EP0776306B1 - Vehicle for collecting, transporting and discharging refuse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a refuse-collection vehicle on which a replaceable container (5) is detachably mounted by suitable means so that it can be moved out to the rear. The actual discharge mechanism consists of two pillars (7), each containing a vertically moving motor-driven carriage on which a lifting and tipping device is mounted. Mounted on each side of the vehicle chassis is a first hinge (41) to which an essentially horizontal arm is attached so that it can pivot, the other end of the arm carrying another hinge (44) to which the pillar (7) is attached so that it can pivot. This design allows the pillars to pivot to an extent such that the rear end of the vehicle is freed to permit the exchange of the container (5), without the need to remove any parts of the vehicle, or to permit the vehicle to dock with a rubbish-discharge bunker if required for the type of container (5) used. Dustbins and refuse containers are loaded on to the vehicle and tipped up automatically by means fitted to the lifting and tipping device, these operations being controlled by a processor fitted inside the vehicle.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for collecting, Emptying and transporting garbage according to the generic term of claim 1.

Devices related to swap bodies some are known, for example from EP-A1-0 588 033, EP-B1-0 467 836 and brochures from RIES waste disposal systems GmbH, D7520 Bruchsal (Ries) and LOTUS International b.v., NL-8250 AB Dronten (Lotus). What they have in common is that the garbage collection and transport vehicle is broken down into system components according to the two tasks to be accomplished: Collecting rubbish from door to door, transporting the collected waste over long distances to landfills or On the other hand, waste incineration facilities.

The technical teaching of weighing on the one hand and the structure of the device is conveyed, for example, by the following publications:
EP 0 515 659 and EP 0 521 847 A2 with regard to weighing devices, DE 41 02064 A1 with regard to a lifting and tilting device, and DE 40 18520 A1 with regard to a system for recording and processing data which are collected when waste is collected.

• Fahrzeug
• Mülltransportbehälter (Hauptteil des Aufbaus),
• Kipp-Einheit, allenfalls kombiniert mit einer Wäge- und Identifikationseinrichtung (sog. Schüttung),
• Müllverdichtungspresse.

According to the state of the art, a waste collection and transport vehicle - considered as a system - is divided into the following sub-systems:

• vehicle
• Garbage transport container (main part of the body),
• Tilting unit, possibly combined with a weighing and identification device (so-called bulk),
• Garbage compactor.

According to EP-A1-0 588 033, the filling with the compression press summarized in one unit. Is this from Vehicle uncoupled, which is proposed in EP-A1-0 588 033 the bare garbage container remains on the vehicle, who either transports on this vehicle, or on another, possibly a rail vehicle, to Transport over long distances, can be reloaded. In addition is proposed the unit, comprising bulk and Garbage compaction, separate from the vehicle and on a hydraulic to lower the frame to be operated.

Bulk, compaction device and waste transport container remain in Ries coupled and are as a whole from Vehicle separated.

According to Lotus, the filling will be - on targeted waste compaction is dispensed with - tipped backwards, causing the The container is pushed backwards from the vehicle onto a steel trestle and can be stored temporarily.

EP-A1-0 588 033 and Lotus have the disadvantage that after removal of the fill - including the compaction device - The garbage container is an open one Has rear wall, on which now a cover according to the invention is put on. This fact leads almost inevitably to the fact that garbage falls out when the fill is removed must be manually loaded again. Both of the above Devices, it is also inherent in the system that the Carrier driver performing a docking maneuver in reverse must, either to recouple the bed, or to an empty garbage transport container lying on the said steel trestle record a maneuver that the driver do not carry out alone for technical or safety reasons can. When completely decoupling the bed also the power lines (hydraulic and electrical) too disconnect and reconnect when docking.

The disadvantage of Ries is that together with the Waste transport containers also the bulk - in terms of investment the most important part of the vehicle body - unloaded and out of service during the subsequent long-distance transport is taken.

The device known from EP-B1-0 467 836 does correct some of the shortcomings mentioned, however new problems arise by swinging the entire bed away to one side is, in particular in that the pressing plant part of the fill, and it is therefore weighty and wide becomes.

Furthermore, the well-known - fill - lift tilt or Emptying systems in general actual single-purpose solutions, in the sense that for a particular refuse collection vehicle, a certain type of container and a certain one Emptying method a specific emptying device is created. This has the advantage that the narrowed Solution can be designed optimally, at the same time but the disadvantage that only limited to all events and Waste collection requirements.

