EP2898521B1 - Switching apparatus for controlling the energy supply to a downstream connected electrical motor - Google Patents

Switching apparatus for controlling the energy supply to a downstream connected electrical motor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2898521B1
EP2898521B1 EP12798202.3A EP12798202A EP2898521B1 EP 2898521 B1 EP2898521 B1 EP 2898521B1 EP 12798202 A EP12798202 A EP 12798202A EP 2898521 B1 EP2898521 B1 EP 2898521B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power supply
switch
control unit
switching device
energy
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EP12798202.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2898521A1 (en
EP2898521B2 (en
Inventor
Hubert KUHLA
Andreas Fritsch
Stefan Gruber
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/085—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors against excessive load

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching device for controlling the power supply of a downstream electric motor and a method of the switching device.
  • the switching device according to the invention is in particular a motor starter and is used in particular within industrial automation technology.
  • a switching device downstream electric motor can be controlled.
  • a power supply of the switching device downstream electric motor is guided via the switching device, so that the electric motor is connected to a supply network.
  • the supply network is in particular a low-voltage network of an industrial plant (eg three phases, 400 volts, 50 hertz).
  • Motor starters with protective functions are eg in WO2005099080 and US2002093774 described.
  • the switching device comprises a control unit and a first current path.
  • the first current path comprises a first electromechanical switch and a parallel circuit, connected in series with the first switch, of a second electromechanical switch with a semiconductor switch.
  • the control unit may output a switching signal for the first switch, the second switch and the semiconductor switch and thereby control the desired switching state of the switches.
  • the first and second switch is in particular a closer, which is held in the presence of a switching signal of the control unit in the closed switching state. If the switching signal is switched off by the first or second switch, the switch automatically assumes the open state on the basis of a restoring force (eg a spring force which acts on a contact of the respective switch). Such switches are in particular relays.
  • the semiconductor switch decreases when present the switching signal of the control unit preferably the electrically conductive state.
  • the switching device comprises a supply connection, via which the control unit can obtain the energy for the switching signals.
  • a decentralized supply source is connected by means of a line to the supply terminal of the switching device, so that in active operation of the switching device, a supply voltage is applied via the supply connection.
  • the switching device receives the energy required for the switching signals via the supply connection.
  • the entire device-internal power supply of the switching device based on the supply terminal of the switching device.
  • the switching device is preferably used to switch on and off three-phase motors and single-phase AC motors.
  • the switching device downstream motors are preferably protected by the switching device also against overload (short-circuit protection and / or thermal overload).
  • the power supply for the electric motor In active operation of the switching device downstream electric motor via the first current path, the power supply for the electric motor.
  • the first and second switches assume the closed switching state. If the switching signal at the first and / or second switch is turned off; i.e. At the switch is no switching signal, so the corresponding switch automatically takes the open switching state.
  • a switching signal in particular, a voltage is present across the control circuit of the switch, in particular approximately 12 volts. In particular, no voltage is present across the control circuit of the switch for any switching signal.
  • the control unit can monitor the power supply for the switching signal of the control unit via the supply connection by means of the measuring device.
  • the fact that the energy flow, in particular the voltage, in the region of the electrical connection between the supply connection and the power supply, preferably in the region of the electrical connection between the supply connection and the energy storage, is monitored by means of the measuring device, which can be fed directly to the switching device via the supply connection Voltage of the supply source to be monitored. In this way, the control unit can react directly to a voltage drop at the supply connection.
  • the critical area is preferably separated by means of a reference value from the proper range in which there is a proper power supply of the switching device via the supply terminal.
  • the reference value is thus a threshold or threshold range.
  • the reference value is in particular dimensioned such that, if the reference value is exceeded, a sufficient power supply of the switching device via the supply connection, so that a proper switching signal output is ensured by the control unit, and if the reference value falls below a power supply via the supply connection takes place, which is a proper switching signal output by the control unit endangered, in particular not possible.
  • the critical area particularly characterizes a voltage range at the supply connection, which is below about 70%, preferably about 50%, of the maximum allowable voltage to be connected to the supply connection.
  • the measuring device is in particular a device for measuring the supply voltage applied to the supply connection, so that the control unit can monitor the supply voltage applied via the supply connection by means of the measuring device.
  • the measurement by means of the measuring device takes place in particular in the region between the connection points of the supply connection and the power supply, preferably the energy store.
  • the control unit itself may comprise the energy store.
  • About the supply connection is preferably carried out only the device-internal power supply of the switching device.
  • Approximately 24 volts are preferably present at the supply connection during proper operation of the switching device.
  • the power supply is a device-internal power supply unit of the switching device, which converts in particular the voltage applied to the supply terminal voltage in another voltage.
  • the semiconductor switch is preferably a triac or two antiparallel connected thyristors.
  • the control is effected by means of the control unit such that in the first step, the semiconductor switch is switched electrically conductive and the second switch is opened after closing the semiconductor switch , In the first step, the first switch remains closed. In the second step, first the semiconductor switch is switched electrically non-conducting and then the first switch is opened.
  • the required energy for outputting the necessary switching signals for the first and second step is obtained by the control unit from the energy store.
  • the energy store which is formed in particular by at least one capacitor, is interposed between the supply terminal and the power supply, so that it buffers the power supply of the switching device taking place via the supply connection device-internally.
  • the energy store is charged in particular via the voltage applied to the supply terminal. If the voltage applied to the supply terminal drops to the critical range, the output of the required switching signals for the first and second steps by the control unit is ensured by the energy buffered in the energy store. Due to the fact that the energy store is charged directly by means of the voltage applied to the supply connection, a corresponding dimensioning of the energy store can result in a controlled shutdown of the downstream electric motor (performing the first and second steps) preferably carried out at a constant voltage level.
  • the voltage drop on the secondary side of the power supply preferably occurs after performing the first and second steps.
  • the controlled shutdown of the downstream electric motor by means of the first and second steps takes place in particular immediately after it has been determined that the voltage detected by the measuring device is in the critical range.
  • An advantage achieved by the invention is that with little additional hardware effort in the switching device, an improved switching behavior can be achieved.
  • an increased number of switching cycles for the switching device can be achieved. The usually occurring by switching off the supply voltage to the switches wear can be prevented by the controlled shutdown.
  • the required energy for the switching signal is provided by the energy storage. Because the energy store is arranged on the primary side of the power supply (side of the power supply facing the supply connection), an improved device-internal energy buffering can take place.
  • the energy store can be charged via the supply connection.
  • the energy store preferably comprises at least one capacitor, which is electrically conductively connected to the supply terminal. It is also conceivable that several capacitors are used as energy storage.
  • the energy store is designed such that it outputs the required switching signals by means of the control unit for the first and second steps.
  • the output of the first and second switching signals via the control unit is thus possible only by means of the energy buffered in the energy store.
  • the switching device comprises a further measuring device, which is connected to the control unit, wherein the control unit can monitor by means of the further measuring device taking place via the supply connection power supply in the region between the power supply and the control unit.
  • the control unit can monitor by means of the further measuring device taking place via the supply connection power supply in the region between the power supply and the control unit.
  • the control of the second flow path by means of the control unit is preferably carried out analogously to the first flow path.
  • the second current path is preferably formed analogously to the first current path.
  • the switching device may further comprise a third current path.
  • the third flow path may be formed here analogous to the first or second flow path.
  • the control of the switch of the third current path can also be done in an analogous manner to the first current path.
  • control unit is designed such that in the second step it switches the semiconductor switch in the current zero crossing, the energy supply taking place via it, into the electrically non-conducting state.
  • the power supply to the electric motor is interrupted, so that subsequently the first switch of the respective current path can be opened without current. Switching off the power supply to the downstream electric motor can thus be done without arcing at the respective electromechanical switches. The otherwise occurring wear of the switch is avoided.
  • a system for safe operation of an electric motor the described switching device, a supply source and a switching device, wherein the switching device is interposed in the supply line of the supply source to the supply terminal of the switching device such that by an actuation of the switching device is cut off by the supply source energy supply to the switching device.
  • the switching device is for example an emergency stop switching device.
  • the figure shows a schematic representation of a system for safe operation of an electric motor 5.
  • the system comprises a power supply 9, the electric motor 5, a switching device 1, a power source 50 and an emergency stop device 40.
  • the switching device 1 is connected with its three input-side connection points 3 to the supply network 9 and with its three output-side connection points 4 with the electric motor 5.
  • the electric motor 5 is an asynchronous motor.
  • the supply network 9 is a three-phase AC network of an industrial low-voltage switchgear.
  • the switching device 1 is a motor starter 1, by means of which the power supply of the downstream electric motor 5 can be controlled.
  • a first phase 10 of the supply network 9 is connected by means of a line to the input-side connection point 3 and is guided internally to the output-side connection point 4 via a first current path 15 of the motor starter 1 and then guided by means of a further line to the electric motor 5.
  • the first current path 15 of the motor starter 1 connects internally the input side connection point 3 of the motor starter 1 to the output side connection point 4 of the motor starter 1.
  • the first current path 15 comprises a first electromechanical switch 11, a semiconductor switch 12, here a triac, and a second electromechanical switch 13
  • the first switch 11 is connected in series with the parallel circuit of the semiconductor switch 12 with the second switch 13. Consequently, the first phase 10 of the supply network 9 is led to the electric motor 5 via the first current path 15.
  • a second phase 20 of the supply network 9 is connected by means of a line to the input-side connection point 3 and is guided internally to the output-side connection point 4 via a second current path 25 of the motor starter 1 and then guided by means of a further line to the electric motor 5.
  • the second current path 25 of the motor starter 1 device-internally connects the input-side connection point 3 of the motor starter 1 with the output side Connection point 4 of the motor starter 1.
  • the second current path 25 comprises a first electromechanical switch 21, a semiconductor switch 22, here a triac, and a second electromechanical switch 23.
  • the first switch 21 is connected in series with the parallel connection of the semiconductor switch 22 with the second switch 23 connected. Consequently, the second phase 20 of the supply network 9 is led to the electric motor 5 via the second current path 25.
  • a third phase 30 of the supply network 9 is connected by means of a line to the input-side connection point 3 and is guided internally to the output-side connection point 4 via a third current path 35 of the motor starter 1 and then guided by means of a further line to the electric motor 5.
  • the third current path 35 of the motor starter 1 connects device-internally the input-side connection point 3 of the motor starter 1 with the output side connection point 4 of the motor starter 1.
  • the illustrated motor starter 1 is a 2-phase controlled motor starter 1, so that the third current path a continuous device internal electrical contact between the the input side and output side connection point 3,4 forms.
  • the third current path 35 also includes at least one switch or is formed analogously to the first and / or second current path 15,25 of the motor starter 1.
  • the motor starter 1 comprises a control unit 2 by means of which the switching position of the electromechanical switches 11,13,21,23 and the semiconductor switches 12,22 is controlled.
  • the control unit 2 output switching signals to the switches 11,12,13,21,22,23.
  • a voltage at the switch 11,12,13,21,22,23 is applied.
  • the electromechanical switches 11,13,21,23 are acted upon by a spring force, so that they must be controlled to hold the closed position with the switching signal, since they otherwise occupy the open switching state independently. That is, as soon as the switching signal at the electromechanical switch 11,13,21,23 is removed, this takes automatically the opened switching position.
  • the respective semiconductor switch 12,22 can be switched to an electrically conductive state and an electrically non-conductive state (locked state). In the electrically non-conductive state of the semiconductor switch 12,22, the power transmission via the semiconductor switch 12,22 is blocked.
  • the first electromechanical switches 13, 23 are make contacts of a first relay.
  • the second electromechanical switches 11, 21 are make contacts of a second relay.
  • the individual switches or only the first or second switches 11,13,21,23 are controlled by means of a separate relay.
  • the motor starter 1 receives via its supply terminal 7, the device's internal power supply.
  • the supply terminal 7 is connected by means of two conductors to a supply source 50, which is e.g. about 24 volts provides connected.
  • a supply source 50 which is e.g. about 24 volts provides connected.
  • the control unit 2 outputs the required switching signals to the respective switches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23.
  • the supply connection 7 is electrically conductively connected to a power supply unit 19 of the switching device 1.
  • the power supply unit 19 adjusts the voltage of the voltage source 50, which is obtained via the supply connection 7, in such a way that the control unit 2 can obtain the suitable electrical voltage for the switching signals via the power supply unit 19.
  • the motor starter 1 further comprises an energy store 6, which is integrated in the electrically conductive connection of the supply terminal 7 to the power unit 19.
  • the energy store 6 is a capacitor which is charged via the supply terminal 7.
  • the energy storage 6 can buffer the power supply of the power supply 19. If the power supply of the switching device via the supply source 50 is omitted, the power supply of the power supply 19 is buffered by the energy storage device 6 according to the capacity of the energy storage device 6; ie maintained for a short time.
  • the capacity of the energy store 6 is designed such that a power supply of the power supply 19 is ensured only by means of the energy of the energy store 6 so long that the control unit 2 can perform a controlled shutdown of the downstream consumer 5 (performing the first and second steps).
  • a measuring device 8 of the motor starter 1 is arranged between the supply terminal 7 and the energy storage 6, a measuring device 8 of the motor starter 1 is arranged.
  • the control unit 2 can monitor the power supply of the power supply 19 via the supply connection 7 by means of the measuring device 8.
  • the voltage determined by means of the measuring device 8 is compared with a reference value stored in the switching device 1. If the determined voltage is above the reference value, the supply connection 7 for the switching device 1 provides a sufficient energy supply which ensures a proper switching signal output by the control unit 2. However, if the reference voltage falls below the reference voltage, a power supply which endangers a proper switching signal output by the control unit 2 takes place via the supply connection 7. The energy supply occurring via the supply connection 7 is thus in the critical range.
  • the threshold value formed by the reference value with respect to the monitored supply voltage is 50% of the maximum permissible voltage to be connected to the supply terminal 7. If the monitoring of the supply voltage by means of the measuring device 8 reveals that a voltage of less than 50% of the maximum permissible voltage to be connected to the supply connection 7 is present at the supply connection 7, then the energy supply is in the critical region. If such a condition is detected, then the control unit 2 immediately turns on controlled shutdown performed by means of the buffered energy storage 6 energy.
  • the emergency stop switching device 40 is arranged such that it can interrupt the energy supply of the motor starter 1 that takes place via the two conductors.
  • the emergency-off switching device 40 in each case has two switching elements which can each interrupt a line.
  • the motor starter 1 can produce a power supply for the downstream electric motor 5. Consequently, the supply voltage determined by means of the measuring device 8 is not in the critical range.
  • the first switches 11, 21 are closed within the motor starter 1, the semiconductor switches 12, 22 are not electrically switched and the second switches 13, 23 are closed.
  • One possible switch-off principle of the electric motor 5 connected downstream of the motor starter 1 is to switch off the supply voltage of the motor starter 1 by means of the emergency stop switching device 40 interposed in the supply line between the supply source 50 and the supply terminal 7.
  • the emergency stop switching device 40 is actuated so that it opens at least one of its switching elements.
  • the control unit 2 monitors the energy supply taking place via the supply connection 7 by means of the measuring device 8, such a state change with respect to the energy supply taking place via the supply connection 7 is recognized. The control unit 2 then automatically performs a controlled shutdown of the downstream electric motor 5. The energy to the issue the necessary switching signals is ensured here by the energy store 6. By means of the energy buffered in the energy store 6, consequently, the power supply unit 19 and, via this, the control unit 2 are also supplied with energy.
  • the semiconductor switches 12,22 are switched by the control unit 2 in a first step in the electrically conductive state.
  • the first switches 11, 21 are furthermore activated by means of a switching signal of the control unit 2, so that they stay in the closed position. Functionally fall by switching off the switching signals on the first relay, the second switch 13,23 automatically in the open state.
  • the power supply of the electric motor 5 thus continues to take place via the motor starter 1.
  • the necessary energy for the switching signals to be output (semiconductor switch 12, 22 and first switch 11, 21) during the first step by the control unit 2 is provided by the energy store 6.
  • the control unit 2 switches the semiconductor switches 12, 22 in the current zero crossing into the electrically non-conducting state. There is thus an arc-free interruption of the power supply via the first and second current path 15,25. This switching operation takes place immediately after it has been ensured that the second switches 13, 23 are open. As soon as the power supply via the semiconductor switches 12, 22 is interrupted, the power supply to the downstream electric motor 5 is interrupted. After it is ensured that the power supply via the semiconductor switches 12,22 is interrupted, the switching signal from the second relay and thus of the first switches 11,21 is switched off. Functionally fall by switching off the switching signal on the second relay, the first switch 11,21 automatically in the open state. The first switches 11,21 are thus opened normally.
  • the energy for the Switching signals to be output during the second step by the control unit 2 is provided by the energy store 6.
  • the controlled switch-off preferably corresponds to the switch-off process, which the switchgear 1 carries out via the control unit 2 in the case of a normal switch-off process (operational deactivation of the electric motor 5 via control input).
  • the buffering of the energy store 6 is designed such that sufficient energy is available for driving the switches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23 until the end of the controlled switch-off process. In this way, even with an emergency shutdown a regular shutdown can be performed without burdening the mechanical switches 11,13,21,23 in addition. There is thus a wear-free shutdown in an emergency stop, which is realized by switching off the supply voltage. Due to the controlled shutdown via wear-resistant semiconductor switches 12,22 and the buffering of the supply voltage for the duration of the controlled shutdown can significantly increase the life of mechanical switch 11,13,21,23 and thus the entire switching device 1 can be achieved.
  • the energy storage 6 is arranged on the primary side, compared to an arrangement of the energy storage device 6 on the secondary side of the power supply 19, a voltage drop at the supply terminal 7 and thus the critical area can be detected faster, so that the controlled shutdown sequence can be initiated earlier , The emergency shutdown is thus initiated earlier. The reliability of the system is thereby improved.
  • a diagnostic message (e.g., regular shutdown notification) is also sent via communication means of the switching device 1 to a device unit (e.g., a higher level controller) connected to the switching device.
  • a device unit e.g., a higher level controller

