JP2001186691A - Power supply adjusting device using capacitor recharging device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve charging and discharging quickly, improve reliability and efficiency, reduce loss, extend life, feed power when power fails, and level a load. SOLUTION: The power supply adjusting device is provided with a capacitor- recharging device 3 that has a circuit for bypassing a charge current and consists of a plurality of capacitors where parallel monitors for controlling charge voltage and current are connected in parallel, charging means 1 and 2 for charging the capacitor-recharging device 3 by an input power supply, discharging means 4-6 for discharging by controlling an output current from the capacitor-recharging device 3, a connection means 7 that is connected between an input power supply and a load for supplying the output of the discharging means 5 to the load, and a control means 8 for monitoring the feed system between the charging means 2 and the discharging means 6. Thus, connection is made to the input power supply and the load by the charging or discharging of the capacitor-recharging device 3 for feeding power when power fails or leveling the load.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power supply adjusting device using a capacitor power storage device connected to an input power supply and a load to supply power at the time of a power failure or level the load.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Uninterruptible power supplies have conventionally used secondary batteries (lead batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, etc.) as storage elements. However, while many purposes of uninterruptible power supplies are backups of power failures in a relatively short period of time, all rechargeable batteries known so far are suitable for short-time discharge of one minute or tens of seconds. For this reason, a method was adopted in which an extra large capacity was used and a part of the capacity was used. Also, due to its characteristics, charging for recovery of discharge takes a long time, and measures such as measures to be taken in the event of a power failure again during that time, and reliability of the secondary battery after performing deep discharge with large current, etc. There was a problem.

[0003] An ideal uninterruptible power supply can be obtained by using a power storage element other than a secondary battery, which has a short charge / discharge time and an infinitely long life. For example, unique uninterruptible power supplies using a flywheel, an electrolytic capacitor, an electric double-phase capacitor, and the like have been proposed. However, if it is only a desk plan, it is possible to consider a capacitor with a sufficiently large capacity. However, due to the limitation of the energy density of the electrolytic capacitor that can be actually manufactured, the power failure compensation time is limited to several hundred ms,
It has not been replaced with a secondary battery.

[0004] Flywheels are promising for short-term power storage and have a long life, but at low rotational speeds, the energy density is low.
If the rotational speed is increased to increase the energy density, safety measures against the destruction of the flywheel require protective measures and the like, so it has not yet spread rapidly.

[0005] In addition, the conventional uninterruptible power supply using a secondary battery has been devised with many contrivances, and a patent application has been made. The part to do is not sufficiently improved.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is capable of charging and discharging in a short time, providing high reliability, high efficiency, low loss, long life, and power supply during a power failure. This is to enable load leveling.

[0007] Therefore, the present invention is a power supply adjustment device using a capacitor power storage device that is connected to an input power supply and a load to supply power during a power failure or level the load, and bypasses a charging current. A capacitor storage device comprising a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel with a parallel monitor for controlling charging voltage and current having a circuit; charging means for charging the capacitor storage device from the input power source; and an output from the capacitor storage device. A discharging unit that controls and discharges a current, a connecting unit that is connected to a power supply system between the input power supply and the load, and supplies an output of the discharging unit to the load, and a connection unit between the input power supply and the load. And control means for monitoring the power supply system and controlling the charging means and the discharging means.

The charging means has an AC / DC converter, an initialization function for setting an initialization voltage, and charging each of the capacitors to the initialization voltage. The discharging means includes a DC / AC inverter, A current pump for controlling the output current to be constant; the capacitor power storage device having a bank switching circuit for performing a series / parallel switching of the capacitor in accordance with a charging voltage; Controlling the charging means and the discharging means to perform charging and discharging of the capacitor power storage device, leveling the load, detecting a power outage of an input power supply, controlling the discharging means, and supplying power from the capacitor power storage device. It is characterized by the following.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a power supply adjusting device using a capacitor power storage device according to the present invention, wherein 1 is an AC / DC converter, 2 is a charging control circuit,
3 is a capacitor power storage device, 4 is a current pump, 5 is DC /
AC inverter, 6 is an output control circuit, 7 is a connection circuit, 8
Indicates a control device.