Garbage is provided in large steel or plastic containers of several hundred liters, in small Plastic containers, in rubbish bags and in the form of bulky goods. None of the previously known fillings is suitable for the processing of all of the aforementioned forms of provision of garbage without having to make any modifications Need to become. The garbage collected is also increasing weighed so that weighing equipment must be available for at least the garbage provided in solid containers. To an automatic weighing device is almost indispensable Identification system.

Among the known devices for weighing and emptying Garbage and to identify the owner of the garbage container is not one that has all the flexibility requirements, Can satisfy efficiency and reliability.

The object to be achieved with the present invention is to create a garbage collection and transport device with interchangeable garbage container that the overcomes the disadvantages mentioned, practical and robust in operation and their costs are those of a refuse collection vehicle Without replaceable garbage container, not or only insignificantly exceeds. Included in this task is the creation of a garbage disposal device with which all common forms of providing garbage without conversion the device can be managed with which the Net mass of garbage in containers can be determined and which is suitable with different identification systems to work.

The solution to the problem is given in the characterizing Part of claim 1 with regard to their Main features, in claims 2 to 20 with respect further advantageous training.

Fig. 1

Ein erfindungsgemässes Müllsammelfahrzeug in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 2

das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Müllsammelfahrzeug von hinten gesehen,

Fig. 3

ein erfindungsgemässes Müllsammelfahrzeug beim Leeren eines Kehrichtbehälters im Seitenriss,

Fig. 4

ein erfindungsgemässes Müllsammelfahrzeug beim Leeren eines Grosskontainers,

Fig. 5

ein erstes Ablaufdiagramm,

Fig. 6

ein zweites Ablaufdiagramm,

Fig. 7

das erfindungsgemässe Müllsammelfahrzeug mit der weggeklappten Schüttung, von oben gesehen,

Fig. 8

das erfindungsgemässe Müllsammelfahrzeug mit der weggeklappten Schüttung, von hinten gesehen,

Fig. 9

einen Längsschnitt durch einen Wechselbehälter,

Fig. 10

ein erfindungsgemässes Detail der Schüttung in Perspektive,

Fig. 11

den Gegenstand von Fig. 10 in Arbeitsstellung.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it

Fig. 1

A waste collection vehicle according to the invention in side view,

Fig. 2

seen the garbage collection vehicle shown in Fig. 1 from behind,

Fig. 3

a refuse collection vehicle according to the invention when emptying a rubbish bin in the side view,

Fig. 4

a refuse collection vehicle according to the invention when emptying a large container,

Fig. 5

a first flow diagram,

Fig. 6

a second flow chart,

Fig. 7

the refuse collection vehicle according to the invention with the dump folded away, seen from above,

Fig. 8

the refuse collection vehicle according to the invention with the dump folded away, seen from behind,

Fig. 9

a longitudinal section through an interchangeable container,

Fig. 10

a detail of the bed according to the invention in perspective,

Fig. 11

10 in the working position.

In Fig. 1, a garbage collection and transport vehicle is strong schematized from the side, shown in Fig. 2 from behind with the essential features of the invention. With the Number 1 is the actual vehicle called frame 2, wheels 3 and driver's cabin 4. The vehicle carries one Swap body 5, which is detachably connected to the frame 2.

At the rear end of the frame 2, an extension on each side 9 has downward, the bed 6 consisting of two towers 7 and a lifting and tilting device 8 on each of the towers 7.

The two lifting and tilting devices 8 are each from a carriage 12 worn, each vertically movable in one of the towers 7 are. The two extensions 9 of the frame each carry one Part of an articulated hinge 11; the other parts of the hinge 11 are attached to the towers 7 below. With the number 10 denotes a locking device, with which a tower 7 interlocks with the swap body 5 can be done with means that are common in mechanical engineering.

The actuation of the locking devices 10 can either done mechanically or hydraulically. They are also for this Means known per se.

As the two mentioned lift-tilt devices 8 - apart of their mirror image - are identical, the description can be limited to a single one.

The single lifting and tilting device 8 carries three, for example Pins 21, which in their entirety form the lifting comb 22.

