GB1561860A - Electrical equipment for the supply of direct current - Google Patents

Electrical equipment for the supply of direct current Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1561860A
GB1561860A GB1143277A GB1143277A GB1561860A GB 1561860 A GB1561860 A GB 1561860A GB 1143277 A GB1143277 A GB 1143277A GB 1143277 A GB1143277 A GB 1143277A GB 1561860 A GB1561860 A GB 1561860A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
phase
coils
legs
transformer
yoke
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB1143277A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VILLAMOS BERENDEZES ES KESZULE
Original Assignee
VILLAMOS BERENDEZES ES KESZULE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VILLAMOS BERENDEZES ES KESZULE filed Critical VILLAMOS BERENDEZES ES KESZULE
Priority to GB1143277A priority Critical patent/GB1561860A/en
Publication of GB1561860A publication Critical patent/GB1561860A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/068—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode mounted on a transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/12—Two-phase, three-phase or polyphase transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Description

(54) ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR THE SUPPLY OF DIRECT CURRENT (71) We, VILLAMOS BERENDEZES Es KESZULEK MUVEK, of Budapest II., Ganz utca 16, Hungary, a body corporate organized under the laws of Hungary, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be per formed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The invention concerns an equipment for the supply of direct current.
Known rectifying apparatus for the supply of direct current (D.C.) generally consists of a mains transformer or transformers, a rectifier unit and adjusting, regulating or control elements in the primary or secondary circuits.
The design of these main units is rendered difficult by the disadvantageous effect of certain factors related to their material and floor space requirements. The characteristic performance (rated output) of the transformer is determined not only by the circuit arrangements of the included rectifier and the rated (nominal) D.C. output, but also by the maximum D.C. output voltage required. If the desired V-I characteristic of the rectifying devices has a flat and/or falling shape, i.e. a reducing D.C.
output current is associated with a substantially higher D.C. output voltage than that associated with the rated (or: nominal) D.C. output, then the rated performance of the mains transformer of the rectifier equipment (i.e. the characteristic factor on which the material and floor space requirement of the transformer chiefly depends), is determined by a maximum D.C. output voltage at which the rated output of a transformer is consequently considerably higher than that of a transformer the characteristic performance of which is determined by the D.C. output voltage associated with the nominal D.C. current. Such a transformer therefore requires more floor space.
In some practical applications the need for an increase in the rated performance of the mains transformer has been obviated by the inclusion into the equipment of certain auxiliary supply units providing the desired increase in the D.C. output voltage associated with reducing D.C. output current.
This solution has led, however, to dividing the rated output of the equipment between two supply units, resulting, therefore, in no tangible advantage regarding material and floor space requirements.
One known way to overcome these difficulties is by the use of D.C. regulators.
These are, however, rather complicated devices and their application is therefore limited.
Owing to their known practical advantages, rectifier units are often used in the form of a six-pulse three-phase half-wave circuit. Such 6-pulse 3-phase half-wave rectifiers are fed in turn by secondary coils connected to the individual legs of the alternating current transformer. To achieve an economic operation of the semi-conductors and to ensure longer current conduction times and the parallel current conduction of the semiconductors, saturable reactors are often built into the equipment. The regulating elements in the primary or secondary circuit are based on a magnetic working principle. Also, triacs are widely used in the primary circuit, and so are controlled rectifying elements such as thyristors, in the secondary circuit.
The disadvantage of the regulating elements being included in the primary and secondary circuits such as magnetic amplifiers is that they require a large floor space.
An aim of the invention is the provision of an electric rectifier equipment with a flat andSor falling V-I characteristic curve in which an increasing D.C. output voltage associated with a reducing D.C. output current is achieved by a transformer of reduced output.
A further aim of the invention is to assure parallel current conduction of the semiconductors, i.e. an increase in the dura tion of the current conduction of the semiconductor elements which are included in the 6-pulse 3-phase halfwave rectifier equipment, without the use of a saturable reactor filter, and to reduce substantially the material and floor space requirements of the magnetically operated control elements built into the rectifier equipment.