In FIG. 1, a capacitor power storage device 3 includes:
The power storage device includes a number of capacitors C connected in series and parallel and a parallel monitor connected in parallel to each of the capacitors C, and is capable of instantaneous charging and discharging. The capacitor C is, for example, an electric double layer capacitor, and the parallel monitor has a circuit connected in parallel with the capacitor C to bypass the charging current, and controls the charging voltage / current. AC / DC
Converter 1 is connected between the power receiving system of the input power supply and capacitor power storage device 3 to convert AC of the input power supply to DC to charge capacitor power storage device 3. In order for the DC converter 1 to charge the capacitor power storage device 3 efficiently rather than a simple rectifier circuit, the charging control is performed by controlling the AC / DC converter 1 so that the DC / DC converter 1 can be regarded as a current source when viewed from the capacitor power storage device 3. . The current pump 4 controls the output current discharged from the capacitor power storage device 3 including the plurality of capacitors C and the parallel monitor. The DC / AC inverter 5 converts the direct current into the alternating current to change the capacitor power storage device 3. The output control circuit 6 discharges and controls the DC / AC inverter 5 to control the discharge.

The connection circuit 7 connects the DC / AC inverter 5 to a power supply system between the input power supply and the load, and controls the output of the DC / AC inverter 5 according to a change in the load. In the event of a power failure, the input power is cut off to supply power from the DC / AC inverter 5 to the load and switch to use as an uninterruptible power supply. By always connecting the DC / AC inverter 5 to the power supply system between the input power supply and the load, the DC / AC inverter 5 can always be used as a load leveling device, and in the event of a power failure, the DC / AC inverter 5 can supply power to the load. Therefore, the switching by the connection circuit 7 may be omitted. The control device 8 monitors the power supply system between the input power supply and the load, and controls the charging control circuit 2 and the output control circuit 6 in response to a load change or power failure. Controlling the charge control circuit 2 and the output control circuit 6 so as to level the load by controlling the charge and discharge of the capacitor power storage device 3;
The output control circuit 6 is controlled so that a power failure of the input power supply is detected and power is supplied from the capacitor power storage device 3.

The capacitor power storage device 3 has, for example, a withstand voltage of 2 to 3 V, an internal resistance of 2 ΩF, and an energy density of 5 Wh.
Connect a parallel monitor to a capacitor cell of / lit or more,
If these are connected in series and parallel so that the required voltage and electric power are obtained, a short time charge of a minimum of 30 seconds to 1 minute,
It is possible to realize a highly reliable power storage device that can cope with a full power failure with a minimum discharge time of about 1 second or more and a short discharge time of about 1 minute, and has high efficiency, low loss, long life, and high reliability. Therefore, it is possible to realize a one-minute uninterruptible power supply and a load leveling device that charge when the power supply is normal and discharge when abnormal or necessary. In addition, there is no need to judge the service life, etc., and it is maintenance-free, completely sealed, has no gas leakage, and can accurately predict the remaining amount from the charging voltage.

[0013] For example, a peak load is 2k with a contract power of 1kW.
When a certain device is used, the insufficient power can be supplied from the charged device. In such applications, there is an intense charge / discharge cycle that discharges each time the peak power is generated and charges it in time for the next generation,
Although the secondary battery was severely degraded and was difficult to put into practical use, the use of the capacitor power storage device of the present invention makes it possible to cope with a short charge-discharge cycle, and is used with high reliability and long life. be able to.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a capacitor power storage device used in the power supply adjusting device according to the present invention.
CA3, CB1 to CB3 are capacitors, SS, SA1 to
SA3 and SB1 to SB3 indicate switches.

In FIG. 2, capacitors CA1 to CA3
And CB1 to CB3 are connected in series by the same number, respectively.
It constitutes a set of capacitor groups A and B. In addition,
Capacitors CA1 to CA3, CB1 to CB3
May be a bank in which a plurality of banks are connected in series or further in parallel. The switch SS is a series connection switch means for connecting the two sets of capacitor groups A and B in series. The switches SA1 to SA3 are connected to one of the capacitor groups A
And the switch SS are connected in series to the other end of the other capacitor group B and the respective capacitors CB1 to CB1.
One switch means group connected to the series connection point of CB3, and switches SB1 to SB3 connect the series connection point of the other capacitor group B and the switch SS to the other end of the series connection of one capacitor group A and the other end thereof. This is the other switch means group connected to the series connection point of the capacitors.