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  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schaltgerät zum Steuern der Energiezufuhr eines nachgeschalteten Elektromotors sowie ein Verfahren des Schaltgeräts. Das erfindungsgemäße Schaltgerät ist insbesondere ein Motorstarter und wird insbesondere innerhalb der industriellen Automatisierungstechnik eingesetzt. Mittels des Schaltgeräts kann ein dem Schaltgerät nachgeschalteter Elektromotor gesteuert werden. Hierfür wird eine Energieversorgung des dem Schaltgerät nachgeschalteten Elektromotors über das Schaltgerät geführt, so dass der Elektromotor mit einem Versorgungsnetz verbunden ist. Das Versorgungsnetz ist insbesondere ein Niederspannungsnetz einer industriellen Anlage (z.B. drei Phasen, 400 Volt, 50 Hertz). Motorstarter mit Schutzfunktionen werden z.B. in WO2005099080 und US2002093774 beschrieben. Zum Steuern der Energieversorgung des nachgeschalteten Elektromotors umfasst das Schaltgerät eine Steuereinheit und eine erste Strombahn. Über die erste Strombahn wird eine erste Phase des Versorgungsnetzes zum nachgeschalteten Elektromotor geführt. Die erste Strombahn umfasst einen ersten elektromechanischen Schalter und eine in Reihe zum ersten Schalter geschaltete Parallelschaltung eines zweiten elektromechanischen Schalters mit einem Halbleiterschalter. Die Steuereinheit kann ein Schaltsignal für den ersten Schalter, den zweiten Schalter und den Halbleiterschalter ausgeben und hierüber den erwünschten Schaltzustand der Schalter steuern. Der erste und zweite Schalter ist insbesondere ein Schließer, welcher bei Vorliegen eines Schaltsignals der Steuereinheit im geschlossenen Schaltzustand gehalten wird. Wird das Schaltsignal vom ersten oder zweiten Schalter abgeschaltet, so nimmt der Schalter automatisch aufgrund einer Rückstellkraft (z.B. eine Federkraft, welche auf einen Kontakt des jeweiligen Schalters wirkt) den geöffneten Zustand ein. Derartige Schalter sind insbesondere Relais. Der Halbleiterschalter nimmt bei Vorliegen des Schaltsignals der Steuereinheit vorzugsweise den elektrisch leitenden Zustand ein.The invention relates to a switching device for controlling the power supply of a downstream electric motor and a method of the switching device. The switching device according to the invention is in particular a motor starter and is used in particular within industrial automation technology. By means of the switching device, a switching device downstream electric motor can be controlled. For this purpose, a power supply of the switching device downstream electric motor is guided via the switching device, so that the electric motor is connected to a supply network. The supply network is in particular a low-voltage network of an industrial plant (eg three phases, 400 volts, 50 hertz). Motor starters with protective functions are eg in WO2005099080 and US2002093774 described. For controlling the power supply of the downstream electric motor, the switching device comprises a control unit and a first current path. About the first current path, a first phase of the supply network is led to the downstream electric motor. The first current path comprises a first electromechanical switch and a parallel circuit, connected in series with the first switch, of a second electromechanical switch with a semiconductor switch. The control unit may output a switching signal for the first switch, the second switch and the semiconductor switch and thereby control the desired switching state of the switches. The first and second switch is in particular a closer, which is held in the presence of a switching signal of the control unit in the closed switching state. If the switching signal is switched off by the first or second switch, the switch automatically assumes the open state on the basis of a restoring force (eg a spring force which acts on a contact of the respective switch). Such switches are in particular relays. The semiconductor switch decreases when present the switching signal of the control unit preferably the electrically conductive state.

