EP0706747A1 - Surface heating element - Google Patents

Surface heating element

Info

Publication number
EP0706747A1
EP0706747A1 EP94918880A EP94918880A EP0706747A1 EP 0706747 A1 EP0706747 A1 EP 0706747A1 EP 94918880 A EP94918880 A EP 94918880A EP 94918880 A EP94918880 A EP 94918880A EP 0706747 A1 EP0706747 A1 EP 0706747A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surface heating
heating element
threads
connecting electrode
heating medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94918880A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Günter LORENZEN
Wolfgang Menzel
Ferdinand Schuller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WET Automotive Systems AG
Original Assignee
WET Automotive Systems AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WET Automotive Systems AG filed Critical WET Automotive Systems AG
Publication of EP0706747A1 publication Critical patent/EP0706747A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/56—Heating or ventilating devices
    • B60N2/5678—Heating or ventilating devices characterised by electrical systems
    • B60N2/5685—Resistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H05B3/347—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles woven fabrics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H05B2203/015—Heater wherein the heating element is interwoven with the textile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical surface heating element for a seat heater, with at least two connecting electrode devices arranged in a line.
  • An electric heating element is known from US Pat. No. 2,938,992, which has two conductive surface heating element regions arranged parallel to one another, between which a non-conductive region is provided.
  • the surface heating media are connected to one another by a connecting electrode at one end of the heating element, while a connection electrode is attached to the other end of the surface heating element regions.
  • the shape of the area heating element can only be adapted to certain conditions by complex design measures, such as e.g. a desired heat distribution or a certain size and geometry can be adapted. It remains essentially limited to rectangular shapes.
  • the connecting electrode or the connecting electrodes or located in the seating area in which they are subjected to constant stress and thus an increased risk of failure.
  • the electrodes usually have a different thickness than the surface heating medium, so that they stand out through the seat.
  • the invention was based on the object of using structurally simple means to create a reliable electrical surface heating element, the shape of which can be easily adapted to certain conditions and which has a long service life.
  • an electrical surface heating element for a seat heating which has at least two linearly arranged connection electrode devices which are continuously connected to one another by a surface heating medium, the connection electrode devices in the same direction along an essentially straight line are arranged in the area of the same long side of the surface heating medium.
  • connection electrode devices are continuously connected to one another by the surface heating medium.
  • the surface heating medium can be produced on a running meter and can be adapted in terms of size, geometry and heat distribution by an inexpensive shaping process (punching, cutting, etc.). Due to the linear arrangement of the connection electrode devices in the area of the same long side, it is possible to arrange the connection electrode devices outside the seat surface at the rear edge of the seat or at the lower edge of a backrest. These areas are not mechanically stressed and are outside the visible area of the seat.
  • Electrode material so that, for example, relatively thick carbon, for example a carbon filament yarn, can also be used as the electrode material.
  • weavable metallic contact conductors based on a material other than pure copper can be processed as electrode material, which would show up as hard spots if arranged in the load area of the seat.
  • the surface heating medium is advantageously woven, the heating conductor threads being woven in a lattice shape in the weft and warp direction and the material of the connecting electrode devices being woven in the warp direction.
  • the entire surface heating element can be produced from a continuous roll material by punching out the surface heating element.
  • the heating conductor filaments can be arranged in the form of a grid at equal or variable intervals.
  • a simple control of the heat distribution is possible by deliberately cutting through the surface heating medium in the area of the heating conductor threads.
  • the material of the connecting electrode devices can be formed from carbon threads.
  • support threads and / or elastic threads can be woven in the warp direction in the area of the material of the connecting electrode devices.
  • the connection electrode devices are preferably glued or sewn onto the surface heating medium.
  • the surface heating medium is preferably geometrically shaped so that the heat distribution is uniform.
  • the surface heating medium for controlling the heat distribution is provided with cutouts.
  • the heat distribution can be controlled by means of slots or holes provided in the surface heating medium. This makes it possible to implement zones of weaker and stronger heating.
  • the surface heating element is divided into several strips by the slots.
  • the surface resistance of the individual strips can be changed by a corresponding arrangement of the holes in the strips so that different potentials in the strip ends can be compensated for. If the holes are made in a uniform grid and with a hole diameter that is not too large, there is a uniform heat distribution over the perforated surface. Such perforation corresponds to a local increase in the surface resistance, which causes a higher voltage drop and a locally increased heating power.
  • slots and holes create a comfortable seating climate, since they form ventilation openings.
  • recesses with a different shape can also be provided.
  • Auxiliary electrodes can also be fitted inside the heating element for equipotential bonding.
  • the connecting electrode devices and the surface heating medium advantageously consist of the same material, for example of carbon.
  • a carbon filament yarn or a spun carbon yarn can be used as carbon.
  • connection electrode devices can also consist of a combination of the material of the surface heating medium with a metallic conductor.
