２２を介して接続し、系統と連系するシステムが開示されている。   As shown in FIG. 8, the output side of each solar cell array 8 is connected to the input side of a DC / DC converter 21 which is a power conversion unit, and the output side of these DC / DC converters is connected to another power conversion unit. A system is disclosed that is connected to the input side of the inverter 9 via the backflow prevention diode 22 and is connected to the system.

従って、第１の太陽電池アレイ８の出力がＤＣ２００Ｖ、第２の太陽電池アレイ８の出力がＤＣ１００Ｖ、第３の太陽電池アレイ８の出力がＤＣ５０Ｖである場合、第１のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２１ではその出力をそのままＤＣ２００Ｖに制御し、第２、第３のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２１では出力をＤＣ２００Ｖに昇圧してインバータ９に入力させるようになっている。   Therefore, when the output of the first solar cell array 8 is DC 200 V, the output of the second solar cell array 8 is DC 100 V, and the output of the third solar cell array 8 is DC 50 V, the first DC / DC converter 21 The output is directly controlled to DC 200 V, and the second and third DC / DC converters 21 boost the output to DC 200 V and input the same to the inverter 9.

上述したような出力を一定電圧制御するＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータによって、各太陽電池アレイからＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを介して得られる電圧をそろえてＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの出力で電力を結合する場合、太陽電池の最大電力追従が正確に行えずシステム発電効率が低下するという問題があった。つまり、各ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの出力電圧を同一に制御するだけでは各太陽電池アレイに対して要求される電流を分配する制御を行うことができず、各太陽電池アレイに対する安定な最大電力の追従が行えない。   When the DC / DC converter that controls the output at a constant voltage as described above adjusts the voltage obtained from each solar cell array via the DC / DC converter and combines power with the output of the DC / DC converter, There was a problem that the maximum power tracking could not be performed accurately and the system power generation efficiency was reduced. In other words, simply controlling the output voltage of each DC / DC converter in the same way cannot control the distribution of the current required for each solar cell array, and follows the stable maximum power for each solar cell array. Can not do.

また、太陽電池モジュールの直列数の異なる太陽電池アレイを直接並列接続して、１台のインバータで制御した場合のＰ（電力）−Ｖ（電圧）特性は例えば図９に示すようになる。２つの太陽電池アレイの最大電力はＭＰＰ(ａ)、ＭＰＰ(ｂ)であるが、その合成特性の最大電力ＭＰＰ(ａ＋ｂ)と真の最大電力ＭＰＰ(ａ)＋ＭＰＰ(ｂ)との関係は、ＭＰＰ(ａ＋ｂ)＜ＭＰＰ(ａ)＋ＭＰＰ(ｂ)であり、得られる最大電力は真の最大電力に比べて図９に記載の損失分だけ低下する。   Further, a P (power) -V (voltage) characteristic in a case where solar cell arrays having different numbers of series of solar cell modules are directly connected in parallel and controlled by one inverter is as shown in FIG. 9, for example. Although the maximum power of the two solar cell arrays is MPP (a) and MPP (b), the relationship between the maximum power MPP (a + b) of the combined characteristics and the true maximum power MPP (a) + MPP (b) is as follows. MPP (a + b) <MPP (a) + MPP (b), and the obtained maximum power is lower than the true maximum power by the loss shown in FIG.

また、現状の最適電力追従制御では最悪の場合、図９におけるＭＰＰ(ａ)の位置で動作する場合も予想される。このような太陽電池アレイ間の最適動作電圧のアンバランスは太陽電池モジュールの直列数が同じ場合においても部分的な影の影響により電流が太陽電池アレイ内のバイパスダイオードを経由するような場合に発生する。   In the worst case of the current optimal power tracking control, it is expected that the operation will be performed at the position of MPP (a) in FIG. Such an imbalance in the optimal operating voltage between the photovoltaic arrays occurs when the current passes through the bypass diode in the photovoltaic array due to the partial shadow even when the number of photovoltaic modules in series is the same. I do.