Das Schaltgerät umfasst einen Versorgungsanschluss, über welchen die Steuereinheit die Energie für die Schaltsignale beziehen kann. Üblicherweise wird eine dezentrale Versorgungsquelle mittels einer Leitung mit dem Versorgungsanschluss des Schaltgeräts verbunden, so dass im aktiven Betrieb des Schaltgeräts eine Versorgungsspannung über den Versorgungsanschluss anliegt. Über den Versorgungsanschluss bezieht das Schaltgerät die für die Schaltsignale erforderliche Energie. Vorzugsweise wird die gesamte geräteinterne Energieversorgung des Schaltgeräts über den Versorgungsanschluss des Schaltgeräts bezogen.The switching device comprises a supply connection, via which the control unit can obtain the energy for the switching signals. Usually, a decentralized supply source is connected by means of a line to the supply terminal of the switching device, so that in active operation of the switching device, a supply voltage is applied via the supply connection. The switching device receives the energy required for the switching signals via the supply connection. Preferably, the entire device-internal power supply of the switching device based on the supply terminal of the switching device.

Das Schaltgerät wird vorzugsweise eingesetzt, um Drehstrommotoren und auch Einphasenwechselstrommotoren ein- und auszuschalten. Die dem Schaltgerät nachgeschalteten Motoren werden vorzugsweise durch das Schaltgerät ferner gegen Überlast (Kurzschlussschutz und/oder thermische Überlast) geschützt.The switching device is preferably used to switch on and off three-phase motors and single-phase AC motors. The switching device downstream motors are preferably protected by the switching device also against overload (short-circuit protection and / or thermal overload).

Sofern das Schaltgerät in sicherheitskritischen Applikationen eingesetzt wird, muss ein sicheres Abschalten des dem Schaltgerät nachgeschalteten Elektromotors durch das Schaltgerät sichergestellt werden.If the switching device is used in safety-critical applications, a safe shutdown of the switching device downstream electric motor must be ensured by the switching device.

Bei Schaltgeräten mit Notabschaltung des dem Schaltgerät nachgeschalteten Motors ist ein mögliches Abschaltprinzip, die Versorgungsspannung des Schaltgeräts mittels eines in den Versorgungsstrang zwischen der Versorgungsquelle und dem Versorgungsanschluss zwischengeschalteten Schaltgeräts (z.B. ein Not-Aus-Schaltgerät) abzuschalten. Funktionsbedingt fallen durch das Abschalten der Versorgungsspannung die elektromechanischen Schalter des Schaltgerätes selbsttätig in den AusZustand (d.h. die Schalter sind geöffnet). Auf diese Weise wird bei einem Wegschalten der Versorgungsspannung die über das Schaltgerät zum Motor geführte Energiezufuhr abgeschaltet, so dass der Motor sicher ausgeschaltet wird. Durch das Wegschalten der Versorgungsquelle und dem automatischen Öffnen der Schalter bildet sich an den Schaltern ein Abschaltlichtbogen, welcher einen starken Verschleiß an den Schaltern verursacht, so dass die Anzahl derartiger Schaltspiele bei den Schaltgeräten üblicherweise begrenzt ist. US2007063661 schlägt vor, die Steuerschaltung eines Antriebs im Notfall kurzzeitig über einen Kondensator zu versorgen, damit der Antrieb sicher abgeschaltet werden kann. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde ein verbessertes Schaltgerät bereitzustellen. Vorzugsweise wird durch das Schaltgerät eine erhöhte Anzahl an Schaltspielen, insbesondere bezüglich eines Schaltvorgangs aufgrund eines Abschaltens der Versorgungsspannung am Versorgungsanschluss, ermöglicht. Das Schaltgerät soll insbesondere ein sicheres Abschalten eines dem Schaltgerät nachgeschalteten Elektromotors sicherstellen. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, d.h. durch ein Schaltgerät mit einer Steuereinheit, einem Versorgungsanschluss, einem Netzteil und einer ersten Strombahn, die mit einem Versorgungsnetz verbunden ist, die einen ersten elektromechanischen Schalter und eine in Reihe zum ersten Schalter geschaltete Parallelschaltung eines zweiten elektromechanischen Schalters mit einem Halbleiterschalter umfasst, wobei die Steuereinheit ein Schaltsignal für den ersten Schalter, den zweiten Schalter und den Halbleiterschalter ausgeben kann, wobei der Versorgungsanschluss mit dem Netzteil verbunden ist und die Steuereinheit über das Netzteil die Energie für die Schaltsignale bezieht, wobei das Schaltgerät einen Energiespeicher und eine mit der Steuereinheit verbundene Messvorrichtung umfasst, wobei der Energiespeicher zwischen dem Versorgungsanschluss und dem Netzteil zwischengeschaltet ist, so dass mittels des Energiespeichers eine über den Versorgungsanschluss erfolgende Energieversorgung des Schaltgerätes durch eine Versorgungsquelle geräteintern gepuffert wird, wobei die Steuereinheit mittels der Messvorrichtung die über den Versorgungsanschluss erfolgende Energieversorgung des Schaltgerätes im Bereich zwischen dem Versorgungsanschluss und dem Netzteil überwachen kann, wobei die Steuereinheit derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie, wenn die mittels der Messvorrichtung überwachte Energieversorgung in einen kritischen Bereich fällt, mittels der Energie des Energiespeichers

  • in einem ersten Schritt den Halbleiterschalter elektrisch leitend schaltet und anschließend den zweiten Schalter öffnet,
  • nach dem ersten Schritt in einem zweiten Schritt den Halbleiterschalter elektrisch nichtleitend schaltet und anschließend den ersten Schalter öffnet,
    und ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 8, d.h. durch ein Verfahren eines Schaltgeräts, welches eine Steuereinheit, einen Versorgungsanschluss, ein Netzteil und eine erste Strombahn, die mit einem Versorgungsnetz verbunden ist, umfasst, wobei die erste Strombahn einen ersten elektromechanischen Schalter und eine in Reihe zum ersten Schalter geschaltete Parallelschaltung eines zweiten elektromechanischen Schalters mit einem Halbleiterschalter umfasst, wobei die Steuereinheit ein Schaltsignal für den ersten Schalter, den zweiten Schalter und den Halbleiterschalter ausgeben kann, wobei der Versorgungsanschluss mit dem Netzteil verbunden ist und die Steuereinheit über das Netzteil die Energie für die Schaltsignale bezieht, wobei das Schaltgerät einen Energiespeicher und eine mit der Steuereinheit verbundene Messvorrichtung umfasst, wobei der Energiespeicher zwischen dem Versorgungsanschluss und dem Netzteil zwischengeschaltet ist, so dass mittels des Energiespeichers die über den Versorgungsanschluss erfolgende Energieversorgung des Schaltgerätes durch eine Versorgungsquelle geräteintern gepuffert wird, wobei die Steuereinheit mittels der Messvorrichtung die über den Versorgungsanschluss erfolgende Energieversorgung des Schaltgerätes im Bereich zwischen dem Versorgungsanschluss und dem Netzteil überwacht, wobei die Steuereinheit, wenn die mittels der Messvorrichtung überwachte Energieversorgung in einen kritischen Bereich fällt, mittels der Energie des Energiespeichers:
    • in einem ersten Schritt den Halbleiterschalter elektrisch leitend schaltet und anschließend den zweiten Schalter öffnet,
    • nach dem ersten Schritt in einem zweiten Schritt den Halbleiterschalter elektrisch nichtleitend schaltet und anschließend den ersten Schalter öffnet.
In switching devices with emergency shutdown of the switching device downstream motor is a possible shutdown, the supply voltage of the switching device by means of an intermediate in the supply line between the supply source and the supply device switching device (eg, an emergency stop switchgear) off. Functionally fall by turning off the supply voltage, the electromechanical switch of the switching device automatically in the Off state (ie, the switches are open). In this way, when the supply voltage is switched off, the energy supply routed to the motor via the switching device is switched off, so that the motor is reliably switched off. By the Switching off the supply source and the automatic opening of the switches forms an interruption arc on the switches, which causes heavy wear on the switches, so that the number of such switching operations is usually limited in the switching devices. US2007063661 proposes to supply the control circuit of a drive in an emergency for a short time via a capacitor, so that the drive can be switched off safely. The invention has for its object to provide an improved switching device. Preferably, by the switching device, an increased number of switching cycles, in particular with respect to a switching operation due to a shutdown of the supply voltage at the supply terminal, allows. The switching device is intended in particular to ensure a safe shutdown of a switching device downstream electric motor. This object is achieved by a device according to claim 1, ie by a switching device with a control unit, a supply terminal, a power supply and a first current path, which is connected to a supply network having a first electromechanical switch and a series-connected to the first switch parallel connection a second electromechanical switch with a semiconductor switch, wherein the control unit can output a switching signal for the first switch, the second switch and the semiconductor switch, wherein the supply terminal is connected to the power supply and the control unit via the power supply receives the energy for the switching signals, wherein the switching device comprises an energy store and a measuring device connected to the control unit, wherein the energy store between the supply terminal and the power supply is interposed, so that by means of the energy storage erfo via the supply connection The power supply of the switching device is buffered by a supply source inside the device, wherein the control unit can monitor by means of the measuring device via the supply connection power supply of the switching device in the area between the supply terminal and the power supply, wherein the control unit is designed such that when the means of Measuring device monitored power supply in one critical range falls, by means of the energy of the energy store
  • in a first step, electrically switching the semiconductor switch and then opening the second switch,
  • after the first step in a second step, the semiconductor switch is electrically nonconductive and then opens the first switch,
    and a method according to claim 8, ie by a method of a switching device comprising a control unit, a supply terminal, a power supply and a first current path connected to a supply network, the first current path comprising a first electromechanical switch and one in series with the first The control unit may output a switching signal for the first switch, the second switch and the semiconductor switch, wherein the supply terminal is connected to the power supply and the control unit via the power supply to the energy for the first switch connected parallel connection of a second electromechanical switch with a semiconductor switch Obtains switching signals, wherein the switching device comprises an energy storage device and a measuring device connected to the control unit, wherein the energy storage between the supply terminal and the power supply is interposed, so that by means of the energy storage via the supply the control unit monitors by means of the measuring device the energy supply of the switching device in the region between the supply connection and the power supply via the supply connection, wherein the control unit, when the energy supply monitored by the measuring device, enters a critical state Range falls, using the energy of the energy storage:
    • in a first step, electrically switching the semiconductor switch and then opening the second switch,
    • after the first step in a second step, the semiconductor switch electrically nonconductive switches and then opens the first switch.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen 2 bis 7 sowie 9 angegeben.Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims 2 to 7 and 9.

Im aktiven Betrieb des dem Schaltgerät nachgeschalteten Elektromotors erfolgt über die erste Strombahn die Energiezufuhr für den Elektromotor.In active operation of the switching device downstream electric motor via the first current path, the power supply for the electric motor.

Bei Vorliegen des Schaltsignals der Steuereinheit nimmt der erste und zweite Schalter den geschlossenen Schaltzustand ein. Wird das Schaltsignal am ersten und/oder zweiten Schalter abgeschaltet; d.h. am Schalter liegt kein Schaltsignal an, so nimmt der entsprechende Schalter automatisch den geöffneten Schaltzustand ein. Bei einem Schaltsignal liegt insbesondere eine Spannung über dem Steuerstromkreis des Schalters an, insbesondere ca. 12 Volt. Bei keinem Schaltsignal liegt insbesondere keine Spannung über dem Steuerstromkreis des Schalters an.When the switching signal of the control unit is present, the first and second switches assume the closed switching state. If the switching signal at the first and / or second switch is turned off; i.e. At the switch is no switching signal, so the corresponding switch automatically takes the open switching state. In the case of a switching signal, in particular, a voltage is present across the control circuit of the switch, in particular approximately 12 volts. In particular, no voltage is present across the control circuit of the switch for any switching signal.

Die Steuereinheit kann mittels der Messvorrichtung die über den Versorgungsanschluss erfolgende Energieversorgung für das Schaltsignal der Steuereinheit überwachen. Dadurch, dass mittels der Messvorrichtung der Energiefluss, insbesondere die Spannung, im Bereich der elektrischen Verbindung zwischen dem Versorgungsanschluss und dem Netzteil, vorzugsweise im Bereich der elektrischen Verbindung zwischen dem Versorgungsanschluss und dem Energiespeicher, überwacht wird, kann die über den Versorgungsanschluss direkt am Schaltgerät eingespeiste Spannung der Versorgungsquelle überwacht werden. Auf diese Weise kann seitens der Steuereinheit unmittelbar auf einen Spannungsabfall am Versorgungsanschluss reagiert werden.The control unit can monitor the power supply for the switching signal of the control unit via the supply connection by means of the measuring device. The fact that the energy flow, in particular the voltage, in the region of the electrical connection between the supply connection and the power supply, preferably in the region of the electrical connection between the supply connection and the energy storage, is monitored by means of the measuring device, which can be fed directly to the switching device via the supply connection Voltage of the supply source to be monitored. In this way, the control unit can react directly to a voltage drop at the supply connection.

Durch die Überwachung der über den Versorgungsanschluss erfolgenden Energieversorgung mittels der Messvorrichtung kann bei einem Absinken der Versorgungsspannung in einen, vorzugsweise in der Steuereinheit oder Messvorrichtung hinterlegten, kritischen Bereich ein gesteuertes Abschalten der über die erste Strombahn erfolgenden Energieversorgung des nachgeschalteten Elektromotors erfolgen.By monitoring the energy supply via the supply connection by means of the measuring device, when the supply voltage drops to a critical region, preferably stored in the control unit or measuring device, a controlled shutdown of the over the first current path taking place energy supply of the downstream electric motor done.

Der kritische Bereich wird vorzugsweise mittels eines Referenzwertes vom ordnungsgemäßen Bereich, in welchem eine ordnungsgemäße Energieversorgung des Schaltgerätes über den Versorgungsanschluss vorliegt, getrennt. Der Referenzwert ist somit ein Schwellwert bzw. Schwellwertbereich. Der Referenzwert ist insbesondere derart bemessen, dass, sofern der Referenzwert überschritten wird eine ausreichende Energieversorgung des Schaltgerätes über den Versorgungsanschluss erfolgt, so dass eine ordnungsgemäße Schaltsignalausgabe durch die Steuereinheit sichergestellt ist, und sofern der Referenzwert unterschritten wird eine Energieversorgung über den Versorgungsanschluss erfolgt, welche eine ordnungsgemäße Schaltsignalausgabe durch die Steuereinheit gefährdet, insbesondere nicht ermöglicht.The critical area is preferably separated by means of a reference value from the proper range in which there is a proper power supply of the switching device via the supply terminal. The reference value is thus a threshold or threshold range. The reference value is in particular dimensioned such that, if the reference value is exceeded, a sufficient power supply of the switching device via the supply connection, so that a proper switching signal output is ensured by the control unit, and if the reference value falls below a power supply via the supply connection takes place, which is a proper switching signal output by the control unit endangered, in particular not possible.

Der kritische Bereich charakterisiert insbesondere einen Spannungsbereich am Versorgungsanschluss, welcher unterhalb von ca. 70%, vorzugsweise ca. 50%, der am Versorgungsanschluss anzuschließenden maximal zulässigen Spannung liegt.The critical area particularly characterizes a voltage range at the supply connection, which is below about 70%, preferably about 50%, of the maximum allowable voltage to be connected to the supply connection.

Die Messvorrichtung ist insbesondere eine Vorrichtung zum Messen der am Versorgungsanschluss anliegenden Versorgungsspannung, so dass die Steuereinheit mittels der Messvorrichtung die über den Versorgungsanschluss anliegende Versorgungsspannung überwachen kann. Die Messung mittels der Messvorrichtung findet insbesondere im Bereich zwischen den Anschlussstellen des Versorgungsanschlusses und dem Netzteil, vorzugsweise dem Energiespeicher, statt.The measuring device is in particular a device for measuring the supply voltage applied to the supply connection, so that the control unit can monitor the supply voltage applied via the supply connection by means of the measuring device. The measurement by means of the measuring device takes place in particular in the region between the connection points of the supply connection and the power supply, preferably the energy store.

Die Steuereinheit selbst kann den Energiespeicher umfassen.The control unit itself may comprise the energy store.

Über den Versorgungsanschluss erfolgt vorzugsweise lediglich die geräteinterne Energieversorgung des Schaltgeräts.About the supply connection is preferably carried out only the device-internal power supply of the switching device.

Vorzugsweise liegen am Versorgungsanschluss im ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb des Schaltgeräts ca. 24 Volt an.Approximately 24 volts are preferably present at the supply connection during proper operation of the switching device.

Das Netzteil ist ein geräteinternes Netzteil des Schaltgerätes, welches insbesondere die am Versorgungsanschluss anliegende Spannung in eine andere Spannung umwandelt.The power supply is a device-internal power supply unit of the switching device, which converts in particular the voltage applied to the supply terminal voltage in another voltage.

Der Halbleiterschalter ist vorzugsweise ein Triac oder zwei antiparallel geschaltete Thyristoren.The semiconductor switch is preferably a triac or two antiparallel connected thyristors.

Wurde eine kritische Energieversorgung mittels der Messvorrichtung detektiert (die Energieversorgung über den Versorgungsanschluss liegt im kritischen Bereich), so erfolgt die Ansteuerung mittels der Steuereinheit derart, dass im ersten Schritt der Halbleiterschalter elektrisch leitend geschaltet wird und der zweite Schalter nach dem Schließen des Halbleiterschalters geöffnet wird. Im ersten Schritt bleibt der erste Schalter geschlossen. Im zweiten Schritt wird zunächst der Halbleiterschalter elektrisch nichtleitend geschaltet und anschließend der erste Schalter geöffnet. Die erforderliche Energie zur Ausgabe der notwendigen Schaltsignale für den ersten und zweiten Schritt bezieht die Steuereinheit vom Energiespeicher.If a critical energy supply was detected by means of the measuring device (the power supply via the supply connection is in the critical range), the control is effected by means of the control unit such that in the first step, the semiconductor switch is switched electrically conductive and the second switch is opened after closing the semiconductor switch , In the first step, the first switch remains closed. In the second step, first the semiconductor switch is switched electrically non-conducting and then the first switch is opened. The required energy for outputting the necessary switching signals for the first and second step is obtained by the control unit from the energy store.

Der Energiespeicher, welcher insbesondere durch mindestens einen Kondensator ausgebildet ist, ist zwischen dem Versorgungsanschluss und dem Netzteil zwischengeschaltet, so dass er die über den Versorgungsanschluss erfolgende Energieversorgung des Schaltgerätes geräteintern puffert. Der Energiespeicher wird insbesondere über die am Versorgungsanschluss anliegende Spannung aufgeladen. Sinkt die am Versorgungsanschluss anliegende Spannung in den kritischen Bereich, so wird das Ausgeben der erforderlichen Schaltsignale für den ersten und zweiten Schritt durch die Steuereinheit durch die im Energiespeicher gepufferte Energie sichergestellt. Dadurch, dass der Energiespeicher direkt mittels der am Versorgungsanschluss anliegenden Spannung aufgeladen wird, kann bei einer entsprechenden Dimensionierung des Energiespeichers eine gesteuerte Abschaltung des nachgeschalteten Elektromotors (Durchführen des ersten und zweiten Schritts) vorzugsweise bei einem konstanten Spannungsniveau erfolgen. Der Spannungseinbruch auf der Sekundärseite des Netzteils tritt vorzugsweise erst nach Durchführung des ersten und zweiten Schrittes ein.The energy store, which is formed in particular by at least one capacitor, is interposed between the supply terminal and the power supply, so that it buffers the power supply of the switching device taking place via the supply connection device-internally. The energy store is charged in particular via the voltage applied to the supply terminal. If the voltage applied to the supply terminal drops to the critical range, the output of the required switching signals for the first and second steps by the control unit is ensured by the energy buffered in the energy store. Due to the fact that the energy store is charged directly by means of the voltage applied to the supply connection, a corresponding dimensioning of the energy store can result in a controlled shutdown of the downstream electric motor (performing the first and second steps) preferably carried out at a constant voltage level. The voltage drop on the secondary side of the power supply preferably occurs after performing the first and second steps.

Die gesteuerte Abschaltung des nachgeschalteten Elektromotors mittels des ersten und zweiten Schritts erfolgt insbesondere unmittelbar nachdem festgestellt wurde, dass die mittels der Messvorrichtung erfasste Spannung im kritischen Bereich liegt.The controlled shutdown of the downstream electric motor by means of the first and second steps takes place in particular immediately after it has been determined that the voltage detected by the measuring device is in the critical range.

Ein mit der Erfindung erzielte Vorteil besteht darin, dass mit geringem zusätzlichem Hardwareaufwand im Schaltgerät ein verbessertes Schaltverhalten erzielt werden kann. Insbesondere kann bezüglich einer Notabschaltung über den Versorgungsanschluss eine erhöhte Anzahl an Schaltspielen für das Schaltgerät erzielt werden. Der durch ein Abschalten der Versorgungsspannung an den Schaltern üblicherweise erfolgende Verschleiß kann durch das gesteuerte Abschalten verhindert werden. Die hierzu erforderlich Energie für das Schaltsignal wird durch den Energiespeicher bereitgestellt. Dadurch, dass der Energiespeicher auf der Primärseite des Netzteils (zum Versorgungsanschluss gerichtete Seite des Netzteils) angeordnet ist, kann eine verbesserte geräteinterne Energiepufferung erfolgen.An advantage achieved by the invention is that with little additional hardware effort in the switching device, an improved switching behavior can be achieved. In particular, with regard to an emergency shutdown via the supply connection, an increased number of switching cycles for the switching device can be achieved. The usually occurring by switching off the supply voltage to the switches wear can be prevented by the controlled shutdown. The required energy for the switching signal is provided by the energy storage. Because the energy store is arranged on the primary side of the power supply (side of the power supply facing the supply connection), an improved device-internal energy buffering can take place.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann der Energiespeicher über den Versorgungsanschluss aufgeladen werden. Der Energiespeicher umfasst vorzugsweise mindestens einen Kondensator, welcher mit dem Versorgungsanschluss elektrisch leitend verbunden ist. Es ist ebenso denkbar, dass als Energiespeicher mehrere Kondensatoren eingesetzt werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the energy store can be charged via the supply connection. The energy store preferably comprises at least one capacitor, which is electrically conductively connected to the supply terminal. It is also conceivable that several capacitors are used as energy storage.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Energiespeicher derart ausgebildet, dass er die Ausgabe der erforderlichen Schaltsignale mittels der Steuereinheit für die ersten und zweiten Schritte sicherstellt. Die Ausgabe der ersten und zweiten Schaltsignale über die Steuereinheit ist somit lediglich mittels der im Energiespeicher gepufferten Energie möglich.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the energy store is designed such that it outputs the required switching signals by means of the control unit for the first and second steps. The output of the first and second switching signals via the control unit is thus possible only by means of the energy buffered in the energy store.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst das Schaltgerät eine weitere Messvorrichtung, welche mit der Steuereinheit verbunden ist, wobei die Steuereinheit mittels der weiteren Messvorrichtung die über den Versorgungsanschluss erfolgende Energieversorgung im Bereich zwischen dem Netzteil und der Steuereinheit überwachen kann. Mittels der weiteren Messvorrichtung kann somit die Energieversorgung auf der Sekundärseite des Netzteils überwacht werden.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the switching device comprises a further measuring device, which is connected to the control unit, wherein the control unit can monitor by means of the further measuring device taking place via the supply connection power supply in the region between the power supply and the control unit. By means of the further measuring device can thus be monitored, the power supply to the secondary side of the power supply.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst das Schaltgerät eine zweite Strombahn, welche einen ersten elektromechanischen Schalter und eine in Reihe zum ersten Schalter geschaltete Parallelschaltung eines zweiten elektromechanischen Schalters mit einem Halbleiterschalter umfasst, wobei die Steuereinheit ein Schaltsignal für den ersten Schalter, den zweiten Schalter und den Halbleiterschalter der zweiten Strombahn ausgeben kann, wobei die Steuereinheit derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie, sofern die mittels der Messvorrichtung überwachte Energieversorgung in einen kritischen Bereich fällt, mittels der Energie des Energiespeichers:

  • in einem ersten Schritt den Halbleiterschalter der zweiten Strombahn elektrisch leitend schaltet und anschließend den zweiten Schalter der zweiten Strombahn öffnet,
  • nach dem ersten Schritt in einem zweiten Schritt den Halbleiterschalter der zweiten Strombahn elektrisch nichtleitend schaltet und anschließend den ersten Schalter der zweiten Strombahn öffnet.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the switching device comprises a second current path which comprises a first electromechanical switch and a parallel connected in series with the first switch a second electromechanical switch with a semiconductor switch, wherein the control unit, a switching signal for the first switch, the second switch and output the semiconductor switch of the second current path, wherein the control unit is designed such that, if the energy supply monitored by the measuring device falls within a critical range, by means of the energy of the energy store:
  • in a first step, electrically switching the semiconductor switch of the second current path and then opening the second switch of the second current path,
  • after the first step in a second step, the semiconductor switch of the second current path switches electrically nonconducting and then opens the first switch of the second current path.

Die Ansteuerung der zweiten Strombahn mittels der Steuereinheit erfolgt vorzugsweise analog zur ersten Strombahn. Die zweite Strombahn ist vorzugsweise analog zur ersten Strombahn ausgebildet.The control of the second flow path by means of the control unit is preferably carried out analogously to the first flow path. The second current path is preferably formed analogously to the first current path.

Das Schaltgerät kann ferner eine dritte Strombahn umfassen. Die dritte Strombahn kann hierbei analog zur ersten oder zweiten Strombahn ausgebildet sein. Die Ansteuerung der Schalter der dritten Strombahn kann ebenso in analoger Weise zur ersten Strombahn erfolgen.The switching device may further comprise a third current path. The third flow path may be formed here analogous to the first or second flow path. The control of the switch of the third current path can also be done in an analogous manner to the first current path.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Steuereinheit derart ausgebildet, dass sie im zweiten Schritt den Halbleiterschalter im Stromnulldurchgang, der über ihn erfolgenden Energiezufuhr, in den elektrisch nichtleitenden Zustand schaltet. Hierdurch wird die Energieversorgung zum Elektromotor unterbrochen, so dass anschließend der erste Schalter der jeweiligen Strombahn stromlos geöffnet werden kann. Das Abschalten der Energieversorgung zum nachgeschalteten Elektromotor kann somit ohne Lichtbogenbildung an den jeweiligen elektromechanischen Schaltern erfolgen. Der ansonsten erfolgende Verschleiß der Schalter wird vermieden.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the control unit is designed such that in the second step it switches the semiconductor switch in the current zero crossing, the energy supply taking place via it, into the electrically non-conducting state. As a result, the power supply to the electric motor is interrupted, so that subsequently the first switch of the respective current path can be opened without current. Switching off the power supply to the downstream electric motor can thus be done without arcing at the respective electromechanical switches. The otherwise occurring wear of the switch is avoided.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst ein System, zum sicheren Betreiben eines Elektromotors, das beschriebene Schaltgerät, eine Versorgungsquelle und eine Schaltvorrichtung, wobei die Schaltvorrichtung in den Versorgungsstrang der Versorgungsquelle zum Versorgungsanschluss des Schaltgeräts derart zwischengeschaltet ist, dass durch eine Betätigung der Schaltvorrichtung eine durch die Versorgungsquelle erfolgende Energieversorgung zum Schaltgerät unterbrochen wird. Die Schaltvorrichtung ist beispielsweise ein Not-Aus-Schaltgerät.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a system for safe operation of an electric motor, the described switching device, a supply source and a switching device, wherein the switching device is interposed in the supply line of the supply source to the supply terminal of the switching device such that by an actuation of the switching device is cut off by the supply source energy supply to the switching device. The switching device is for example an emergency stop switching device.

Im Folgenden werden die Erfindung und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung anhand des in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher beschrieben und erläutert.In the following, the invention and embodiments of the invention will be described and explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in the figure.

Die Figur zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Systems zum sicheren Betreiben eines Elektromotors 5. Das System umfasst ein Versorgungsnetz 9, den Elektromotor 5, ein Schaltgerät 1, eine Versorgungsquelle 50 und ein Not-Aus-Schaltgerät 40.The figure shows a schematic representation of a system for safe operation of an electric motor 5. The system comprises a power supply 9, the electric motor 5, a switching device 1, a power source 50 and an emergency stop device 40.

Das Schaltgerät 1 ist mit seinen drei eingangsseitigen Anschlussstellen 3 mit dem Versorgungsnetz 9 und mit seinen drei ausgangsseitigen Anschlussstellen 4 mit dem Elektromotor 5 verbunden. Der Elektromotor 5 ist ein Asynchronmotor. Das Versorgungsnetz 9 ist ein Dreiphasenwechselstromnetz einer industriellen Niederspannungsschaltanlage. Das Schaltgerät 1 ist ein Motorstarter 1, mittels welchem die Energiezufuhr des nachgeschalteten Elektromotors 5 gesteuert werden kann.The switching device 1 is connected with its three input-side connection points 3 to the supply network 9 and with its three output-side connection points 4 with the electric motor 5. The electric motor 5 is an asynchronous motor. The supply network 9 is a three-phase AC network of an industrial low-voltage switchgear. The switching device 1 is a motor starter 1, by means of which the power supply of the downstream electric motor 5 can be controlled.

Eine erste Phase 10 des Versorgungsnetzes 9 ist mittels einer Leitung mit der eingangsseitigen Anschlussstelle 3 verbunden und wird über eine erste Strombahn 15 des Motorstarters 1 geräteintern zur ausgangsseitigen Anschlussstelle 4 geführt und anschließend mittels einer weiteren Leitung zum Elektromotor 5 geführt. Die erste Strombahn 15 des Motorstarters 1 verbindet geräteintern die eingangsseitige Anschlussstelle 3 des Motorstarters 1 mit der ausgangsseitigen Anschlussstelle 4 des Motorstarters 1. Die erste Strombahn 15 umfasst einen ersten elektromechanischen Schalter 11, einen Halbleiterschalter 12, hier ein Triac, und einen zweiten elektromechanischen Schalter 13. Der erste Schalter 11 ist in Serie zu der Parallelschaltung des Halbleiterschalters 12 mit dem zweiten Schalter 13 geschaltet. Über die erste Strombahn 15 wird folglich die erste Phase 10 des Versorgungsnetzes 9 zum Elektromotor 5 geführt.A first phase 10 of the supply network 9 is connected by means of a line to the input-side connection point 3 and is guided internally to the output-side connection point 4 via a first current path 15 of the motor starter 1 and then guided by means of a further line to the electric motor 5. The first current path 15 of the motor starter 1 connects internally the input side connection point 3 of the motor starter 1 to the output side connection point 4 of the motor starter 1. The first current path 15 comprises a first electromechanical switch 11, a semiconductor switch 12, here a triac, and a second electromechanical switch 13 The first switch 11 is connected in series with the parallel circuit of the semiconductor switch 12 with the second switch 13. Consequently, the first phase 10 of the supply network 9 is led to the electric motor 5 via the first current path 15.

Eine zweite Phase 20 des Versorgungsnetzes 9 ist mittels einer Leitung mit der eingangsseitigen Anschlussstelle 3 verbunden und wird über eine zweite Strombahn 25 des Motorstarters 1 geräteintern zur ausgangsseitigen Anschlussstelle 4 geführt und anschließend mittels einer weiteren Leitung zum Elektromotor 5 geführt. Die zweite Strombahn 25 des Motorstarters 1 verbindet geräteintern die eingangsseitige Anschlussstelle 3 des Motorstarters 1 mit der ausgangsseitigen Anschlussstelle 4 des Motorstarters 1. Die zweite Strombahn 25 umfasst einen ersten elektromechanischen Schalter 21, einen Halbleiterschalter 22, hier ein Triac, und einen zweiten elektromechanischen Schalter 23. Der erste Schalter 21 ist in Serie zu der Parallelschaltung des Halbleiterschalters 22 mit dem zweiten Schalter 23 geschaltet. Über die zweite Strombahn 25 wird folglich die zweite Phase 20 des Versorgungsnetzes 9 zum Elektromotor 5 geführt.A second phase 20 of the supply network 9 is connected by means of a line to the input-side connection point 3 and is guided internally to the output-side connection point 4 via a second current path 25 of the motor starter 1 and then guided by means of a further line to the electric motor 5. The second current path 25 of the motor starter 1 device-internally connects the input-side connection point 3 of the motor starter 1 with the output side Connection point 4 of the motor starter 1. The second current path 25 comprises a first electromechanical switch 21, a semiconductor switch 22, here a triac, and a second electromechanical switch 23. The first switch 21 is connected in series with the parallel connection of the semiconductor switch 22 with the second switch 23 connected. Consequently, the second phase 20 of the supply network 9 is led to the electric motor 5 via the second current path 25.

Eine dritte Phase 30 des Versorgungsnetzes 9 ist mittels einer Leitung mit der eingangsseitigen Anschlussstelle 3 verbunden und wird über eine dritte Strombahn 35 des Motorstarters 1 geräteintern zur ausgangsseitigen Anschlussstelle 4 geführt und anschließend mittels einer weiteren Leitung zum Elektromotor 5 geführt. Die dritte Strombahn 35 des Motorstarters 1 verbindet geräteintern die eingangsseitige Anschlussstelle 3 des Motorstarters 1 mit der ausgangsseitigen Anschlussstelle 4 des Motorstarters 1. Der abgebildete Motorstarter 1 ist ein 2-phasig gesteuerter Motorstarter 1, so dass die dritte Strombahn eine beständige geräteinterne elektrische Kontaktierung zwischen der eingangsseitigen und ausgangsseitigen Anschlussstelle 3,4 bildet. Es ist jedoch ebenso denkbar, dass die dritte Strombahn 35 ebenso mindestens einen Schalter umfasst oder analog zur ersten und/oder zweiten Strombahn 15,25 des Motorstarters 1 ausgebildet ist.A third phase 30 of the supply network 9 is connected by means of a line to the input-side connection point 3 and is guided internally to the output-side connection point 4 via a third current path 35 of the motor starter 1 and then guided by means of a further line to the electric motor 5. The third current path 35 of the motor starter 1 connects device-internally the input-side connection point 3 of the motor starter 1 with the output side connection point 4 of the motor starter 1. The illustrated motor starter 1 is a 2-phase controlled motor starter 1, so that the third current path a continuous device internal electrical contact between the the input side and output side connection point 3,4 forms. However, it is also conceivable that the third current path 35 also includes at least one switch or is formed analogously to the first and / or second current path 15,25 of the motor starter 1.

Der Motorstarter 1 umfasst eine Steuereinheit 2 mittels welcher die Schaltstellung der elektromechanischen Schalter 11,13,21,23 und der Halbleiterschalter 12,22 gesteuert wird. Hierfür kann die Steuereinheit 2 Schaltsignale an die Schalter 11,12,13,21,22,23 ausgeben. Durch das Schaltsignal wird eine Spannung am Schalter 11,12,13,21,22,23 angelegt. Die elektromechanischen Schalter 11,13,21,23 sind mit einer Federkraft beaufschlagt, so dass sie zum Halten der geschlossenen Stellung mit dem Schaltsignal angesteuert werden müssen, da sie ansonsten selbständig den geöffneten Schaltzustand einnehmen. D.h. sobald das Schaltsignal am elektromechanischen Schalter 11,13,21,23 entfernt wird, nimmt dieser automatisch die geöffnete Schaltstellung ein. Mittels der Steuereinheit 2 kann der jeweilige Halbleiterschalter 12,22 in einen elektrisch leitenden Zustand und einen elektrisch nicht leitenden Zustand (gesperrten Zustand) geschaltet werden. Im elektrisch nicht leitenden Zustand des Halbleiterschalters 12,22 wird die Energieübertragung über den Halbleiterschalter 12,22 gesperrt.The motor starter 1 comprises a control unit 2 by means of which the switching position of the electromechanical switches 11,13,21,23 and the semiconductor switches 12,22 is controlled. For this purpose, the control unit 2 output switching signals to the switches 11,12,13,21,22,23. By the switching signal, a voltage at the switch 11,12,13,21,22,23 is applied. The electromechanical switches 11,13,21,23 are acted upon by a spring force, so that they must be controlled to hold the closed position with the switching signal, since they otherwise occupy the open switching state independently. That is, as soon as the switching signal at the electromechanical switch 11,13,21,23 is removed, this takes automatically the opened switching position. By means of the control unit 2, the respective semiconductor switch 12,22 can be switched to an electrically conductive state and an electrically non-conductive state (locked state). In the electrically non-conductive state of the semiconductor switch 12,22, the power transmission via the semiconductor switch 12,22 is blocked.

Die ersten elektromechanischen Schalter 13,23 sind Schließer eines ersten Relais. Die zweiten elektromechanischen Schalter 11,21 sind Schließer eines zweiten Relais. Es ist jedoch ebenso denkbar, dass die einzelnen Schalter oder lediglich die ersten oder zweiten Schalter 11,13,21,23 mittels eines separaten Relais angesteuert werden.The first electromechanical switches 13, 23 are make contacts of a first relay. The second electromechanical switches 11, 21 are make contacts of a second relay. However, it is also conceivable that the individual switches or only the first or second switches 11,13,21,23 are controlled by means of a separate relay.

Der Motorstarter 1 bezieht über seinen Versorgungsanschluss 7 die geräteinterne Energieversorgung. Hierfür ist der Versorgungsanschluss 7 mittels zweier Leiter mit einer Versorgungsquelle 50, welche z.B. ca. 24 Volt bereitstellt, verbunden. Am Versorgungsanschluss 7 liegt somit bei einer bestehenden elektrisch leitenden Verbindung zur Versorgungsquelle 7 eine Versorgungsspannung von ca. 24 Volt an. Mittels der über den Versorgungsanschluss 7 bezogenen elektrischen Energie kann die Steuereinheit 2 die erforderlichen Schaltsignale an die jeweiligen Schalter 11,12,13,21,22,23 ausgegeben.The motor starter 1 receives via its supply terminal 7, the device's internal power supply. For this purpose, the supply terminal 7 is connected by means of two conductors to a supply source 50, which is e.g. about 24 volts provides connected. At the supply terminal 7 is thus at an existing electrically conductive connection to the supply source 7, a supply voltage of about 24 volts. By means of the electrical connection obtained via the supply connection 7, the control unit 2 outputs the required switching signals to the respective switches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23.

Innerhalb des Motorstarters 1 ist der Versorgungsanschluss 7 mit einem Netzteil 19 des Schaltgerätes 1 elektrisch leitend verbunden. Das Netzteil 19 passt die über den Versorgungsanschluss 7 bezogene Spannung der Spannungsquelle 50 derart an, dass die Steuereinheit 2 über das Netzteil 19 die passende elektrische Spannung für die Schaltsignale beziehen kann.Inside the motor starter 1, the supply connection 7 is electrically conductively connected to a power supply unit 19 of the switching device 1. The power supply unit 19 adjusts the voltage of the voltage source 50, which is obtained via the supply connection 7, in such a way that the control unit 2 can obtain the suitable electrical voltage for the switching signals via the power supply unit 19.

Der Motorstarter 1 umfasst ferner einen Energiespeicher 6, welcher in der elektrisch leitenden Verbindung des Versorgungsanschlusses 7 zum Netzteil 19 integriert ist. Der Energiespeicher 6 ist ein Kondensator, welcher über den Versorgungsanschluss 7 aufgeladen wird. Der Energiespeicher 6 kann die Energieversorgung des Netzteils 19 puffern. Sofern die Energieversorgung des Schaltgerätes über die Versorgungsquelle 50 entfällt, wird mittels des Energiespeichers 6 die Energieversorgung des Netzteils 19 entsprechend der Kapazität des Energiespeichers 6 gepuffert; d.h. kurzzeitig aufrechterhalten. Die Kapazität des Energiespeichers 6 ist derart ausgelegt, dass eine Energieversorgung des Netzteils 19 lediglich mittels der Energie des Energiespeichers 6 solange sichergestellt ist, dass die Steuereinheit 2 ein gesteuertes Abschalten des nachgeschalteten Verbrauchers 5 durchführen kann (Durchführen des ersten und zweiten Schrittes).The motor starter 1 further comprises an energy store 6, which is integrated in the electrically conductive connection of the supply terminal 7 to the power unit 19. The energy store 6 is a capacitor which is charged via the supply terminal 7. The energy storage 6 can buffer the power supply of the power supply 19. If the power supply of the switching device via the supply source 50 is omitted, the power supply of the power supply 19 is buffered by the energy storage device 6 according to the capacity of the energy storage device 6; ie maintained for a short time. The capacity of the energy store 6 is designed such that a power supply of the power supply 19 is ensured only by means of the energy of the energy store 6 so long that the control unit 2 can perform a controlled shutdown of the downstream consumer 5 (performing the first and second steps).

Zwischen dem Versorgungsanschluss 7 und dem Energiespeicher 6 ist eine Messvorrichtung 8 des Motorstarters 1 angeordnet. Die Steuereinheit 2 kann mittels der Messvorrichtung 8 die über den Versorgungsanschluss 7 erfolgende Energieversorgung des Netzteils 19 überwachen. Hierbei wird die mittels der Messvorrichtung 8 ermittelte Spannung mit einem im Schaltgerät 1 hinterlegten Referenzwert verglichen. Liegt die ermittelte Spannung oberhalb des Referenzwertes, so erfolgt über den Versorgungsanschluss 7 für das Schaltgerät 1 eine ausreichende Energieversorgung, welche eine ordnungsgemäße Schaltsignalausgabe durch die Steuereinheit 2 sichergestellt. Wird durch die ermittelte Spannung jedoch der Referenzwert unterschritten, so erfolgt über den Versorgungsanschluss 7 eine Energieversorgung, welche eine ordnungsgemäße Schaltsignalausgabe durch die Steuereinheit 2 gefährdet. Die über den Versorgungsanschluss 7 erfolgende Energieversorgung befindet sich somit im kritischen Bereich. Der durch den Referenzwert gebildete Schwellwert bezüglich der überwachten Versorgungsspannung liegt bei 50% der am Versorgungsanschluss 7 anzuschließenden maximal zulässigen Spannung. Ergibt die Überwachung der Versorgungsspannung mittels der Messvorrichtung 8, dass am Versorgungsanschluss 7 eine Spannung unterhalb von 50% der am Versorgungsanschluss 7 anzuschließenden maximal zulässigen Spannung anliegt, so befindet sich die Energieversorgung im kritischen Bereich. Wird ein derartiger Zustand detektiert, so wird durch die Steuereinheit 2 unmittelbar ein gesteuertes Abschalten mittels der vom Energiespeicher 6 gepufferten Energie durchgeführt.Between the supply terminal 7 and the energy storage 6, a measuring device 8 of the motor starter 1 is arranged. The control unit 2 can monitor the power supply of the power supply 19 via the supply connection 7 by means of the measuring device 8. In this case, the voltage determined by means of the measuring device 8 is compared with a reference value stored in the switching device 1. If the determined voltage is above the reference value, the supply connection 7 for the switching device 1 provides a sufficient energy supply which ensures a proper switching signal output by the control unit 2. However, if the reference voltage falls below the reference voltage, a power supply which endangers a proper switching signal output by the control unit 2 takes place via the supply connection 7. The energy supply occurring via the supply connection 7 is thus in the critical range. The threshold value formed by the reference value with respect to the monitored supply voltage is 50% of the maximum permissible voltage to be connected to the supply terminal 7. If the monitoring of the supply voltage by means of the measuring device 8 reveals that a voltage of less than 50% of the maximum permissible voltage to be connected to the supply connection 7 is present at the supply connection 7, then the energy supply is in the critical region. If such a condition is detected, then the control unit 2 immediately turns on controlled shutdown performed by means of the buffered energy storage 6 energy.

Zwischen der Versorgungsquelle 50 und dem Motorstarter 1 ist das Not-Aus-Schaltgerät 40 derart angeordnet, dass es die über die beiden Leiter erfolgende Energieversorgung des Motorstarters 1 unterbrechen kann. Das Not-Aus-Schaltgerät 40 umfasst hierfür jeweils zwei Schaltelemente, welche jeweils eine Leitung unterbrechen können.Between the supply source 50 and the motor starter 1, the emergency stop switching device 40 is arranged such that it can interrupt the energy supply of the motor starter 1 that takes place via the two conductors. For this purpose, the emergency-off switching device 40 in each case has two switching elements which can each interrupt a line.

Sofern am Versorgungsanschluss 7 eine ordnungsgemäße Versorgungsspannung anliegt kann der Motorstarter 1 für den nachgeschalteten Elektromotor 5 eine Energieversorgung herstellen. Die mittels der Messvorrichtung 8 ermittelte Versorgungsspannung liegt folglich nicht im kritischen Bereich.If a proper supply voltage is present at the supply connection 7, the motor starter 1 can produce a power supply for the downstream electric motor 5. Consequently, the supply voltage determined by means of the measuring device 8 is not in the critical range.

Liegt ein laufender Elektromotor 5 im Nennbetrieb vor, so sind innerhalb des Motorstarters 1 die ersten Schalter 11,21 geschlossen, die Halbleiterschalter 12,22 elektrisch nicht leitend geschaltet und die zweiten Schalter 13,23 geschlossen. Ein mögliches Abschaltprinzip des dem Motorstarter 1 nachgeschalteten Elektromotors 5 ist es, die Versorgungsspannung des Motorstarters 1 mittels des in den Versorgungsstrang zwischen der Versorgungsquelle 50 und dem Versorgungsanschluss 7 zwischengeschalteten Not-Aus-Schaltgeräts 40 abzuschalten. Hierfür wird das Not-Aus-Schaltgerät 40 betätigt, so dass es mindestens eines seiner Schaltelemente öffnet.If a running electric motor 5 is in nominal operation, the first switches 11, 21 are closed within the motor starter 1, the semiconductor switches 12, 22 are not electrically switched and the second switches 13, 23 are closed. One possible switch-off principle of the electric motor 5 connected downstream of the motor starter 1 is to switch off the supply voltage of the motor starter 1 by means of the emergency stop switching device 40 interposed in the supply line between the supply source 50 and the supply terminal 7. For this purpose, the emergency stop switching device 40 is actuated so that it opens at least one of its switching elements.

Erfolgt eine derartige Betätigung des Not-Aus-Schaltgeräts 40, so liegt über den Versorgungsanschluss 7 keine Spannung an. Die Versorgungsspannung am Versorgungsanschluss 7 fällt somit in den kritischen Bereich. Da die Steuereinheit 2 mittels der Messvorrichtung 8 die über den Versorgungsanschluss 7 erfolgende Energieversorgung überwacht, wird ein derartiger Zustandswechsel bezüglich der über den Versorgungsanschluss 7 erfolgenden Energieversorgung erkannt. Die Steuereinheit 2 führt daraufhin selbständig ein gesteuertes Abschalten des nachgeschalteten Elektromotors 5 durch. Die Energie zur Ausgabe der notwendigen Schaltsignale wird hierbei durch den Energiespeicher 6 sichergestellt. Mittels der im Energiespeicher 6 gepufferten Energie wird folglich weiterhin das Netzteil 19 und hierüber die Steuereinheit 2 mit Energie versorgt.If such an actuation of the emergency stop switchgear 40, there is no voltage across the supply terminal 7. The supply voltage at the supply terminal 7 thus falls within the critical range. Since the control unit 2 monitors the energy supply taking place via the supply connection 7 by means of the measuring device 8, such a state change with respect to the energy supply taking place via the supply connection 7 is recognized. The control unit 2 then automatically performs a controlled shutdown of the downstream electric motor 5. The energy to the issue the necessary switching signals is ensured here by the energy store 6. By means of the energy buffered in the energy store 6, consequently, the power supply unit 19 and, via this, the control unit 2 are also supplied with energy.

Bei dem gesteuerten Abschalten des nachgeschalteten Motors 5 werden durch die Steuereinheit 2 in einem ersten Schritt die Halbleiterschalter 12,22 in den elektrisch leitenden Zustand geschaltet. Die ersten Schalter 11,21 werden weiterhin mittels eines Schaltsignals der Steuereinheit 2 angesteuert, so dass sie in der geschlossenen Stellung verweilen. Funktionsbedingt fallen durch das Wegschalten der Schaltsignale am ersten Relais die zweiten Schalter 13,23 selbsttätig in den geöffneten Zustand. Die Energieversorgung des Elektromotors 5 erfolgt somit weiterhin über den Motorstarter 1. Die notwendige Energie für die auszugebenden Schaltsignale (Halbleiterschalter 12,22 und ersten Schalter 11,21) während des ersten Schritts durch die Steuereinheit 2 wird durch den Energiespeicher 6 bereitgestellt.In the controlled shutdown of the downstream motor 5, the semiconductor switches 12,22 are switched by the control unit 2 in a first step in the electrically conductive state. The first switches 11, 21 are furthermore activated by means of a switching signal of the control unit 2, so that they stay in the closed position. Functionally fall by switching off the switching signals on the first relay, the second switch 13,23 automatically in the open state. The power supply of the electric motor 5 thus continues to take place via the motor starter 1. The necessary energy for the switching signals to be output (semiconductor switch 12, 22 and first switch 11, 21) during the first step by the control unit 2 is provided by the energy store 6.

In einem auf den ersten Schritt folgenden zweiten Schritt werden durch die Steuereinheit 2 die Halbleiterschalter 12,22 im Stromnulldurchgang in den elektrisch nichtleitenden Zustand geschaltet. Es erfolgt somit ein lichtbogenfreies Unterbrechen der Energieversorgung über der ersten und zweiten Strombahn 15,25. Dieser Schaltvorgang erfolgt unmittelbar nachdem sichergestellt ist, dass die zweiten Schalter 13,23 geöffnet sind. Sobald die Energieversorgung über die Halbleiterschalter 12,22 unterbrochen ist, ist die Energieversorgung zum nachgeschalteten Elektromotor 5 unterbrochen. Nachdem sichergestellt ist, dass die Energieversorgung über die Halbleiterschalter 12,22 unterbrochen ist, wird das Schaltsignal vom zweiten Relais und somit von den ersten Schaltern 11,21 weggeschaltet. Funktionsbedingt fallen durch das Wegschalten des Schaltsignals am zweiten Relais die ersten Schalter 11,21 selbsttätig in den geöffneten Zustand. Die ersten Schalter 11,21 werden somit stromlos geöffnet. Die Energie für die auszugebenden Schaltsignale während des zweiten Schritts durch die Steuereinheit 2 wird durch den Energiespeicher 6 bereitgestellt.In a second step following the first step, the control unit 2 switches the semiconductor switches 12, 22 in the current zero crossing into the electrically non-conducting state. There is thus an arc-free interruption of the power supply via the first and second current path 15,25. This switching operation takes place immediately after it has been ensured that the second switches 13, 23 are open. As soon as the power supply via the semiconductor switches 12, 22 is interrupted, the power supply to the downstream electric motor 5 is interrupted. After it is ensured that the power supply via the semiconductor switches 12,22 is interrupted, the switching signal from the second relay and thus of the first switches 11,21 is switched off. Functionally fall by switching off the switching signal on the second relay, the first switch 11,21 automatically in the open state. The first switches 11,21 are thus opened normally. The energy for the Switching signals to be output during the second step by the control unit 2 is provided by the energy store 6.

Durch eine ausreichend bemessene Pufferung der Versorgungsspannung im Energiespeicher 6 und die interne Überwachung der am Versorgungsanschluss 7 anliegenden Versorgungsspannung mittels der Messvorrichtung 8, kann bei dem Abschalten der Versorgungsspannung ein gesteuertes Unterbrechen der Energieversorgung zum nachgeschalteten Elektromotor 5 erfolgen, ohne dass es zu einer Lichtbogenbildung an den Schaltern 11,13,21, 23 kommt. Der Verschleiß des Schaltgeräts 1 kann somit minimiert werden.By adequately dimensioned buffering of the supply voltage in the energy store 6 and the internal monitoring of the voltage applied to the supply terminal 7 supply voltage by means of the measuring device 8, a controlled interruption of the power supply to the downstream electric motor 5 can be done when switching off the supply voltage without causing arcing at the Switches 11,13,21, 23 is coming. The wear of the switching device 1 can thus be minimized.