Next, the switching connection will be described.
By turning on only the switch SS as shown in FIG. 2A, the capacitors CA1 to CA1 as shown in FIG.
A3, CB1 to CB3 are connected in series, and as shown in FIG. 2B, the switch SS is turned off and the switch SA3 of one switch means group and the switch SB3 corresponding to the other switch means group are turned on. As a result, FIG.
As shown in (E), the center connection capacitor CA3 of one capacitor group A and the center connection capacitor CB3 of the other capacitor group B are connected in parallel. Similarly, FIG.
As shown in (C), the switch S of one switch means group
A2 and the switch SB2 of the other switch means group corresponding thereto are turned on, and all the other switches are turned off. As a result, as shown in FIG. A series circuit of CA2 and a central connection capacitor CB3 of the other capacitor group B;
The CB2 series circuit is connected in parallel. Further, by turning on the switch SA1 of one switch means group and the switch SB1 corresponding to the other switch means group and turning off all other switches, one capacitor as shown in FIG. Capacitors CA1-C of group A
A3 series circuit and capacitor C of the other capacitor group B
The series circuits B1 to CB3 are connected in parallel.

As described above, any one of the switches SA1 to SA3 of one switch means group and one of the switches SB1 to SB3 or the switches SS of the other switch means group on the opposite side are selectively connected. , FIG. 2 (D)
To (G), a plurality of capacitors CA1 to CA3, C
When the connection of B1 to CB3 is switched and controlled, the voltage can be adjusted and the fluctuation of the voltage due to charging and discharging can be suppressed.

For example, when charging is started by connecting all the capacitors CA1 to CA3 and CB1 to CB3 in series as shown in FIG. 2D, when the terminal voltage on the charging side rises to a predetermined value, By switching to the connection shown in (E), the voltage is reduced by the voltage of the capacitors CA3 and CB3. Further, when the charging-side terminal voltage rises again to a predetermined value due to charging, the connection is sequentially switched to the connection shown in FIGS. 2F and 2G, whereby the charging-side terminal voltage can be suppressed so as not to rise above the predetermined value. it can.

When the discharge is started from the connection shown in FIG. 2G and power is supplied to the load, when the output voltage drops to a predetermined value, the output voltage is switched to the connection shown in FIG. When the output voltage further decreases to a predetermined value, switching to the connection shown in FIGS. 2E and 2D can suppress the output voltage so as not to drop below the predetermined value.

Moreover, only the switch SS connecting all the capacitors CA1 to CA3 and CB1 to CB3 in series bears the entire current during charging and discharging, and the other switches SA1 to SA3 and SB1 to SB3 1 / of the total current
Only 2 current capacity is needed. Further, since only one switch is connected in series to the capacitor at any stage, the loss due to the ON voltage of the switch, which is a problem when a semiconductor is used for the switch, can be minimized.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another embodiment of a capacitor power storage device having a series / parallel switching circuit.
CA1 to CAn, CB1 to CBn are capacitors, SA,
SB is a changeover switch, SS1, SS2, SSA1 to
SSA3, SSB1 to SSB3 are control rectifiers, SD
1, SD2, SDA1 to SDA3, SDB1 to SDB3
Denotes a rectifying element, A1 denotes a control circuit, 21 denotes a charging circuit, 22 denotes an output control circuit, and 23 denotes a load.

In FIG. 3A, a capacitor CM is
A main capacitor bank for output that is charged and discharged in the range of the rated voltage of the load, and includes capacitors CA1 to CAn and CB1.
To CBn are adjusting capacitors charged and discharged for voltage adjustment in the range of the allowable variation range of the load voltage.
M is connected in series, and the voltage is adjusted by switching between series and parallel connections. Changeover switches SA, SB
Is a capacitor CA1 connected in series with the capacitor CM.
.. CAn and CB1 to CBn are divided into two sets of capacitor groups to switch the series / parallel connection.

The control circuit A1 detects the charging / discharging state (terminal voltage) of the capacitor CM and controls the changeover switches SA and SB according to the charging / discharging state to connect the capacitors CA1 to CAn and CB1 to CBn in series / parallel. This is a control means for switching over. Changeover switches SA, SB
Are controlled by the control circuit A1.
n, CB1 to CBn are connected in series from the position of the solid line to the capacitors CA1 to CA of one of the capacitor groups A.
An series circuit and capacitor C of the other capacitor group B
The switching is controlled stepwise to a dotted line position where the series circuit of B1 to CBn is connected in parallel.