According to the present invention there is provided an electrical apparatus for the supply of direct current from a three-phase alternating current source comprising a three-phase alternating current transformer and a six-pulse three-phase half-wave rectifier unit; the transformer comprising a core having three phase-legs arranged such that one end of each of the phase-legs is connected by means of separate yokes to the corresponding end of each of the other two phase-legs, while the respective other ends of the phase legs are all interconnected by a common yoke; individual primary coils arranged on each of the phase-legs, these coils being connected in star, delta or zig-zag formation and providing respective transformer input terminals for connection to the three-phase alternating current source, and secondary yoke coils arranged in pairs on each of the separate yokes, each yoke coil providing a respective input for the rectifier unit.
Preferably, respective one ends of the yoke coils are all connected together to provide a first D.C. output terminal, and the other ends of each yoke coil are each connected to a respective input of the rectifier unit to provide the other D.C. output terminal.
Thus, in effect, the pairs of coils on the respective yokes are joined together at one end, the junctions of these pairs of coils being connected to the said one D.C. output terminal, while their other ends are connected to respective inputs of the rectifier unit which provides the other D.C. output terminaI.
Advantageously, the transformer input terminals may be arranged to receive power from the alternating current source via a three-phase magnetic amplifier comprising a core having three phase-legs arranged such that one end of each of the phase-legs is connected by means of separate yokes to the corresponding end of each of the other two phase-legs, while the respective other ends of the phase legs are all interconnected by a common yoke; individual coils arranged on each of said phase legs, and each connected in series with a respective one of the leg coils of the transformer; and D.C. evciter yoke-coils arranged in pairs D.C. exciter yoke-coils arranged in pairs ted in series with one another to permit direct current control of the magnetic amplifier.
Apparatus in accordance with the invention is capable of producing a V-I characteristic with a flat and/or falling curve even when a three-phase mains transformer having a comparatively low characteristic performance is employed. At the same time, a more favourable load on the semiconductor elements of the 6-pulse 3phase half-wave rectifier can be achieved, without using saturable reactors. These advantages are derived from the fact that the preferred arrangement of the invention utilises the yoke-flux through the yoke-coils.
The equipment according to the invention makes it possible to establish a magnetic control function in the transformer primary circuit, i.e. using a three-phase magnetic amplifier of an advantageous design and very small floor space requirement.
From the point of view of achieving the aim of the invention it is of particular advantage to exploit the identical or almost identical design of the three-phase magnetic amplifier and the alternating current transformer of the equipment. Each of these two components can be combined to form a common module or building block in which each of the phase-legs of the alternating current transformer and of the threephase magnetic amplifier for respective phases are encompassed by leg coil windings of both the transformer and the amplifier for that phase. Preferably, both components share a common leg coil for each phase, and the three-phase coil system formed by these coils is connected to the alternating current mains in star, delta or zigzag connection.
The three-phase primary coil system formed by the common coils performs not only the function of the working coils of the threephase magnetic-amplifier but also acts as primary coils of the alternating current transformer. Naturally, the yoke-coils remain separated on the yokes of the magnetic amplifier and on the yokes of the transformer.
The 6-pulse 3-phase half-wave rectifier included in the rectifier equipment may contain controlled, or non-controlled, or both controlled and non-controlled semiconductors.
The advantageous properties of the equipment to be herein desctibed are not affected by the inclusion in the D.C. circuit of an inductance in series with the D.C.
load.
The invention is described, merely by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows a schematic circuit arrangement embodying the invention and comprising an electrical rectifier apparatus having a V-Icharacteristic with a flat and/or falling curve.
In the illustrated embodiment of the ap paratus according to the invention the direct current load (not shown) e.g. an electric welding apparatus, an accummulator (to be charged) or other such load requiring a V-I characteristic having a flat and/or falling curve is connected to the apparatus via terminals 1 and 2.
The main parts of the apparatus enclosed in broken lines are: an alternating current transformer 3, a rectifying unit 4, known per se, comprising the rectifying elements, and a three-phase magnetic amplifier 20.
The legs or core sections 5, 6 and 7 of transformer 3 are so arranged spatially that the outer end of leg 5 is connected via discrete yokes 8 and 10 to the respective outer ends of leg 6 and leg 7; similarly the outer end of leg 6 is connected via discrete yokes 8 and 9 to the respective outer ends of legs 6 and 5). The remaining (inner) ends of legs 5, 6, 7 are conected to each other by a common yoke.