Sinkt durch Ausfall oder Abschalten der Versorgungsspannung die von der Messvorrichtung 8 erfasste Versorgungsspannung unter eine vorgegebene Schwelle (Referenzwert), so wird durch die Steuereinheit 2 unverzüglich das gesteuerte Abschalten des Elektromotors 5 eingeleitet (Durchführen des ersten und zweiten Schritts). Das gesteuerte Abschalten entspricht vorzugsweise dem Abschaltvorgang, welchen das Schaltgerät 1 bei einem normalen Abschaltvorgang (betriebsmäßiges Abschalten des Elektromotors 5 über Steuereingang) über die Steuereinheit 2 durchführt.Decreases due to failure or shutdown of the supply voltage detected by the measuring device 8 supply voltage below a predetermined threshold (reference value), the controlled shutdown of the electric motor 5 is initiated immediately by the control unit 2 (performing the first and second steps). The controlled switch-off preferably corresponds to the switch-off process, which the switchgear 1 carries out via the control unit 2 in the case of a normal switch-off process (operational deactivation of the electric motor 5 via control input).

Die Pufferung des Energiespeichers 6 ist derart ausgelegt, dass ausreichend Energie zum Ansteuern der Schalter 11,12,13, 21,22,23 bis zum Ende des gesteuerten Abschaltvorgangs zur Verfügung steht. Auf diese Weise kann auch bei einer Notabschaltung ein regulärer Abschaltvorgang durchgeführt werden, ohne die mechanischen Schalter 11,13,21,23 zusätzlich zu belasten. Es erfolgt somit ein verschleißfreies Abschalten bei einem Nothalt, der durch Abschalten der Versorgungsspannung realisiert ist. Durch den gesteuerten Abschaltvorgang über verschleißfreie Halbleiterschalter 12,22 und die Pufferung der Versorgungsspannung für die Dauer des gesteuerten Abschaltvorganges kann eine deutlich erhöhte Lebensdauer der mechanischen Schalter 11,13,21,23 und damit des gesamten Schaltgerätes 1 erreicht werden.The buffering of the energy store 6 is designed such that sufficient energy is available for driving the switches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23 until the end of the controlled switch-off process. In this way, even with an emergency shutdown a regular shutdown can be performed without burdening the mechanical switches 11,13,21,23 in addition. There is thus a wear-free shutdown in an emergency stop, which is realized by switching off the supply voltage. Due to the controlled shutdown via wear-resistant semiconductor switches 12,22 and the buffering of the supply voltage for the duration of the controlled shutdown can significantly increase the life of mechanical switch 11,13,21,23 and thus the entire switching device 1 can be achieved.

Dadurch, dass mittels des Energiespeichers 6 die Energiepufferung auf der Primärseite des Netzteils 19 (zum Versorgungsanschluss 7 gerichtet) erfolgt, kann bei einem Spannungseinbruch am Versorgungsanschluss 7 die Sekundärseite des Netzteils 19 ihren Spannungspegel bis zu einem gewissen Zeitpunkt konstant halten. Auf diese Weise kann die Abschaltung dauerhaft auf einem konstanten Spannungsniveau durchgeführt werden. Der Spannungseinbruch auf der Sekundärseite tritt vorzugsweise erst nach der Beendigung der gesteuerten Abschaltsequenz (erster und zweiter Schritt) auf. Dadurch, dass der Energiespeicher 6 auf der Primärseite angeordnet ist, kann im Vergleich zu einer Anordnung des Energiespeichers 6 auf der Sekundärseite des Netzteils 19 ein Spannungsabfall am Versorgungsanschluss 7 und somit der kritische Bereich schneller detektiert werden, so dass die gesteuerte Abschaltsequenz früher eingeleitet werden kann. Die Notabschaltung wird somit frühzeitiger eingeleitet. Die Zuverlässigkeit des Systems wird hierdurch verbessert.Characterized in that by means of the energy storage 6, the energy buffering on the primary side of the power supply 19 (directed to the supply terminal 7) takes place at a voltage dip at the supply terminal 7, the secondary side of the power supply 19 keep its voltage level constant until a certain time. In this way, the shutdown can be performed permanently at a constant voltage level. The voltage drop on the secondary side preferably occurs only after the completion of the controlled shutdown sequence (first and second step). Characterized in that the energy storage 6 is arranged on the primary side, compared to an arrangement of the energy storage device 6 on the secondary side of the power supply 19, a voltage drop at the supply terminal 7 and thus the critical area can be detected faster, so that the controlled shutdown sequence can be initiated earlier , The emergency shutdown is thus initiated earlier. The reliability of the system is thereby improved.

Vorzugsweise wird bei einem Eintritt in den kritischen Bereich mittels der gepufferten Energie des Energiespeichers 6 ferner eine Diagnosemeldung (z.B. Meldung der regulären Abschaltung) über ein Kommunikationsmittel des Schaltgerätes 1 an ein mit dem Schaltgerät verbundene Geräteeinheit (z.B. eine übergeordnete Steuerung) abgesetzt.Preferably, upon entry into the critical area by means of the buffered energy of the energy store 6, a diagnostic message (e.g., regular shutdown notification) is also sent via communication means of the switching device 1 to a device unit (e.g., a higher level controller) connected to the switching device.

Claims (9)

  1. Switching device (1) comprising a control unit (2), a power supply connection (7), a power supply unit (19) and a first current path (15) connected to a power supply network (9), which comprises a first electromechanical switch (11) and a parallel circuit of a second electromechanical switch (13) with a semiconductor switch (12) connected in series to the first switch (11), wherein the control unit (2) is able to emit a switching signal for the first switch (11), the second switch (13) and the semiconductor switch (12), wherein the power supply connection (7) is connected to the power supply unit (19) and the control unit (2) obtains via the power supply unit (19) the energy for the switching signals, characterised in that
    the switching device (1) comprises an energy store (6) and a measuring device (8) connected to the control unit (2), wherein the energy store (6) is connected in series between the power supply connection (7) and the power supply unit (19) so that, by means of the energy store (6), energy supplied to the switching device (1) via the power supply connection (7) is buffered by the power supply source (50) on the inside of the device, wherein the control unit (2) is able to monitor by means of the measuring device (8) the energy supplied to the switching device via the power supply connection (7) in the region between the power supply connection (7) and the power supply unit (19), wherein the control unit (2) is configured such that if the energy supply monitored by means of the measuring device falls into a critical range, and using the energy from the energy store (6), said control unit
    - in a first step switches the semiconductor switch (12) to an electrically conductive state and then opens the second switch (13), and
    - after the first step, in a second step switches the semiconductor switch (12) to an electrically non-conductive state and then opens the first switch (11).
  2. Switching device according to claim 1, wherein the energy store (6) may be charged up via the power supply connection (7) .
  3. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy store (6) is configured such that it ensures the emission of the required switching signals for the first and second steps.
  4. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the switching device comprises a second measuring device (60) which is connected to the control unit (2), wherein by means of the second measuring device (8) the control unit (2) is able to monitor the energy supplied via the power supply connection (7) in the region between the power supply unit (19) and the control unit (2).
  5. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the switching device comprises a second current path (25) which comprises a first electromechanical switch (21) and a parallel circuit of a second electromechanical switch (23) with a semiconductor switch (22) connected in series to the first switch (21), wherein the control unit (2) may emit a switching signal for the first switch (21), the second switch (23) and the semiconductor switch (22) of the second current path (25), wherein the control unit (2) is configured such that if the energy supply monitored by means of the measuring device (8) falls into a critical range, and using the energy of the energy store (6), said control unit:
    - in a first step switches the semiconductor switch (22) of the second current path (25) to an electrically conductive state and then opens the second switch (23) of the second current path (25), and
    - after the first step, in a second step switches the semiconductor switch (22) of the second current path (25) to an electrically non-conductive state and then opens the first switch (21) of the second current path (25).
  6. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit (2) is configured such that in the second step it switches the semiconductor switch (12, 22) in the current zero transition of the energy supplied thereby to the electrically non-conductive state.
  7. System for the safe operation of an electric motor (5) comprising a switching device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, and a switching device (40), wherein the switching device (40) is connected in series in the supply section of the power supply source (50) to the power supply connection (7) of the switching device (1) such that, by an actuation of the switching device (40), energy supplied by the power supply source (50) to the switching device (1) is interrupted.
  8. Method for a switching device (1) which comprises a control unit (2), a power supply connection (7), a power supply unit and a first current path (15) connected to a power supply network (9), wherein the first current path (15) comprises a first electromechanical switch (11) and a parallel circuit of a second electromechanical switch (13) with a semiconductor switch (12) connected in series to the first switch (11), wherein the control unit (2) may emit a switching signal for the first switch (11), the second switch (13) and the semiconductor switch (12), wherein the power supply connection (7) is connected to the power supply unit (19) and the control unit (2) obtains via the power supply unit (19) the energy for the switching signals,
    characterised in that
    the switching device (1) comprises an energy store (6) and a measuring device (8) connected to the control unit (2), wherein the energy store (6) is connected in series between the power supply connection (7) and the power supply unit (19) so that, by means of the energy store (6), the energy supplied to the switching device (1) via the power supply connection (7) is buffered by the power supply source (50) on the inside of the device, wherein the control unit (2) by means of the measuring device (8) monitors the energy supplied to the switching device via the power supply connection (7) in the region between the power supply connection (7) and the power supply unit (19), wherein if the energy supply monitored by means of the measuring device (8) falls into a critical range, and using the energy of the energy store (6), the control unit (2) :
    - in a first step switches the semiconductor switch (12) to an electrically conductive state and then opens the second switch (13), and
    - after the first step, in a second step switches the semiconductor switch (12) to an electrically non-conductive state and then opens the first switch (11).
  9. Method for the switching device (1) according to claim 8, wherein the control unit (2) in the second step switches the semiconductor switch (12, 22) in the current zero transition, of the energy supplied thereby, to the electrically non-conductive state.
EP12798202.3A 2012-11-19 2012-11-19 Switching apparatus for controlling the energy supply to a downstream connected electrical motor Active EP2898521B2 (en)

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PCT/EP2012/072989 WO2014075743A1 (en) 2012-11-19 2012-11-19 Switching device for controlling energy supply of a downstream electric motor

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EP2898521B1 true EP2898521B1 (en) 2017-06-28
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CN104781898A (en) 2015-07-15
US20150349518A1 (en) 2015-12-03
CN104781898B (en) 2017-05-10
WO2014075743A1 (en) 2014-05-22
EP2898521A1 (en) 2015-07-29
EP2898521B2 (en) 2021-10-13
US9509132B2 (en) 2016-11-29

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