上記課題を解決するために本発明は、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの出力電圧をそろえるのではなく、各ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータが各太陽電池アレイの最大電力追従を行う構成とすることを含め、各太陽電池アレイ毎に最大電力を追従する機能を有する電力変換器を介して電力を統合してインバータ装置に入力し、系統と連系運転を行うようにした。   In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a method of controlling each of the solar cells, not including equalizing the output voltages of the DC / DC converters, including setting each DC / DC converter to follow the maximum power of each solar cell array. The power is integrated via a power converter having a function of following the maximum power for each array, and the power is integrated and input to the inverter device, so that the system is connected to the grid.

本発明の太陽光発電用電力変換装置は、複数の太陽電池電力入力部と、該複数の太陽電池電力入力部に接続された各々の太陽電池アレイに対する最大電力追従を行う最大電力追従部と、前記複数の太陽電池電力入力部より入力される入力電力を前記太陽光発電用電力変換装置の主回路内で結合する結合手段と、該結合手段で結合した各入力電力の総和を交流電力に変換するインバータを設けた太陽光発電用電力変換装置において、前記複数の太陽電池電力入力部はＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータで構成され、該ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの出力端で各々の電力が結合され、その後段に接続されるインバータにより交流電力に変換され、前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータは、各々に接続された太陽電池アレイの動作電圧を該アレイの最大電力点に制御するとともに、電力結合された出力端の電圧が所定の保護電圧値より大きくなる場合は最大電力追従を止めて、前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの電力結合された出力端の電圧が前記保護電圧値を超えないように、前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータによって供給される電力を抑制することを特徴とするものである。   The power conversion device for photovoltaic power generation of the present invention includes a plurality of solar cell power input units, and a maximum power tracking unit that performs maximum power tracking for each solar cell array connected to the plurality of solar cell power input units, Coupling means for coupling input power input from the plurality of solar cell power input units in the main circuit of the power converter for photovoltaic power generation, and converting the sum of the input powers coupled by the coupling means into AC power In the photovoltaic power conversion device provided with an inverter, the plurality of solar cell power input units are constituted by DC / DC converters, and respective powers are coupled at an output terminal of the DC / DC converter, and the power is supplied to a subsequent stage. The DC / DC converter is converted into AC power by a connected inverter, and controls the operating voltage of the solar cell array connected to each to the maximum power point of the array. When the voltage at the power-coupled output terminal is greater than a predetermined protection voltage value, the maximum power tracking is stopped so that the voltage at the power-coupled output terminal of the DC / DC converter does not exceed the protection voltage value. , Wherein the power supplied by the DC / DC converter is suppressed.

従って、各太陽電池アレイに対して最大電力追従を行うことができる。この際、電力結合した後のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの出力端電圧は、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータでは制御されず、最大電力追従の状態によって変化する。更に結合された電力はインバータ装置を介して交流に変換されて出力されるが、このような電力結合した位置より後段に位置するインバータ装置が更に結合後の電力に対する最大電力追従制御を行うことで、トータルとしての最大電力追従が行われる。   Therefore, maximum power tracking can be performed for each solar cell array. At this time, the output terminal voltage of the DC / DC converter after power coupling is not controlled by the DC / DC converter, and varies depending on the state of maximum power following. Further, the combined power is converted into AC through the inverter device and output, and the inverter device located at a stage subsequent to the power-coupled position further performs maximum power tracking control on the combined power. , The maximum power tracking is performed as a total.

また、後段のインバータ装置の出力が、前段のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ群の出力よりも小さい場合に、電力結合部の電圧が定格以上に上昇するのを抑制する作用を有する。   Further, when the output of the inverter at the subsequent stage is smaller than the output of the DC / DC converter group at the previous stage, it has the effect of suppressing the voltage of the power coupling unit from rising above the rating.