The common yoke in this embodiment is at the point of intersection of the three legs 5, 6 and 7. The leg-coils 11, 12 and 13 are wound respectively on the three legs 5, 6 and 7 of the transformer 3. These three coils 11, 12 and 13 form a star-connected primary winding system for the transformer 3. The points 14, 15 and 16 of the primary winding system may either be connected directly to an alternating current mains supply or to the three-phase magnetic amplifier 20. In this embodiment, the ends of the leg coils 33, 34 and 35 of the threephase magnetic amplifier 20 are connected to the terminals 14, 15 and 16. The input sides of coils 33, 34 and 35 are connected to the terminals 17, 18 and 19 of the alternating current mains supply.
Yoke-coils 21, 22; 23, 24; as well as 25 and 26 are arranged on the discrete yokes 8, 9 and 10 of the transformer 3; the yokecoils are interconnected in pairs at one end of each, while their other ends are connected via input terminals 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 to the 6-pulse 3-phase half-wave rectifier unit, serving thus for connection to the alternating current supply. Thus the A.C.
voltages generated by induction in the secondary coils, that is, in the yoke-coils 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26, can be coupled to the rectifier unit 4 via its input terminals 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32.
The structure of the iron core of the three-phase magnetic amplifier formed by the legs 36, 37 and 38 and the discrete yokes 39, 40, 41 is, in the illustrated embodiment, identical with the structure of the iron core of the transformer 3 so that the latter needs no further description. Legs 36, 37 and 38 carry the leg-coils 33, 34, and 35 which are the operative or working coils of the magnetic amplifier 20 and function as a primary-side control element for the mains transformer 3. The magnitude of the primary-side control function is determined by the direct current control exercised via the series connected yoke-coils 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 and 47 arranged on the discrete yokes 39, 40 and 41 and connected to the regulator unit 48.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:- 1. Electrical apparatus for the supply of direct current from a three-phase alternating current source, comprising a threephase alternating current transformer and a six-pulse three-phase half-wave rectifier unit; the transformer comprising a core having three phase-legs arranged such that one end of each of the phase-legs is connected by means of separate yokes to the corresponding end of each of the other twophase-legs, while the respective other ends of the phase-legs are all interconnected by a common yoke; individual primary coils arranged on each of the phase-legs, these coils being connected in star, delta or zigzag formation and providing respective transformer input terminals for connection to the three-phase alternating current source, and secondary yoke coils arranged in pairs on each of the separate yokes, each yoke coil providing a respective input for the rectifier unit.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein respective one ends of the yoke coils are all connected together to provide a first D.C. output terminal, and the other ends of each yoke coil are each connected to a respective input of the rectifier unit to provide the other D.C. output terminal.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1, or Claim 2, wherein said transformer input terminals provided by the primary leg coils are arranged to receive power from a threephase magnetic amplifier comprising a core having three phase-legs arranged such that one end of each of the phase-legs is connected by means of a separate yoke to the corresponding end of each of the other two phase legs, while the respective other ends of the phase legs are all interconnected by a common yoke; individual coils arranged on each of said phase legs, and each connected in series with a respective one of the leg coils of the transformer; and D.C. exciter yoke-coils arranged in pairs on each of the separate yokes and connected in series with one another to permit direct current control of the magnetic amplifier.