The pins 21 are arranged so that they are common today and standardized rubbish bins - designated by 14 in FIG. 3 - can be lifted off. It also consists of a holding and holding device 13 for large containers 16, which is pivotally arranged on the lift-tilt device 8 and - if a large container 16 is to be emptied - can be unfolded; the large container 16 is then how shown in detail in Fig. 4, between the unfolded Receiving and holding devices 13 in the lifting and tilting device 8 retracted and locked.

If a refuse container 14 is hooked on the pin 21, so lowers, either manually or automatically, a retaining edge 15, for example according to EP 93920640.5 the edge of the rubbish bin 14. On the lifting and tilting device 8 is also attached a stop 17, the one hand ensures the correct position of the waste bin 14, on the other hand serves as an impact protection for an electronic identification system 18, further includes a presence sensor a waste bin 14.

3 and 4 are illustrations of the use of the inventive Device for emptying normal rubbish bins 14 by means of the lifting comb 22 (FIG. 3) and Large containers 16 by means of the swing-out holding devices 13 (Fig. 4).

Each of the two carriages 12 has a weighing device 19, to which the lifting comb 22, the holding device 13 and the for example, hydraulically operated holding edge 15 is mounted are.

Since such weighing devices basically only the vertical component to determine the load is the waste collection vehicle 1 equipped with an inclination measuring device 23, the attached at a suitable location, the inclination of the vehicle body, and thus that of the towers 7, determined. That in itself electronically determined weight is then in the same - not illustrated calculator - to indicate the inclination in known Way corrected. The process of emptying a rubbish bin 14 or large container 16 can be based on 3, 4 and 6 are followed: The waste bin 14 is on his own wheels to the waste collection vehicle 1 moved up to the stop 17. This is for example so equipped that the force exerted by the waste bin 14 is exercised on him, a built in the stop 17 Sensor (not shown) actuated.

• An jeder der Hub-Kipp-Vorrichtungen 8 ein bereits genannter Anschlag 17 mit eingebautem Schalter zur Feststellung, ob ein Kehrichtbehälter 14 vorhanden ist,
• ein Endschalter an jeder der Schranken 24, zur Feststellung ihrer ausgeschwenkten, also im wesentlichen parallel zur Fahrtrichtung des Müll-Samelfahrzeugs 1 verlaufenden Stellung, der Arbeitsstellung,
• die STOP-Schalter, die, zusammen mit dem AUF- und AB-Tasten, beispielsweise an den genannten Schranken 24 angebracht sind, zur aktiven Unterbrechung eines fehlerhaft oder gefährlich verlaufenden Vorgangs.

On both sides of the vehicle, three actuation buttons, which are labeled with UP, DOWN, STOP, are attached at locations suitable for the operator or operators, for example at two barriers 24 which can be folded out on both sides of the lifting and tilting device 8. Apart from basic settings, which are only to be made in the driver's cab 4 on the computer installed there, the entire refuse emptying operation can be controlled using these three buttons. Participating in the otherwise automatic operation are several switches or, more broadly, position sensors, which are described below:

• On each of the lifting and tilting devices 8, an abovementioned stop 17 with a built-in switch for determining whether a waste bin 14 is present,
• a limit switch at each of the barriers 24, to determine their swiveled-out position, ie the working position, which essentially runs parallel to the direction of travel of the refuse collection vehicle 1,
• the STOP switches, which, together with the UP and DOWN keys, are attached, for example, to the barriers 24 mentioned, for actively interrupting a faulty or dangerous process.

All the switches or sensors mentioned interrupt the The semi or fully automatic process described below Operations in any situation, provided - through the system or the operator - an improper operating state is detected.

5 now shows the flow diagram for the emptying process a rubbish bin 14 attached to one of the lifting and tipping devices 8 is started; Fig. 6 that for large containers 16.

Each of the two beds 6 can be independent of the other work. This is the case when small rubbish bins 14 or - as shown later - garbage bags should be emptied. If, on the other hand, large containers 16 are to be emptied, see above work both beds 6 coupled. The one shown in Fig. 5 The flow chart therefore applies to both, but independently working fillings, that according to Fig. 6 on the coupled.