  • the connecting electrode devices consist of a combination of the material of the surface heating medium with a support and / or protective material.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a surface heating element
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of a surface heating element with a quasi-homogeneous surface heating medium
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a surface heating element with an inhomogeneous surface heating medium
  • the surface heating element 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a surface heating medium 12 which consists, for example, of an intrinsically conductive plastic film, for example of polypyrrole, or a fabric with heating conductor threads woven in in the weft and warp direction.
  • a surface heating medium 12 which consists, for example, of an intrinsically conductive plastic film, for example of polypyrrole, or a fabric with heating conductor threads woven in in the weft and warp direction.
  • two elongated connecting electrode devices 14, 16 arranged next to one another in a straight line are glued or sewn or woven onto the surface heating medium 12.
  • the connecting electrode devices 14, 16 are thus conductively connected to one another by the surface heating medium 12.
  • the connecting electrode devices 14, 16 are symmetrical with respect to a line of symmetry 17 which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal side of the surface heating medium 12.
  • the surface heating medium 12 surrounds an intermediate space 18 which extends along the line of symmetry 17 and opens into the gap between the connection electrode devices 14 and 16.
  • slots 20 are provided in the surface heating medium 12, which extend partially from the area adjacent to the connecting electrode device 14 to the area adjacent to the connecting electrode device 16 symmetrically to the axis of symmetry 17, surrounding the intermediate space 18.
  • additional slots 21 are provided in the surface heating medium 12 between the slots 20. The additional slots 21 serve to ensure that the hot zone which arises in the edge region to the intermediate space 18 and which arises from the fact that the current flows over the shortest distance, as uniformly as possible onto the surface between the front edge of the surface heating element 10 and the front region to distribute the space 18.
  • auxiliary electrodes 22 are provided in the area of the surface heating medium 12 facing away from the connection electrode devices 14, 16, which extend from the corners facing away from the connection electrode devices 14, 16 up to extend the end of the intermediate space 18 facing away from the connecting electrode devices 14, 16.
  • the auxiliary electrodes serve to equalize the potential of the surface heating medium.
  • the auxiliary electrodes can also be attached to other areas of the surface heating element 10 as required.
  • the surface heating medium is woven.
  • heating conductor threads 38, 40 are woven in a lattice shape in the weft and warp direction, the distance between the heating conductor threads 38, 40 being constant.
  • the heating conductor threads 40 arranged in the warp direction extend parallel to the connecting electrode devices 34 and 36, whereas the heating conductor threads 38 arranged in the weft direction run perpendicular to the connecting electrode devices 34, 36.
  • the material of the connecting electrodes 34, 36 is woven in the warp direction. This makes it possible to continue to produce the roll material by punching out the surface heating element 30.
  • the heat distribution and the electrical resistance of the surface heating medium 32 is determined by deliberately cutting through the heating conductor threads 38, 40.
  • holes 44 are punched through the surface heating medium 32 in the area of the heating conductor threads.
  • the punched holes 44 also ensure adequate ventilation of the surface heating element.
  • additional holes can be provided in the area between the heating conductor threads 38, 40 of the fabric of the surface heating medium 32.
  • the embodiment of the surface heating element 50 shown in FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in that in the area of the surface heating medium 52 facing away from the connecting electrode devices 54, 56 the grid density of the weft and warp directions is arranged Heating conductor threads 58, 60 varied in certain areas. As a result, the local surface resistance and thus the heating power can be changed locally.
  • the connecting electrode device consists of a fabric 78 with the heating conductor threads 40 running in the warp direction and the heating conductor threads 38 running in the weft direction.
  • the tissue 78 also contains several Spaced carbon threads 72, for example carbon filament yarns, which run in the warp direction and which are connected to the heating conductor threads the 38, 40 conductively connected.
  • support threads 74 and elastic threads 76 are woven into the fabric 78 in the warp direction.
  • the support threads 74 can be conductive or also insulating threads with high mechanical strength, e.g. Partly carbonized fibers made of polyacrylonitrile, metal-coated polyamide fibers or yarns.
  • the electrical and mechanical properties of the connecting electrode device 34 can be adapted to the requirements by a corresponding selection of the carbon threads 72 and the support threads 74.
  • Carbon filament yarns for example, have a high tensile strength in the longitudinal direction. In the case of shear loads or similar loads which occur at a greater angle to the longitudinal axis, breaks occur quickly. For this reason, the carbon threads 72, the support threads 74 and the elastic threads 76 are twisted together at their ends for connection to a wire harness and then crimped. The support threads ensure sufficient strength of the connection, while the elastic threads 76 increase flexibility .
  • connection between the twisted threads of the connecting electrode material and a wire harness can also be made by soldering.

