ES2558951B2 - Electronic modules and modular electronic systems for monitoring and / or management or control of power converters - Google Patents

Abstract

Electronic modules and modular electronic systems for monitoring and / or management or control of power converters. The present invention relates to electronic modules integrable in modular electronic systems for the monitoring and / or management or control of power converters, comprising one or more connections for connecting with one or more electronic modules integrable in said modular electronic systems; one or more adaptation zones of said input and / or output signals; one or more filters, to filter the signals of electromagnetic interference and / or noise; and one or more zones for signal duplication. The invention also relates to modular electronic systems that include said modules.

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Modulus electronics and modular electronic systems for monitoring and / or management

o control of power converters

TECHNICAL SECTOR

The present invention falls within the technical area of power electronics and electrical engineering. Specifically, the present invention relates to modular electronic systems of the application with the monitoring and / or management or control of one or more power converters. Said modular electronic systems comprise at least two electronic modules (also called plates or cards) chosen within a variety of suitable electronic modules for integration into a modular electronic system, said variety of modules also object of the present invention. The modular electronic systems, and the electronic modules, object of the invention allow a quick and simple use and integration into different ones; applications in which one or more power converters appear, whatever the topology, configuration and type of semiconductor used.

STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

The main purpose of electronic power is the use of electronic devices to convert and control energy in a way that meets the requirements of the systems connected to its output. Power electronics have been evolving thanks to the advances of electronic devices and automatic control. Some of these advances are related to the appearance of more powerful microprocessors such as DSPs (Digital Signal Processors) or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), and the continuous evolution of MOSFET transistors, IGBT transistors (Insulated Gate Base Transistor) and semiconductors based on Silicon carbide (SiC), which have advantages for working in extreme conditions of temperature, voltage and frequency.

F. These electronic devices mentioned above, along with others. They have been frequently included in electronic control boards of power converters, also known as control hardware. However, there have always been the power converters that are intended to be controlled and, in many other cases, the algorithm

of control to be applied, which has determined the electronic control system used. This has made it necessary that for each power converter it is necessary to develop a specific electronic control system, having as a limitation the need to completely redesign the electronic control system in case of modification of the power hardware, 5 bringing with it extra costs in its Development and materials.

This has been the usual scenario for many years in the power electronics industry and, possibly, in the near future in which the electric vehicle begins to take shape, the need for modular and scalable electronic control systems becomes more evident. for power converters that adapt easily and quickly 10 to the requirements of the converters to be controlled and that allow the implementation of the new control algorithms that appear without the need to change all the control hardware.

The state of the art of power electronics, and specifically in the field of electronic power converter control systems. It is detailed below with reference to the background that appears in the line of work of the invention described herein.

An invention of an electronic controller for bidirectional power converter, based on two multilevel inverters, is described in the patent ES 2 255 837 B1. This patent has designed an complete structure called CONDOR CONVERTER consisting of two modules that are, the power electronic system or module I, and the electronic control system or module II. The electronic control system consists of two business cards (DSP TMS6713 and one FPGA SPARTAN II) and two cards designed by the inventors, which are an electronic card to allow communication between the two business cards and another electronic card to allow communications using a USB port. This patent lacks a modular design and adaptable to the different characteristics of power converters or different topologies. In fact, it is clear in the claims that it is a specific invention for two three-level converters of the NPC type (Neutral-Point-Clamped) and that their use makes sense in conjunction with this type of topology and not with another.

In patent ES 2 398 174 B1 a control system is described coupled between the electric machine, which has a wind turbine, and the power grid to which power is supplied. The invention described in this patent consists of a converter consisting of at least two converter modules coupled in parallel and a quality control system.

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serial delivered to the network. The control system focuses on the activation or deactivation of these modules, carried out with outdated signal patterns generated with the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) modulation technique, performing this activation / deactivation dynamically so that the electrical energy delivered The network complies with the energy quality regulations imposed by the Spanish electricity network. This invention emphasizes the wind turbine sector, however it does not extend the electronic control system invented to power converters in other fields. In addition, the electronic cards used are not mentioned in detail. As with the application sector, the design of the control system is specific to the set of components described in the patent and not extensible to other configurations.

In the patent ES 2 390 133 T3, which corresponds to a translation of a European patent entitled "power converters", a set of power converter-wind turbine-control systems is described, in order to generate electrical energy to supply it to the electricity grid. This invention mentions that it has controllers and also inverters / rectifiers which have a plurality of semiconductor power switching devices. Although the procedure and components are described in detail in the patent, the set of electronic control cards used is not described in detail focusing more on other parts and applications of the invention. It follows from this, that the cards do not have the property of being modular. Although it is described that the invention would be capable of being applied to other electric power generation techniques in which the use of power converters is also made, it again leaves open the issue of which electronic card system is used as controllers, which are their characteristics or if they are modular or not.

In the patent ES 2 143 947 A1 a didactic control unit of DC motors is presented in which different electronic cards are used. However, it is necessary that the electronic cards used correspond each with a type of engine, that is, that the modularity of the system is based on having a specific control card for each type of engine, not having functional electronic modules smaller and exchange them to adapt to the requirements of the system to be controlled. In addition, the control system focuses on the motors, not on the wider set of power converters and also focuses the application only on didactic activities, not taking the system to industrial applications.

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As is evident from the background described above, in the sector of power electronics, and more specifically within the hardware of electronic control systems applied to power converters, commercial electronic cards with microcontrollers of the DSP or FPGA type can be used, or recent real-time control systems such as xPC, DSpace or OPAL-RT systems. There are also some inventions in which electronic cards have been designed and implemented that together with the previous ones offer some extra functionality, such as system monitoring or facilitating communication between several cards. connected to each other. Other inventions do not focus on the physical electronic system, that is, the hardware, but instead describe the control procedure implemented with commercial components in specific applications, such as the generation of wind energy.