The charging circuit 21 uses a capacitor C
M, CA1 to CAn and CB1 to CBn are charged at a constant current, and switching of the series / parallel connection of the capacitors CA1 to CAn and CB1 to CBn connected in series to the capacitor CM is controlled in a stepwise manner. The series circuit of the capacitors CA1 to CAn of the capacitor group A and the series circuit of the capacitors CB1 to CBn of the other capacitor group B are connected in parallel and charged to the rated voltage, and the charging is completed.
The output control circuit 22 includes capacitors CM, CA1 to CAn, and CB1 to CB, for example, as in a known current pump.
n from the load 23 to the load 23, and the capacitor C as a current source (charging circuit) from the load 23
M, CA1 to CAn and CB1 to CBn are charged, that is, switching is performed in the case of regenerative braking in which the load 23 is a generator. Therefore, the output control circuit 2
As 2, electronic switches, step-down choppers, step-up choppers, and other DC / DC converters are used.
By controlling the connection switching of the capacitors CA1 to CAn and CB1 to CBn, it is possible to omit the case where the voltage is stabilized in a range that does not need to be adjusted when viewed from the load 23. Particularly, indispensable components are Absent. Of course, if the voltage fluctuation range is reduced by controlling the connection switching of the capacitors CA1 to CAn and CB1 to CBn, the converter can be designed with high efficiency by combining this with the converter, thereby realizing a power supply with high voltage stability. You can also.

Switches SA, S constituting a switching circuit
B is a unidirectional control rectifier SS1, SS2, SSA made of a semiconductor such as a thyristor as shown in FIG.
1 to SSA3, SSB1 to SSB3, and rectifying elements SD1, SD2, SDA1 to SDA3, SD
An anti-parallel circuit with B1 to SDB3 can be used.
Among these, a circuit that connects between one end of the series connection of at least one capacitor group A and the other end of the series connection of the other capacitor group B is a control rectifying element SSA1 and a rectifying element SDA.
1 and a circuit connecting between one end of the series connection of the other capacitor group B and the other end of the series connection of the one capacitor group A is made up of the control rectifier SSB1 and the rectifier SDB1. And the rectifying element SDA1 in the discharge direction,
SDB1 has a control rectifier SSA in the reverse direction (charging direction).
1. Connect SSB1 in parallel. In the other circuits, the control rectifiers SS2, SSA3, SSB3 in the charging direction and the control rectifiers SS1, SSA2, SSB2 in the opposite direction are connected in series, and the rectifiers SD2, SDA in the opposite direction are respectively connected.
3, SDB3, and rectifiers SD1, SDA2, SDB2 are connected in parallel. Of course, these circuits may be circuits in which thyristors (control rectifiers) are connected in anti-parallel or circuits in which triacs (bidirectional control rectifiers) are connected.

As described above, thyristors and triacs,
By forming a switching circuit by combining diodes, it is possible to withstand inrush current and reduce on-loss and gate loss for a long time. In addition, since the voltage of the capacitor is applied to the main pole as a reverse bias when the connection is switched, turn-off control is not particularly required, and the gate control circuit can be simplified. For example, FIG.
In the circuit of (B), at the time of charging, the control rectifier element SS
Start with only 2 turned on and all others turned off. Then, as the charging proceeds, the control rectifiers SSA3 and SSB3 are first turned on, so that the control rectifier SS2 is turned off by the reverse bias. Next, by turning on the control rectifiers SSA1 and SSB1, the control rectifiers SSA3 and SSB3 are turned off by the reverse bias.
At the time of discharging, the rectifying elements SDA1 and SDB1 are turned on to start discharging from the state where all the control rectifying elements are turned off, and the control rectifying elements SSA2 and SSB2 are turned on, and then the control rectifying element SS1 is turned on. Switching can be controlled until all of the capacitors CA1 to CAn and CB1 to CBn are connected in series.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing still another embodiment of a capacitor power storage device having a series / parallel switching circuit.
The capacitor battery is switched from parallel connection to series connection as the voltage drops. In this power storage device,
This has already been proposed by the present inventor (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
For example, a series / parallel switching circuit for the capacitor batteries C1 and C2 shown in FIG. 4A is further cascaded in multiple stages as shown in FIG. By performing the switching control, the fluctuation range of the voltage can be reduced in accordance with the number of stages. In this case, when switching from parallel connection to series connection, if the voltages of the capacitor batteries C1 and C2 are not uniform, a large cross current flows between the capacitor batteries C1 and C2. As shown in C), protection circuits A1 and A2 for preventing such cross current and switching elements Q1 to Q3 corresponding thereto are required.