Abstract

An electric surface heating element suitable for heating seats has at least two linear connection electrode arrangements (14, 16; 34, 36; 54, 56) continuously interconnected in a conductive manner by a surface heating medium (12, 32, 52). The connection electrode arrangements (14, 16; 34, 36; 54, 56) extend in the same direction, along a substantially straight line, in the area of the same longitudinal side of the surface heating medium (12, 32, 52)

Description

Flächenheizelement Surface heating element
Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Flächenheizelement für eine Sitzheizung, mit wenigstens zwei linienförmig angeordneten Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen.The invention relates to an electrical surface heating element for a seat heater, with at least two connecting electrode devices arranged in a line.
Aus der US-PS 2 938 992 ist ein elektrisches Heizelement bekannt, das zwei parallel zueinander angeordnete leitende Flächenheizelementbereiche aufweist, zwischen denen ein nichtleitender Bereich vorgesehen ist. An einem Ende des Heizelementes sind die Flächenheizmedien miteinander durch eine Verbindungselektrode verbunden, während an dem anderen Ende der Flächenheizelementbereiche jeweils eine Anschlu߬ elektrode angebracht ist.An electric heating element is known from US Pat. No. 2,938,992, which has two conductive surface heating element regions arranged parallel to one another, between which a non-conductive region is provided. The surface heating media are connected to one another by a connecting electrode at one end of the heating element, while a connection electrode is attached to the other end of the surface heating element regions.
Durch die Anordnung des nichtleitenden Bereichs zwischen den beiden Flächenheizelementbereichen und die Verbindung der beiden Flächenheizelementbereiche durch die Verbin¬ dungselektrode kann die Form des Flächenheizelements nur durch aufwendige konstruktive Maßnahmen an bestimmte Bedin¬ gungen, wie z.B. eine gewünschte Wärmeverteilung oder eine bestimmte Größe und Geometrie angepaßt werden. Es bleibt im wesentlichen auf rechteckige Formen beschränkt.Due to the arrangement of the non-conductive area between the two area heating element areas and the connection of the two area heating element areas by the connecting electrode, the shape of the area heating element can only be adapted to certain conditions by complex design measures, such as e.g. a desired heat distribution or a certain size and geometry can be adapted. It remains essentially limited to rectangular shapes.
Wenn das bekannte Flächenheizelement für eine Sitzheizung verwendet werden würde, würden sich auf jeden Fall entweder die Verbindungselektrode oder die Anschlußelektroden bzw. im Sitzbereich befinden, in dem sie einer ständigen Be¬ anspruchung und damit einem erhöhten Ausfallsrisiko ausge¬ setzt werden. Darüber hinaus haben die Elektroden in der Regel einen anderen Dickenaufbau als das Flächenheizmedium, so daß sie sich durch die Sitzfläche abzeichnen.If the known surface heating element were used for a seat heating, either the connecting electrode or the connecting electrodes or located in the seating area in which they are subjected to constant stress and thus an increased risk of failure. In addition, the electrodes usually have a different thickness than the surface heating medium, so that they stand out through the seat.
Der Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, mit konstruktiv einfachen Mitteln ein zuverlässig wirkendes elektrisches Flächenheizelement zu schaffen, dessen Form leicht an be¬ stimmte Bedingungen anpaßbar ist und das eine hohe Lebens¬ dauer aufweist.The invention was based on the object of using structurally simple means to create a reliable electrical surface heating element, the shape of which can be easily adapted to certain conditions and which has a long service life.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein elektrisches Flächenheizel¬ ement für eine Sitzheizung gelöst, das wenigstens zwei linienförmig angeordnete Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen aufweist, die durch ein Flächenheizmedium durchgehend lei¬ tend miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Anschlußelektro¬ deneinrichtungen in gleicher Richtung längs einer im we¬ sentlichen geraden Linie im Bereich der gleichen Längsseite des Flächenheizmediums geordnet sind.This object is achieved by an electrical surface heating element for a seat heating, which has at least two linearly arranged connection electrode devices which are continuously connected to one another by a surface heating medium, the connection electrode devices in the same direction along an essentially straight line are arranged in the area of the same long side of the surface heating medium.
