EP2955975A1 - Surface heating element - Google Patents

Surface heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2955975A1
EP2955975A1 EP14172459.1A EP14172459A EP2955975A1 EP 2955975 A1 EP2955975 A1 EP 2955975A1 EP 14172459 A EP14172459 A EP 14172459A EP 2955975 A1 EP2955975 A1 EP 2955975A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
carbon fibers
carbon fiber
surface heating
carbon
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EP14172459.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tim Rademacker
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Karl Meyer AG
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Karl Meyer AG
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Priority to EP14172459.1A priority Critical patent/EP2955975A1/en
Publication of EP2955975A1 publication Critical patent/EP2955975A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surface heating element with a carbon fiber resistance heating element, wherein the carbon fibers are recycled in a pyrolysis process, the carbon fibers are cut before or after the pyrolysis, and the recycled and cut carbon fibers are processed into a carbon fiber nonwoven fabric.
  • the invention relates to the field of electrical heating systems, wherein heat is generated within a heating element or a heating mat via the electrical resistance.
  • Such heating systems are known in the art, which are arranged as honeycomb arranged carbon fiber nets in non-carbon fiber carrier fabrics.
  • the publication DE 10 2004 025 033 A1 discloses radiant heaters having a radiating body, wherein the heating element consists of graphite foils or graphite laminate plates.
  • the document DE 42 33 118 A1 to take a motor vehicle seat heater, in which a carbon fiber fabric is used as resistance heating and this is supplied via contact wires.
  • heating systems known in the prior art are heating wires which are laid in a meandering or linear manner on a surface and are contacted accordingly. In some cases, they are fabric-like arrangements made of carbon fibers which are configured as heating systems via multilayer contacts.
  • Heating zones arise, which bring about the heated area partly cool spots as well as hotspots with it.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a surface heating, which makes it possible to provide an easy to integrate and also more energy efficient heating system using carbon fibers, which can be produced as inexpensively as possible, has a long life and also easy to use.
  • the surface heating element with a carbon fiber resistance heating element is characterized in that the carbon fibers are recycled in a pyrolysis process, the carbon fibers are cut before or after the pyrolysis, and the recycled and cut carbon fibers are processed into a carbon fiber nonwoven fabric without sizing.
  • this surface heating element is diverse and range from the heating of motor vehicle interiors on camping vehicles and caravans to roof coverings and wall paneling and car seat heaters. Furthermore, the use as a decorative element, especially behind pictures or wall elements is particularly interesting because the problems indicated in the prior art can not occur here, such as hot spots or cooling points that could change a heated element in its structure under certain circumstances.
  • the mean fiber length of the recycled carbon fibers used in the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric is 6/12 mm.
  • the invention resides in forming the carbon fiber nonwoven as the surface heating element, the nonwoven fabric being made of recycled carbon fibers previously subjected to pyrolysis, the recycled carbon fibers being cut to a length in the range of 6 to 12 mm before or after pyrolysis and were processed by a nonwoven laying process to corresponding nonwovens.
  • the carbon fibers in the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric have a length in the range of 6 to 12 mm.
  • the carbon fibers in the carbon fiber web have a density of from 1.4 g / cm 3 to 2.2 g / cm 3, particularly preferably 1.8 g / cm 3.
  • the density is 1.8 g / cm 3
  • the fiber diameter is about 6 microns and the fiber is simple.
  • the carbon fibers in the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric have a fiber diameter in the range of 4 to 8 microns, more preferably 6 microns.
  • the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric has a grammage of 10 to 40 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 30 g / m 2 .
  • the material is thinner than previously known material nonwovens and can thus be more easily integrated.
  • the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.4 mm, in particular 0.31 mm.
  • the use of a carbon fiber fabric made of recycled carbon fibers also has the great advantage that the thickness is significantly reduced.
  • the contacting can be done in the claimed surface heating element by copper contacts, which are applied to the fabric.

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Flächenheizelement mit einem Widerstandsheizelement aus Kohlenstofffasern, wobei die Kohlenstofffasern in einem Pyrolyseverfahren recycelt sind, die Kohlenstofffasern vor oder nach der Pyrolyse geschnitten sind, und die recycelten und geschnittenen Kohlenstofffasern zu einem Kohlenstofffaservlies ohne Schlichte verarbeitet sind.The invention relates to a surface heating element with a carbon fiber resistance heating element, wherein the carbon fibers are recycled in a pyrolysis process, the carbon fibers are cut before or after the pyrolysis, and the recycled and cut carbon fibers are processed into a carbon fiber nonwoven fabric.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Flächenheizelement mit einem Widerstandsheizelement aus Kohlenstofffasern, wobei die Kohlenstofffasern in einem Pyrolyseverfahren recycelt sind, die Kohlenstofffasern vor oder nach der Pyrolyse geschnitten sind, und die recycelten und geschnittenen Kohlenstofffasern zu einem Kohlenstofffaservlies ohne Schlichte verarbeitet sind.The invention relates to a surface heating element with a carbon fiber resistance heating element, wherein the carbon fibers are recycled in a pyrolysis process, the carbon fibers are cut before or after the pyrolysis, and the recycled and cut carbon fibers are processed into a carbon fiber nonwoven fabric.