With the number 101 is the initialization function of the control computer designated. The lifting and tilting device 8 has two possible initial positions: "high" and "low", the Position "high" also the driving position for the sweeping vehicle 1 is. The operator determines the decision function whether the lift-tilt device 8 is in position is "high" or "low"; if it is "deep", it places the waste bin 14 to the stop 17. Is the lifting and tilting device 8 in the "high" position, so press the DOWN key manually lowered on the barrier 24 to the "low" position. If the rubbish bin 14 is at the stop 17, it will a - not shown - switch or another position sensor operated; a decision function 103 is checked this and releases the lift-tilt device 8 for opening up to the so-called weighing window. Is the rubbish bin 14 not positioned correctly, the system function is waiting 104 - on a correction. The weighing window is a Part of the stroke of the lift-tilt device 8, if possible is passed through uniformly, while a predetermined Number of weighings can be carried out, provided that weighing is preset is. The lifting and tilting device 8 moves to the weighing window, whereupon the rubbish bin 14 by means of the retaining edge 15 is locked - function 105. Sensors are used to determine whether the lock has taken place or whether the waste bin 14 possibly crooked or otherwise not tidy hangs. Is this check shown in function 106 negative, so the car 12 stops and then has to by pressing the DOWN key back to the "low" starting position be lowered. However, if the above check is positive, the sequence thus ends in a function 108 which only indicates the completion of the charging phase.

It can be preset on the computer whether the garbage is closed be weighed and whether the waste bin 14 or large container 16 should be identified. If weighing is not provided - function 107 - the weighing window is then moved through quickly (Function 110) since a decision function 109 the Question "Weighing" answered negatively. Will this question - through Function 107 conditionally - answered positively, so in a function 111 slowly move through the weighing window until a preset, sufficiently large number of coinciding Weighing is available. If this does not succeed within the weighing window, so a decision function 112 answers the Question "gross" negative, car 12 stops (function 113), until the weighing has taken place, whereupon in a function 114 the Gross result is saved.

A function 115 can also be preset on the computer, whether the waste bin 14 should be identified. If this is not the case, the instruction path leads along the "No" of a function 116 directly to the command "tilt, empty" (function 117); should be identified , the "yes" of function 116 leads to a another decision function 118, which determines whether the Rubbish bin 14 is now identified. If the determination is negative the carriage 12 travels with the garbage container not emptied 14 quickly through the weighing window (Function 119), the lock is opened (function 120), the waste bin 14 is parked and the car is back in the charging position (function 121). At the same time the gross value is deleted in function 114.

However, if the identification is successful, then the Address saved (function 122) and the rubbish bin 14 can be tilted (function 117). Then in a function 123 checks again whether weighing should be carried out. in the in the negative case, the flow branches over the functions 119, 120, 121. In the positive case, the weighing window appears again Drive through slowly (function 124) for a reliable one Get tare value. If this does not succeed (function 125), stopped in a function 126 analogous to function 113 and weighed, after which in the computer in a function 127 the difference value Net = gross tare formed and in one function 128 is saved. The rest of the procedure is via the functions 120, 121, after which the device for receiving a new rubbish bin 14 is ready.

6 shows the process of emptying for large containers 16, in which both lifting and tipping devices 8 are used coupled come. Function 101 shows the initialization again of the tax calculator. Are the two lifting and tilting devices 8 in the "deep" loading position, you must press the The UP button must first be moved to the "up" position (Decision function 130).

Large containers 16 can both in the pivoted holding devices 13, as well as on both lifting combs 22 together be hung up. If the holding devices 13 are used, so their swiveling out via sensors (e.g. limit switches) the interconnection of both weighing devices. Should a large container 16, however, carried by both lifting combs appropriate sensors ensure - for example in the two attacks 17 in coincidence - for this mode of action. A decision function 131 is from the operator to answer, either by pivoting the holding device 13 or the approach of the large container 16 both stops 17. Both the pivoting of the holding devices 13 and moving up to both stops 17 - or corresponding sensors - causes 133 in a function the interconnection of the load cells or the addition of them Results, both gross and tare. Then must manually press the UP button. Before reaching the The large container 16 is locked in the weighing window, either in the holding device 13 or via the holding edges 15 (Function 134). A function 135 checks this locking, after which in the negative case the interconnected cars Stop 12 (function 136) and the large container 16 manually must be shut down. In the positive case, the process goes to function 108 of FIG. 5. The subsequent sequence is the same as that of FIG. 5.

In Fig. 7 the device according to the invention is in plan shown in Fig. 8 from behind in the direction of travel of the refuse collection vehicle 1. In particular, the mode of operation of the in the description of Fig. 3 hinge 11 device part to explain. The hinge 11, the Extension 9 is struck, consists of one located on extension 9 Hinge joint 41, which has a horizontal arm 42 carries, the other end repeated with a second Hinge joint 44 is equipped. The latter carries the Tower 7 with lifting and tilting device 8 and a running board 43.

The footboard 43 can be folded up and is therefore not shown in FIG. 8 visible. Fig. 7 shows two positions of the towers 7 and associated lifting and tipping device 8, pulled out the Working position, dashed the unfolded. In the unfolded Position, the swap body 5 is free to the rear and can be extended to the rear, as indicated by dashed lines.

The two towers 7 are in the garbage collection mode with the frame 2 and / or the interchangeable container 5 is locked. Should be a full one Swap body 5 unloaded - and for example by a empty are replaced - so the two towers 7 unlocked and, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, around the hinge 11 swung out to the side. So it is possible the swap body 5 either with the vehicle's own Operated by means or operated from the outside to extend to the rear.

The swap body 5 has brackets on its underside 27 on, for example with rails built according to the ACTS standard 28 are engaged. With known - not drawn - The swap body 5 can be locked on the rails 28 become. After releasing this lock, the swap body is 5 extendable to the rear. Should this be done with the vehicle's own Means happen, so the vehicle 1 its frame 2 a hydraulically operated one, for example Chain drive on with a chain 30 that runs lengthways under the Swap body passes through. The chain 30 has a moving - Not shown - pawl with the swap body 5 is engaged, with which this optionally after can be moved back or forward, as such is known.

Should the loading or unloading of the swap body 5 with external funds take place, is at the back of the swap body 5 Hook 31 attached, which can accommodate both train and is also suitable for compressive forces.

In the present invention, it is particularly advantageous that 5 can be used as swap bodies, which are also used as stationary waste collection facilities find and are manufactured and offered by the applicant. So there are no expensive special costs required.

9 is a suitable one for the device according to the invention Swap body 5 shown in the sense of an example in a vertical longitudinal section. It is structured into a storage space 45 and a loading space 46. In the loading space 46 is a blade 47 slidably mounted with two Hydraulic cylinders 48 can be operated and thus the in the loading space 46 dumped garbage into the storage space 45 pushes and compresses it. Are above the blade 47 several sliding and telescopic in horizontal grooves mutually engaging angle plates 49 are arranged, which then cover the space behind that of blade 47 when it is pressed, but release it when it is fully withdrawn.

The swap body 5 is closed at the front by a gate 50, that, for example, above two bearing journals 51 is pivotable and lockable at the bottom.

In the garbage collection operation, the bucket 47 - automatically or in manual mode - periodically operated hydraulically to the loading area 46 to empty and the 45 located in the storage space Compacting garbage. The shovel closes during transport 47 the storage space 45 tightly. The loading space 46 is located at the top an insertion opening 52, which is closed with a lid 53 can be. Instead of the drawn, foldable, Lid 53 is also a horizontally movable sliding lid possible.

Instead of the swap body 5 shown as an example are also differently shaped and equipped swap bodies conceivable and possible. The main features only exist from the overhead opening 52 and the brackets 27, with - for example standardized - rails 28 are in releasable engagement. Such swap bodies are on known.

With this device according to the invention, in particular with the use of said swap bodies 5 is accompanied by that the so-called loading edge, i.e. the rear edge of the receptacle, here the swap body 5 is so high, that it is impossible to manually dispose of individual rubbish bags to invite or to throw. Therefore the bed 6 is supplemented by a conveyor for rubbish bags, as in 10 and 11 are shown.

Below the lifting comb 22 formed by the pins 21 is a hinged, substantially U-shaped bracket 32 on two joints 33 provided with ratchets 35 struck so that he, against the resistance of the ratchets 35, from the vertical pivoted downward position in the horizontal can be. This assumes that the admission and Holding device 13 for large containers 16 previously unfolded becomes. On the bracket made of tubular steel, for example 32 a plurality of straps 34 are attached in such a way that the for example made of textile-reinforced plastic Bands 34 are also fixed to each other and thereby one Form basket 36. The rear wall of the basket 36 thus formed is the lifting and tilting device 8. Instead of the belt 34 Basket 36 can also be a preferably made of textile Existing plastic, easy to open and close, kick bag-like container, like the tapes 34th is attached to the bracket 32 and the lifting and tilting device 8.

With the additional equipment shown in Figs. 10 and 11 it is possible, even with the loading sill lying high according to the invention, Garbage bags invite now instead of directly to be thrown, placed in the basket 36 and raised therein and dumped.

Essential to the invention in that described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11 The device is the presence of a fold-out Container on the bed 6 for receiving garbage bags, however, when folded, the emptying operation of rubbish bins 14 or large containers 16 not impaired.

Unfolding the bracket 32, which of - not shown - Sensors is recorded, for example, sets the according 5, 6 described automatic processes out of operation. The baskets 36 are therefore opened and tilted, for example manually controlled via the UP buttons.

Claims (20)

1. A device for the collection, emptying and transportation of refuse, comprising a vehicle (1) with a frame (2), an exchangeable container (5) lying on the frame (2) and removably connected to it, with high loading sides and a tipper (6), characterised in that

   the tipper (6) comprises two essentially vertical towers (7) fastened independently of each other to the frame (2) of the vehicle (1), whereby in each of the towers (7) a carrier (12) is arranged which can be moved vertically by motorised means and which carries a lift- tilt mechanism (8), which inter alia comprises several teeth (21) forming a lifting comb (22), a holding edge (15) for a refuse container (14), and in each case the half of a take-up and holding device (13) for large containers (16),

   the frame (2) of the vehicle (1) has on each side at the rear end a downwards extension (9) each of which carries on the one side a hinge joint fitting (11), the other sides of the above mentioned hinge joint fitting (11) are each positioned on one of the towers (7), the two towers (7), each has a locking device (10), with the aid of which they can be individually locked to the exchangeable container (5), whereby the towers (7), pivoting on the hinge joint fittings (11), fully free the rear side of the vehicle (1), when pivoted out,

   each of the lift-tilt mechanisms (8) is equipped with a device for weighing the refuse and a device for the identification of the refuse container (14) and large container (16),

   a computer is present for controlling and storing the weighings, for the processing and storage of the identifications and to control the progress of the operation of the tippers, which thereby run at least partly automatically.
2. A device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the two lift-tilt mechanisms (8) can be locked together for the emptying of large containers (16).
3. A device according to Claim 2, characterised in that the locking of the two lift-tilt mechanisms (8) can be undertaken by coupling the hydraulic drives.
4. A device according to Claim 2, characterised in that the locking can be undertaken by mechanical means.
5. A device according to Claim 1, characterised in that each of the hinge joint fittings (11) on the extension (9) comprises a first hinge joint (41) on the vehicle side and a second hinge joint (44) on the tower side, that further the two hinge joints (41, 44) are connected by an essentially horizontal arm (42), whereby each of the two towers (7), independently of each other, can be pivoted out each on one side of the refuse collection vehicle (1), whereby the rear side of the refuse collection vehicle (1) is free on the one hand for the exchange of the exchangeable container (5) or for docking onto a refuse bunker.
6. A device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the motorised means for moving the carrier (12) vertically in the towers (7), comprises in each case a circulating chain, to which the carrier (12) is fastened on one side, and which chains are each driven by a hydraulic motor.
7. A device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the motorised means for moving the carrier (12) vertically in the towers (7) comprise in each case a telescopic hydraulic cylinder in each tower (7).
8. A device according to Claim 1, characterised in that

   an inclination measuring instrument (23) is present at a suitable position in the vehicle construction, with which the angular deviation of the vehicle can be ascertained and applied in the computer for the correction of the weighing results,