Im Gegensatz zu dem aus der US-PS 2 938 992 bekannten Flä¬ chenheizelement sind bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Flächenheiz¬ element die Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen durchgehend durch das Flächenheizmedium miteinander verbunden. Hier¬ durch wird die Möglichkeit geschaffen, die Kontur des Flächenheizelements an bestimmte Bedingungen, wie z.B. an Größe und Geometrie des Sitzes und eine erwünschte Wäreme- verteilung anzupassen. Das Flächenheizmedium kann am lau¬ fenden Meter hergestellt und durch einen kostengünstigen Formgebungsprozeß (Stanzen, Schneiden etc.) hinsichtlich Größe, Geometrie und Wärmeverteilung angepaßt werden. Durch die linienförmige Anordnung der Anschlußelektroden¬ einrichtungen im Bereich der gleichen Längsseite ist es möglich, die Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen außerhalb der Sitzfläche am hinteren Rand des Sitzes bzw. am unteren Rand einer Rückenlehne anzuordnen. Diese Bereiche werden nicht mechanisch beansprucht und liegen außerhalb des Sichtbe¬ reichs der Sitzfläche. Dadurch ist es möglich, ein volumi¬ nöseres Elektrodenmaterial zu verwenden, so daß z.B. auch relativ dickes Carbon, z.B. ein Kohlenstoffilamentgarn als Elektrodenmaterial verwendet werden kann. Weiterhin können verwebbare, auf anderem Material als auf reinem Kupfer basierende metallische Kontaktleiter als Elektrodenmaterial verarbeitet werden, die sich bei Anordnung im Belastungs¬ bereich des Sitzes als harte Stellen abzeichnen würden.In contrast to the surface heating element known from US Pat. No. 2,938,992, in the surface heating element according to the invention the connection electrode devices are continuously connected to one another by the surface heating medium. This creates the possibility of adapting the contour of the surface heating element to certain conditions, such as, for example, the size and geometry of the seat and a desired heat distribution. The surface heating medium can be produced on a running meter and can be adapted in terms of size, geometry and heat distribution by an inexpensive shaping process (punching, cutting, etc.). Due to the linear arrangement of the connection electrode devices in the area of the same long side, it is possible to arrange the connection electrode devices outside the seat surface at the rear edge of the seat or at the lower edge of a backrest. These areas are not mechanically stressed and are outside the visible area of the seat. This makes it possible to use a more voluminous electrode material, so that, for example, relatively thick carbon, for example a carbon filament yarn, can also be used as the electrode material. Furthermore, weavable metallic contact conductors based on a material other than pure copper can be processed as electrode material, which would show up as hard spots if arranged in the load area of the seat.
Vorteilhafterweise ist das Flächenheizmedium gewebt, wobei Heizleiterfäden gitterförmig in Schuß- und Kettrichtung und das Material der Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen in Kett¬ richtung eingewebt ist. In diesem Fall kann das gesamte Flächenheizelement aus einem fortlaufenden Rollenmaterial durch Ausstanzen des Flächenheizelements hergestellt wer¬ den.The surface heating medium is advantageously woven, the heating conductor threads being woven in a lattice shape in the weft and warp direction and the material of the connecting electrode devices being woven in the warp direction. In this case, the entire surface heating element can be produced from a continuous roll material by punching out the surface heating element.
Die Heizleiterfäden können in gleichen oder variablen Abständen gitterförmig angeordnet sein.The heating conductor filaments can be arranged in the form of a grid at equal or variable intervals.
Eine einfache Steuerung der Wärmeverteilung ist durch gezielte Durchtrennung des Flächenheizmediums im Bereich der Heizleiterfäden möglich.A simple control of the heat distribution is possible by deliberately cutting through the surface heating medium in the area of the heating conductor threads.
Das Material der Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen kann von Carbonfäden gebildet werden. Außerdem können im Bereich des Materials der Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen Stützfäden und/oder elastische Fäden in Kettrichtung eingewebt sein. Die Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen sind vorzugsweise auf das Flächenheizmedium aufgeklebt oder aufgenäht.The material of the connecting electrode devices can be formed from carbon threads. In addition, support threads and / or elastic threads can be woven in the warp direction in the area of the material of the connecting electrode devices. The connection electrode devices are preferably glued or sewn onto the surface heating medium.
Vorzugsweise ist das Flächenheizmedium geometrisch so geformt, daß die Wärmeverteilung gleichmäßig ist.The surface heating medium is preferably geometrically shaped so that the heat distribution is uniform.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Flächenheize¬ lements ist das Flächenheizmedium zur Steuerung der Wärme¬ verteilung mit Aussparungen versehen.In a preferred embodiment of the surface heating element, the surface heating medium for controlling the heat distribution is provided with cutouts.
Die Steuerung der Wärmeverteilung läßt sich durch Schlitze oder Löcher erreichen, die in dem Flächenheizmedium vor¬ gesehen sind. Hierdurch ist es möglich, Zonen schwächerer und stärkerer Beheizung zu realisieren. Durch die Schlitze wird das Flächenheizelement in mehrere Streifen geteilt. Durch eine entsprechende Anordnung der Löcher in den Strei¬ fen läßt sich der Flächenwiderstand der einzelnen Streifen so verändern, daß unterschiedliche Potentiale in den Strei¬ fenenden ausgeglichen werden können. Werden die Löcher in einem gleichmäßigem Raster und mit nicht zu großem Loch¬ durchmesser angebracht, so ergibt sich eine gleichmäßige Wärmeverteilung über der belochten Fläche. Eine derartige Belochung entspricht einer lokalen Erhöhung des Flächenwi¬ derstands, was einen höheren Spannungsabfall und eine lokal erhöhte Heizleistung bewirkt.The heat distribution can be controlled by means of slots or holes provided in the surface heating medium. This makes it possible to implement zones of weaker and stronger heating. The surface heating element is divided into several strips by the slots. The surface resistance of the individual strips can be changed by a corresponding arrangement of the holes in the strips so that different potentials in the strip ends can be compensated for. If the holes are made in a uniform grid and with a hole diameter that is not too large, there is a uniform heat distribution over the perforated surface. Such perforation corresponds to a local increase in the surface resistance, which causes a higher voltage drop and a locally increased heating power.