Die Erfindung betrifft das Gebiet von elektrischen Heizsystemen, wobei über den elektrischen Widerstand Wärme innerhalb eines Heizelementes oder einer Heizmatte erzeugt wird.The invention relates to the field of electrical heating systems, wherein heat is generated within a heating element or a heating mat via the electrical resistance.

Derartige Heizsysteme sind im Stand der Technik bekannt, wobei diese als wabenartig angeordnete Kohlenstofffasernetze in nicht-kohlenstofffaser Trägergeweben angeordnet sind.Such heating systems are known in the art, which are arranged as honeycomb arranged carbon fiber nets in non-carbon fiber carrier fabrics.

In der industriellen Produktion hat sich die zuvor genannte gewebeartige Konstruktion aus Kohlenstofffasernetzen durchgesetzt, weitere oder ähnliche Systeme sind jedoch im Stand der Technik bekannt:

  • Aus der Druckschrift DE 10 2007 048 024 A1 ist eine Patientenheizauflage bekannt, deren heizendes Element ein Carbonvlies ist.
In industrial production, the above-mentioned fabric-like construction of carbon fiber nets has prevailed, but further or similar systems are known in the art:
  • From the publication DE 10 2007 048 024 A1 a patient heating pad is known whose heating element is a carbon fiber fleece.

Die Druckschrift DE 10 2004 025 033 A1 offenbart Strahlungsheizungen mit einem Strahlungskörper, wobei das Heizelement aus Graphitfolien oder Graphitlaminatplatten besteht.The publication DE 10 2004 025 033 A1 discloses radiant heaters having a radiating body, wherein the heating element consists of graphite foils or graphite laminate plates.

Weiter ist aus der Druckschrift DE 10 2008 047 291 A1 eine elektrische Heizvorrichtung zum Beheizen eines Fahrzeuginnenraums bekannt, bei der ein elektrisch leitfähiges Garn verwendet wird und die Heizvorrichtung in einer textilen Schicht des Innenraums integriert ist.Next is from the document DE 10 2008 047 291 A1 an electric heater for heating a vehicle interior known in which a electrically conductive yarn is used and the heating device is integrated in a textile layer of the interior.

Ferner ist aus der Druckschrift DE 201 11 067 U1 ein Autositzheizelement bekannt, bei dem als Heizelement in ein Kunststofffadengewirk eingebundene Kohlenstofffasern verwendet werden, die mittels Metallleitern kontaktiert sind.Furthermore, from the document DE 201 11 067 U1 a car seat heating element is known in which are used as a heating element in a Kunststofffädengewirk integrated carbon fibers, which are contacted by means of metal conductors.

Weiter ist der Druckschrift DE 196 47 935 A1 eine elektrische Innenwandheizung für Wohnwagen zu entnehmen, wobei eine elektrische Widerstandsheizung über das vorhandene 12 Volt Boardnetz betrieben wird und die Widerstandsheizung Kohlenstofffasern umfasst.Next is the document DE 196 47 935 A1 an electrical interior wall heater for caravans to take, with an electrical resistance heater is operated via the existing 12 volt board network and the resistance heating comprises carbon fibers.

Aus der Druckschrift DE 42 21 455 A1 ist ein Heizelement bekannt, wobei Kohlenstofffasern als Widerstandsheizung verwendet werden.From the publication DE 42 21 455 A1 a heating element is known, wherein carbon fibers are used as resistance heating.

Ferner ist der Druckschrift DE 42 33 118 A1 eine Kraftfahrzeugsitzheizung zu entnehmen, bei der ein Kohlenstofffasergewebe als Widerstandsheizung eingesetzt wird und dieses über Kontaktdrähte versorgt wird.Furthermore, the document DE 42 33 118 A1 to take a motor vehicle seat heater, in which a carbon fiber fabric is used as resistance heating and this is supplied via contact wires.