   switching means are present for the automatic operation of the device,

   control means are present for manual operation and for the initiation of automatic operation of the device.
9. A device according to Claim 8, characterised in that the control means comprise on the one hand individual UP, DOWN, STOP push buttons, whereby the UP button controls the process in the direction of the regular emptying process, the DOWN button controls the process in the opposite direction and the STOP button immediately interrupts any movement of the lift-tilt mechanism (8), and on the other hand sensors in stops (17) and in the holding devices (13) for large containers (16) and in casings (24) applied to the side of the refuse collection vehicle (1).
10. A device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the frame (2) of the refuse collection vehicle (1) is equipped with rails (28), which are in engagement with holders (27) applied to the exchangeable container (5), and can be locked onto them and further has means whereby the exchangeable container can be moved longitudinally using the motorised means of the refuse collection vehicle (1).
11. A device according to Claim 10, characterised in that the frame (2) of the refuse collection vehicle (1) has a hydraulically driven chain (30), provided with a latch, on its longitudinal axis, whereby the latch is in engagement with the exchangeable container (5), which, in accordance with the direction of movement of the chain (30) can travel on the rails (28) to the rear or to the front, thereby thus can be loaded or unloaded.
12. A device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the computer available in the refuse collection vehicle (1) regulates and controls the emptying process of refuse containers (14) in the following manner:

    each lift-tilt mechanism is independent from the other as regards control and regulation,

    the approach of a refuse container (14) onto the stop (17) starts the upwards travel of the corresponding carrier (12) and the subsequent locking of the refuse container (14) by means of the holding edge (15),

    a first decision function (106) examines the locking, following which in the negative case the carrier (12) stops and can be brought back manually by pressing the DOWN button,

    the carrier (12) passes through the weighing window up to the upper end of the tower (7), the refuse container (14) is tipped out, then the weighing window is again passed through in the downwards travel,

    the locking is opened and the carrier (12) travels back into the loading position and puts the refuse container (14) onto the ground.
13. A device according to Claim 12, characterised in that on presetting the command "Weigh" in the computer

    the weighing window is slowly passed through, until a sufficient number of comparable gross weighings is present,

    the computer establishes this in a decision function (112), whereafter

    in the negative case the carrier (12) is halted and the weighing supplemented at a standstill,

    in the positive case the carrier (12) travels up completely,

    following the emptying of the refuse container (14) the weighing window is again slowly traversed, until a sufficient number of comparable tare weighings is present,

    the computer establishes this in a decision function (125), whereafter

    in the negative case the carrier (12) is halted and the weighings supplemented at a standstill,

    in the positive case the carrier (12) travels down completely,

    the computer calculates the difference Gross-Tare = Nett and stores the result.
14. A device according to Claims 12 and 13, characterised in that on presetting the command "Identify", the computer, following the storage of the gross result, using the available means of identification

    undertakes the identification, then tests in a decision function (118), whether the refuse container (14) has been identified,

    in the negative case interrupts the entire emptying process and puts the unidentified, and still full refuse container (14) down again and erases the stored gross result,

    in the positive case, stores the identification and after calculating the gross result, allocates this to it.
15. A device according to Claim 1, characterised in that sensors are present on the holding devices (13) for large containers (16), which, when the holding devices (13) are hinged out, cause, via the computer, the two lift-tilt mechanisms (8) to become hydraulically coupled together and the results of the weighing devices (19) are summed in the computer.
16. A device according to Claims 12 to 15, characterised in that the locking is undertaken by suitable means on the holding devices (13).
17. A device according to Claim 9, characterised in that the sensors coupled to the stops (17) when activated together by a large container (16) cause via the computer the two lift-tilt mechanisms (8) to be coupled together hydraulically and the results of the weighing devices (19) to be summed in the computer.
18. A device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the lift-tilt mechanism (8) has, below the pin (21), forming the lifting pawl, an opening and closing holder for the acceptance of refuse sacks.
19. A device according to Claim 18, characterised in that

    the opening and closing holder comprises in that the lift-tilt mechanism (8) carries below the pin (21), forming the lifting pawl, two hinge joints (33) provided with ratchets (35), onto which an essentially U-shaped stirrup (32) is pivoted,

    the stirrup (32) carries an easily opening and closing purse shaped container, which is additionally fastened to the lift-tilt mechanism (8),

    the stirrup (32) can be pivoted downwards to the vertical position against the resistance of the ratchet (35) andthen does not hinder the operation of emptying the refuse containers,

    the stirrup (32) can be opened upwards to the horizontal position against the resistance of the ratchet (35) and is then suited for refuse sacks to be thrown into it.
20. A device according to Claim 19, characterised in that the easily opened and closed purse-shaped container comprises bands (34), which are joined together with the stirrup (32) and the lift-tilt mechanism (8) and thus form a basket (36).

Images