また、本発明の太陽光発電用電力変換装置は、複数の太陽電池電力入力部と、該複数の太陽電池電力入力部に接続された各々の太陽電池アレイに対する最大電力追従を行う最大電力追従部と、前記複数の太陽電池電力入力部より入力される入力電力を前記太陽光発電用電力変換装置の主回路内で結合する結合手段と、該結合手段で結合した各入力電力の総和を交流電力に変換するインバータを設けた太陽光発電用電力変換装置において、前記複数の太陽電池電力入力部は、電流共振型の高周波インバータ部と絶縁トランス部と整流部の順序で構成され、各整流部の出力を結合して後段のインバータ部で交流電力に変換することを特徴とするものである。   In addition, the photovoltaic power conversion device of the present invention includes a plurality of solar cell power input units, and a maximum power tracking unit that performs maximum power tracking for each solar cell array connected to the plurality of solar cell power input units. Coupling means for coupling the input power input from the plurality of solar cell power input units in the main circuit of the power converter for photovoltaic power generation; and In the power converter for photovoltaic power generation provided with an inverter for converting into, the plurality of solar cell power input units are configured in the order of a current resonance type high-frequency inverter unit, an insulating transformer unit, and a rectifying unit. It is characterized in that the outputs are combined and converted into AC power by a subsequent inverter unit.

従って、最大電力追従制御は前段の電流共振型の高周波インバータ部のみで実施されるとともに、電流波形生成も同時に行われるので、後段のインバータ部では商用周波数による波形の折り返し制御だけを行って交流電力を出力できる。   Therefore, the maximum power follow-up control is performed only by the current-stage high-frequency inverter of the preceding stage, and the current waveform is also generated at the same time. Can be output.

本発明は上記のような構成であるので、太陽光発電用電力変換装置において、複数の太陽電池電力入力部は、太陽電池アレイの動作電圧を該アレイの最大電力点に制御するＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータで構成され、該ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの出力端で各々の電力が結合され、その後段に接続されるインバータにより交流電力を得るようにしているので、各太陽電池アレイに対して最大電力追従を行うことができ、太陽光発電のシステム効率を向上することができる。   Since the present invention is configured as described above, in the power converter for photovoltaic power generation, the plurality of solar cell power input units are DC / DC converters for controlling the operating voltage of the solar cell array to the maximum power point of the array. And the respective powers are combined at the output terminal of the DC / DC converter, and AC power is obtained by an inverter connected to the subsequent stage, so that the maximum power tracking is performed for each solar cell array. And the system efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation can be improved.

さらにＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータは、電力結合された出力端の電圧が所定値より大きくなる場合は、前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータによって供給される電力を抑制するようにしているので、後段のインバータ装置の最大定格入力電圧を超えないようにしてインバータ装置の破損を防止することができる。   Further, the DC / DC converter suppresses the power supplied by the DC / DC converter when the voltage of the power-coupled output terminal becomes larger than a predetermined value. The inverter device can be prevented from being damaged by not exceeding the input voltage.

また、太陽光発電用電力変換装置において、複数の太陽電池電力入力部を、電流共振型の高周波インバータ部と絶縁トランス部と整流部より成る波形成形部で構成し、各整流部の出力を結合して後段のインバータ部で交流電力に変換することにより、最大電力追従制御は前段の電流共振型の高周波インバータ部のみで行わせることができ、最大電力追従の制御を簡素化することができる。さらに各太陽電池アレイに対して最大電力追従を行うことができ、太陽光発電のシステム効率を向上することができる。   In the power converter for photovoltaic power generation, a plurality of solar cell power input units are configured by a waveform shaping unit including a current resonance type high-frequency inverter unit, an insulating transformer unit, and a rectifying unit, and the outputs of the rectifying units are combined. By converting the AC power into AC power by the subsequent inverter, the maximum power tracking control can be performed only by the current resonance type high frequency inverter of the preceding stage, and the control of the maximum power tracking can be simplified. Furthermore, maximum power tracking can be performed for each solar cell array, and the system efficiency of solar power generation can be improved.