Teilweise handelt es sich bei denen im Stand der Technik bekannten Heizsysteme um Heizdrähte, die meanderförmig oder linear auf einer Fläche verlegt und entsprechend kontaktiert werden, teilweise sind es gewebeartige Anordnungen aus Kohlenstofffasern, die über vielschichtige Kontaktierungen entsprechend als Heizsysteme ausgestaltet werden.Some of the heating systems known in the prior art are heating wires which are laid in a meandering or linear manner on a surface and are contacted accordingly. In some cases, they are fabric-like arrangements made of carbon fibers which are configured as heating systems via multilayer contacts.

Nachteilig an den bisher bekannten Lösungen ist deren Dickenaufbau, der bei gewebeartigen Ausführungen oftmals nicht in ein Produkt integrierbar ist, da dessen Stärke bedingt durch die Notwendigkeit an vorzusehenden Kohlenstofffasergewebe deutlich erhöht wird.A disadvantage of the previously known solutions whose thickness structure, which is often not integrable in fabric-like versions in a product, since its strength is significantly increased due to the need to be provided for carbon fiber fabric.

Ferner ist weiter problematisch an den bisherigen Ausführungen im Stand der Technik, dass bei Bruch von einzelnen Fasern oftmals unterschiedlicheFurthermore, it is further problematic in the previous embodiments in the prior art that often different when fractured by individual fibers

Heizzonen entstehen, die über die beheizte Fläche teilweise kühle Stellen als auch Hotspots mit sich bringen.Heating zones arise, which bring about the heated area partly cool spots as well as hotspots with it.

Ebenso leidet die Lebensdauer bei den bisher bekannten Kohlenstofffasern und -geweben erheblich unter Fehlstellen, die auf Grund von langjähriger Strapazierung entstehen.Likewise, the life of the carbon fibers and fabrics known hitherto suffers greatly from defects that arise as a result of many years of stress.

Weiter ist der notwendige Energieeinsatz bei den derzeit bekannten Heizsystemen mit Kohlenstofffasern äußerst ineffizient und muss im Zuge von Energieeinsparungsmaßnahmen deutlich erhöht werden.Furthermore, the necessary energy input in the currently known carbon fiber heating systems is extremely inefficient and must be significantly increased in the course of energy saving measures.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Flächenheizelement aufzuzeigen, das es ermöglicht, ein leicht zu integrierendes und zudem energieeffizienteres Heizsystem unter Nutzung von Kohlenstofffasern anzugeben, das möglichst kostengünstig hergestellt werden kann, eine lange Lebensdauer aufweist und zudem einfach in der Handhabung ist.The present invention has for its object to provide a surface heating, which makes it possible to provide an easy to integrate and also more energy efficient heating system using carbon fibers, which can be produced as inexpensively as possible, has a long life and also easy to use.

Gelöst werden diese Aufgaben mit einem Flächenheizelement nach Anspruch 1.These objects are achieved with a surface heating element according to claim 1.

Bevorzugte und besondere Ausführungsformen sind den weiter folgenden Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Preferred and particular embodiments are given in the following subclaims.

Das Flächenheizelement mit einem Widerstandsheizelement aus Kohlenstofffasern ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kohlenstofffasern in einem Pyrolyseverfahren recycelt sind, die Kohlenstofffasern vor oder nach der Pyrolyse geschnitten sind, und die recycelten und geschnittenen Kohlenstofffasern zu einem Kohlenstofffaservlies ohne Schlichte verarbeitet sind.The surface heating element with a carbon fiber resistance heating element is characterized in that the carbon fibers are recycled in a pyrolysis process, the carbon fibers are cut before or after the pyrolysis, and the recycled and cut carbon fibers are processed into a carbon fiber nonwoven fabric without sizing.

Durch die Verwendung eines Kohlenstofffaservlieses aus recycelten Kohlenstofffasern, die zuvor einer Pyrolyse zugeführt worden sind, wird die Leistung des Flächenheizelementes um bis zu 50 % gesteigert, was zu einer erheblichen Energieeinsparung führt, dies scheint durch die erhöhte Leitfähigkeit der pyrolisierten Kohlenstofffasern erklärbar zu sein.The use of a carbon fiber nonwoven fabric made of recycled carbon fibers previously subjected to pyrolysis increases the performance of the surface heating element by up to 50%, resulting in significant energy savings, which seems to be explained by the increased conductivity of the pyrolyzed carbon fibers.