Darüberhinaus wird durch die Schlitze und Löcher ein ange¬ nehmes Sitzklima geschaffen, da sie Belüftungsöffnungen bilden. Anstatt der Schlitze oder Löcher können jedoch auch Aussparungen mit anderer Form vorgesehen werden.In addition, the slots and holes create a comfortable seating climate, since they form ventilation openings. Instead of the slots or holes, however, recesses with a different shape can also be provided.
Für einen Potentialausgleich können auch Hilfselektroden innerhalb des Heizelements angebracht werden. Vorteilhafterweise bestehen die Anschlußelektrodeneinrich¬ tungen und das Flächenheizmedium aus dem gleichen Material, beispielsweise aus Carbon. Als Carbon können z.B. ein Kohlenstoffilamentgarn oder ein gesponnenes Kohlenstoffgarn verwendet werden.Auxiliary electrodes can also be fitted inside the heating element for equipotential bonding. The connecting electrode devices and the surface heating medium advantageously consist of the same material, for example of carbon. For example, a carbon filament yarn or a spun carbon yarn can be used as carbon.
Die Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen können jedoch auch aus einer Kombination des Materials des Flächenheizmediums mit einem metallischen Leiter bestehen.However, the connection electrode devices can also consist of a combination of the material of the surface heating medium with a metallic conductor.
Schließlich ist es auch möglich, daß die Anschlußelektro¬ deneinrichtungen aus einer Kombination des Materials des Flächenheizmediums mit einem Stütz- und/oder Schutzmaterial bestehen.Finally, it is also possible for the connecting electrode devices to consist of a combination of the material of the surface heating medium with a support and / or protective material.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachstehend anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigtEmbodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to drawings. It shows
Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform eines Flächenheiz¬ elements,1 shows a first embodiment of a surface heating element,
Fig. 2 eine zweite Ausführungsform des Flächenheizele¬ ments mit Hilfselektroden,2 shows a second embodiment of the surface heating element with auxiliary electrodes,
Fig. 3 eine dritte Ausführungsform eines Flächenheizele¬ ments mit einem quasihomogenen Flächenheizmedium,3 shows a third embodiment of a surface heating element with a quasi-homogeneous surface heating medium,
Fig. 4 eine vierte Ausführungsform eines Flächenheizel¬ ements mit einem inhomogenen Flächenheizmedium,4 shows a fourth embodiment of a surface heating element with an inhomogeneous surface heating medium,
Fig. 5 eine Materialkombination für eine Anschlußelek¬ trodeneinrichtung der Ausführungsform von Fig. 3. Das in Fig. 1 gezeigte Flächenheizelement 10 weist ein Flächenheizmedium 12 auf, das beispielsweise aus einer eigenleitenden Kunstoffolie, z.B aus Polypyrrol, oder einem Gewebe mit in Schuß- und Kettrichtung eingewebten Heizlei¬ terfäden besteht. An der hinteren Längsseite des Flächen¬ heizmediums 12 sind zwei längliche, in einer geraden Linie nebeneinander angeordnete Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen 14, 16 auf das Flächenheizmedium 12 aufgeklebt bzw. auf dieses aufgenäht oder eingewebt. Die Anschlußelektroden¬ einrichtungen 14, 16 sind also durch das Flächenheizmedium 12 leitend miteinander verbunden. Die Anschlußelektroden¬ einrichtungen 14, 16 sind symmetrisch zu einer Symmetrieli¬ nie 17, die sich senkrecht zur Längsseite des Flächenheiz¬ mediums 12 erstreckt-.5 shows a material combination for a connecting electrode device of the embodiment from FIG. 3. The surface heating element 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a surface heating medium 12 which consists, for example, of an intrinsically conductive plastic film, for example of polypyrrole, or a fabric with heating conductor threads woven in in the weft and warp direction. On the rear longitudinal side of the surface heating medium 12, two elongated connecting electrode devices 14, 16 arranged next to one another in a straight line are glued or sewn or woven onto the surface heating medium 12. The connecting electrode devices 14, 16 are thus conductively connected to one another by the surface heating medium 12. The connecting electrode devices 14, 16 are symmetrical with respect to a line of symmetry 17 which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal side of the surface heating medium 12.