4. Apparatus according to Claim 3, wherein the transformer and magnetic amplifier are at least partially combined in a common structure, the phase-legs of the cores of both the transformer and the amplifier belonging to respective phases being surrounded by the leg coil windings of the transformer and the amplifier for that phase.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (6)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. paratus according to the invention the direct current load (not shown) e.g. an electric welding apparatus, an accummulator (to be charged) or other such load requiring a V-I characteristic having a flat and/or falling curve is connected to the apparatus via terminals 1 and 2. The main parts of the apparatus enclosed in broken lines are: an alternating current transformer 3, a rectifying unit 4, known per se, comprising the rectifying elements, and a three-phase magnetic amplifier 20. The legs or core sections 5, 6 and 7 of transformer 3 are so arranged spatially that the outer end of leg 5 is connected via discrete yokes 8 and 10 to the respective outer ends of leg 6 and leg 7; similarly the outer end of leg 6 is connected via discrete yokes 8 and 9 to the respective outer ends of legs 6 and 5). The remaining (inner) ends of legs 5, 6, 7 are conected to each other by a common yoke. The common yoke in this embodiment is at the point of intersection of the three legs 5, 6 and 7. The leg-coils 11, 12 and 13 are wound respectively on the three legs 5, 6 and 7 of the transformer 3. These three coils 11, 12 and 13 form a star-connected primary winding system for the transformer 3. The points 14, 15 and 16 of the primary winding system may either be connected directly to an alternating current mains supply or to the three-phase magnetic amplifier 20. In this embodiment, the ends of the leg coils 33, 34 and 35 of the threephase magnetic amplifier 20 are connected to the terminals 14, 15 and 16. The input sides of coils 33, 34 and 35 are connected to the terminals 17, 18 and 19 of the alternating current mains supply. Yoke-coils 21, 22; 23, 24; as well as 25 and 26 are arranged on the discrete yokes 8, 9 and 10 of the transformer 3; the yokecoils are interconnected in pairs at one end of each, while their other ends are connected via input terminals 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 to the 6-pulse 3-phase half-wave rectifier unit, serving thus for connection to the alternating current supply. Thus the A.C. voltages generated by induction in the secondary coils, that is, in the yoke-coils 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26, can be coupled to the rectifier unit 4 via its input terminals 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32. The structure of the iron core of the three-phase magnetic amplifier formed by the legs 36, 37 and 38 and the discrete yokes 39, 40, 41 is, in the illustrated embodiment, identical with the structure of the iron core of the transformer 3 so that the latter needs no further description. Legs 36, 37 and 38 carry the leg-coils 33, 34, and 35 which are the operative or working coils of the magnetic amplifier 20 and function as a primary-side control element for the mains transformer 3. The magnitude of the primary-side control function is determined by the direct current control exercised via the series connected yoke-coils 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 and 47 arranged on the discrete yokes 39, 40 and 41 and connected to the regulator unit 48. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:-
1. Electrical apparatus for the supply of direct current from a three-phase alternating current source, comprising a threephase alternating current transformer and a six-pulse three-phase half-wave rectifier unit; the transformer comprising a core having three phase-legs arranged such that one end of each of the phase-legs is connected by means of separate yokes to the corresponding end of each of the other twophase-legs, while the respective other ends of the phase-legs are all interconnected by a common yoke; individual primary coils arranged on each of the phase-legs, these coils being connected in star, delta or zigzag formation and providing respective transformer input terminals for connection to the three-phase alternating current source, and secondary yoke coils arranged in pairs on each of the separate yokes, each yoke coil providing a respective input for the rectifier unit.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein respective one ends of the yoke coils are all connected together to provide a first D.C. output terminal, and the other ends of each yoke coil are each connected to a respective input of the rectifier unit to provide the other D.C. output terminal.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1, or Claim 2, wherein said transformer input terminals provided by the primary leg coils are arranged to receive power from a threephase magnetic amplifier comprising a core having three phase-legs arranged such that one end of each of the phase-legs is connected by means of a separate yoke to the corresponding end of each of the other two phase legs, while the respective other ends of the phase legs are all interconnected by a common yoke; individual coils arranged on each of said phase legs, and each connected in series with a respective one of the leg coils of the transformer; and D.C. exciter yoke-coils arranged in pairs on each of the separate yokes and connected in series with one another to permit direct current control of the magnetic amplifier.
4. Apparatus according to Claim 3, wherein the transformer and magnetic amplifier are at least partially combined in a common structure, the phase-legs of the cores of both the transformer and the amplifier belonging to respective phases being surrounded by the leg coil windings of the transformer and the amplifier for that phase.
5. Apparatus according to Claim 4,
wherein both the transformer and magnetic amplifier share a common leg coil for each phase-leg, the common leg coils being connected in star, delta or zig-zag configuration with respect to input terminals for connection to the alternating current source.
6. Electrical apparatus for the supply of direct current, substantially as herein described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawing.
GB1143277A 1977-03-17 1977-03-17 Electrical equipment for the supply of direct current Expired GB1561860A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1143277A GB1561860A (en) 1977-03-17 1977-03-17 Electrical equipment for the supply of direct current

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1143277A GB1561860A (en) 1977-03-17 1977-03-17 Electrical equipment for the supply of direct current

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1561860A true GB1561860A (en) 1980-03-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1143277A Expired GB1561860A (en) 1977-03-17 1977-03-17 Electrical equipment for the supply of direct current

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB1561860A (en)

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PS Patent sealed
732 Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977)
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee