EP0259646A1 - Method and arrangement for supplying a gaseous discharge lamp - Google Patents
Method and arrangement for supplying a gaseous discharge lamp Download PDFInfo
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- EP0259646A1 EP0259646A1 EP87111833A EP87111833A EP0259646A1 EP 0259646 A1 EP0259646 A1 EP 0259646A1 EP 87111833 A EP87111833 A EP 87111833A EP 87111833 A EP87111833 A EP 87111833A EP 0259646 A1 EP0259646 A1 EP 0259646A1
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- lamp
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- capacitor
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007537 lampworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/295—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
- Y10S315/02—High frequency starting operation for fluorescent lamp
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
- Y10S315/05—Starting and operating circuit for fluorescent lamp
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
- Y10S315/07—Starting and control circuits for gas discharge lamp using transistors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and arrangements for operating a gas discharge lamp provided with heating filaments, in particular fluorescent lamp, in which a high-frequency alternating voltage for operating the lamp is generated from a direct voltage, which may be derived from a mains alternating voltage by rectification, with an inverter is arranged parallel to the capacitance of a series resonance circuit formed by a capacitance and an inductor, which includes the heating filaments of the lamp, and in which, during the heating process of the heating filaments (start interval phase) between switching on the power supply and igniting the lamp, the voltage applied to it is at a value is limited below its ignition voltage.
- Gas discharge lamps which require a warm start and which are operated using an electronic ballast with the high-frequency output voltage of an inverter are generally known. It is important here that when the power supply is switched on, the voltage occurring at the lamp does not reach the ignition voltage value until the heating filaments of the lamp have heated up sufficiently.
- Such a warm start gas discharge lamp is known, for example, from reference EP 0 059 064, in which the frequency of the inverter, with the aid of control means when the power supply is switched on, first operates at a frequency above the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit and towards the end of the start interval phase Working frequency of the inverter is reduced in the direction of the resonance of the series resonant circuit in such a way that the increasing voltage across the lamp ignites the lamp.
- the invention has for its object to improve the operating properties of a warm start gas discharge lamp of the type described in the introduction with regard to the required energy requirement.
- the invention is based on the finding that after the lamp has been ignited, the series resonance circuit is no longer important for the lamp in operation and is also virtually ineffective due to the lamp's shunt path which represents a shunt to the capacity.
- the current branch containing the capacitance can also be separated.
- the power loss in the heating filaments of the lamp, which causes the current component flowing through the capacitor is interrupted and the operating efficiency of the lamp circuit is improved in an advantageous manner.
- the limitation of the lamp voltage to a value below the ignition voltage during the start interval phase can also be brought about by changing the effective capacity of the series resonant circuit at a predetermined frequency of the inverter, its resonance curve above that Frequency is shifted so that the lamp voltage only reaches the ignition voltage at the end of the start interval phase.
- the possibility to interrupt the current branch having the capacity parallel to the lamp especially if the change in the effective capacity is carried out with the help of temperature-dependent resistors or with the help of lossy electronic switches.
- the basic circuit diagram according to FIG. 1 for a gas discharge lamp working with an electronic ballast initially has a rectifier circuit GL on the mains voltage side, the rectified circuit GL of which on the output side is rectified and smoothed and serves as the DC operating voltage for the inverter WR connected to it.
- the high-frequency AC voltage of the inverter WR is in turn supplied to the lamp circuit LS via a coupling capacitor Co for operating the lamp G.
- the lamp circuit LS has a series resonance circuit with the variable effective capacitance C and the inductance L which represents a choke.
- the heating coils HW of lamp G are also included in this series resonance circuit.
- the lamp G is parallel to the effective capacity C of the series resonant circuit. According to the invention, the lamp G is connected in parallel with the series connection of the effective capacitance C with a disconnector S which is opened and the effective capacitance is thus switched off as soon as the lamp has ignited.
- a control voltage for the effective capacitance C is indicated in broken line, which is the rectified smoothed AC voltage at the output of the rectifier GL.
- the interrupted control line 1 indicates that this is one of several possibilities for controlling the effective capacity, which in this case is of variable design. This will be discussed in more detail in connection with the description of the following figures.
- the frequency fz of the inverter based on the shift range of the resonance curve of the series resonance circuit, is fixed in such a way that the frequency fz is always above the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit.
- the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit is essentially determined by the capacitor C1 and the inductance L.
- the lamp voltage ul plotted against the frequency f results in a resonance curve of the series resonance circuit with the frequency fr1 when the power supply is switched on.
- the lamp voltage ul here has the lamp start voltage uo, since the frequency fz of the inverter comes to lie relatively far down on the upper branch of the resonance curve with the resonance frequency fr1.
- the capacitor C2 is practically short-circuited by the positive temperature-dependent resistor TW1, which represents a PTC thermistor.
- the heating coils HW are heated up by the current flowing through the series resonance circuit and the heating coils HW of the lamp G when switched on.
- the positive temperature-dependent resistor TW1 is also heated, so that its resistance value increases continuously.
- capacitor C2 in series with capacitor C1 also increasingly determines the resonance of the resonant circuit.
- This causes the resonance curve in the diagram according to FIG. 4 to be shifted to the right, as indicated by the arrow indicated.
- the result of this is that the lamp voltage ul increases because the point of intersection of the frequency fz on the upper branch of the resonance curve shifts more and more until finally the lamp voltage ul reaches the lamp ignition voltage uz at which the lamp G ignites.
- the resonance curve with the resonance frequency fr1 has changed into the resonance curve with the resonance frequency fr2.
- the series resonance circuit is generally of no importance for the further operating function. According to the invention, this fact is used to switch off the current branch containing the changeable effective capacity C parallel to the lamp G after the lamp has been ignited by opening the isolating switch S and thus the power loss caused by the current flowing through this branch during the operating period is prevented .
- the variant shown in FIG. 3 for a variable effective capacitance C in series with a disconnector S differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 in that the positive temperature-dependent resistor TW1 is replaced by the threshold switch SW.
- the time constant element ⁇ is connected upstream of the threshold switch SW on the control input side.
- the control voltage can be supplied to the threshold switch SW via the time constant element ⁇ corresponding to FIG. 1 via the control line 1 shown in broken lines in the form of the rectified AC voltage at the output of the rectifier arrangement GL.
- the DC voltage becomes effective with a time delay at the control input of the threshold switch SW so that the threshold switch SW only opens and thus makes the capacitor C2 ineffective when the heating filaments HW of the lamp G are sufficiently heated in order to ensure a warm start are.
- the only difference here is that the shifting of the resonance curve of the series resonance circuit from the resonance curve with the resonance frequency fr1 into the resonance curve with the resonance frequency fr2 does not take place continuously but in a sudden manner in accordance with the switching process.
- the frequency fz of the inverter is always above the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit, this is the other way round in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 5 and 6.
- the frequency fz of the inverter is always below the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit.
- variable effective capacitance according to FIG. 5 differs from the variable effective capacitance C according to FIG. 2 only in that the capacitors C1 and C2 are no longer connected in series but in parallel and the temperature-dependent resistance, which here in series with the capacitor C1 is a negative temperature-dependent resistor TW2.
- the resonance curve in FIG. 7 has the resonance frequency fr4 when the lamp ignition voltage u is reached.
- variable effective capacitance C differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 again only in that the negative temperature-dependent resistor TW2 is replaced by the threshold switch SW with the time constant element ⁇ connected upstream of its control input, which is closed to switch over the resonance curve.
- the disconnector S can be implemented in various ways.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment consists of a four-layer diode, which is dimensioned with regard to its breakdown voltage so that it is in the period between the switching on of the power supply and the ignition of the lamp G in the conductive state and in the burning state of the lamp G in the blocked state.
- the isolating switch would consist of a circuit arrangement controlled by an optoelectronic semiconductor converter, for example the combination of a photo and a switching transistor.
- the specified method for operating a gas discharge lamp including the special lamp circuits specified for this purpose, can advantageously be used in all warm-start, low-pressure gas discharge lamps.
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- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
Für den Betrieb von Warmstart-Gasentladungslampen unter Verwendung eines elektronischen Vorschaltgerätes, bei dem die Gasentladungslampe parallel zur Kapazität (C) eines Serienresonanzkreises (36) liegt und mit ihren Heizwendeln in diesen Serienresonanzkreis einbezogen ist, wird vorgeschlagen, in Reihe zur wirksamen Kapazität (C) einen Trennschalter (S) vorzusehen, der den Nebenschluß zur Lampe (G) und damit auch den Heizwendelstrom unterbricht, sobald die Lampe gezündet hat. Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, daß der ansonstsen eine Verlustleistung darstellende im Nebenschluß zur Lampe (G) fließende Strom unterbunden wird. Besondere Bedeutung kommt dieser Maßnahme dann zu, wenn die wirksame Kapazität (C) des Serienresonanzkreises (L, C) mit Hilfe von temperaturabhängigen Widerständen oder mit Hilfe verlustbehafteter elektronischer Schalter zur Steuerung der Lampenspannung (Ul) während der Startintervallphase veränderbar ausgeführt ist.For the operation of warm start gas discharge lamps using an electronic ballast, in which the gas discharge lamp is parallel to the capacity (C) of a series resonance circuit (36) and is included with its heating filaments in this series resonance circuit, it is proposed to series the effective capacity (C) to provide a circuit breaker (S) which interrupts the shunt to the lamp (G) and thus also the heating coil current as soon as the lamp has ignited. In this way it is ensured that the current, which otherwise represents a power loss, flows in the bypass to the lamp (G). This measure is particularly important when the effective capacitance (C) of the series resonant circuit (L, C) is designed to be variable during the start interval phase with the aid of temperature-dependent resistors or with the aid of lossy electronic switches for controlling the lamp voltage (Ul).
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren sowie Anordnungen zum Betreiben einer mit Heizwendeln versehenen Gasentladungslampe, insbesondere Leuchtstofflampe, bei dem aus einer Gleichspannung, die gegebenenfalls von einer Netzwechselspannung durch Gleichrichtung abgeleitet wird, mit einem Wechselrichter eine hochfrequente Wechselspannung zum Betreiben der Lampe erzeugt wird, die hierbei parallel zur Kapazität eines aus einer Kapazität und einer Induktivität gebildeten, die Heizwendeln der Lampe einschließenden Serienresonanzkreises angeordnet ist und bei dem während des Aufheizvorganges der Heizwendeln (Startintervallphase) zwischen dem Einschalten der Stromversorgung und dem Zünden der Lampe die an ihr anliegende Spannung auf einen Wert unterhalb ihrer Zündspannung begrenzt wird.The invention relates to a method and arrangements for operating a gas discharge lamp provided with heating filaments, in particular fluorescent lamp, in which a high-frequency alternating voltage for operating the lamp is generated from a direct voltage, which may be derived from a mains alternating voltage by rectification, with an inverter is arranged parallel to the capacitance of a series resonance circuit formed by a capacitance and an inductor, which includes the heating filaments of the lamp, and in which, during the heating process of the heating filaments (start interval phase) between switching on the power supply and igniting the lamp, the voltage applied to it is at a value is limited below its ignition voltage.
Einen Warmstart erfordernde Gasentladungslampen, die unter Verwendung eines elektronischen Vorschaltgerätes mit der hochfrequenten Ausgangsspannung eines Wechselrichters betrieben werden, sind allgemein bekannt. Hierbei ist es wichtig, daß beim Einschalten der Stromversorgung die an der Lampe auftretende Spannung den Zündspannungswert erst erreicht, wenn die Heizwendeln der Lampe ausreichend aufgeheizt sind.Gas discharge lamps which require a warm start and which are operated using an electronic ballast with the high-frequency output voltage of an inverter are generally known. It is important here that when the power supply is switched on, the voltage occurring at the lamp does not reach the ignition voltage value until the heating filaments of the lamp have heated up sufficiently.
Durch die Literaturstelle EP O O59 064 ist beispielsweise eine solche Warmstart-Gasentladungslampe bekannt, bei der die Frequenz des Wechselrichters unter Zuhilfenahme von Steuermitteln beim Einschalten der Spannungsversorgung zunächst mit einer Frequenz oberhalb der Resonanzfrequenz des Serienresonanzkreises arbeitet und zum Ende der Startintervallphase hin die Arbeitsfrequenz des Wechselrichters in Richtung auf die Resonanz des Serienresonanzkreises derart verringert wird, daß die dabei ansteigende Spannung an der Lampe die Lampe zündet.Such a warm start gas discharge lamp is known, for example, from reference EP 0 059 064, in which the frequency of the inverter, with the aid of control means when the power supply is switched on, first operates at a frequency above the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit and towards the end of the start interval phase Working frequency of the inverter is reduced in the direction of the resonance of the series resonant circuit in such a way that the increasing voltage across the lamp ignites the lamp.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Betriebseigenschaften einer Warmstart-Gasentladungslampe der einleitend beschriebenen Art hinsichtlich des benötigten Energiebedarfs zu verbessern.The invention has for its object to improve the operating properties of a warm start gas discharge lamp of the type described in the introduction with regard to the required energy requirement.
Diese Aufgabe wird ausgehend von einem Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gasentladungslampe der einleitend beschriebenen Art gemäß der Erfindung durch die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved on the basis of a method for operating a gas discharge lamp of the type described in the introduction according to the invention by the features specified in patent claim 1.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß nach dem Zünden der Lampe der Serienresonanzkreis für die sich in Betrieb befindliche Lampe keine Bedeutung mehr hat und auch durch die einen Nebenschluß zur Kapazität darstellende Brennstrecke der Lampe praktisch unwirksam ist. Somit kann im Betriebszustand der Lampe auch der die Kapazität enthaltende Stromzweig aufgetrennt werden. Dadurch wird der Verlustleistung in den Heizwendeln der Lampe bewirkende über die Kapazität fließende Stromanteil unterbrochen und der Betriebswirkungsgrad der Lampenschaltung in vorteilhafter Weise verbessert.The invention is based on the finding that after the lamp has been ignited, the series resonance circuit is no longer important for the lamp in operation and is also virtually ineffective due to the lamp's shunt path which represents a shunt to the capacity. Thus, in the operating state of the lamp, the current branch containing the capacitance can also be separated. As a result, the power loss in the heating filaments of the lamp, which causes the current component flowing through the capacitor, is interrupted and the operating efficiency of the lamp circuit is improved in an advantageous manner.
Eine zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens nach dem Patentanspruch 1 ist im weiteren Patentansprüchen 2 angegeben.A useful embodiment of the method according to claim 1 is specified in the further claims 2.
Wie die Literaturstelle DE 34 41 992 A1 bereits als bekannt nachweist, kann die Begrenzung der Lampenspannung auf einen Wert unterhalb der Zündspannung während der Startintervallphase auch dadurch herbeigeführt werden, daß bei fest vorgegebener Frequenz des Wechselrichters durch Verändern der wirksamen Kapazität des Serienresonanzkreises dessen Resonanzkurve über der Frequenz so verschoben wird, daß die Lampenspannung die Zündspannung erst am Ende der Startintervallphase erreicht. Hierbei kommt der Möglichkeit, den die Kapazität aufweisenden Stromzweig parallel zur Lampe zu unterbrechen, insbesondere dann eine besondere Bedeutung zu, wenn die Veränderung der wirksamen Kapazität mit Hilfe von temperaturabhängigen Widerständen oder aber mit Hilfe verlustbehafteter elektronischer Schalter vorgenommen wird.As the document DE 34 41 992 A1 already proves to be known, the limitation of the lamp voltage to a value below the ignition voltage during the start interval phase can also be brought about by changing the effective capacity of the series resonant circuit at a predetermined frequency of the inverter, its resonance curve above that Frequency is shifted so that the lamp voltage only reaches the ignition voltage at the end of the start interval phase. Here comes the possibility to interrupt the current branch having the capacity parallel to the lamp, especially if the change in the effective capacity is carried out with the help of temperature-dependent resistors or with the help of lossy electronic switches.
