DE19646666A1 - Charging system for battery driven electrical vehicle - Google Patents

Charging system for battery driven electrical vehicle

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Publication number
DE19646666A1
DE19646666A1 DE19646666A DE19646666A DE19646666A1 DE 19646666 A1 DE19646666 A1 DE 19646666A1 DE 19646666 A DE19646666 A DE 19646666A DE 19646666 A DE19646666 A DE 19646666A DE 19646666 A1 DE19646666 A1 DE 19646666A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
battery
charging
voltage
board
transformer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19646666A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Otmar Dipl Ing Bitsche
Klaus Dipl Ing Dr Tec Krischan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Steyr Daimler Puch AG
Original Assignee
Steyr Daimler Puch AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Steyr Daimler Puch AG filed Critical Steyr Daimler Puch AG
Publication of DE19646666A1 publication Critical patent/DE19646666A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/52—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by DC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

The system for on-board charging of the batteries of an electrical vehicle has a rectifier circuit (3) that is coupled to a voltage converter (4) and a chopper circuit (5). A transformer (7) has the secondary winding (9) coupled via a diode (10) and capacitor (11) smoothing circuit to the vehicle battery via a switching stage (12) that effects changeover to the charging mode. A further secondary winding (8) is coupled to the converter.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Ladevorrichtung für ein batteriebetriebenes Fahrzeug mit wenigstens einer Fahrbatterie zum Betreiben eines Elektromotors und wenigstens einer Bord­ batterie zur Versorgung eines Bordnetzes, bestehend aus einer mittels einer Umschalteinrichtung wahlweise an die Fahrbat­ terie oder über eine Gleichrichterschaltung an ein Versor­ gungsnetz anschließbaren, gesteuerten Zerhackerschaltung, die ausgangsseitig an der Primärwicklung eines Transformators an­ liegt, über dessen Sekundärwicklungen einerseits die über die Umschalteinrichtung anschließbare Fahrbatterie und anderseits die Bordbatterie aufladbar sind.The invention relates to a charging device for a battery-powered vehicle with at least one traction battery for operating an electric motor and at least one board battery for supplying an electrical system, consisting of a optionally to the Fahrbat by means of a switching device terie or via a rectifier circuit to a supplier Connectable controlled chopper circuit, the on the output side of the primary winding of a transformer lies, over the secondary windings on the one hand over the Switching device connectable traction battery and on the other the on-board battery is rechargeable.

Weist ein batteriebetriebenes Fahrzeug neben der Fahrbatterie zum Betreiben eines Elektromotors eine zusätzliche Bordbat­ terie zur Versorgung eines Bordnetzes auf, so können diese Batterien über gesonderte Ladevorrichtungen von einem Ver­ sorgungsnetz her geladen werden, was mit einem entsprechenden Aufwand verbunden ist. Um den Aufwand von getrennten Ladevor­ richtungen zu vermeiden, wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, die Auf­ ladung sowohl der Fahrbatterie als auch der Bordbatterie über einen gemeinsamen Transformator mit zwei Sekundärwicklungen durchzuführen, so daß die Fahrbatterie über die eine und die Bordbatterie über die andere der Sekundärwicklungen geladen werden kann. Während die Bordbatterie bleibend mit der zuge­ hörigen Sekundärwicklung des Transformators verbunden bleiben kann, wird die Fahrbatterie über eine Umschalteinrichtung nur für den Ladebetrieb an den Transformator angelegt. Zur An­ speisung des Transformators mit hochfrequenten Spannungsim­ pulsen dient eine Zerhackerschaltung, die über die Umschalt­ einrichtung wahlweise an die Fahrbatterie oder über eine Gleichrichterschaltung an das Versorgungsnetz angeschlossen werden kann. Die Spannungsregelung für den Transformator erfolgt über eine Steuereinrichtung der Zerhackerschaltung in Abhängigkeit einerseits von der Ladespannung und dem Ladestrom der Fahrbatterie und anderseits von der Spannung der Bordbat­ terie, je nach der Stellung der Umschalteinrichtung. Im Lade­ betrieb wird daher die Fahrbatterie unter Berücksichtigung des Ladestromes und der Ladespannung vom Versorgungsnetz her auf­ geladen. Mit der Umschaltung vom Lade- in den Fahrbetrieb wird die Fahrbatterie vom Transformator getrennt und an die Zer­ hackerschaltung angeschlossen, so daß die Bordbatterie in Ab­ hängigkeit von ihrer Spannung über den Transformator von der Fahrbatterie her geladen werden kann. Die Sekundärwicklung für das Laden der Fahrbatterie befindet sich dabei im Leerlauf. Eine solche Ladevorrichtung erlaubt zwar ein Aufladen sowohl der Fahrbatterie als auch der Bordbatterie galvanisch getrennt über einen gemeinsamen Transformator, doch muß die Zerhacker­ schaltung zur Spannungssteuerung verhältnismäßig aufwendig ge­ tastet werden, da sich die Eingangsspannungen im Ladebetrieb und im Fahrbetrieb stark unterscheiden, wobei sich Verände­ rungen im Tastverhältnis nachteilig auf den Wirkungsgrad und die Baugröße des Transformators und der Schalter der Zer­ hackerschaltung auswirken können.Instructs a battery powered vehicle next to the traction battery an additional on-board battery for operating an electric motor terie to supply an electrical system, so this can Batteries via separate charging devices from a Ver supply network, what with an appropriate Effort is connected. To the expense of separate charging Avoiding directions has already been proposed, the up charge of both the traction battery and the on-board battery a common transformer with two secondary windings perform so that the traction battery over one and the On-board battery charged via the other of the secondary windings can be. While the on-board battery stays with the  appropriate secondary winding of the transformer remain connected can, the traction battery is only switched over applied to the transformer for charging. To the Feeding the transformer with high-frequency voltage im pulse serves a chopper circuit, which is switched device either on the traction battery or via a Rectifier circuit connected to the supply network can be. The voltage regulation for the transformer takes place via a control device of the chopper circuit in Dependence on the one hand on the charging voltage and the charging current the traction battery and on the other hand the voltage of the onboard battery terie, depending on the position of the switching device. In the drawer The traction battery is therefore operated taking into account the Charging currents and the charging voltage from the supply network loaded. With the switch from charging to driving mode the traction battery is separated from the transformer and connected to the Zer hacker circuit connected so that the on-board battery in Ab dependence on their voltage across the transformer of the Drive battery can be charged here. The secondary winding for the charging of the traction battery is idle. Such a charging device allows both charging the traction battery and the on-board battery galvanically isolated through a common transformer, but the chopper must circuit for voltage control relatively expensive ge be felt because the input voltages are in charging mode and differ greatly in driving, with changes in the duty cycle adversely affects the efficiency and the size of the transformer and the switch of the Zer hacker circuit can affect.

Darüber hinaus ist es zum Laden einer Fahrbatterie eines batteriebetriebenen Fahrzeuges bekannt (AT 400 555 B), über einen eingangsseitig an eine Gleichrichterschaltung anlie­ genden, gesteuerten Hochsetzsteller einen Zwischenschaltkreis in Abhängigkeit vom Ladestrom und von der Ladespannung der Fahrbatterie aufzuladen, so daß über diesen Zwischenkreis die Batterieladung in einfacher Weise erfolgen kann. Diese Lade­ vorrichtung ist allerdings nur zur Ladung der Fahrbatterie geeignet.In addition, it is used to charge a travel battery battery-powered vehicle known (AT 400 555 B), about connect one on the input side to a rectifier circuit controlled step-up converter an intermediate circuit depending on the charging current and the charging voltage of the Charging the traction battery, so that the DC link Battery charging can be done in a simple manner. This drawer  However, the device is only for charging the traction battery suitable.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Ladevor­ richtung für ein batteriebetriebenes Fahrzeug der eingangs geschilderten Art so zu verbessern, daß mit einer einfachen Steuerung eine vorteilhafte Aufladung sowohl der Fahr- als auch der Bordbatterie ermöglicht wird, und zwar bei einer optimalen Ausnutzung des Transformators.The invention is therefore based on the object, a loading direction for a battery powered vehicle at the entrance described way to improve so that with a simple Control advantageous charging of both the driving and the on-board battery is also possible, and that with one optimal utilization of the transformer.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, daß der in einem vorgegebenen Tastverhältnis angesteuerten Zerhacker­ schaltung in an sich bekannter Weise ein elektronischer Spannungswandler mit einer Steuereinrichtung vorgeschaltet ist, die die Eingangsspannung der Zerhackerschaltung über den Spannungswandler in der Schaltstellung der Umschalteinrichtung für das Laden der Fahrbatterie in Abhängigkeit von der Lade­ spannung und dem Ladestrom und in der Schaltstellung für den Fahrbetrieb in Abhängigkeit von der Spannung der Bordbatterie ansteuert.The invention solves the problem that the in a chopper controlled by a predetermined duty cycle circuit in a conventional manner, an electronic Voltage converter connected upstream with a control device which is the input voltage of the chopper circuit across the Voltage converter in the switching position of the switching device for charging the traction battery depending on the charge voltage and the charging current and in the switch position for the Driving operation depending on the voltage of the on-board battery controls.

Bei einer entsprechenden Ansteuerung des elektronischen Spannungswandlers kann der Zerhackerschaltung eine solche Eingangsspannung vorgegeben werden, daß an den Sekundär­ wicklungen des Transformators bestimmte Spannungen bzw. Ströme abgegriffen werden können, ohne einen zusätzlichen Steuerein­ griff über eine Änderung des Tastverhältnisses der Zerhacker­ schaltung vornehmen zu müssen. Die Zerhackerschaltung kann folglich mit einem vorgegebenen, konstanten Tastverhältnis betrieben werden, was eine optimale Ausnützung des Transfor­ mators erlaubt. Die Ansteuerung des elektronischen Spannungs­ wandlers kann dabei vergleichsweise einfach ausfallen, weil im Ladebetrieb für die Fahrbatterie lediglich eine entsprechende Abhängigkeit der Ausgangsspannung des Spannungswandlers von der Ladespannung bzw. dem Ladestrom der Fahrbatterie erzielt werden muß. Durch eine geeignete Wahl des Tastverhältnisses läßt sich außerdem eine oberwellenarme Stromaufnahme aus dem Versorgungsnetz erreichen.With a corresponding control of the electronic Voltage converter can the chopper circuit such Input voltage that are given to the secondary windings of the transformer certain voltages or currents can be tapped without an additional tax reached over a change in the duty cycle of the chopper circuit. The chopper circuit can consequently with a predetermined, constant duty cycle operated, which is an optimal use of the Transfor mators allowed. The control of the electronic voltage converter can be comparatively simple because in Charging operation for the traction battery only a corresponding one Dependency of the output voltage of the voltage converter on the charging voltage or the charging current of the traction battery must become. Through a suitable choice of the duty cycle  can also a low harmonic current consumption from the Reach the supply network.

Während des Fahrbetriebes, also bei vom Transformator abge­ schalteter Fahrbatterie, kann über den elektronischen Span­ nungswandler der Zerhackerschaltung eine Eingangsspannung vor­ gegeben werden, die an der der Bordbatterie zugehörigen Sekun­ därwicklung des Transformators eine an die Bordnetzspannung angepaßte Spannung sicherstellt. Zu diesem Zweck kann die Spannung der Bordbatterie bzw. des Bordnetzes erfaßt und der Steuereinrichtung für den elektronischen Spannungswandler zugeführt werden. Aufgrund einer entsprechenden Auslegung der Sekundärwicklungen des Transformators auf die höchst zuläs­ sigen Ladespannungen der Fahr- bzw. der Bordbatterie ergibt sich für die Ausgangsspannung des Spannungswandlers ein zu­ mindest angenähert gleichbleibender Bereich sowohl für den Fahr- als auch für den Ladebetrieb.During operation, that is, with the transformer switched travel battery, can via the electronic chip voltage converter of the chopper circuit an input voltage are given to the seconds belonging to the on-board battery The transformer is connected to the vehicle electrical system voltage ensures adapted voltage. For this purpose the Detected voltage of the on-board battery or the on-board network and the Control device for the electronic voltage converter be fed. Due to an appropriate interpretation of the Secondary windings of the transformer to the max sig charging voltages of the vehicle or on-board battery for the output voltage of the voltage converter at least approximately the same area for both Driving as well as for charging.

In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand beispielsweise dargestellt, und zwar wird eine erfindungsgemäße Ladevor­ richtung für ein batteriebetriebenes Fahrzeug in einem schematischen Blockschaltbild gezeigt.In the drawing, the subject matter of the invention is, for example shown, namely a charging according to the invention direction for a battery-powered vehicle in one schematic block diagram shown.

Die dargestellte Ladevorrichtung für die Fahrbatterie 1 eines nicht näher dargestellten batteriebetriebenen Fahrzeuges, das neben der Fahrbatterie 1 eine gesonderte Bordbatterie 2 zur Versorgung eines Bordnetzes aufweist, besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Gleichrichterschaltung 3, die über einen elektro­ nischen Spannungswandler 4 eine Zerhackerschaltung 5 anspeist, an die ausgangsseitig die Primärwicklung 6 eines Transfor­ mators 7 angeschlossen ist. Der Primärwicklung 6 des Transfor­ mators 7 ist je eine Sekundärwicklung 8,9 für die beiden Bat­ terien 1 und 2 zugeordnet. Während die Sekundärwicklung 9 über eine Gleichrichterschaltung aus zwei Dioden 10 und einem Glät­ tungskondensator 11 bleibend an die Bordbatterie 2 angeschlos­ sen ist, ist zwischen der Fahrbatterie 1 und der ebenfalls mit einer Gleichrichterschaltung aus zwei Dioden 10 und einem Glättungskondensator 11 verbundenen Sekundärwicklung 8 eine Umschalteinrichtung 12 vorgesehen, die die Fahrbatterie 1 wahlweise mit der Sekundärwicklung 8 oder dem Eingang des elektronischen Spannungswandlers 4 über einen Kondensator 13 verbindet. Über diese durch einen Stelltrieb 14 ansteuerbare Umschalteinrichtung 12 kann außerdem die Gleichrichterschal­ tung 3 über eine Filterschaltung 15 an ein Versorgungsnetz ge­ legt werden, um die Fahrbatterie 1 von diesem Versorgungsnetz her aufladen zu können.The charging device shown for the traction battery 1 of a battery-operated vehicle, not shown, which has a separate on-board battery 2 for supplying an on-board network in addition to the traction battery 1 , consists essentially of a rectifier circuit 3 , which feeds a chopper circuit 5 via an electronic voltage converter 4 the primary winding 6 of a transformer 7 is connected on the output side. The primary winding 6 of the transformer 7 is each a secondary winding 8.9 for the two bat series 1 and 2 assigned. While the secondary winding 9 tung capacitor via a rectifier circuit consisting of two diodes 10 and be smoothed 11 is sen to change to the on-board battery 2 is Schlos is connected between the driving battery 1 and connected also to a rectifier circuit comprising two diodes 10 and a smoothing capacitor 11 secondary winding 8, a switching device 12 provided that connects the traction battery 1 either to the secondary winding 8 or the input of the electronic voltage converter 4 via a capacitor 13 . About this by an actuator 14 controllable switching device 12 , the rectifier circuit 3 can also be ge via a filter circuit 15 to a supply network to be able to charge the traction battery 1 from this supply network.

Zu diesem Zweck muß der Umschalter 12 von der gezeichneten Schaltstellung für den Fahrbetrieb in die Schaltstellung für den Ladebetrieb umgeschaltet werden, so daß die Gleichrichter­ schaltung 3 am Versorgungsnetz anliegt und die Fahrbatterie mit der Sekundärwicklung 8 des Transformators 7 verbunden ist. Über den von der Gleichrichterschaltung 3 gespeisten Span­ nungswandler 4 wird der Kondensator 16 so aufgeladen, daß sich aufgrund des vorgegebenen, konstanten Tastverhältnisses der Zerhackerschaltung 5 an der Sekundärwicklung 8 des Transfor­ mators 7 eine entsprechende Ladespannung für die Fahrbatterie 1 einstellt. Diese Ladespannung wird über einen Spannungsgeber 17 erfaßt und einer Steuereinrichtung 18 zugeführt, die auch mit dem über einen Stromgeber 19 erfaßten Ladestrom beauf­ schlagt wird, so daß der Spannungswandler 4 in Abhängigkeit vom Ladestrom und der Ladespannung so gesteuert werden kann, daß die Aufladung der Fahrbatterie 1 entsprechend einer vor­ gegebenen Ladekennlinie erfolgt. Als Spannungswandler sind verschiedene Konstruktionen einsetzbar. Besonders einfache Verhältnisse ergeben sich durch einen Spannungswandler 4 in Form eines Hochsetzstellers, wie er in der Zeichnung als Zusammenschaltung einer Drossel 20 mit einem Transistor 21 und einer Diode 22 dargestellt ist. Durch eine geeignete Ansteu­ erung des Transistors 21 über die Steuereinrichtung 18 kann nicht nur der Ladevorgang der Fahrbatterie 1 gesteuert, son­ dern auch eine oberwellenarme, sinusförmige Stromaufnahme aus dem Versorgungsnetz sichergestellt werden. For this purpose, the switch 12 must be switched from the switch position shown for the driving mode to the switching position for the charging mode, so that the rectifier circuit 3 is connected to the supply network and the traction battery is connected to the secondary winding 8 of the transformer 7 . About the voltage converter 4 fed by the rectifier circuit 3 , the capacitor 16 is charged so that due to the predetermined, constant duty cycle of the chopper circuit 5 on the secondary winding 8 of the transformer 7, a corresponding charging voltage for the traction battery 1 is set. This charging voltage is detected via a voltage generator 17 and fed to a control device 18 which is also struck with the charging current detected via a current generator 19 , so that the voltage converter 4 can be controlled as a function of the charging current and the charging voltage so that the charging of the traction battery 1 takes place according to a given charging characteristic. Various constructions can be used as voltage converters. Particularly simple conditions result from a voltage converter 4 in the form of a step-up converter, as is shown in the drawing as an interconnection of a choke 20 with a transistor 21 and a diode 22 . By a suitable control of the transistor 21 via the control device 18 , not only the charging process of the traction battery 1 can be controlled, but also low harmonic, sinusoidal current consumption from the supply network can be ensured.

Die Zerhackerschaltung 5 ist gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel als Gegentakt-Brückenschaltung mit vier Transistoren 23 und vier diese Transistoren 23 überbrückenden Dioden 24 ausgebildet. Das Tastverhältnis dieser Gegentakt-Brückenschaltung wird über eine Steuereinrichtung 25 fest vorgegeben, so daß die Aus­ gangsspannung nicht über das Tastverhältnis, sondern über die Größe der eingangsseitig am Kondensator 16 anliegenden Span­ nung bestimmt wird.The chopper circuit 5 is designed according to the exemplary embodiment as a push-pull bridge circuit with four transistors 23 and four diodes 24 bridging these transistors 23 . The pulse duty factor of this push-pull bridge circuit is fixed via a control device 25 so that the output voltage is not determined by the pulse duty factor but by the size of the voltage applied to the capacitor 16 on the input side.

Da die Sekundärwicklungen 8 und 9 des Transformators 7 so ausgelegt sind, daß die höchstzulässigen Ladespannungen für die Fahrbatterie 1 und die Bordbatterie 2 zugleich erreicht werden, ergibt sich im Ladebetrieb für die Fahrbatterie 1 auch eine entsprechende Versorgung der Bordbatterie 2 bzw. des Bordnetzes. Im Fahrbetrieb kann dann insbesondere auf die Ver­ hältnisse im Bordnetz Rücksicht genommen werden, weil in diesem Fall die Fahrbatterie 1 vom Transformator 7 getrennt ist und der Spannungswandler 4 über die Fahrbatterie 1 mit einer Gleichspannung versorgt wird, die in Abhängigkeit von der über einen Spannungsgeber 26 erfaßten Spannung der Bord­ batterie 2 auf eine entsprechende Spannung am Ausgang des Spannungswandlers 4 gesetzt werden kann, die den jeweiligen Ladezustand der Bordbatterie 2 berücksichtigt. Zu diesem Zweck muß selbstverständlich die Steuereinrichtung 18 in Abhängig­ keit von der Stellung des Umschalters 12 beaufschlagt werden.Since the secondary windings 8 and 9 of the transformer 7 are designed so that the maximum permissible charging voltages for the traction battery 1 and the on-board battery 2 are reached at the same time, a corresponding supply of the on-board battery 2 and the on-board electrical system also results in the charging operation for the traction battery 1 . When driving, particular attention can be paid to the conditions in the vehicle electrical system, because in this case the driving battery 1 is separated from the transformer 7 and the voltage converter 4 is supplied with a direct voltage via the driving battery 1 , which is dependent on a voltage generator 26 detected voltage of the onboard battery 2 to a corresponding voltage at the output of the voltage converter 4 can be set that takes into account the respective charge state of the on-board battery. 2 For this purpose, the control device 18 must of course be acted upon depending on the position of the switch 12 .

Claims (1)

Ladevorrichtung für ein batteriebetriebenes Fahrzeug mit wenigstens einer Fahrbatterie zum Betreiben eines Elektro­ motors und wenigstens einer Bordbatterie zur Versorgung eines Bordnetzes, bestehend aus einer mittels einer Umschaltein­ richtung wahlweise an die Fahrbatterie oder über eine Gleich­ richterschaltung an ein Versorgungsnetz anschließbaren, ge­ steuerten Zerhackerschaltung, die ausgangsseitig an der Pri­ märwicklung eines Transformators anliegt, über dessen Sekun­ därwicklungen einerseits die über die Umschalteinrichtung an­ schließbare Fahrbatterie und andererseits die Bordbatterie aufladbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der in einem vor­ gebenen Tastverhältnis angesteuerten Zerhackerschaltung (5) in an sich bekannter Weise ein elektronischer Spannungswandler (4) mit einer Steuereinrichtung (18) vorgeschaltet ist, die die Eingangsspannung der Zerhackerschaltung (5) über den Spannungswandler (4) in der Schaltstellung der Umschaltein­ richtung (12) für das Laden der Fahrbatterie (1) in Abhängig­ keit von der Ladespannung und dem Ladestrom und in der Schalt­ stellung für den Fahrbetrieb in Abhängigkeit von der Spannung der Bordbatterie (2) ansteuert.Charging device for a battery-powered vehicle with at least one traction battery for operating an electric motor and at least one on-board battery for supplying an on-board network, consisting of a switchable device that can be connected to the traction battery by means of a switching device or via a rectifier circuit, a controlled chopper circuit on the output side is applied to the primary winding of a transformer, via its secondary windings, on the one hand, the lockable traction battery via the switching device and, on the other hand, the on-board battery, can be charged, characterized in that the chopper circuit ( 5 ) controlled in a given duty cycle before is an electronic voltage converter in a manner known per se ( 4 ) is connected upstream with a control device ( 18 ) which controls the input voltage of the chopper circuit ( 5 ) via the voltage converter ( 4 ) in the switching position of the switching device ( 12 ) for the Charging the drive battery ( 1 ) depending on the charging voltage and the charging current and in the switch position for driving operation depending on the voltage of the on-board battery ( 2 ).
DE19646666A 1995-12-11 1996-11-12 Charging system for battery driven electrical vehicle Withdrawn DE19646666A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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AT0199995A AT405227B (en) 1995-12-11 1995-12-11 CHARGING DEVICE FOR A BATTERY-POWERED VEHICLE