No invention of the above focuses on developing an electronic control system that is modular, that is, that it is composed of a large set of cards or modules that can be easily interconnected with each other, as if it were a puzzle, to form in a short time a valid control hardware for any type of power converter in any application, and in which any known control algorithm can be implemented since it allows:

- Increase the number of measurements to be performed (voltage, current, speed, temperature),

- Increase the number or change the type of semiconductors to be controlled (directly linked to the topology of the converter),

- Store operating conditions or measurements with a datalogger (data recording device) with expandable storage capacity.

The concept of modularity referred to in the present invention is understood at the level of cards or modules, not at the level of the electronic components that said cards or modules contain; in particular, said concept must be understood as the possibility of exchanging / interconnecting in a reconfigurable way different cards or modules.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

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Subject of the present invention are electronic modules suitable for integration into modular electronic systems for the monitoring and / or management or control of power converters, said modular electronic systems characterized by allowing rapid interconnection of different electronic cards, by way of puzzle, to form different control hardware systems for power converter applications such as, not exclusively, the following:

- Power generation (renewable or conventional).

- Transport of electric energy in direct current (known in English as Voltage-Source Converters - High-Voltage, Direct Current or with the corresponding acronym VSC-HVDC).

- FACTS (Flexible AC transmission Systems).

- Energy storage (batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, flywheels),

- Electric traction (electric motors).

The concept of power converter referred to in the present invention is understood as the equipment consisting of different electrical and electronic components (switchgear, power semiconductors, drivers, etc.) that is used to modify / control / transform the characteristics of the energy from the input of said equipment (converter) to the output of said equipment (converter).

The different electronic cards or modules (the terms card, board or module will be used interchangeably during the document) that constitute the object of this invention are of different characteristics, some are electronic cards dedicated to the processing of the serial, implementing control algorithms, others They have the task of acquiring analog signals to serve as input to the control sisterna, others offer the possibility of carrying the procured signals to other circuits, others have the function of expansion and offer the possibility of connecting to other commercial electronic cards.

In accordance with the foregoing, the following electronic cards or modules are object of the present invention, as well as modular electronic systems comprising said modules or combinations of said modules:

- Base module: which serves as a link between all connected modules and is responsible for generating the voltages that will be used in each of them, as

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they can be, and not exclusively, the supply and ground reference voltages, the analog and power voltages, etc.

- Speed measurement module: is responsible for measuring the speed of rotation of a rotor (own element of power converter applications such as wind generation or electric traction). This module can measure the speed using the technology of a tachometer or that of an encoder.

- Speed measurement expansion module: this allows to obtain a second speed measurement from a secondary tachometer or encoder, having the ability to expand up to a maximum of two plates.

- Activation / deactivation module: it is responsible for generating the activation / deactivation signals of the power serriiconductors used in the converter (1GBT, MOSFET, other silicon carbide based semiconductors, etc.) through the modulation technique implemented, which can be for example:

o Modulation by generic pulse width or PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) or SVPWM or in its English nomenclature Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation or Vector Control

These techniques are usually implemented in the different applications of electronic power converters. This module can be used with power converters that implement any type of semiconductor technology such as 1GBT, MOSFET. SiC, etc.

- Activation / deactivation expansion module: it allows to increase the number of activation / deactivation signals of the power semiconductors. being possible to reach a maximum of four plates.

- Temperature measurement module: measures the temperature to avoid overheating situations.

- Module of relays: it allows to activate a set of relays that exert the protection functions of the power converter in anomalous operating conditions, as for example in the case of overheating, and of control of the switchgear necessary for its connection to the network Electric, among others.

- Tension measurement module: it has the function of measuring the differential tension between two points.

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- Tension measurement expansion module: allows the number of tension measurements to be extended to a maximum of four measurements.

- Intensity measurement module: allows to measure the intensity through the intensity sensors located in the power converter or those that are independent and are located in the same module. It allows controlling aspects such as the full scale or the range of measurement that can be taken. This module is compatible with intensity sensors that use Hall technology.

- Intensity measurement expansion module: allows you to extend the number of intensity measurements to a maximum of four measurements.

- Data storage module or datalogger, allows to store, among other things, a register of the control states, measurements of the state variables (current, speed, voltage, temperature and others) to be monitored and processed extensively.

- Control module: allows other modules mentioned above (such as measurement, activation / deactivation, datalogger, among others), to connect to this module in which the control device resides (microprocessor / real-time control system) . It also allows the connection between the control device and an external computer that communicates with the modular electronic system through JTAG or RS232 connections. It is able to implement control techniques in real time with great efficiency. You can have a microprocessor (such as a DSP or another) or a real-time control system (for example, type xPC or other).

Power converters are used today in many applications such as the generation of electric power to be delivered to the distribution network, in machinery and 25 vehicles such as cars, in the industry, in personal applications, etc. You can also find some applications in which several power converters are used at the same time, being necessary to control each one of them either independently or together. There are also many types of power converters, depending on their technical characteristics (electrical or mechanical), their application 30 (converting movement into electrical energy, converting the characteristics of electrical energy from different ones, such as the current changes in direct current, transform voltage and intensity levels, etc.). Because of this wide variety of

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converters that may appear alone or together we will now call the power converter system that is intended to monitor and / or manage or control with modular electronic systems object of this invention as OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM. This denomination responds only to the intention of facilitating the understanding of this document.