Das Flächenheizmedium 12 umgibt einen Zwischenraum 18, der sich längs der Symmetrielinie 17 erstreckt und in die Lücke zwischen den Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen 14 und 16 mündet. In dem Flächenheizmedium 12 sind außerdem Schlitze 20 vorgesehen, die sich teilweise von dem an die Anschlu߬ elektrodeneinrichtung 14 angrenzenden Bereich bis an den an die Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtung 16 angrenzenden Bereich symmetrisch zur Symmetrieachse 17 erstrecken, wobei sie den Zwischenraum 18 umgeben. Um den von den Anschlußelektroden¬ einrichtungen 14, 16 abgewandten Bereich des Zwischenraums 18 sind in dem Flächenheizmediums 12 Zusatzschlitze 21 zwi¬ schen den Schlitzen 20 vorgesehen. Die Zusatzschlitze 21 dienen dazu, die im Randbereich zu dem Zwischenraum 18 ent¬ stehende heiße Zone, die dadurch entsteht, daß der Strom über die kürzeste Wegstrecke fließt, möglichst gleichmäßig auf die Fläche zwischen der vorderen Kante des Flächenhei¬ zelements 10 und dem vorderen Bereich des Zwischenraums 18 zu verteilen. In dem an die Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen 14, 16 an¬ grenzenden Bereich des Flächenmediums 12, der sich in der Regel unterhalb der Gesäßfläche einer auf dem Flächenheiz¬ medium 12 sitzenden Person befindet, sind in den durch die Schlitze 20 gebildeten Streifen des Flächenheizmediums 12 Löcher 24 vorgesehen. Durch die Löcher 24 wird der Flächen¬ widerstand des Flächenheizelements lokal erhöht, was einen höheren Spannungsabfall und eine lokal erhöhte Heizleistung bewirkt.The surface heating medium 12 surrounds an intermediate space 18 which extends along the line of symmetry 17 and opens into the gap between the connection electrode devices 14 and 16. In addition, slots 20 are provided in the surface heating medium 12, which extend partially from the area adjacent to the connecting electrode device 14 to the area adjacent to the connecting electrode device 16 symmetrically to the axis of symmetry 17, surrounding the intermediate space 18. Around the area of the intermediate space 18 facing away from the connecting electrode devices 14, 16, additional slots 21 are provided in the surface heating medium 12 between the slots 20. The additional slots 21 serve to ensure that the hot zone which arises in the edge region to the intermediate space 18 and which arises from the fact that the current flows over the shortest distance, as uniformly as possible onto the surface between the front edge of the surface heating element 10 and the front region to distribute the space 18. In the area of the surface medium 12 adjoining the connection electrode devices 14, 16, which is usually located below the buttocks surface of a person sitting on the surface heating medium 12, 12 holes 24 are provided in the strips of the surface heating medium formed by the slots 20 . Through the holes 24, the surface resistance of the surface heating element is increased locally, which causes a higher voltage drop and a locally increased heating power.
Bei der in Fig. 2 gezeigten zweiten Ausführungsform des Flächenheizelements 10 sind in dem von den Anschlußelek¬ trodeneinrichtungen 14, 16 abgewandten Bereich des Flächen¬ heizmediums 12 Hilfselektroden 22 vorgesehen, die sich von den von den Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen 14, 16 abge¬ wandten Ecken bis zu dem von den Anschlußelektrodeneinrich¬ tungen 14, 16 abgewandten Ende des Zwischenraums 18 er¬ strecken. Die Hilfselektroden dienen zum Potentialausgleich des Flächenheizmediums. Die Hilfselektroden können nach Bedarf auch an anderen Stellen des Flächenheizelements 10 angebracht werden.In the second embodiment of the surface heating element 10 shown in FIG. 2, auxiliary electrodes 22 are provided in the area of the surface heating medium 12 facing away from the connection electrode devices 14, 16, which extend from the corners facing away from the connection electrode devices 14, 16 up to extend the end of the intermediate space 18 facing away from the connecting electrode devices 14, 16. The auxiliary electrodes serve to equalize the potential of the surface heating medium. The auxiliary electrodes can also be attached to other areas of the surface heating element 10 as required.
Bei der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform des Flächen¬ heizelements ist das Flächenheizmedium gewebt. Dabei sind Heizleiterfäden 38, 40 in Schuß- und Kettrichtung gitter¬ förmig eingewebt, wobei der Abstand der Heizleiterfäden 38, 40 konstant ist. Die in Kettrichtung angeordneten Heizlei¬ terfäden 40 erstrecken sich parallel zu den Anschlußelek¬ trodeneinrichtungen 34 und 36, wohingegen die in Schußrich¬ tung angeordneten Heizleiterfäden 38 senkrecht zu den Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen 34, 36 verlaufen.In the embodiment of the surface heating element shown in FIG. 3, the surface heating medium is woven. In this case, heating conductor threads 38, 40 are woven in a lattice shape in the weft and warp direction, the distance between the heating conductor threads 38, 40 being constant. The heating conductor threads 40 arranged in the warp direction extend parallel to the connecting electrode devices 34 and 36, whereas the heating conductor threads 38 arranged in the weft direction run perpendicular to the connecting electrode devices 34, 36.