As described above, it is also effective to reduce the fluctuation range of the voltage by switching the connection (switching the bank) and use this together with the current pump. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example in which the bank switching method and the current pump are used together. Depending on the adjustment capability of the current pump, the number of stages of connection switching, etc., it is possible to handle only the current pump without bank switching, or conversely only bank switching with the current pump, but it is also effective to use bank switching and a small current pump together It is. For example, an output voltage associated with a discharge in a system that performs one-stage bank switching is converted as shown in FIG. When a current pump is connected to the output as shown in FIG. 5B, the rating of the current pump composed of the switch S2 and the inductor L1 is 100% of the output capacity, that is, the output is 100 kW.
Switching converter is required. On the other hand, if the switching converter is connected so as to be in series with the capacitor bank as shown in FIG. 5C and the sum of the output of the switching converter and the output of the switching converter becomes the final output of the system, the current The rating of the pump only needs to cover the energy of the portion indicated by up in FIG. 5A. In other words, the maximum output is 5
0% is enough. If the bank switching is more cascaded and less variable, or if the load requirements allow more variation in output, the rated capacity of this type of current pump should be as small as 30-25%. Becomes possible.

When a large number of electric double layer capacitor single cells are connected in series, focusing on the individual capacitors, the shared voltage becomes non-uniform over time due to variations in capacitance and leakage current. When the battery is charged, the charge is added in inverse proportion to the capacitance, and the battery is discharged due to a variation in leakage current. In this way, the burden voltage of the capacitor finally reaches a voltage proportional to the leakage current. It is difficult to quantitatively control the quality of the leakage current and suppress it to a small variation, for example, less than 10%. Usually, the variation is twice or more, and the leakage voltage is degraded from a high burden voltage. In view of the worst variation, unless the capacitors bear a burden voltage low enough to withstand each capacitor, the capacitors are deteriorated and the original high reliability cannot be obtained. The parallel monitor and the initialization of the capacitor using the parallel monitor can prevent the above-mentioned burden voltage from varying indefinitely, and are extremely effective. Next, initialization of the capacitor power storage device using the parallel monitor will be described. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a parallel monitor having separate comparators for initialization and full charge detection. In the figure, 11 is a charger, 12 and 13 are comparators,
14 and 15 are OR gates, C is a capacitor, D is a diode, Rs is a resistor, Tr is a transistor, S1 is an initialization switch, and Vful and Vini are set voltages.

In FIG. 6, the parallel monitor has separate comparators 12 and 13 for initialization and full charge detection. The initialization comparator 12 outputs the first set voltage V
The transistor Tr connected in parallel with the capacitor C is operated so that the charging current is bypassed by ini.
The comparator 13 for detecting full charge detects the first set voltage V
second set voltage Vfu for determining initialization end higher than ini
It is used as voltage detecting means for detecting l. When the capacitor C is initialized, the transistor Tr and the resistor R constitute a charging current bypass circuit when the terminal voltage of the capacitor C becomes equal to or higher than the set voltage Vini, thereby limiting the bypass current. The resistor R sets the current.
The initialization switch S1 turns on / off the initialization operation of the capacitor C, and is turned on when the initialization mode is selected.

The charger 11 charges a plurality of capacitors C connected in series, and stops charging on condition that a full charge voltage is detected from any of the capacitors C. When performing the initialization charging, the charger 11 turns on the initialization switch S1 to start charging,
The output B of the comparator 12 for initialization of each capacitor is OR-processed and taken out to determine that the charging current bypass operation has started in any of the plurality of capacitors, and the comparator for full charge detection is determined. By performing OR logic processing on the output F of 13 and extracting it, it is determined that one of the plurality of capacitors has reached full charge, and the initialization charge is terminated. The OR gate 14 performs OR logic processing of the bypass operation signal B of the comparator 12, and the OR gate 15 performs OR logic processing of the full charge detection signal F of the comparator 13, and outputs to the charger 11 a constant current charging stop signal and a stop signal. Is what you do.

Therefore, the set voltage Vful is set to the full charge voltage of the capacitor, and the set voltage Vini is set to a voltage lower than the set voltage Vful. In the charging when the initialization switch S1 is turned on, a part of the charging current is bypassed by the bypass circuit including the transistor Tr and the resistor R sequentially from the capacitor charged to the set voltage Vini earlier, and the charging speed is reduced. When such a capacitor is fully charged, the charger 11 stops charging with a constant current, and performs relaxed charging as necessary.

Next, the operation at the time of charging and discharging and the initialization performed in the present invention will be described. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the charging / discharging style and the points of initialization seen in the use of the capacitor.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a charge curve at the time of initialization and a normal charge / discharge curve.