The modular design of the invention has the advantage of being able to adapt to the characteristics of the OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM that one wants to control, with the simple fact of selecting, from among all the electronic taijctas or modules that are part of this invention, those that are suitable to measure the desired input signals and apply the calculated control signals. By properly connecting these selected cards, a specific control hardware is available to control the OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM.

The modular electronic systems object of the invention are so flexible in their characteristics, that simply connecting some modules or others can have different specifications in the joint system, allowing to easily control an OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM consisting of one or more Power converters, with different characteristics, semiconductors, control measures and topologies.

The present invention also allows the implementation of different control techniques and algorithms thanks to the possibility of programming them in the modules responsible for signal processing and the calculation of control signals, such as the control module described below.

The invention allows maintenance and updating to be carried out easily and quickly. It is possible to incorporate new more efficient control algorithms into the same OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM with the simple act of reprogramming the modular control system. If, on the other hand, the new control algorithms need to measure other parameters or acquire signals that were not previously taken into account, simplcmcntc including a new card in charge of measuring said signals to the electronic modular control system will have all the necessary components to implement the New control algorithm. This avoids having to either change the control system in its entirety to adapt to the new algorithms to be implemented, or continue using old and more inefficient control algorithms because it involves a high cost to change the entire control system.

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It also facilitates e) maintenance and updating if the application in which the service characteristics of the OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM have to be changed, and it is necessary to modify the complete system and with it the electronic control hardware. The object of this invention would allow, for the same reasons as those described in the previous paragraph, to adapt to the new characteristics of the new system to be controlled, just by modifying certain cards or modules or connecting new ones.

It is therefore highlighted in the previous paragraphs that the maintenance and updating advantages of this invention cover both possible changes in hardware and software.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Next, a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention which is presented as a non-limiting example of this is described very briefly.

Figure 1. Shows a modular electronic system connected with several of the modules discussed above in a simple configuration.

Figure 2. It shows a modular electronic system connected with several of the modules mentioned above in an expanded configuration in which it demonstrates its full potential and is capable of controlling complex magnet systems of up to twelve semiconductors, two speed measurements. four intensity measurements, four voltage measurements, two temperature measurements and datalogger data storage.

Figure 3. It shows an activation / deactivation module for encapsulates of a single 1GBT or semiconductor device.

Figure 4. Shows an activation / deactivation module for encapsulates of several IGBTs or semiconductor devices in NPC configuration.

Figure 5. Shows a velocity measurement module in which an halter is used to take velocity measurements.

Figure 6. Shows a speed measurement module in which a tachometer is used to take speed measurements.

Figure 7. Shows an intensity meclide module, designed to work with Hall effect sensors included in the power converter.

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Figure 8. Shows an intensity measurement module. designed to measure intensity on the same control board using Hall effect sensors.

Figure 9. Shows a voltage measurement module.

Figure 10, Shows a module of relays.

Figure 11. Shows a base module.

Figure 12. Shows a control module that uses a real-time control system (for example, type xPC).

Figure 13. Shows a control module that uses a microprocessor (for example, DSP type).

Figure 14. Shows a temperature measurement module.

Figure 15. Shows an SD type data storage module, which allows storage on memory cards with SD type connection.

Figure 16. Shows a USB type data storage module, which allows storage in memory devices with USB type connection.

detailed description of the invention

The different objects of the invention referred to above are detailed below, without their order of exposure, or their aspects and / or preferred embodiments, necessarily implying that some objects are more important than others.

The object of the invention (first object) is electronic modules suitable for integration into modular electronic systems for monitoring and / or management or control of power converters.

One aspect of said first object of the invention refers to a base module which serves as a link between all connected modules and is responsible for generating the stresses that will be used in each of them, as they can be, and not exclusively , the supply and reference earth voltages, the analog and power voltages, etc. A preferred embodiment of said aspect refers to a base module that is characterized by having several connections (11) for sending signals between modules allowing the connection between the base module and the peripheral modules; It is also characterized by several EMI filters (15) for filtering electromagnetic interference input signals, a low frequency aha noise filter (16) for the input signals, several areas for duplication of

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signals (36), a connection zone for the input signals (37), a 96-pin Eurocard female connector (38) to allow connection to the control module and an area for adaptation of the signals (39) of the module basis so that these can be sent to the other modules.

Another aspect of said first object of the invention relates to an activation / deactivation module is responsible for generating the activation / deactivation signals of the power semiconductors used in the converter (1GBT, MOSFET, other silicon-based cn carbide dc silicons) , etc.) by means of the technique of modulation implemented, which can be for example generic pulse width modulation or PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), SVPWM or in its English nomenclature Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation, or Vector Control. A preferred embodiment of said aspect refers to a semiconductor activation / deactivation module in unit encapsulation, characterized by a connection for receiving signals from the base module or other modules (10), a connection for sending signals to the base module or other modules (11), a test point zone (12) to make measurements on different signals, a 14-pin board-to-hoard male connector (13) to generate the activation / deactivation signals of the power converter semiconductors and receive the error signals thereof through the cable, a 10-pin board-io-board male connector (13a) to expand the number of semiconductor activation / deactivation signals that can be generated, a set of LEDs (14 ) to show when an error occurs, EMI filters (15) to filter input signals of electromagnetic interference, several zones of adaptation of the semiconductor activation / deactivation signals (17) in which the voltage values that come from the microprocessor of the control module are adapted to be compatible with the firing voltages of the semiconductors, several zones of optocouplers (18) that electrically decouple the plate between low and high voltage and several zones of switches (19) that allow selecting and declining signals and switching between different modes of operation. Another preferred embodiment of said aspect refers to an activation / deactivation module for Skyper technology that is characterized by a connection to receive signals from the base module or other modules (10), a connection to send signals to the base module or to other modules (11), several test points zones (12) to make measurements on different signals, a 14-pin board-to-board male connector (13) to generate the activation / deactivation signals of the power converter semiconductors and receive the

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error signals thereof through the cable, a 10-pin board-to-board male connector (13a) to expand the number of semiconductor activation / deactivation signals that can be generated, a set of LEDs (14) to display when an error occurs, EMI filters (15) to filter input signals of electromagnetic interference, several zones of adaptation of the semiconductor activation / deactivation signals (17) in which the voltage values that come from the microprocessor are adapted of the control module so that they are compatible with the firing voltages of the semiconductors, optocouplers (18) that clcctricamentc dcsacoplan the plate between low and high voltage, several zones of switches (19) that allows to select and deselect signals and an area dedicated to the activation crowbar (20) to protect the power converter that is controlled in situations of overvoltage on the DC or Link bus.