（実施形態１）図１は本発明の第１の実施形態を示す太陽光発電用電力変換装置の要部構成図であり、一例として複数の太陽電池電力を入力して、系統と連系運転を行う系統連系インバータ４１の構成を示す。太陽電池アレイ８ａ、８ｂ、８ｃは、各々独立に系統連系インバータ４１に接続され、リアクトル２８ａ、２８ｂ、２８ｃとスイッチ素子４０ａ、４０ｂ、４０ｃとダイオード２７ａ、２７ｂ、２７ｃとで構成される昇圧チョッパ部２６ａ、２６ｂ、２６ｃには直流電力が入力される。   (Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a main part of a photovoltaic power converter according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 1 shows a configuration of a system interconnection inverter 41 that performs the following. Each of the solar cell arrays 8a, 8b, 8c is independently connected to the system interconnection inverter 41, and includes a step-up chopper including reactors 28a, 28b, 28c, switching elements 40a, 40b, 40c, and diodes 27a, 27b, 27c. DC power is input to the units 26a, 26b, 26c.

リアクトル２８ａ、２８ｂ、２８ｃの電流はスイッチ素子４０ａ、４０ｂ、４０ｃのオン時間とオフ時間とのデューティによって制御され、リアクトル２８ａ、２８ｂ、２８ｃに蓄えられたエネルギーはダイオード２７ａ、２７ｂ、２７ｃを介してコンデンサ２９に充電される。コンデンサ２９の電圧はインバータ部２３に入力され、系統電圧に同期した交流電力に変換されて系統に出力される。各昇圧チョッパ部２６ａ、２６ｂ、２６ｃに入力される電圧と電流は電力検出部２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃで検出され、制御回路２５に入力される。   The currents of the reactors 28a, 28b, 28c are controlled by the duty of the on-time and off-time of the switch elements 40a, 40b, 40c, and the energy stored in the reactors 28a, 28b, 28c passes through the diodes 27a, 27b, 27c. The capacitor 29 is charged. The voltage of the capacitor 29 is input to the inverter unit 23, converted into AC power synchronized with the system voltage, and output to the system. Voltages and currents input to the boost choppers 26a, 26b, 26c are detected by the power detectors 24a, 24b, 24c and input to the control circuit 25.

制御回路２５は電力検出部２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃで検出される電圧、電流から入力電力を算出し、入力電力が最大となるように各スイッチ素子４０ａ、４０ｂ、４０ｃのゲート信号ｇａ、ｇｂ、ｇｃのデューティ制御を行う。また、制御回路２５はインバータ入力電圧（コンデンサ２９の電圧）を分圧抵抗３０から検出し、所定の保護電圧値以上になると最大電力追従を止めて前記デューティを小さくしてコンデンサ２９の電圧が保護電圧値を越えないように制御する。   The control circuit 25 calculates the input power from the voltages and currents detected by the power detection units 24a, 24b, and 24c, and controls the gate signals ga, gb, and gc of the switch elements 40a, 40b, and 40c so that the input power is maximized. Is performed. Further, the control circuit 25 detects the inverter input voltage (voltage of the capacitor 29) from the voltage dividing resistor 30, and when the voltage exceeds a predetermined protection voltage value, stops the following of the maximum power and reduces the duty to protect the voltage of the capacitor 29. Control so as not to exceed the voltage value.

さらに制御回路２５はインバータ部２３内のスイッチ素子のゲート信号の制御、前記インバータ入力電圧およびインバータ出力電力に基づいた最大電力追従制御、系統連系保護制御などを行う。このように、各昇圧チョッパ部２６ａ、２６ｂ、２６ｃおよびインバータ部２３がともに最大電力追従制御を行うことにより、系統連系インバータ４１に接続された各太陽電池アレイ８ａ、８ｂ、８ｃの最大電力を取り出すことができる。   Further, the control circuit 25 performs control of a gate signal of a switch element in the inverter section 23, maximum power follow-up control based on the inverter input voltage and inverter output power, system interconnection protection control, and the like. As described above, the boost chopper units 26a, 26b, 26c and the inverter unit 23 both perform the maximum power tracking control, so that the maximum power of each of the solar cell arrays 8a, 8b, 8c connected to the system interconnection inverter 41 is reduced. Can be taken out.