Das Material der Anschlußelektroden 34, 36 ist in Kettrich¬ tung eingewebt. Dadurch ist es möglich aus einem fortlau- fenden Rollenmaterial durch Ausstanzen das Flächenheizel¬ ement 30 herzustellen.The material of the connecting electrodes 34, 36 is woven in the warp direction. This makes it possible to continue to produce the roll material by punching out the surface heating element 30.
Die Wärmeverteilung und der elektrische Widerstand des Flächenheizmediums 32 ist durch gezieltes Durchtrennen der Heizleiterfäden 38, 40 festgelegt. Hierfür werden Löcher 44 im Bereich der Heizleiterfäden durch das Flächenheizmedium 32 durchgestanzt. Hierdurch lassen sich ebenfalls Wärmever¬ teilung und Widerstand des Flächenheizelements weitgehend beliebig variieren sowie Zonen schwächerer und stärkerer Beheizung realisieren. Die gestanzten Löcher 44 sorgen außerdem für eine ausreichende Belüftung des Flächenheizel¬ ements. Hierfür können zusätzliche Löcher in dem Bereich zwischen den Heizleiterfäden 38, 40 des Gewebes des Flä¬ chenheizmediums 32 vorgesehen werden.The heat distribution and the electrical resistance of the surface heating medium 32 is determined by deliberately cutting through the heating conductor threads 38, 40. For this purpose, holes 44 are punched through the surface heating medium 32 in the area of the heating conductor threads. As a result, the heat distribution and resistance of the surface heating element can likewise largely be varied as desired, and zones of weaker and stronger heating can be realized. The punched holes 44 also ensure adequate ventilation of the surface heating element. For this purpose, additional holes can be provided in the area between the heating conductor threads 38, 40 of the fabric of the surface heating medium 32.
Die in Fig. 4 gezeigte Ausführungsform des Flächenheiz¬ elementes 50 unterscheidet sich von der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform dadurch, daß in dem von den Anschlußelek¬ trodeneinrichtungen 54, 56 abgewandten Bereich des Flächen¬ heizmediums 52 die Rasterdichte der in Schußrichtung und Kettrichtung angeordneten Heizleiterfäden 58, 60 in be¬ stimmten Bereichen variiert. Dadurch kann der lokale Flä¬ chenwiderstand und somit die Heizleistung lokal verändert werden.The embodiment of the surface heating element 50 shown in FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in that in the area of the surface heating medium 52 facing away from the connecting electrode devices 54, 56 the grid density of the weft and warp directions is arranged Heating conductor threads 58, 60 varied in certain areas. As a result, the local surface resistance and thus the heating power can be changed locally.
Fig. 5 zeigt eine gewebte Materialkombination für eine Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtung der Ausführungsform von Fig. 3. Die Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtung besteht aus einem Gewebe 78 mit den in Kettrichtung verlaufenden Heizleiter¬ fäden 40 und den in Schußrichtung verlaufenden Heizleiter¬ fäden 38. Das Gewebe 78 enthält außerdem mehrere im Ab¬ stand zueinander in Kettrichtung verlaufende Carbonfäden 72, z.B. Kohlenstoffilamentgarne, die mit den Heizleiterfä- den 38, 40 leitend in Verbindung stehen.5 shows a woven material combination for a connecting electrode device of the embodiment of FIG. 3. The connecting electrode device consists of a fabric 78 with the heating conductor threads 40 running in the warp direction and the heating conductor threads 38 running in the weft direction. The tissue 78 also contains several Spaced carbon threads 72, for example carbon filament yarns, which run in the warp direction and which are connected to the heating conductor threads the 38, 40 conductively connected.
Außerdem sind im Bereich der Carbonfäden 72 Stützfäden 74 und elastische Fäden 76 in Kettrichtung in das Gewebe 78 eingewebt. Die Stützfäden 74 können nach Bedarf leitfähige oder auch isolierende Fäden mit hoher mechanischer Fesig- keit sein, z.B. teilcarbonisierte Fasern aus Polyacrylni- tril, metallbeschichtete Polyamidfasern oder Garne.In addition, in the area of the carbon threads 72 support threads 74 and elastic threads 76 are woven into the fabric 78 in the warp direction. The support threads 74 can be conductive or also insulating threads with high mechanical strength, e.g. Partly carbonized fibers made of polyacrylonitrile, metal-coated polyamide fibers or yarns.