Die Anwendungsgebiete dieses Flächenheizelementes sind vielfältig und reichen von der Beheizung von Kraftfahrzeuginnenräumen über Campingfahrzeuge und Wohnwagen bis hin zu Dacheindeckungen sowie Wandverkleidung als auch Autositzheizungen. Ferner ist die Verwendung als dekoratives Element, insbesondere hinter Bildern oder Wandelementen besonders interessant, da die im Stand der Technik aufgezeigten Probleme hier nicht auftreten können, wie beispielsweise Hotspots oder Kühlstellen, die ein beheiztes Element unter Umständen in dessen Struktur verändern könnten.The areas of application of this surface heating element are diverse and range from the heating of motor vehicle interiors on camping vehicles and caravans to roof coverings and wall paneling and car seat heaters. Furthermore, the use as a decorative element, especially behind pictures or wall elements is particularly interesting because the problems indicated in the prior art can not occur here, such as hot spots or cooling points that could change a heated element in its structure under certain circumstances.

Ein weiterer Anwendungsfall für die hier beanspruchte Merkmalskombination ist die Ausgestaltung als Tapete, wobei das aus den in einer Pyrolyse recycelten Kohlenstofffasern hergestellte Kohlenstofffaservlies direkt als Tapete oder zumindest als Untertapete verwendbar ist. Bei direkter Ausgestaltung als Tapete sind die entsprechenden Sicherheitsregeln der Elektrik zu beachten.Another application for the feature combination claimed here is the design as a wallpaper, wherein the carbon fiber fabric produced from the carbon fibers recycled in a pyrolysis can be used directly as a wallpaper or at least as a sub-wallpaper. In the case of direct design as a wallpaper, the corresponding safety rules of the electrical system must be observed.

Die Energieeinsparung von bis zu 50 % gegenüber bisher bekannten Flächenheizelementen soll an dieser Stelle nochmals deutlich in den Vordergrund gestellt werden, da heutzutage und auch zukünftig der Energieverbrauch deutlich in den Fokus gerückt ist.The energy savings of up to 50% compared to previously known surface heating elements should be emphasized at this point once again, as nowadays and in the future, the energy consumption has clearly moved into the foreground.

Die mittlere Faserlänge der in dem Kohlenstofffaservlies verwendeten recycelten Kohlenstofffasern beträgt 6 / 12 mm.The mean fiber length of the recycled carbon fibers used in the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric is 6/12 mm.

Die Erfindung liegt insbesondere weiter darin, als Flächenheizelement das Kohlenstofffaservlies auszubilden, wobei das Vlies aus recycelten Kohlenstofffasern besteht, die zuvor einer Pyrolyse zugeführt worden sind, wobei die recycelten Kohlenstofffasern vor oder nach der Pyrolyse auf eine Länge im Bereich von 6 bis 12 mm geschnitten wurden und mit einem Vlieslegeverfahren zu entsprechenden Vliesen verarbeitet wurden.More particularly, the invention resides in forming the carbon fiber nonwoven as the surface heating element, the nonwoven fabric being made of recycled carbon fibers previously subjected to pyrolysis, the recycled carbon fibers being cut to a length in the range of 6 to 12 mm before or after pyrolysis and were processed by a nonwoven laying process to corresponding nonwovens.

Die Kohlenstofffasern in dem Kohlenstofffaservlies weisen eine Länge im Bereich von 6 bis 12 mm auf.The carbon fibers in the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric have a length in the range of 6 to 12 mm.

Die Kohlenstofffasern in dem Kohlenstofffaservlies weisen eine Dichte von im Bereich von 1,4 g/cm3 bis 2,2 g/cm3, besonders bevorzugt 1,8g/cm3 auf.The carbon fibers in the carbon fiber web have a density of from 1.4 g / cm 3 to 2.2 g / cm 3, particularly preferably 1.8 g / cm 3.

Diese Kohlenstofffaservliese können in sämtliche Bauteile integriert werden. Die Dichte beträgt 1,8 g/cm3, der Faserdurchmesser beträgt ca. 6 µm und die Faser ist schlichtefrei.These carbon fiber nonwovens can be integrated into all components. The density is 1.8 g / cm 3 , the fiber diameter is about 6 microns and the fiber is simple.

Die Kohlenstofffasern in dem Kohlenstofffaservlies weisen einen Faserdurchmesser im Bereich von 4 bis 8 µm, besonders bevorzugt 6 µm auf.The carbon fibers in the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric have a fiber diameter in the range of 4 to 8 microns, more preferably 6 microns.

Das Kohlenstofffaservlies weist eine Grammatur von 10 bis 40 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt 30 g/m2 auf.The carbon fiber nonwoven fabric has a grammage of 10 to 40 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 30 g / m 2 .