Zweckmäßige Anordnungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach den Patentansprüchen 1 und 2 sind ferner in den weiteren Patentansprüchen 3 bis 7 angegeben.Appropriate arrangements for carrying out the method according to claims 1 and 2 are further specified in the further claims 3 to 7.
In der Zeichnung bedeuten die der näheren Erläuterung der Erfindung dienenden Figuren
- Fig. 1 das Prinzipschaltbild einer von einem elektronischen Vorschaltgerät Gebrauch machenden Warmstart-Gasentladungslampe parallel zur Reihenschaltung eines Trennschalters mit der wirksamen Kapazität eines Serienresonanzkreises,
- Fig. 2 eine erste bevorzugte Ausführungsform einer variablen wirksamen Kapazität in Reihe mit einem Trennschalter bei einer Schaltungsanordnung nach Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3 eine Variante der variablen wirksamen Kapazität in Reihe mit einem Trennschalter entsprechend Fig. 2,
- Fig. 4 ein die Resonanzkurvenverschiebung bei Verwendung von variablen wirksamen Kapazitäten entsprechend den Figuren 2 und 3 näher erläuterndes Frequenz-Spannungsdiagramm,
- Fig. 5 eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform einer variablen wirksamen Kapazität in Reihe mit einem Trennschalter bei einer Schaltungsanordnung nach Fig. 1,
- Fig. 6 eine Variante der variablen wirksamen Kapazität in Reihe mit einem Trennschalter entsprechend Fig. 5,
- Fig. 7 ein die Resonanzkurvenverschiebung bei Verwendung variabler wirksamer Kapazitäten nach den Figuren 5 und 6 näher erläuterndes Frequenz-Spannungsdiagramm.
- 1 shows the basic circuit diagram of a warm start gas discharge lamp making use of an electronic ballast in parallel with the series connection of an isolating switch with the effective capacity of a series resonant circuit,
- 2 shows a first preferred embodiment of a variable effective capacitance in series with a disconnector in a circuit arrangement according to FIG. 1,
- 3 shows a variant of the variable effective capacitance in series with a disconnector corresponding to FIG. 2,
- 4 shows a frequency-voltage diagram which explains the resonance curve shift when using variable effective capacitances in accordance with FIGS. 2 and 3,
- 5 shows a further preferred embodiment of a variable effective capacitance in series with a circuit breaker in a circuit arrangement according to FIG. 1,
- 6 shows a variant of the variable effective capacitance in series with a disconnector corresponding to FIG. 5,
- 7 shows a frequency-voltage diagram which explains the resonance curve shift when using variable effective capacitances according to FIGS. 5 and 6.
Das Prinzipschaltbild nach Fig. 1 für eine mit einem elektronischen Vorschaltgerät arbeitende Gasentladungslampe weist netzspannungsseitig zunächst eine Gleichrichterschaltung GL auf, deren ausgangsseitig gleichgerichtetete und geglättete Netzwechselspannung dem sich hieran anschließenden Wechselrichter WR als Betriebsgleichspannung dient. Die hochfrequente Wechselspannung des Wechselrichters WR wird ihrerseits über einen Koppelkondensator Co zum Betreiben der Lampe G der Lampenschaltung LS zugeführt.The basic circuit diagram according to FIG. 1 for a gas discharge lamp working with an electronic ballast initially has a rectifier circuit GL on the mains voltage side, the rectified circuit GL of which on the output side is rectified and smoothed and serves as the DC operating voltage for the inverter WR connected to it. The high-frequency AC voltage of the inverter WR is in turn supplied to the lamp circuit LS via a coupling capacitor Co for operating the lamp G.
Die Lampenschaltung LS weist neben der Lampe G einen Serienresonanzkreis mit der variablen wirksamen Kapazität C und der eine Drossel darstellenden Induktivität L auf. In diesen Serienresonanzkreis sind die Heizwendeln HW der Lampe G mit einbezogen. Die Lampe G liegt dabei parallel zur wirksamen Kapazität C des Serienresonanzkreises. Gemäß der Erfindung ist der Lampe G die Reihenschaltung aus der wirksamen Kapazität C mit einem Trennschalter S parallel geschaltet, der geöffnet und damit die wirksame Kapazität abgeschaltet wird, sobald die Lampe gezündet hat.In addition to the lamp G, the lamp circuit LS has a series resonance circuit with the variable effective capacitance C and the inductance L which represents a choke. The heating coils HW of lamp G are also included in this series resonance circuit. The lamp G is parallel to the effective capacity C of the series resonant circuit. According to the invention, the lamp G is connected in parallel with the series connection of the effective capacitance C with a disconnector S which is opened and the effective capacitance is thus switched off as soon as the lamp has ignited.
In Fig. 1 ist in unterbrochener Line eine Steuerspannung für die wirksame Kapazität C angedeutet, die hierbei die gleichgerichtete geglättete Wechselspannung am Ausgang des Gleichrichters GL ist. Die unterbrochen gezeichnete Steuerleitung l deutet an, daß dies eine von mehreren Mögichkeiten ist, die in diesem Falle veränderbar ausgeführte wirksame Kapazität zu steuern. Hierauf wird im Zusammenhang mit der Beschreibung der folgenden Figuren noch näher eingegangen.In Fig. 1, a control voltage for the effective capacitance C is indicated in broken line, which is the rectified smoothed AC voltage at the output of the rectifier GL. The interrupted control line 1 indicates that this is one of several possibilities for controlling the effective capacity, which in this case is of variable design. This will be discussed in more detail in connection with the description of the following figures.
Bei der ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer mit einer veränderbaren wirksamen Kapazität C in Reihe mit einem Trennschalter S nach Fig. 2 bei einer Lampenschaltung LS nach Fig. 1 ist die veränderbare wirksame Kapazität C durch die Reihenschaltung des Kondensators C1 mit der Parallelschaltung aus dem Kondensator C2 und dem positiv temperaturabhängigen Widerstand TWl verwirklicht. Bei Verwendung dieser Lampenschaltung LS ist die Frequenz fz des Wechselrichters, bezogen auf den Verschiebungsbereich der Resonanzkurve des Serienresonanzkreises, so festgelegt, daß die Frequenz fz stets oberhalb der Resonanzfrequenz des Serienresonanzkreises liegt.In the first preferred embodiment of a variable capacitance C in series with a circuit breaker S according to FIG. 2 for a lamp circuit LS according to FIG the positive temperature-dependent resistance TWl realized. When this lamp circuit LS is used, the frequency fz of the inverter, based on the shift range of the resonance curve of the series resonance circuit, is fixed in such a way that the frequency fz is always above the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit.
Anhand des Frequenz-Spannungsdiagramms nach Fig. 4 soll nunmehr die Funktion der Lampenschaltung LS mit einer veränderbaren wirksamen Kapazität nach Fig. 2 näher beschrieben werden. Beim Einschalten der Stromversorgung kann in erster Näherung davon ausgegangen werden, daß die Resonanzfrequenz des Serienresonanzkreises im wesentlichen durch den Kondensator Cl und die Induktivität L bestimmt ist. Die über der Frequenz f aufgetragene Lampenspannung ul ergibt bei Einschalten der Stromversorgung eine Resonanzkurve des Serienresonanzkreises mit der Frequenz fr1. Die Lampenspannung ul weist hier die Lampenstartspannung uo auf, da die Frequenz fz des Wechselrichters relativ weit unten auf dem oberen Ast der Resonanzkurve mit der Resonanzfrequenz fr1 zu liegen kommt. Der Kondensator C2 ist beim Einschalten der Stromversorgung praktisch durch den einen Kaltleiter darstellenden positiv temperaturabhängigen Widerstand TW1 kurzgeschlossen.The function of the lamp circuit LS with a variable effective capacitance according to FIG. 2 will now be described in more detail with reference to the frequency-voltage diagram according to FIG. 4. When the power supply is switched on, it can be assumed in a first approximation that the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit is essentially determined by the capacitor C1 and the inductance L. The lamp voltage ul plotted against the frequency f results in a resonance curve of the series resonance circuit with the frequency fr1 when the power supply is switched on. The lamp voltage ul here has the lamp start voltage uo, since the frequency fz of the inverter comes to lie relatively far down on the upper branch of the resonance curve with the resonance frequency fr1. When the power supply is switched on, the capacitor C2 is practically short-circuited by the positive temperature-dependent resistor TW1, which represents a PTC thermistor.
Durch den beim Einschalten über den Serienresonanzkreis und die Heizwendeln HW der Lampe G fließenden Strom werden die Heizwendeln HW aufgeheizt. Gleichzeitig wird auch der positiv temperaturabhängige Widerstand TW1 aufgeheizt, so daß sein Widerstandswert ständig zunimmt. Dies hat zur Folge, daß mit zunehmendem Widerstandswert des Kaltleiters auch der Kondensator C2 in Reihe mit dem Kondensator C1 mehr und mehr die Resonanz des Resonanzkreises mitbestimmt. Dies bewirkt ein Verschieben der Resonanzkurve im Diagramm nach Fig. 4 nach rechts wie der angegebene Pfeil andeutet. Die Folge davon ist, daß die Lampenspannung ul zunimmt, weil sich der Schnittpunkt der Frequenz fz auf dem oberen Ast der Resonanzkurve mehr und mehr nach oben verschiebt, bis schließlich die Lampenspannung ul die Lampenzündspannung uz erreicht, bei der die Lampe G zündet. In diesem Zeitpunkt ist die Resonanzkurve mit der Resonanzfrequenz fr1 in die Resonanzkurve mit der Resonanzfrequenz fr2 übergegangen.The heating coils HW are heated up by the current flowing through the series resonance circuit and the heating coils HW of the lamp G when switched on. At the same time, the positive temperature-dependent resistor TW1 is also heated, so that its resistance value increases continuously. The consequence of this is that, with increasing resistance of the PTC thermistor, capacitor C2 in series with capacitor C1 also increasingly determines the resonance of the resonant circuit. This causes the resonance curve in the diagram according to FIG. 4 to be shifted to the right, as indicated by the arrow indicated. The result of this is that the lamp voltage ul increases because the point of intersection of the frequency fz on the upper branch of the resonance curve shifts more and more until finally the lamp voltage ul reaches the lamp ignition voltage uz at which the lamp G ignites. In At this point in time, the resonance curve with the resonance frequency fr1 has changed into the resonance curve with the resonance frequency fr2.
Sobald die Lampe G gezündet hat, kommt dem Serienresonanzkreis für die weitere Betriebsfunktion im allgemeinen keine Bedeutung mehr zu. Gemäß der Erfindung wird dieser Sachverhalt zum Abschalten des die änderbare wirksame Kapazität C enthaltenden Stromzweigs parallel zur Lampe G im Anschluß an das Zünden der Lampe durch Öffnen des Trennschalters S ausgenutzt und damit die durch den ansonsten über diesen Stromzweig während der Betriebsdauer fließenden Strom bedingte Verlustleistung unterbunden.As soon as the lamp G has ignited, the series resonance circuit is generally of no importance for the further operating function. According to the invention, this fact is used to switch off the current branch containing the changeable effective capacity C parallel to the lamp G after the lamp has been ignited by opening the isolating switch S and thus the power loss caused by the current flowing through this branch during the operating period is prevented .
Die in Fig. 3 angegebene Variante für eine veränderbare wirksame Kapazität C in Reihe mit einem Trennschalter S unterscheidet sich von der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2 dadurch, daß hier der positive temperaturabhängige Widerstand TW1 durch den Schwellwertschalter SW ersetzt ist. Dem Schwellwertschalter SW ist steuereingangsseitig das Zeitkonstantenglied τ vorgeschaltet. Die Steuerspannung kann dem Schwellwertschalter SW über das Zeitkonstantenglied τ entsprechend Fig. 1 über die dort dargestellte unterbrochen gezeichnete Steuerleitung l in Form der gleichgerichteten Wechselspannung am Ausgang der Gleichrichteranordnung GL zugeführt werden. Beim Einschalten der Spannungsversorgung wird die Gleichspannung über das Zeitkonstantenglied τ so weit zeitverzögert am Steuereingang des Schwellwertschalters SW wirksam, daß der Schwellwertschalter SW erst öffnet und damit den Kondensator C2 unwirksam macht, wenn die Heizwendeln HW der Lampe G im Sinne der Gewährleistung des Warmstartes ausreichend aufgeheizt sind. Der einzige Unterschied besteht hier darin, daß das Verschieben der Resonanzkurve des Serienresonanzkreises von der Resonanzkurve mit der Resonanzfrequenz fr1 in die Resonanzkurve mit der Resonanzfrequenz fr2 nicht kontinuierlich sondern entsprechend dem Schaltvorgang sprungartig erfolgt.The variant shown in FIG. 3 for a variable effective capacitance C in series with a disconnector S differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 in that the positive temperature-dependent resistor TW1 is replaced by the threshold switch SW. The time constant element τ is connected upstream of the threshold switch SW on the control input side. The control voltage can be supplied to the threshold switch SW via the time constant element τ corresponding to FIG. 1 via the control line 1 shown in broken lines in the form of the rectified AC voltage at the output of the rectifier arrangement GL. When the voltage supply is switched on, the DC voltage becomes effective with a time delay at the control input of the threshold switch SW so that the threshold switch SW only opens and thus makes the capacitor C2 ineffective when the heating filaments HW of the lamp G are sufficiently heated in order to ensure a warm start are. The only difference here is that the shifting of the resonance curve of the series resonance circuit from the resonance curve with the resonance frequency fr1 into the resonance curve with the resonance frequency fr2 does not take place continuously but in a sudden manner in accordance with the switching process.
Während bei den Ausführungsbeispielen der veränderbaren wirksamen Kapazität C nach den Figuren 2 und 3, wie das das Frequenz-Spannungsdiagramm nach Fig. 4 zeigt, die Frequenz fz des Wechselrichters stets oberhalb der Resonanzfrequenz des Serienresonanzkreises liegt, ist dies bei den Ausführungsbeispielen nach den Fig. 5 und 6 gerade umgekehrt. Hier liegt die Frequenz fz des Wechselrichters stets unterhalb der Resonanzfrequenz des Serienresonanzkreises.While in the embodiments of the changeable 4, the frequency fz of the inverter is always above the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit, this is the other way round in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 5 and 6. Here the frequency fz of the inverter is always below the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit.
Die veränderbare wirksame Kapazität nach Fig. 5 unterscheidet sich von der veränderbaren wirksamen Kapazität C nach Fig. 2 lediglich dadurch, daß nunmehr die Kondensatoren C1 und C2 nicht mehr in Reihe sondern einander parallel geschaltet sind und der temperaturabhängige Widerstand, der hier in Reihe zum Kondensator C1 liegt, ein negativ temperaturabhängiger Widerstand TW2 ist.The variable effective capacitance according to FIG. 5 differs from the variable effective capacitance C according to FIG. 2 only in that the capacitors C1 and C2 are no longer connected in series but in parallel and the temperature-dependent resistance, which here in series with the capacitor C1 is a negative temperature-dependent resistor TW2.