FIG. 7 shows the time when the initialization can be performed on the charge / discharge trace. Performs initialization using a diode provided in parallel with a capacitor. Performs initialization with full charge using one comparator. Performs little by little initialization during charging while using. Initializes while discharging while using. There are a number of points for initialization, such as initialization when the battery is not being charged or discharged while being used. Generally speaking, there is an uninterruptible power supply for personal computers that always waits for a power outage in a fully charged state, an uninterruptible power supply that can respond to low power input / output and standby for a power outage by improving the voltage fluctuation rate in the eighth minute, and is always in a charge / discharge cycle. If the parallel monitor is controlled so that one or several of them can be executed depending on the application, such as a night light by a solar cell, a wide range of applications,
Compatible with operating conditions.

In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, comparators are separately used for initialization and full charge detection as shown in FIG. Perform initialization when not performed. In this case, when the battery is not charged / discharged, for example, the battery is not in a charge / discharge state with a large current, the charge level Vn is within a certain range, and there is a variation exceeding a predetermined value. The initialization signal S is turned on, and at the same time, a dedicated charging for initialization is started. The normal charge level, that is, the relationship between the charge / discharge control center value Vn and the initial setting voltage Vini × the number n of the capacitor cells connected in series, is slightly lower in consideration of errors and variations in the comparator. Set as follows. That is, unless Vn is set to a lower value, the initialization current is wastefully consumed in a state where the initialization is almost completed, and if the voltage is too low, the voltages are not completely uniform even if the initialization is completed. Because.

The variation of the capacitor is determined based on the charge level when the full charge signal F is output. For example, at the stage of initial use and not yet initialized, the storage capacity is 10
The full charge signal F is output at a stage where the storage capacity is smaller as the variation is larger than 0%. Therefore, the degree of incomplete initialization (the degree of variation) can be determined based on how low the charge level at that time is compared to the full charge set voltage Vful × n. This determination is also possible at the charging level of the set voltage Vini.
That is, when the total charging voltage when any one of the capacitors reaches the predetermined charging voltage is compared with n times the predetermined charging voltage, the degree of variation can be determined from the difference. In this initialization, the larger the variation, the longer the time from when the bypass operation signal B detects the start of bypass of at least one parallel monitor by the bypass operation signal B to when the full charge signal F is detected, so that the bypass transistor Tr Fever increases. Such a bypass transistor T
When the heat generation of r is not preferable, after a certain period of time has elapsed from the detection by the bypass operation signal B, the initialization may be temporarily turned off to provide a cooling time to perform on / off (intermittent operation). The charging current dedicated to the conversion may be reduced. The initialization current may be adjusted by the adjustment signal AD while determining the degree of heat generation.

By performing the initialization when the battery is not charged or discharged as described above, especially when the battery is used in a hybrid electric vehicle, the brake or the accelerator is depressed during the initialization and a large current is applied. , The initialization condition is released and the initialization signal S can be turned off. In this case, if the initialization is incomplete, the storage capacity becomes 1
Although it cannot be used at the level of 00%, it can be used at a reasonable level, so that the initialization may be performed again when the initialization conditions are next satisfied.

When the capacitor starts charging at a constant current (constant current charging) from a state in which the capacitor is completely discharged or initialized with zero voltage, in a state where the initialization mode is not selected, that is, when the initialization switch S1 is off, Since the bias circuit for the charging current does not operate, A and B shown at the left end of FIG.
The voltage rises at an inclination according to the difference in capacitance as shown in FIG. Then, one of the capacitors connected in series, for example, set in the smaller capacitor C _A of the capacitor t1 voltage Vful
, The full-charge detection signal F of the comparator 13 becomes “H”, so that the output signal S of the OR gate 15 becomes “H”, and the charger 11 stops the constant current charging. In this state, the terminal voltage of the capacitor A becomes the set voltage Vfu due to self-charging or self-discharging inside the capacitor.
When l is interrupted, the signal F becomes "L" and charging is started again, so that the state of relaxed charging maintained at a constant voltage continues after t1.

Next, when the power discharged at time t2 and accumulated in the capacitor is used and the discharge is stopped at time t3,
When the initialization charging is performed by satisfying the initialization condition, the initialization switch S1 is turned on to start the charging. Thereafter, as described above, for example, the initialization charge is executed with a certain period of time (t5−t4 = td) from t4 when the terminal voltage of any one of the capacitors reaches the set voltage Vini, and initialization is performed at time t5. The initialization switch S1 is turned on to end the initialization. Thereafter, when the normal charging is further performed until the terminal voltage of any one of the capacitors reaches the set voltage Vful (fully charged), the time t6
, The charging is finally terminated. However, the charging may be terminated at the time t5 of the initialization end, or when the initialization charging is interrupted and the battery is discharged to use the power, the discharging is stopped. As described above, the initialization charging may be performed again later.