Dadurch, dass das Vlies schlichtefrei ist, verfügt dieses über eine deutlich bessere Leitfähigkeit im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Vliesen im Stand der Technik. Hierdurch wird die Energieeffizienz deutlich erhöht. Es liegt eine Effizienzsteigerung von etwa 50 % zum Stand der Technik vor, die durch die Schlichtefreiheit und die Oberflächenstruktur bedingt durch den Pyrolyseprozess realisiert wird.The fact that the fleece is simple, this has a much better conductivity in contrast to the known nonwovens in the prior art. This significantly increases energy efficiency. There is an increase in efficiency of about 50% of the prior art, which is realized by the sizing freedom and the surface structure due to the pyrolysis process.

Zudem ist das Material dünner als bisher bekannte Materialvliese und kann somit leichter integriert werden. Das Kohlenstofffaservlies weist eine Dicke von 0,1 bis 0,4 mm, insbesondere 0,31 mm auf. Die Verwendung eines aus recycelten Kohlenstofffasern hergestellten Kohlenstofffaservlieses bringt zudem den hohen Vorteil, dass die Dicke erheblich reduziert wird.In addition, the material is thinner than previously known material nonwovens and can thus be more easily integrated. The carbon fiber nonwoven fabric has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.4 mm, in particular 0.31 mm. The use of a carbon fiber fabric made of recycled carbon fibers also has the great advantage that the thickness is significantly reduced.

Die Kontaktierung kann bei dem beanspruchten Flächenheizelement durch Kupferkontakte erfolgen, die auf das Gewebe aufgebracht sind.The contacting can be done in the claimed surface heating element by copper contacts, which are applied to the fabric.

Claims (6)

Flächenheizelement mit einem Widerstandsheizelement aus Kohlenstofffasern,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Kohlenstofffasern in einem Pyrolyseverfahren recycelt sind, die Kohlenstofffasern vor oder nach der Pyrolyse geschnitten sind, und
die recycelten und geschnittenen Kohlenstofffasern zu einem Kohlenstofffaservlies ohne Schlichte verarbeitet sind.Surface heating element with a resistance heating element made of carbon fibers,
characterized in that
the carbon fibers are recycled in a pyrolysis process, the carbon fibers are cut before or after the pyrolysis, and
the recycled and cut carbon fibers are made into a carbon fiber non-sizing fleece. Flächenheizelement nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Kohlenstofffasern in dem Kohlenstofffaservlies eine Länge im Bereich von 6 bis 12 mm aufweisen.Surface heating element according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the carbon fibers in the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric have a length in the range of 6 to 12 mm. Flächenheizelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Kohlenstofffasern in dem Kohlenstofffaservlies eine Dichte von im Bereich von 1,4 g/cm3 bis 2,2 g/cm3, besonders bevorzugt 1,8g/cm3 aufweisen.Surface heating element according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
having the carbon fibers in the carbon fiber web has a density of in the range of 1.4 g / cm 3 to 2.2 g / cm 3, particularly preferably 1.8 g / cm 3. Flächenheizelement nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Kohlenstofffasern in dem Kohlenstofffaservlies einen Faserdurchmesser im Bereich von 4 bis 8 µm, besonders bevorzugt 6 µm aufweisen.Surface heating element according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
characterized in that
the carbon fibers in the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric have a fiber diameter in the range of 4 to 8 microns, more preferably 6 microns. Flächenheizelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Kohlenstofffaservlies eine Grammatur von 10 bis 40 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt 30 g/m2 aufweist.Surface heating element according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric has a grammage of 10 to 40 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 30 g / m 2 . Flächenheizelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Kohlenstofffaservlies eine Dicke von 0,1 bis 0,4 mm, insbesondere 0,31 mm aufweist.Surface heating element according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.4 mm, in particular 0.31 mm.
EP14172459.1A 2014-06-14 2014-06-14 Surface heating element Withdrawn EP2955975A1 (en)

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EP3279055A1 (en) * 2016-08-04 2018-02-07 Euro-Composites S.A. Sandwich panel with heating function for vehicles
WO2018051152A1 (en) * 2016-09-14 2018-03-22 Frank Klausmeier System and device for de-icing trailer-tops and aircraft-wings
NL2020627B1 (en) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-03 Rede Invest B V Decorative element with a heating function
WO2019063837A1 (en) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Rede Investments B.V. Decorative element with a heating function
US10925119B2 (en) 2015-01-12 2021-02-16 Laminaheat Holding Ltd. Fabric heating element
USD911038S1 (en) 2019-10-11 2021-02-23 Laminaheat Holding Ltd. Heating element sheet having perforations

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