Another aspect of said first object of the invention relates to a speed measurement module that is responsible for measuring the rotational speed of a rotor (own element of power converter applications such as wind generation or electric traction). A preferred embodiment of said aspect refers to an encoder type measurement module that is characterized by a connection for receiving signals from the base module or other modules (10), a connection for sending signals to the base module or to other modules (11 ), a test point zone (12) to measure different signals, a high and low frequency noise filter (16) for the input signals, optocouplers (18) that electrically decouple the plate between low and high voltage, a connection zone to receive the encoder signals (21) through which the quadrature signals (A, B), their denied values (A denied, B denied) and encoder index are received, in order to establish the position and the Rotation speed of the electric machine, an area that doubles the encoder signals (21a) so that they can be sent to another electrical panel and a region for adapting the encoder signal (22) that is responsible for adapting the values of tens ion that come from the encoder speed signal so that they can be read by the microprocessor (DSP or other) or the real-time control module (xPC or other). Another preferred embodiment of said aspect refers to a tachometer type speed measurement module that is characterized by a connection for receiving signals from the base module or other modules (10), an area of test points (12) to make measurements on different signals, EMI filters (15) to filter input signals of electromagnetic interference, a connection through which the signal from the tachometer (23) is received, an adjustable voltage divider (24) that adjusts the voltage according to the range of

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output of the tachometer signals and an area for the adaptation of the signal from the tachometer (25) that adapts the voltage values from the tachometer so that they can be read by the microprocessor or the real-time control system of the control module .

Another aspect of said first object of the invention relates to an intensity measurement module that allows the intensity to be measured through the intensity sensors located in the power converter or those that are independent and located in the same module. A preferred embodiment of said aspect refers to an intensity measurement module for working with Hall effect intensity sensors included in the power converters which is characterized by a connection for receiving signals from the base module or other modules (10), a connection for sending signals to the base module or other modules (11), EMI filters (15) to filter input signals from electromagnetic interference, high and low frequency noise filters (16) for input signals, an external connection of current (26) to connect a cable to an external current measurement circuit or module and an area for adapting the current measurements (27) that adapts the values of the current measurement made so that it can be read by the microprocessor or the real-time control system of the control module. Another preferred embodiment of said aspect refers to an intensity measurement module designed to work with Hall effect intensity sensors included extensively in the electrical panel, which is characterized by a connection to receive signals from the base module or other modules (10 ), a connection to send signals to the base module or other modules (11), EMI filters (15) to filter input signals from electromagnetic interference, high and low frequency noise filters (16) for input signals, optocouplers ( 18) that electrically decouple the plate between low and high voltage, zones for the adaptation of the current measurements (27) that adapts the values of the current measurement made so that it can be read by the microprocessor or the time control system real control module, independent Hall effect current sensors (28) and areas dedicated to work with the selection, sensitivity and scale of the measurements as (29).

Another aspect of said first object of the invention relates to a voltage measurement module that has the function of measuring the differential tension between two points. A preferred embodiment of said aspect refers to a voltage measurement module characterized by a connection for receiving signals from the base module or other modules (10),

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a connection for sending signals to the base module or other modules (11), EMI filters (15) to filter input signals from electromagnetic interference, high and low frequency noise filters (16) for input signals, optocouplers (18) that electrically decouple the plate between low and high voltage, areas dedicated to work with the selection, sensitivity and scale of the measurements (29), differential or non-differential voltage inputs (30), an area for measurement adaptation of tension (31) that adapts the values of the voltage measurement carried out so that it can be read by the microprocessor or the real time control system of the control module and several independent voltage regulators

(32) that allow obtaining necessary supply / reference voltages independently.

Another aspect of said first object of the invention relates to a relay module that allows activating a set of relays that exert the protection functions of the power converter under anomalous operating conditions, such as in the case of overheating, and of control of the switchgear necessary for its connection to the electrical network, among others. A preferred embodiment of said aspect refers to a relay module characterized by a connection for receiving signals from the base module or other modules (10), a connection for sending signals to the base module or to other modules (11), relays.

(33), an area for the adaptation of the relay signals (34) that adapts the values of the enable signals to be compatible with the relays and various outputs of the relay signals (35).

Another aspect of said first object of the invention relates to a control module that allows other modules (such as measurement, activation / deactivation, datalogger, among others), to connect to this module in which the control device resides. (microprocessor / real-time control system). A preferred embodiment of said aspect refers to a control module that uses a real-time control system (xPC or other) that sc is characterized by EMI filters (15) to filter input signals of electromagnetic interference, several areas for duplication of signals (36) to be able to make better measurements on them, a Eurocard male connector of 96 pins (38a) that allows the connection of the real-time control module type xPC (or similar) with the base module, several connections to modules of the Real Time Target Machine (40) and various signal adaptation zones (41) that adapt the values of the signals to be compatible with the Real Time Target Machine. Another preferred embodiment of said aspect is

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refers to a control module that uses a microprocessor (DSP or other) that is characterized by a 96-pin Eurocard male connector (38a) that allows the connection of the control module with the base module, an RS232 connector (42) that allows the connection of the control module to an external computer, a DIMM 100 connector (43) that allows the connection and fastening of the microprocessor to the control board and a receptacle for connecting to an external computer through JTAG (44).