In the initialization period, when the bypass circuits are turned on, the rise in the terminal voltage of the capacitor is delayed by the current flowing through them. If the resistance R inserted and connected in series with the transistor Tr is zero, the terminal voltage becomes the set voltage Vin.
Although it does not increase more than i, the value of the resistor R is selected so as to bypass the charging current by half, for example, and the speed at which the voltage rises is halved, so that the terminal voltage continues to rise.

[0041] and thus the capacitor C _A has reached the set voltage Vini at t4, the capacitor C _B reaches at t5 delayed set voltage Vini, lower until it as is apparent from a comparison of the voltage at t1 and t6 capacitor C _B
Becomes closer to the terminal voltage of the capacitor C _A full terminal voltage during charging (charging stops) is increased.

Next, initialization control will be described with a specific example. FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example of initialization control, and FIG.
FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an example of an initialization process, and FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an example of a variation determination process.

In the initialization control according to the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, first, it is determined whether charging / discharging is being performed (step S11), and whether the charge level is within a set range (step S1).
2) It is determined whether or not the variation between the capacitors is large (step S13). If the charging level is within the set range while the battery is not being charged or discharged, and the variation between the capacitors is large, the initialization process is performed. Execute (step S14).

In the initialization process, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, the initialization switch S1 is turned on to turn on the initialization circuit (step S21), and initialization charging is started (step S22). Thereafter, it is determined whether or not a fully charged cell has been detected (step S23). If a fully charged cell has not been detected, whether a predetermined time has elapsed since the detection of the cell in which the bypass circuit of the parallel monitor operated. It is determined whether or not power supply has been performed (step S24). If the predetermined time has not elapsed, it is determined whether or not a power supply command to discharge to the load has been issued (step S25). As a result, if a fully charged cell has not been detected, the fixed time has not elapsed, and a power supply command has not been issued, the process returns to step S23 to repeat the same processing, and if a fully charged cell has been detected, If a predetermined time has elapsed and a power supply command has been issued, the initialization charging is stopped (step S26), and the initialization switch S1 is turned off to turn off the initialization circuit (step S27).

In the variation determination processing, for example, as shown in FIG. 11, when it is first detected that charging has been performed (step S31), the charging voltage Vn when a fully charged cell is detected is read (step S32). ), The difference ΔV between the set voltage Vful for detecting full charge × the number n of cells and the charge voltage Vn is calculated (step S33). Thereafter, it is determined whether or not ΔV is greater than a constant value K (step S34). If ΔV is greater than the constant value K, a flag F indicating large variation is set to “1”, and ΔV is set to a constant value. If not larger than K, a flag F indicating a large variation
Is set to "0" (step S36). That is, the constant value K is a reference value for determining whether the variation is large,
When all the cells are charged to the set voltage Vful and there is no variation at all, ΔV = 0.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible. For example, in the above-described embodiment, an example of a capacitor power storage device having a series-parallel switching circuit has been described. However, the embodiment does not have to include the series-parallel switching circuit, and may include another type of series-parallel switching circuit. It goes without saying that this may be the case. Current pump or bank switching, compared storage amount U output voltage V with the discharge of the capacitor bank of the capacitance C, so greatly varied in a well-known relationship U = CV ^2/2, inverter design Not to make it difficult
Alternatively, since it is inserted for the purpose of maintaining the efficiency, it may be omitted when the efficiency and the effective use of the charged amount are not considered. The input power may be a commercial power supply,
A fuel cell or an engine generator may be used. Further, a DC power supply may be used. In this case, the AC / DC converter is replaced with a DC / DC converter, and the current pump and the DC / A
The C inverter may be replaced with a current pump or a DC / DC converter.

[0047]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, a power supply using a capacitor power storage device connected to an input power supply and a load to supply power during a power failure or level the load. An adjustment device having a circuit for bypassing a charging current and having a capacitor connected in parallel with a parallel monitor for controlling a charging voltage and a current, comprising: a plurality of capacitors; and a charging device for charging the capacitor power storage device from an input power supply. Means, discharge means for controlling the output current from the capacitor power storage device to perform discharge, connection means for connecting the power supply system between the input power supply and the load to supply the output of the discharge means to the load, and input power supply. Since the power supply system between the load and the control means for controlling the charging means and the discharging means by monitoring the power supply system, the charging and discharging of the capacitor power storage device can be performed in a short time, and the power supply at the time of the power failure can be performed. Ri can be and go the leveling of the load.

The charging means has an AC / DC converter, an initialization function for setting an initialization voltage, and charging each of the capacitors to the initialization voltage.
/ AC inverter and a current pump for controlling the output current to a constant level, the capacitor power storage device has a bank switching circuit for switching the series and parallel of the capacitors according to the charging voltage, and the control means detects a change in load. Control the charging means and the discharging means to charge and discharge the capacitor power storage device to level the load, detect a power outage of the input power supply, control the discharging means, and supply power from the capacitor power storage device. It is possible to provide a device capable of leveling the load by performing backup of a power failure and supplying insufficient power to a peak load with high efficiency, low loss, long life and high reliability.

Further, the present invention can be incorporated in a high-quality power line that requires no power failure or instantaneous interruption. In addition, power supply equipment for production equipment such as papermaking and spinning that requires highly stable power, research equipment, hospitals, and computer facilities are equipped with emergency generators in preparation for long-term power outages. The start-up required time of the generator of the slow start type is guaranteed to be about 40 seconds. Therefore, by combining these emergency power generation equipment and the present invention which can back up the time until the start-up of the Can switch to emergency power. Moreover, by using the load leveling of the present invention together, it is possible to prevent an accident such as a step-out of the power generation system having a relatively small installed capacity due to a sharp load current and a power failure.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a power supply adjusting device using a capacitor power storage device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a capacitor power storage device used in the power supply adjustment device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another embodiment of a capacitor power storage device having a series / parallel switching circuit.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing still another embodiment of a capacitor power storage device having a series / parallel switching circuit.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example of using a bank switching method and a current pump together.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a parallel monitor having separate comparators for initialization and full charge detection.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of charging / discharging styles and points of initialization in the usage of a capacitor.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a charge curve at the time of initialization and a normal charge / discharge curve.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of initialization control.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an initialization process.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a variation determination process.

[Explanation of symbols]

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 AC / DC converter, 2 charge control circuit, 3 capacitor storage device, 4 current pump, 5 DC / AC inverter, 6 output control circuit, 7 connection circuit, 8 control device

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) H02M 7/06 H01G 9/00 301Z (72) Inventor Okamura Dio 2-19 Minamiota, Minami-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture No. 6 F term (reference) 5G015 FA10 GA11 HA11 JA21 JA60 5G065 AA00 DA04 EA01 EA06 HA16 JA07 LA01 LA02 MA01 MA02 MA10 NA01 5H006 AA04 AA06 CA03 CA05 CA06 CA07 CA12 CA13 CB09 CC08 DA04 DB01 DC05 GA01 GA04 5H730 AA11 AS11 BB82 BB85 BB86 BB88 BB98 CC01 DD05 DD06 DD07 FD21 FG01 FG23 FG24 FG26 XC01

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A power supply adjustment device using a capacitor power storage device connected to an input power supply and a load to supply power at the time of a power failure or to level the load, and has a circuit for bypassing a charging current. A capacitor power storage device including a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel with a parallel monitor for controlling charging voltage and current; charging means for charging the capacitor power storage device from the input power; and controlling an output current from the capacitor power storage device. Discharging means for performing a discharge by means of a power supply, connecting means connected to a power supply system between the input power supply and the load to supply the output of the discharge means to the load, and monitoring a power supply system between the input power supply and the load. And a control means for controlling the charging means and the discharging means. 2. The power supply adjusting device using a capacitor power storage device according to claim 1, wherein said charging means has an AC / DC converter. 3. The charging means sets an initialization voltage,
The power supply adjusting device according to claim 1, further comprising an initialization function of charging each of the capacitors to the initialization voltage. 4. The power supply adjusting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said discharging means has a DC / AC inverter. 5. The power supply adjusting device according to claim 1, wherein said discharging means has a current pump for controlling an output current to be constant. 6. The power supply adjusting device according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor power storage device includes a bank switching circuit that performs a series / parallel switching of the capacitor according to a charging voltage. 7. The control unit detects a change in load, controls the charging unit and the discharging unit, and charges and discharges the capacitor power storage device to level the load and detect a power outage of the input power supply. The power supply adjusting device using the capacitor power storage device according to claim 1, wherein the power supply is supplied from the capacitor power storage device by controlling the discharging means.