（実施形態２）図２は本発明の第２の実施形態を示す太陽光発電用電力変換装置の要部構成図であり、一例として２系統の太陽電池電力を入力して、系統と連系運転を行う系統連系インバータ４１の構成を示すものである。太陽電池アレイ８ａは、逆流防止ダイオード２２を介してコンデンサ２９を充電し、太陽電池アレイ８ｂはリアクトル２８とスイッチ素子４０とダイオード２７とで構成される昇圧チョッパ部２６に接続される。リアクトル２８の電流はスイッチ素子４０のオン時間とオフ時間とのデューティによって制御され、リアクトル２８に蓄えられたエネルギーはダイオード２７を介してコンデンサ２９に充電される。   (Embodiment 2) FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a main part of a power converter for photovoltaic power generation according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 3 shows a configuration of a system interconnection inverter 41 that performs operation. The solar cell array 8a charges the capacitor 29 via the backflow prevention diode 22, and the solar cell array 8b is connected to the boost chopper section 26 including the reactor 28, the switch element 40, and the diode 27. The current of the reactor 28 is controlled by the duty of the on time and the off time of the switch element 40, and the energy stored in the reactor 28 is charged to the capacitor 29 via the diode 27.

コンデンサ２９の電圧はインバータ部２３に入力され、系統電圧に同期した交流電力に変換されて系統に出力される。昇圧チョッパ部２６に入力される電圧と電流は電力検出部２４で検出され、制御回路２５に入力される。制御回路２５は電力検出部２４で検出される電圧、電流から入力電力を算出し、入力電力が最大となるようにスイッチ素子４０のゲート信号ｇのデューティ制御を行う。   The voltage of the capacitor 29 is input to the inverter unit 23, converted into AC power synchronized with the system voltage, and output to the system. The voltage and current input to the boost chopper section 26 are detected by the power detection section 24 and input to the control circuit 25. The control circuit 25 calculates the input power from the voltage and current detected by the power detection unit 24, and performs duty control of the gate signal g of the switch element 40 so that the input power becomes maximum.

また、制御回路２５はインバータ部２３の入力電圧（コンデンサ２９の電圧）を分圧抵抗３０から検出し、所定の保護電圧値以上になると最大電力追従を止めて前記デューティを小さくしてコンデンサ２９の電圧が保護電圧値を越えないように制御する。さらに制御回路２５はインバータ部２３内のスイッチ素子のゲート信号の制御、前記インバータ入力電圧およびインバータ出力電力に基づいた最大電力追従制御、系統連系保護制御などを行う。   Further, the control circuit 25 detects the input voltage of the inverter unit 23 (voltage of the capacitor 29) from the voltage dividing resistor 30, and when the voltage becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined protection voltage value, stops the maximum power following and reduces the duty to reduce the duty. Control so that the voltage does not exceed the protection voltage value. Further, the control circuit 25 performs control of a gate signal of a switch element in the inverter section 23, maximum power follow-up control based on the inverter input voltage and inverter output power, system interconnection protection control, and the like.

本実施形態では太陽電池アレイ８ａの開放電圧が太陽電池アレイ８ｂの開放電圧より大きな太陽電池アレイが接続され、コンデンサ２９の電圧は太陽電池アレイ８ａの動作電圧となる。この電圧は昇圧チョッパ部２６の最大電力制御によって上昇するが、インバータ入力電圧はインバータ部２３の最大電力追従制御により太陽電池アレイ８ａの最大電力点となる。このようにして系統連系インバータ４１に接続された太陽電池アレイ８ａ、８ｂの最大電力を取り出すことができる。   In the present embodiment, a solar cell array in which the open voltage of the solar cell array 8a is larger than the open voltage of the solar cell array 8b is connected, and the voltage of the capacitor 29 becomes the operating voltage of the solar cell array 8a. This voltage is increased by the maximum power control of the step-up chopper section 26, but the inverter input voltage becomes the maximum power point of the solar cell array 8a by the maximum power tracking control of the inverter section 23. Thus, the maximum power of the solar cell arrays 8a and 8b connected to the grid interconnection inverter 41 can be extracted.

（実施形態３）図３は本発明による第３の実施形態を示す太陽光発電用電力変換装置の要部構成図であり、一例として複数の太陽電池電力を入力して、系統と連系運転を行う系統連系インバータ４１の構成を示すものである。太陽電池アレイ８ａ、８ｂ、８ｃ、８ｄは、各々独立に系統連系インバータ４１の波形成形部３４ａ、３４ｂ、３４ｃ、３４ｄに接続される。波形成形部３４ａは電流共振型高周波インバータ３１ａと高周波トランス３２ａと整流ダイオード３３ａで構成され、電流共振型高周波インバータ３１ａは制御回路３７によって電流波形生成を行うと同時に最大電力追従制御が行われる。   (Embodiment 3) FIG. 3 is a main part configuration diagram of a power converter for photovoltaic power generation according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 1 shows a configuration of a system interconnection inverter 41 that performs the following. The solar cell arrays 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d are independently connected to the waveform shaping units 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d of the system interconnection inverter 41, respectively. The waveform shaping section 34a includes a current resonance type high frequency inverter 31a, a high frequency transformer 32a, and a rectifier diode 33a. The current resonance type high frequency inverter 31a generates a current waveform by the control circuit 37 and simultaneously performs maximum power tracking control.

電流共振型高周波インバータ３１ａの高周波交流出力は高周波トランス３２ａを介して整流ダイオード３３ａ、３３ａ'で整流され、他の波形生成部３４ｂ、３４ｃ、３４ｄの出力電流と合成される。この場合、波形生成部３４ｂ、３４ｃ、３４ｄは上記波形生成部３４ａと同様に、電流共振型高周波インバータ、高周波トランスおよび整流ダイオード（いずれも図示せず）で構成される。   The high-frequency AC output of the current resonance type high-frequency inverter 31a is rectified by the rectifier diodes 33a and 33a 'via the high-frequency transformer 32a and combined with the output currents of the other waveform generators 34b, 34c and 34d. In this case, the waveform generators 34b, 34c, and 34d are composed of a current resonance type high-frequency inverter, a high-frequency transformer, and a rectifier diode (all not shown), similarly to the waveform generator 34a.

上記波形成形部３４ａ、３４ｂ、３４ｃ、３４ｄからの出力が合成された電流は、フィルタ用のコンデンサ３５を経て商用周波インバータ３６に入力される。商用周波インバータ３６に入力される電流は図４の（ａ）に示すような全波整流状の直流波形となり（図３におけるＡ点）、これを商用周波インバータ３６で系統電圧に同期して折り返して、図４の（ｂ）にしめすような交流電流出力を得られる（図３におけるＢ点）。更にこれをＡＣフィルタ３９で平滑化して図４の（ｃ）に示すような正弦波電流波形を得ることができる（図３におけるＣ点）。   The current obtained by combining the outputs from the waveform shaping units 34a, 34b, 34c, and 34d is input to the commercial frequency inverter 36 via the filter capacitor 35. The current input to the commercial frequency inverter 36 has a full-wave rectified DC waveform as shown in FIG. 4A (point A in FIG. 3), which is turned back by the commercial frequency inverter 36 in synchronization with the system voltage. Thus, an alternating current output as shown in FIG. 4B can be obtained (point B in FIG. 3). This is further smoothed by the AC filter 39 to obtain a sinusoidal current waveform as shown in FIG. 4C (point C in FIG. 3).

制御回路３８は上述のような商用周波インバータ３６の折り返し制御および系統連系保護制御を行うとともに、制御回路３７に系統との同期信号を送る。制御回路３７はこの同期信号に同期した電流波形生成を行うように、波形成形部３４ａ、３４ｂ、３４ｃ、３４ｄを制御している。このように各太陽電池アレイ毎に設けた波形生成部３４ａ、３４ｂ、３４ｃ、３４ｄが最大電力追従制御を行うことにより系統連系インバータ４１に接続された各太陽電池アレイ８ａ、８ｂ、８ｃ、８ｄの最大電力を取り出すことができる。   The control circuit 38 performs the return control and the system interconnection protection control of the commercial frequency inverter 36 as described above, and sends a synchronization signal to the control circuit 37 to the system. The control circuit 37 controls the waveform shaping units 34a, 34b, 34c and 34d so as to generate a current waveform synchronized with the synchronization signal. As described above, the waveform generators 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d provided for the respective solar cell arrays perform the maximum power follow-up control, so that the respective solar cell arrays 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d connected to the system interconnection inverter 41. Maximum power can be extracted.

本発明の一実施形態の要部構成図である。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a main part of an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の他の実施形態の要部構成図である。It is a principal part block diagram of other embodiment of this invention. 本発明の更に他の実施形態の要部構成図である。It is a principal part block diagram of other embodiment of this invention. 図３に示す本発明の実施形態の動作説明図である。FIG. 4 is an operation explanatory diagram of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3. 太陽電池を用いた分散型電源の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the distributed power supply using a solar cell. 従来の系統連系インバータのブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the conventional system interconnection inverter. 系統連系インバータの他の従来例のブロック図である。It is a block diagram of other conventional examples of a system interconnection inverter. 系統連系インバータの更に他の従来例のブロック図である。FIG. 11 is a block diagram of still another conventional example of a system interconnection inverter. 太陽電池アレイの電力−電圧特性図である。It is a power-voltage characteristic diagram of a solar cell array.

符号の説明Explanation of reference numerals

１ 商用電力系統
３ 変電所
４ 配電線
５ 遮断器
６ 柱上トランス
８、８ａ、８ｂ、８ｃ、８ｄ 太陽電池アレイ
９ インバータ回路
１０ インバータ装置
１１ 遮断器
１２ 単独運転検知手段
１４ 演算手段
１５ 出力可変手段
１６ 制御手段
１７ 表示手段
２０ マイクロコンピュータ
２１ ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ
２２ 逆流防止ダイオード
２３ インバータ部
２４、２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃ 電力検出部
２５ 制御回路
２６、２６ａ、２６ｂ、２６ｃ 昇圧チョッパ部
２７、２７ａ、２７ｂ、２７ｃ ダイオード
２８、２８ａ、２８ｂ、２８ｃ リアクトル
２９ コンデンサ
３０ 分圧抵抗
３１ａ 電流共振型高周波インバータ
３２ａ 高周波絶縁トランス
３３ａ、３３ａ' 整流ダイオード
３４ａ、３４ｂ、３４ｃ、３４ｄ 波形成形部
３５ コンデンサ
３６ 商用周波インバータ
３７、３８ 制御回路
３９ ＡＣフィルタ
４０、４０ａ、４０ｂ、４０ｃ スイッチ素子
４１ 系統連系インバータ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Commercial power system 3 Substation 4 Distribution line 5 Circuit breaker 6 Pole-mounted transformer 8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d Solar cell array 9 Inverter circuit 10 Inverter device 11 Circuit breaker 12 Individual operation detection means 14 Calculation means 15 Output variable means 16 Control Means 17 Display Means 20 Microcomputer 21 DC / DC Converter 22 Backflow Prevention Diode 23 Inverter 24, 24a, 24b, 24c Power Detector 25 Control Circuit 26, 26a, 26b, 26c Booster Chopper 27, 27a, 27b, 27c Diode 28, 28a, 28b, 28c Reactor 29 Capacitor 30 Voltage dividing resistor 31a Current resonance type high frequency inverter 32a High frequency insulation transformer 33a, 33a 'Rectifying diode 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d Waveform shaping part 35 Capacitor 36 commercial frequency inverter 37, 38 control circuit 39 AC filter 40, 40a, 40b, 40c switch element 41 system interconnection inverter

Claims (2)

複数の太陽電池電力入力部と、該複数の太陽電池電力入力部に接続された各々の太陽電池アレイに対する最大電力追従を行う最大電力追従部と、前記複数の太陽電池電力入力部より入力される入力電力を前記太陽光発電用電力変換装置の主回路内で結合する結合手段と、該結合手段で結合した各入力電力の総和を交流電力に変換するインバータを設けた太陽光発電用電力変換装置において、
前記複数の太陽電池電力入力部はＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータで構成され、該ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの出力端で各々の電力が結合され、その後段に接続されるインバータにより交流電力に変換され、
前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータは、各々に接続された太陽電池アレイの動作電圧を該アレイの最大電力点に制御するとともに、電力結合された出力端の電圧が所定の保護電圧値より大きくなる場合は最大電力追従を止めて、前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの電力結合された出力端の電圧が前記保護電圧値を超えないように、前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータによって供給される電力を抑制することを特徴とする太陽光発電用電力変換装置。 A plurality of solar cell power input units, a maximum power tracking unit that performs maximum power tracking for each solar cell array connected to the plurality of solar cell power input units, and input from the plurality of solar cell power input units. A power converter for photovoltaic power generation, comprising: coupling means for coupling input power in a main circuit of the power converter for photovoltaic power generation, and an inverter for converting a sum of input powers coupled by the coupling means into AC power. At
The plurality of solar cell power input units are constituted by DC / DC converters, each power is combined at an output terminal of the DC / DC converter, and is converted into AC power by an inverter connected to a subsequent stage,
The DC / DC converter controls an operating voltage of a solar cell array connected to each of the DC / DC converters to a maximum power point of the array and, when a voltage of a power-coupled output terminal becomes larger than a predetermined protection voltage value, a maximum. The solar power supply is stopped and the power supplied by the DC / DC converter is suppressed so that the voltage of the power-coupled output terminal of the DC / DC converter does not exceed the protection voltage value. Power converter for photovoltaic power generation. 複数の太陽電池電力入力部と、該複数の太陽電池電力入力部に接続された各々の太陽電池アレイに対する最大電力追従を行う最大電力追従部と、前記複数の太陽電池電力入力部より入力される入力電力を前記太陽光発電用電力変換装置の主回路内で結合する結合手段と、該結合手段で結合した各入力電力の総和を交流電力に変換するインバータを設けた太陽光発電用電力変換装置において、
前記複数の太陽電池電力入力部は、電流共振型の高周波インバータ部と絶縁トランス部と整流部の順序で構成され、各整流部の出力を結合して後段のインバータ部で交流電力に変換することを特徴とする太陽光発電用電力変換装置。 A plurality of solar cell power input units, a maximum power tracking unit that performs maximum power tracking for each solar cell array connected to the plurality of solar cell power input units, and input from the plurality of solar cell power input units. A power converter for photovoltaic power generation, comprising: coupling means for coupling input power in a main circuit of the power converter for photovoltaic power generation, and an inverter for converting a sum of input powers coupled by the coupling means into AC power. At
The plurality of solar cell power input sections are configured in the order of a current resonance type high-frequency inverter section, an insulating transformer section, and a rectifying section, and the outputs of the respective rectifying sections are combined and converted into AC power by a subsequent-stage inverter section. A power converter for photovoltaic power generation.
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