Another aspect of said first object of the invention relates to a temperature measurement module that measures the temperature to avoid overheating situations. A preferred embodiment of said aspect refers to a temperature measurement module that is characterized by a connection for receiving signals from the base module or other modules (10), an area for the adaptation of the serial of temperature (45) that adapts the values of the temperature measurement so that it can be read by the microprocessor or the real-time control system of the control module, an overtemperature indicator (46) that indicates if any situation of excessive temperature occurs and a connection for the temperature sensor (47) where the signals of the same arrive to the plate for adaptation.

Another aspect of said first object of the invention relates to a data storage module or datalogger that allows storing, among other things, a register of the control states, measurements of the state variables (current, speed, voltage, temperature and others) to be monitored and processed externally. A preferred embodiment of said aspect refers to an SD type data storage module that is characterized by a connection for receiving signals from the base module or other modules (10), an SD type connector (48) that allows an SD card to be connected to store the information of the control process, a DSPIC 30F4012 (49) that manages complete blocks of memory of the SD card and an ICSP door (50) that allows access to the DSPIC and to configure it. Another preferred embodiment of said aspect refers to a USB type data storage module that is characterized by a connection to receive signals from the base module or other modules (10), an SD type connector (48) that allows an SD card to be connected to store the information of the control process, a USB type connector (51) that allows to connect a USB type memory to store the information of the control process, a microcontroller for the connections (52) that allows to manage the writing both in the USB memory as in the SD card and a connector for the microcontroller control interface (53).

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Each of the constituent modules of the first object of the invention different from the base module comprises the necessary connectors to engage with said base module.

Also object of the invention (second object) are modular electronic systems comprising modules that constitute the first object of the invention, including its various aspects and preferred embodiments.

One aspect of said second object refers to modular electronic systems comprising at least one base module and at the same time a measurement module chosen from any of the measurement modules that constitute the first object of the invention, including its various aspects and embodiments. preferred. Said modular electronic systems may contain one or more base modules and / or one or more measurement modules, said measurement modules equal or different from each other.

Another aspect of said second object refers to modular electronic systems comprising at least one base module and at least one management or control module chosen from any of the management or control modules that constitute the first object of the invention, including its different aspects and preferred embodiments. Said modular electronic systems may contain one or more base modules and / or one or more management or control modules, said management or control modules the same or different from each other.

Another aspect of said second object refers to modular electronic systems comprising at least one base module; at least one measurement module chosen from any of the measurement modules that constitute the first object of the invention, including its various aspects and embodiments; preferred; and at least one management or control module chosen from any of the management or control modules that constitute the first object of the invention, including its various aspects and preferred embodiments. Said modular electronic systems may contain one or more base modules; ; and / or one or more measurement modules, said measurement modules equal or different from each other; and / or one or more management or control modules, said management or control modules equal or different from each other.

In accordance with the foregoing, a preferred embodiment of said second object of the invention refers to modular electronic systems comprising constituent modules of the first object of the invention, including different aspects and preferred embodiments, connected in simple configuration characterized in that the base module (1) connects to the speed measurement module (2) either tachometer type or

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encoder type, to the semiconductor activation / deactivation module (3), a) temperature measurement module (4), to the relay module (5), to the voltage measurement module (6), to the measurement module of intensity (7) whether it uses the sensors included in the module itself or those that are in the power converter that is controlled, the data storage module (8) either SD or USB type and the module control (9) either of the microprocessor type (DSP or other) or real-time control (xPC or other).

Also, another preferred embodiment of said second object of the invention relates to modular electronic systems that comprise constituent modules of the first object of the invention, including the different aspects and preferred embodiments, connected in extended configuration characterized by the base module (1) it is connected to the speed measurement module (2) either tachometer or encoder type, to the semiconductor activation / deactivation module (3), to the temperature measurement module (4), to the relay module (5) , to the voltage measurement module (6), to the intensity measurement module (7) whether it uses the sensors included in the module itself or those that are in the power converter that is controlled, to the storage module of data (8) either SD or USB type and control module (9) either microprocessor type (DSP or other) or real-time control (xPC or other); and taking into account that the speed measurement module (2) is connected to the speed expansion module (2a), the semiconductor activation / deactivation module (3) is connected to semiconductor activation / deactivation expansion modules (3a ), the voltage measurement module (6) is connected to the voltage measurement expansion module (6a) and the intensity measurement module (7) is connected to the intensity measurement expansion module (7a).

Additionally, a preferred embodiment of said object aspect of the invention refers to modular electronic systems that comprise constituent modules of the first object of the invention, including the different aspects and preferred embodiments, connected in simple configuration as well as constituent modules of the first object of the invention. invention, including different aspects and preferred embodiments, connected in extended configuration. An even more preferred embodiment refers to modular electronic systems that also comprise other modules, boards, cards or electronic components that are not subject to the invention, for example commercial.

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Particularly, a preferred embodiment of said second object of the invention relates to a modular electronic system for control applications of one or more power converters comprising:

to. Base module according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as shown in Figure 11, which serves as a link between all connected modules and is responsible for providing the voltages that will be used in each one of them;

b. Module of the activation / deactivation of single-conductor DCs in unit encapsulation according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as shown in Figure 3, which is responsible for generating the activation / deactivation signals of the semiconductors of power used in the converter;

C. Activation / deactivation module of encapsulated semiconductors according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as shown in Figure 4, with an NPC topology phase, which is responsible for generating the activation / deactivation signals of the power semiconductors used in the three-level NPC converter;

d. Velocity measurement module according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as shown in Figure 5, encoder type, for measuring the rotational speed of a rotor;

and. Velocity measurement module according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as shown in Figure 6, tachometer type, for measuring the rotational speed of a rotor;

F. Intensity measurement module according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as shown in Figure 7, to work with Hall effect sensors for the intensity measurement that are included in the converter power;

g. Intensity measurement module according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as the

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shown in Figure 8, designed to work with Hall effect sensors for intensity measurement included external to the power converter;

h. Voltage measurement module according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as shown in Figure 9, which can measure line or phase voltages;

i. Module of relays according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as shown in Figure 10, which is responsible for activating a set of relays, to control the electrical switchgear of the electrical panel of the CONVERTER SYSTEM OBJECT

j. Control module according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as shown in Figure 12, for real-time control systems (of type xPC or other), which uses a Real Time Target Machine .

k. Control module according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as shown in Figure 13, by microprocessor, which uses a microprocessor of the DSP type or the like.

l. Temperature measurement module according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as shown in Figure 14, which measures the temperature to avoid overheating situations.

m. Data storage module according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as shown in Figure 15, which allows storage on memory cards with SD type connection.

n. Data storage module according to the first object of the invention, including preferred embodiments thereof, more particularly as shown in Figure 16, which allows storage on memory cards with USB type connection.

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The different applications of the first and second objects of the present invention are also object of the invention, particularly the applications in which power converters are used, such as, among others:

to. Control application of an electric motor with a multi-phase induction (3, 5 and 6 phases) driven as a motor

b. Control application of an electric motor with a multi-phase induction (3, 5 and 6 phases) driven as a generator

C. DC control application a converter for a DC motor

d. Application of control of a converter of connection to the electrical network

and. Control application of a converter with H bridge topology

F. Control application of a converter with two-level and three-level topology

NPC

Said third object of the invention also refers to applications in training or educational activities (of any kind, educational level, whether public or private) in order to transmit knowledge related to any field of engineering, electronics or other disciplines. .

Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and figures are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The constitution and characteristics of the invention will be better understood with the help of the following description of embodiments, it being understood that the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but that the protection encompasses all those alternative embodiments that may be included within the content and the scope of the claims. Likewise, the present document refers to various documents as a state of the art, being understood by reference the content of all these documents, as well as the complete content of the documents referred to in turn

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said documents, in order to provide a description as complete as possible of the state of the art in which the present invention is framed. The terminology used below is intended to describe the examples of embodiments that follow and should not be construed as limiting or restrictive.

Next, a preferred embodiment of the invention is described, in a non-limiting manner, comprising (the numerical references appearing below refer to parts of the figures mentioned above and detailed in the section corresponding to the figures):

1. Base module: it serves as a link between all connected modules and is responsible for providing the voltages that will be used in each of them, such as, and not exclusively, the supply and ground reference voltages, the analog and power voltages and connecting the output and input signals of the control board with the different modules.

2. Speed measurement module: is responsible for measuring the rotation speed of a rotor (own element of power converter applications such as wind generation or electric traction). This module can measure the speed using different technologies such as tachometer or encoder.

2nd. Speed expansion module: this allows to obtain a second speed measurement of a tachometer and / or secondary encoder, having the ability to expand up to a maximum of two modules.

3. Activation / deactivation module: it is responsible for generating the activation / deactivation signals of the power semiconductors used in the converter (IGBT, MOSFET, other silicon carbide based semiconductors) through the modulation technique implemented, which can be for example:

o Modulation by generic pulse width or PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) or SVPWM or in its English nomenclature Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation or Space vector

These techniques are usually implemented in the different applications of electronic power converters. This module can be used with power converters that use technologies with a single semiconductor per encapsulation or several semiconductors forming an NPC type branch.

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3rd. Expansion module of activation / deactivation: it allows to expand the number of activation / deactivation signals of the power semiconductors, being possible to reach a maximum of twelve.

4. Temperature measurement module: measures the temperature of the power converter to avoid overheating situations.

5. Module of relays: it allows activating a set of relays that exerts the protection functions of the power converter in anomalous operating conditions, such as in the case of overheating, and of the control of the switchgear necessary for its connection to the electrical network, among others.

6. Tension measurement module: it has the function of measuring the differential tension between two points.

6a. Expansion of the voltage measurement plate: allows the number of tension measurements to be extended to a maximum of four measurements.

7. Intensity measurement module: allows the intensity to be measured through the intensity sensors located in the power converter or those that are independent and located in the same module. It allows controlling aspects such as the full scale or the range of measurement that can be taken.

7a. Expansion module of the intensity measurement plate: allows the number of intensity measurements to be extended to a maximum of four intensity measurements.

8. Data storage module or datalogger, allows you to store a record of the control states, measurements of the state variables (current, speed, voltage, temperature, and several others) to be monitored and processed extensively.

9. Control module: allows other modules mentioned above (such as measurement, activation / deactivation, datalogger, among others), to connect to this module in which the control device (microprocessor, microcontroller or control system resides in real time). It also allows the connection between the control device and an external computer that:; and communicates with the modular electronic system through JTAG or RS232 connections.

10. Signal reception between modules: Allows connection between the base module and the peripheral modules or between peripheral modules and their expansion modules and signals are enabled in the receiving modules.

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11. Sending of signals between modules: the connection between the base module and the peripheral modules or between peripheral modules and their expansion modules is suspended and the signals are sent to the receiving modules.

12. Test points: allow measurements on different system signals.

13. 14-pin board-lo-board male connector: signals are emitted

activation / deactivation of the semiconductors of the OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM, and receive the error signals (over voltage, over current or over temperature) of the OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM through the cable.

13a 10-pin board-to-board male connector: emits the signals of

activation / deactivation of the semiconductors of the OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM, and receive the error signals (over voltage, over current or over temperature) of the OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM through the cable.

14. LED’s: Semiconductor trip error indicators.

15. EMI filter: is responsible for filtering the. Signal of the input source and reject unwanted electromagnetic interference.

16. Noise filter: is responsible for filtering high and low frequency noise that may be present in signals from the input sources.

17. Adaptation of the semiconductor activation / deactivation signal: adapts the voltage values that come from the control module (from the microprocessor / real-time control system) so that it is compatible with the semiconductor voltage levels used in the OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM.

18. Optocouplers: electrically decouple the plate between low and high voltage (3.3 V and + - 15 V).

19. Switch: allows you to select and deselect signals by changing the mode of operation of the board.

20. Crowbar activation: triggers crowbar activation, which protects the OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM, in case of overvoltage on the DC or Link bus.

21. Reception of the encoder signal: the quadrature signals (A, B), their denied values (A denied, B denied) and encoder index are received, in order to establish the position and the rotation speed of the electric machine.

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21a.Duplication of the encoder serial, the encoder signals are doubled to send them to another electrical panel.

22. Adaptation of the encoder serial: adapts the voltage values that come from the encoder serial speed so that they can be read by the microprocessor (DSP or other) or the real-time control module (xPC among others).

23. Receipt of the tachometer serial: it receives the tachometer serial indicating the speed of the electric machine.

24. Adjustable voltage divider: adjusts the voltage according to the output range of the tachometer.

25. Adaptation of the tachometer signal: adapts the voltage values that come from the tachometer speed serial so that they can be read by the microprocessor (DSP or other) or the real-time control module (xPC among others).

26. External connection to Hall effect sensor: connector for circuit cable or external current measurement module.

27. Adaptation of the intensity measurement: adapts the values of the current measurement made so that it can be read by the microprocessor (DSP or other) or the real-time control module (xPC among others).

28. Independent Hall sensors: independent Hall effect current sensors.

29. Selection, sensitivity and scale: the current measurement modules with independent Hall sensor allow to select between different sensitivity values and measurement scale, to adapt to the specific conditions in which the OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM is used.

30. Input jacks for differential or non-differential voltage measurements in the OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM, or wherever it is implemented.

31. Adaptation of the voltage measurement: adapts the values of the voltage measurement made so that it can be read by the microprocessor (DSP or other) or the real-time control module (xPC among others).

32. Independent voltage regulators: allows obtaining necessary voltages independently.

33. Reles: electrical component used to activate / deactivate the electrical switchgear of the OBJECTIVE CONVERTER SYSTEM, during different stages of operation, protection among others.

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34. Adaptation of the relay activation signals: adapts the values of the enable signals to be compatible with the relays.

35. Departures of the relay signs.

36. Signal duplication: some signals are duplicated so that more tests can be done.

37. Reception of the base module signals: the input signals to the base module are received.

38. 96-pin female F.card card connector: allows connection of the base module with the control module (microprocessor or real-time control system).

38a. 96-pin Eurocard male connector: allows the connection of the control module (microprocessor or real-time control system), with the base module.

39. Adaptation of the signals of the base module: adapts the signals of the base module to be able to be sent to the peripheral modules.

40. Connection to modules of the Real Time Target Machine: allows connection to different modules of the Real Time Target Machine.

41. Adaptation of the signals of the control module type xPC: adapts the values of the signals so that they are compatible with the Real Time Target Machine.

42. RS232 connector: allows the connection / communication of the control module (DSP or other) to an external computer, using the RS232 protocol.

43. DIMM 100 connector: allows connection and attachment of the microprocessor to the control module.

44. JTAG connector: allows the connection / communication of the control module (DSP or other) to an external computer, using JTAG.

45. Adaptation of the temperature serial: adapts the values of the temperature measurement so that it can be read by the control module (implementing a DSP or other microcontroller, or a real-time control system such as the xPC, DSpace among others ).

46. Overtemperature indicator: indicates if any excessive temperature situation occurs.

47. Temperature sensor signal input: connector where the temperature sensor signals reach the temperature measurement module for adaptation.

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48. Connector for SD card: allows you to connect an SD card to store information.

49. DSPIC 30F4012: manages complete memory blocks of the SD card.

50. ICSP Gate: allows access to the DSPIC and can configure it.

51. USB connector: allows you to install a pen drive to store the information.

52. Microcontroller for the control of the USB connection: allows to manage the writing on both the USB and the SD card.

53. Connector for the microcontroller control interface.

Applications of the invention

The modular electronic control system has been satisfactorily tested in several applications demonstrating its functionality and demonstrating the advantages it presents over other electronic control systems. This invention has been tested in a control application of polyphase induction electric motors (3, 5 and 6 phases) driven as a motor or as a generator. In this application, the generation of constant rotary motion in the motor or generator (torque and speed) has been controlled in normal operating situations (when all phases work correctly) and in fault condition (when one or more phases do not work properly, or as it is also called, the open phase is found). There have also been tests of the modular electronic system in which a converter for a direct current motor and also a converter for connection to the electrical network was controlled. This shows that its operation has been successfully validated in different applications. but also with different types of converter (bridge H, two and three level NPC converters) and with different number of phases (1, 3, 5 and 6).

The chosen test scenarios appear in many types of power converter applications in reality. In addition, these test scenarios have many similarities with other power converter control applications and their validity and the advantages presented by this invention can be extended with minor modifications and with very little margin for error. Examples of this are those related to the generation of electric energy by wind, earth or other energy, in which there is a

turbine that rotates a multi-phase electric generator (another type of power converter).

It is also important to highlight the importance of the object of this invention in an academic environment, be it of the educational level that is, public or private, since invention 5 makes it possible to explain separately the functions of each of the modules, for its best Understanding on the part of the students and given that these concepts are assimilated, gradually connecting some modules with others to see the behavior of the different functionalities together in an electronic control system of power converters. The flexibility of being able to create different subsets of connected modules 10 makes the invention valid for numerous applications, so this type of system has the advantage of being also very economical to be used in an academic environment, since only with the modules of this invention can be carried out many demonstrative examples or practical sessions thus enriching the contents of the training activities.

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Claims (15)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 1. Electronic module for interconnection in modular electronic systems for monitoring and / or management or control of power converters, which is characterized. to allow said modular interconnection, for understanding: to. one or more connections to connect with one or more electronic modules suitable for integration into said modular electronic systems and receive input signals and / or send output signals to said or said modules; b. one or more areas of adaptation of said input and / or output signals, to make them compatible or processable either by other electronic modules suitable for integration into said modular electronic systems or by elements of said other modules, either by elements or components of the module itself, either by modules or elements or components connected to said modular electronic systems; C. one or more filters, to filter the signals of electromagnetic interference and / or noise; Y d. one or more areas for signal duplication. 2. Electronic module according to the previous claim, which is a base module, responsible for serving as a link between all connected modules and generating the voltages that will be used in each of them, characterized by comprising connections (II) for sending of signals between modules allowing the connection between the base module and peripheral modules thereto; one or more filters to filter input signals from electromagnetic interference and / or high and / or low frequency noise; one or more areas for signal duplication (36); one or more connection zones for the input signals (37); a connector for connection with a control module; and one or more areas of adaptation of the signals of the base module (39) so that these can be sent to other modules. 3. Electronic base module according to the previous claim characterized by comprising several connections (11) for sending signals between modules allowing the connection between the base module and peripheral modules thereto; several EMI filters (15) for filtering input signals of electromagnetic interference; a high and low frequency noise filter (16) for the input signals; several zones for signal duplication 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 (36); a connection zone for the entrance senates (37); a 96-pin Eurocard female connector (38) to allow connection to a control module; and a zone of adaptation of the signals of the base module (39) so that these can be sent to other modules. 4. Electronic module according to claim 1 which is a control module, responsible for allowing and managing the connection with other modules and the connection between the control module and an external computer, characterized by using a control system that implements control techniques in real time (xPC or other) and for understanding one or more filters to filter input signals of electromagnetic interference; one or more areas for signal duplication (36) in order to make better measurements on them; a connector that allows the connection of the real-time control module type xPC (or similar) with a base module; one or more connections to modules of the Real Time Target Machine (40); and one or several signal adaptation zones (41) that adapt the signal values to be compatible with the Real Time Target Machine. 5. Electronic control module according to the preceding claim characterized by comprising EMI filters (15) for filtering input signals of electromagnetic interference; several areas for signal duplication (36) to be able to make better measures on them; a 96-pin male Eurocard connector (38a) that allows the connection of the real-time control module type xPC (or similar) with a base module; several connections to modules of the Real Time Target Machine (40); and several zones of adaptation of the signals (41) that adapt the values of the signals so that they are compatible with the Real Time Target Machine. 6. Electronic control module according to any one of claims 4 6 5 characterized in that the connector that includes and allows the connection of the control module with a base module is a suitable connector for connecting the control module with a base module according to any of claims 2 6 3. 7. Electronic module according to claim 1 which is a measurement module. 8. Electronic measurement module according to the previous claim which is a speed measurement module, in charge of measuring the rotational speed of a rotor using the technology of an encoder characterized by comprising one or more connections (10) to receive signals from a base module or other modules; one or more connections (11) to send signals to a base module or other modules; one or more test points zones 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 (12) to make measurements on different signals; one or more high and low frequency noise filters (16) for the wiring signals; one or more optocouplers (18) that electrically decouple the plate between low and high voltage; a connection area (21) to receive the encoder signals through which the quadrature signals (A, B), their denied values (A denied, B denied) and encoder index are received, in order to establish the position and the rotational speed of the electric machine; an area that doubles the encoder signals (21a) so that they can be sent to another electrical panel; and a region for the adaptation of the encoder serial (22) that is responsible for adapting the voltage values that come from the encoder speed serial so that they can be read by a microprocessor (DSP or other) or a control system in real time (xPC or other) of a control module. 9. Electronic module according to claim 1 which is a speed measurement expansion module, in charge of allowing the obtaining of a second speed measurement using the technology of a secondary sensor, characterized by comprising the same elements as an electronic speed module according to claim 8 6 9. 10. Modular electronic system for monitoring and / or management or control of power converters, valid for any type of power converter in any application, in which any known control algorithm can be implemented, characterized by comprising at least one module electronic according to claim 1. 11. Modular electronic system according to the preceding claim comprising at least one base electronic module according to any of claims 2 6 3. 12. Modular electronic system according to the preceding claim characterized in that it comprises at least one electronic measurement module according to claim 7. 13. Modular electronic system according to the preceding claim characterized in that the at least one electronic measurement module is an electronic speed measurement module according to claim 8. 14. Modular electronic system according to the preceding claim characterized in that it comprises one or more electronic speed measurement expansion modules according to claim 9. 15. Modular electronic system according to any of claims 11 to 14 characterized in that it comprises at least one electronic control module according to any of claims 4 to 6.