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Cited By (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003103118A1 (en) * 2002-06-04 2003-12-11 Leopold Kostal Gmbh & Co. Kg Electrical power supply circuit and corresponding method
WO2010150139A1 (en) 2009-06-24 2010-12-29 Brusa Elektronik Ag Circuit arrangement for power distribution in a motor vehicle
US8009443B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2011-08-30 Brusa Elektronik Ag DC/DC converter and AC/DC converter
DE102012203612A1 (en) 2012-03-07 2013-09-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery charger for charging high and low-voltage batteries in e.g. electric vehicle, provides first charging voltage to first battery at output terminals and second charging voltage to second battery at secondary-side rectifier output
US8693214B2 (en) 2010-06-29 2014-04-08 Brusa Elektronik Ag Voltage converter
DE102013201637A1 (en) 2013-01-31 2014-07-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energy transmission assembly
CN106347158A (en) * 2016-09-29 2017-01-25 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 Battery charger and automobile
CN106379186A (en) * 2016-09-29 2017-02-08 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 Charger and car

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US9713960B2 (en) * 2013-09-26 2017-07-25 Lear Corporation On-board charger housekeeping power supply with automatic source transition

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003103118A1 (en) * 2002-06-04 2003-12-11 Leopold Kostal Gmbh & Co. Kg Electrical power supply circuit and corresponding method
US8009443B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2011-08-30 Brusa Elektronik Ag DC/DC converter and AC/DC converter
US8503208B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2013-08-06 Brusa Elektronik Ag Converter for single-phase and three-phase operation, D.C. voltage supply and battery charger
CN102458912B (en) * 2009-06-24 2014-06-04 布鲁萨电子公司 Circuit arrangement for power distribution in a motor vehicle
WO2010150139A1 (en) 2009-06-24 2010-12-29 Brusa Elektronik Ag Circuit arrangement for power distribution in a motor vehicle
CN102458912A (en) * 2009-06-24 2012-05-16 布鲁萨电子公司 Circuit arrangement for power distribution in a motor vehicle
US8866332B2 (en) 2009-06-24 2014-10-21 Brusa Elektronik Ag Circuit arrangement for power distribution in a motor vehicle
US8693214B2 (en) 2010-06-29 2014-04-08 Brusa Elektronik Ag Voltage converter
DE102012203612A1 (en) 2012-03-07 2013-09-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery charger for charging high and low-voltage batteries in e.g. electric vehicle, provides first charging voltage to first battery at output terminals and second charging voltage to second battery at secondary-side rectifier output
DE102013201637A1 (en) 2013-01-31 2014-07-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energy transmission assembly
WO2014118000A2 (en) 2013-01-31 2014-08-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Power transmission arrangement
US10020658B2 (en) 2013-01-31 2018-07-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Power transmission arrangement
CN106347158A (en) * 2016-09-29 2017-01-25 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 Battery charger and automobile
CN106379186A (en) * 2016-09-29 2017-02-08 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 Charger and car
CN106347158B (en) * 2016-09-29 2020-08-14 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 Charger and automobile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA199995A (en) 1998-10-15
FR2742273A1 (en) 1997-06-13
AT405227B (en) 1999-06-25
FR2742273B1 (en) 1999-01-08

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