Durch eine entsprechende Auswahl der Carbonfäden 72 und der Stützfäden 74 können die elektrischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften der Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtung 34 den Bedürfnissen entsprechend angepaßt werden. Kohlenstoffila- mentgarne weisen beispielsweise zwar eine hohe Reißfestig¬ keit in Längsrichtung auf. Bei Scherbelastungen oder ähn¬ lichen Belastungen, die in größerem Winkel zur Längsachse erfolgen, treten jedoch schnell Brüche auf. Aus diesem Grund werden die Karbonfäden 72, die Stützfäden 74 und die elastischen Fäden 76 an ihren Enden für einen Anschluß an einen Kabelbaum miteinander verdrillt und anschließend vercrimpt.Die Stützfäden sorgen dabei für eine ausreichende Festigkeit des Anschlußes, während die elastischen Fäden 76 die Flexibilität erhöhen.The electrical and mechanical properties of the connecting electrode device 34 can be adapted to the requirements by a corresponding selection of the carbon threads 72 and the support threads 74. Carbon filament yarns, for example, have a high tensile strength in the longitudinal direction. In the case of shear loads or similar loads which occur at a greater angle to the longitudinal axis, breaks occur quickly. For this reason, the carbon threads 72, the support threads 74 and the elastic threads 76 are twisted together at their ends for connection to a wire harness and then crimped. The support threads ensure sufficient strength of the connection, while the elastic threads 76 increase flexibility .
Wenn die Stützfäden 74 metallisch sind, kann eine Verbin¬ dung zwischen den verdrillten Fäden des Anschlußelektroden¬ materials und einem Kabelbaum auch durch Löten erfolgen. If the support threads 74 are metallic, a connection between the twisted threads of the connecting electrode material and a wire harness can also be made by soldering.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Elektrisches Flächenheizelement für eine Sitzheizung, mit wenigstens zwei linienförmig angeordneten An¬ schlußelektrodeneinrichtungen (14, 16; 34, 36; 54, 56), die durch ein Flächenheizmedium (12, 32, 52) durchgehend leitend miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen (14, 16; 34, 36; 54, 56) in gleicher Richtung längs einer im wesentli¬ chen geraden Linie im Bereich der gleichen Längsseite des Flächenheizmediums (12, 32, 52) angeordnet sind.1. Electrical surface heating element for a seat heater, with at least two linearly arranged connecting electrode devices (14, 16; 34, 36; 54, 56), which are continuously connected to one another by a surface heating medium (12, 32, 52), the connecting electrode devices (14, 16; 34, 36; 54, 56) are arranged in the same direction along an essentially straight line in the area of the same long side of the surface heating medium (12, 32, 52).
2. Flächenheizelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß das Flächenheizmedium gewebt ist, wobei Heizleiterfäden (38, 40) gitterförmig in Schuß- und Kettrichtung und das Material der Anschlußelektroden¬ einrichtungen (34, 36; 54, 56) in Kettrichtung einge¬ webt ist.2. surface heating element according to claim 1, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the surface heating medium is woven, heating conductor threads (38, 40) grid-like in the weft and warp direction and the material of the connecting electrode devices (34, 36; 54, 56) in the warp direction ¬ is weaving.
3. Flächenheizelement nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Heizleiterfäden (38, 40) in gleichen oder variablen Abständen gitterförmig angeordnet sind.3. surface heating element according to claim 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the heating conductor threads (38, 40) are arranged in the same or variable intervals grid-like.
4. Flächenheizelement nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flächenheizmedium (32, 52) zur Steuerung der Wärmeverteilung im Bereich der Heizlei¬ terfäden (38, 40) gezielt durchtrennt ist.4. surface heating element according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the surface heating medium (32, 52) for controlling the heat distribution in the region of the Heizlei¬ terf threads (38, 40) is deliberately severed.
5. Flächenheizelement nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material der An¬ schlußelektrodeneinrichtungen (34, 36; 54, 56) von Carbonfäden (72) gebildet wird. 5. Surface heating element according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the material of the connecting electrode devices (34, 36; 54, 56) is formed by carbon threads (72).
6. Flächenheizelement nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich des Materials der Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen (34, 36; 54, 56) Stützfäden (74) in Kettrichtung eingewebt sind.6. surface heating element according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that in the region of the material of the connecting electrode means (34, 36; 54, 56) supporting threads (74) are woven in the warp direction.
7. Flächenheizelement nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich des Materials der Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen (34, 36; 54, 56) elastische Fäden (76) in Kettrichtung eingewebt sind.7. surface heating element according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that in the region of the material of the connecting electrode means (34, 36; 54, 56) elastic threads (76) are woven in the warp direction.
8. Flächenheizelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Anschlußelektrodeneinrichtungen (14, 16) auf das Flächenheizmedium (12) aufgeklebt oder aufgenäht sind.- 8. surface heating element according to claim 1, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the connecting electrode devices (14, 16) on the surface heating medium (12) are glued or sewn.
EP94918880A 1993-06-28 1994-06-17 Surface heating element Withdrawn EP0706747A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19934321474 DE4321474C2 (en) 1993-06-28 1993-06-28 Surface heating element
DE4321474 1993-06-28
PCT/EP1994/001981 WO1995001082A1 (en) 1993-06-28 1994-06-17 Surface heating element

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DE4321474A1 (en) 1995-01-05
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