Beim Einschalten der Stromversorgung wird zunächst einmal durch den hohen Widerstand des negativ temperaturabhängigen Widerstandes TW2 in erster Näherung nur der Kondensator C2 wirksam. Die zugehörige Resonanzkurve mit der Resonanzfrequenz fr3 ist im Frequenz-Spannungsdiagramm nach Fig. 7 dargestellt. Durch den nunmehr fließenden Strom werden neben den Heizwendeln HW auch der negativ temperaturabhängige Widerstand TW2 aufgeheizt, wodurch sein Widerstandswert mit zunehmender Temperatur immer kleiner wird. Dies hat zur Folge, daß der Kondensator C1 parallel zum Kondensator C2 für die Resonanzfrequenz des Serienresonanzkreises mehr und mehr mitbestimmend wird. Die Resonanzkurve mit der Resonanzfrequenz fr3 verschiebt sich in Richtung des in Fig. 7 angegebenen Pfeiles zu tieferen Frequenzen und läßt hierdurch die durch die Wechselspannung mit der Frequenz fz an der Lampe wirksame Spannung von der Lampenstartspannung uo zur Lampenzündspannung uz ansteigen. Die Resonanzkurve in Fig. 7 hat bei Erreichen der Lampenzündspannung uz die Resonanzfrequenz fr4. Sobald die Lampe G gezündet hat, wird der Trennschalter S geöffnet und damit der Nebenschluß zur Lampe G im Betrieb der Lampe aufgehoben.When the power supply is switched on, due to the high resistance of the negative temperature-dependent resistor TW2, only the capacitor C2 is effective in a first approximation. The associated resonance curve with the resonance frequency fr3 is shown in the frequency-voltage diagram according to FIG. 7. As a result of the current now flowing, in addition to the heating coils HW, the negative temperature-dependent resistor TW2 is also heated, as a result of which its resistance value becomes smaller and smaller with increasing temperature. The result of this is that capacitor C1, in parallel with capacitor C2, becomes more and more a determining factor for the resonant frequency of the series resonant circuit. The resonance curve with the resonance frequency fr3 shifts in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 7 to lower frequencies and as a result the voltage effective at the lamp due to the alternating voltage with the frequency fz increases from the lamp start voltage uo to the lamp ignition voltage uz. The resonance curve in FIG. 7 has the resonance frequency fr4 when the lamp ignition voltage u is reached. As soon as the lamp G has ignited, the isolating switch S is opened and thus the shunt to the lamp G is released when the lamp is in operation.
Die Variante der variablen wirksamen Kapazität C nach Fig. 6 unterscheidet sich von der in Fig. 5 angegebenen Ausführungsform wiederum lediglich dadurch, daß hier der negativ temperaturabhängige Widerstand TW2 durch den Schwellwertschalter SW mit dem seinem Steuereingang vorgeschalteten Zeitkonstantenglied τ ersetzt ist, der zum Umschalten der Resonanzkurve geschlossen wird.The variant of the variable effective capacitance C according to FIG. 6 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 again only in that the negative temperature-dependent resistor TW2 is replaced by the threshold switch SW with the time constant element τ connected upstream of its control input, which is closed to switch over the resonance curve.
Der Trennschalter S läßt sich auf verschiedene Weise verwirklichen.The disconnector S can be implemented in various ways.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführung besteht in einer Vierschichtdiode, die hinsichtlich ihrer Durchbruchsspannung so bemessen ist, daß sie sich im Zeitraum zwischen dem Einschalten der Stromversorgung und dem Zünden der Lampe G im leitenden und im Brennzustand der Lampe G im gesperrten Zustand befindet.A particularly advantageous embodiment consists of a four-layer diode, which is dimensioned with regard to its breakdown voltage so that it is in the period between the switching on of the power supply and the ignition of the lamp G in the conductive state and in the burning state of the lamp G in the blocked state.
Es ist auch denkbar, die Steuerung des Trennschalters S abhängig davon zu machen, ob die Lampe G Licht aussendet oder nicht.It is also conceivable to make the control of the disconnector S dependent on whether the lamp G emits light or not.
Der Trennschalter würde in diesem Fall aus einer von einem optoelektronischen Halbleiterwandler gesteuerten Schaltungsanordnung bestehen, beispielsweise aus der Kombination eines Foto- und eines Schalttransistors.In this case, the isolating switch would consist of a circuit arrangement controlled by an optoelectronic semiconductor converter, for example the combination of a photo and a switching transistor.
Das angegebene Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gasentladungslampe einschließlich der hierfür angegebenen speziellen Lampenschaltungen lassen sich mit Vorteil bei allen Warmstart-Niederdruckgasentladungslampen zur Anwendung bringen.The specified method for operating a gas discharge lamp, including the special lamp circuits specified for this purpose, can advantageously be used in all warm-start, low-pressure gas discharge lamps.
Claims (7)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Serienresonanzkreis im Anschluß an das Zünden der Lampe (G) durch Unterbrechen des die wirksame Kapazität (C) aufweisenden, der Lampe parallel liegenden Stromzweigs mittels eines Frequenzschalters (S) unwirksam gemacht wird und unwirksam bleibt, solange die Lampe in Betrieb ist.1. A method for operating a gas discharge lamp provided with heating filaments, in particular a fluorescent lamp, in which a high-frequency AC voltage for operating the lamp is generated from a DC voltage, which may be derived from a mains AC voltage by rectification, which in this case runs parallel to the capacity of one a capacitance and an inductance formed, the series including the heating filaments of the lamp is arranged and in which during the heating process of the heating filaments (start interval phase) between switching on the power supply and igniting the lamp, the voltage applied to it is limited to a value below its ignition voltage,
characterized in that the series resonance circuit following the ignition of the lamp (G) is made ineffective by means of a frequency switch (S) by interrupting the current branch which has the effective capacitance (C) and which is parallel to the lamp and remains ineffective as long as the lamp is in operation is.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wirksame Kapazität (C) zu Beginn einer Startintervallphase einen Wert aufweist, bei dem die Frequenzdifferenz aus der Resonanzfrequenz (fr) des Serienresonanzkreises (L, C) und der Frequenz (fz) des Wechselrichters (WR) die gewünschte Begrenzung der Lampenspannung (ul) unter die Zündspannung (uz) sicher gewährleistet und daß die wirksame Kapazität (C) im Sinne einer Verringerung der genannten Frequenzdifferenz bzw. einer Erhöhung der Lampenspannung (ul) bis zur Lampenzündspannung (uz) entweder während der Startintervallphase kontinuierlich oder aber am Ende der Startintervallphase diskontinuierlich verändert wird.2. The method in which the inverter operates at a fixed frequency according to claim 1.
characterized in that the effective capacitance (C) at the beginning of a start interval phase has a value at which the frequency difference from the resonance frequency (fr) of the series resonance circuit (L, C) and the frequency (fz) of the inverter (WR) the desired limitation of Lamp voltage (ul) guaranteed below the ignition voltage (uz) and that the effective capacity (C) in the sense of reducing the frequency difference mentioned or increasing the lamp voltage (ul) up to the lamp ignition voltage (uz) either continuously during the start interval phase or on Is changed discontinuously at the end of the start interval phase.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der die veränderbare wirksame Kapazität (C) in Reihe mit dem Trennschalter (S) darstellende Stromzweig aus der Reihenschaltung eines ersten Kondensators (C1) mit der Parallelschaltung aus einem zweiten Kondensator (C2) und einem positiv temperaturabhängigen Widerstand (TW1) besteht.3. Arrangement for performing the method according to claim 1 and 2,
characterized in that the current branch representing the variable effective capacitance (C) in series with the isolating switch (S) consists of the series connection of a first capacitor (C1) with the parallel connection of a second capacitor (C2) and a positive temperature-dependent resistor (TW1) .
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der die veränderbare wirksame Kapazität (C) in Reihe mit dem Trennschalter (S) darstellende Stromzweig aus der Parallelschaltung der Reihenschaltung eines ersten Kondensators (C1) und eines negativ temperaturabhängigen Widerstandes (TW2) mit einem zweiten Kondensator (C2) besteht.4. Arrangement for performing the method according to claim 1 and 2,
characterized in that the current branch representing the variable effective capacitance (C) in series with the isolating switch (S) consists of the parallel connection of the series connection of a first capacitor (C1) and a negative temperature-dependent resistor (TW2) with a second capacitor (C2).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der temperaturabhängige Widerstand (TW1,2) durch einen in seinem Ansprechverhalten zeitverzögerten Schalter (SW/τ) ersetzt ist.5. Arrangement according to claim 3 or 4,
characterized in that the temperature-dependent resistor (TW1,2) is replaced by a switch (SW / τ) which is delayed in its response behavior.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Trennschalter (S) eine vom Lampenlicht über einen optoelektrischen Halbleiterwandler gesteuerte Schaltanordnung ist.7. Arrangement according to claim 7 or 8,
characterized in that the isolating switch (S) is a switching arrangement controlled by the lamp light via an optoelectric semiconductor converter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE3628013 | 1986-08-19 | ||
DE3628013 | 1986-08-19 |
Publications (1)
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EP0259646A1 true EP0259646A1 (en) | 1988-03-16 |
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ID=6307654
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87111833A Withdrawn EP0259646A1 (en) | 1986-08-19 | 1987-08-14 | Method and arrangement for supplying a gaseous discharge lamp |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4730147A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0259646A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6351094A (en) |
FI (1) | FI873573A (en) |
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EP0378992A1 (en) * | 1989-01-16 | 1990-07-25 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Circuitry for driving discharge lamps |
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DE4116288A1 (en) * | 1990-01-31 | 1992-11-19 | Siemens Ag | Electronic starting and control circuit for fluorescent lamp - has warm start electrodes coupled into resonance circuit with variable capacitor for starting conditions |
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US5105889A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-04-21 | Misikov Taimuraz K | Method of production of formation fluid and device for effecting thereof |
WO1993012631A1 (en) * | 1991-12-09 | 1993-06-24 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Circuit for operating one or more low-pressure discharge lamps |
EP0583838A3 (en) * | 1992-08-20 | 1994-03-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Lamp ballast circuit |
EP0583838A2 (en) * | 1992-08-20 | 1994-02-23 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Lamp ballast circuit |
AT403870B (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1998-06-25 | Tridonic Bauelemente | IGNITION UNIT FOR COLD START DISCHARGE LAMPS |
WO1995010168A1 (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1995-04-13 | C.M. Personnel Participation B.V. | Electronic ballast for gas discharge lamps |
NL9301694A (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1995-05-01 | Cm Personnel Participation Bv | Electronic ballast for gas discharge tubes. |
EP0752804A1 (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1997-01-08 | MAGNETEK S.p.A. | Supply circuit for discharge lamps with means for preheating the electrodes |
US5801491A (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1998-09-01 | Magnetek S.P.A. | Supply circuit for discharge lamps with means for preheating the electrodes |
WO2000022892A2 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-20 | Electro-Mag International, Inc. | Ballast power control circuit |
WO2000022892A3 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-08-10 | Electro Mag Int Inc | Ballast power control circuit |
US6181082B1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2001-01-30 | Electro-Mag International, Inc. | Ballast power control circuit |
CN105282946A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-01-27 | 陈畅 | High-power-factor fluorescent lamp circuit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4730147A (en) | 1988-03-08 |
JPS6351094A (en) | 1988-03-04 |
FI873573A (en) | 1988-02-20 |
FI873573A0 (en) | 1987-08-18 |
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