DE102019135591B4 - Power line disconnector - Google Patents

Abstract

Power line disconnecting device (1).
- a movable separating element (3) arranged in a chamber formed by a housing;
- an actuator (6) for triggering a movement of the separating element (3);
- with at least one movable energy absorption element (10), where
- the separating element (3) is designed and arranged in such a way that after activating the actuator (6) it hits the power line (8) and cuts it, and wherein the separating element (3) after cutting the power line (8) and / or a section (82) separated from the power line (8) can be brought into contact with the energy absorbing element (10) and thereby the energy absorbing element (10) can be set in motion, characterized by at least one damping element (11) with which the energy absorbing element (10 ) can be brought into contact in order to reduce the kinetic energy of the energy absorbing element (10), the damping element (11) being arranged on a bottom of the housing or forming a bottom of the housing before the actuator (6) is triggered.

Description

The invention relates to a power line isolating device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a vehicle component according to claim 12 containing this power line isolating device and a power line. The invention also relates to a method for disconnecting a power line using such a power line disconnecting device according to the preamble of claim 13.

Electrically powered vehicles require the use of batteries with very high voltages. In the event of an accident, the high currents and voltages caused by the battery can pose a danger to the vehicle occupants and emergency responders. The danger can be minimized, for example, by interrupting the flow of electricity near the battery as quickly as possible. The electrical circuit can be interrupted using line disconnectors, for example with power line cutting devices for high-voltage busbars (High Voltage Electric Line Cutter, HV-ELC). Such emergency shutdown devices can switch off very high electrical currents (several kiloamperes) and very high electrical voltages (up to the kilovolt range) in a few milliseconds.

From the DE 10 2018 125 059 A9 A power line cutting device is known which can switch off a current flow in milliseconds in response to a detected signal. The power line cutting device includes a two-piece housing, a plunger, an igniter and a busbar. The lower housing part is connected to the upper housing part, with the busbar being arranged between the upper housing part and the lower housing part and having predetermined breaking points. Within the housing, the igniter and the piston are arranged in such a way that when the igniter is ignited, the piston, which is actuated by the igniter, breaks out a section of the busbar, so that the current flow is interrupted. The housing has two gas channels, one for exhausting the resulting gases and one which, when the device is triggered, provides a path for the air still to be displaced in the chamber.

The disadvantage here is that the section separated from the busbar can bounce off the ground and be thrown back towards the busbar. This can lead to an undesirable spark flashover (arc). Another disadvantage is that the two gas channels are arranged directly next to each other without a mutual locking mechanism, so that gas can pass from one channel into the other channel and thus the separated section of the busbar and the piston are additionally accelerated and thus a high kinetic energy exhibit.

The AT 517872 A1 discloses a pyrotechnic separating device for separating a conductor by a separating stamp with a housing in which the separating stamp is guided, as well as an ignition unit for driving the separating stamp, an extinguishing agent for suppressing or extinguishing an arc being arranged between the separating stamp and the ignition unit and for braking the A damping element is provided on the opposite side of the conductor.

The problem on which the invention is based is to provide a power line disconnecting device, in particular for high-voltage busbars or high-voltage lines, with reduced arcing. The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a safer power line disconnecting device.

This task is solved by a power line disconnecting device with the features of claim 1.

• - einem bewegbaren Trennelement;
• - einem Aktuator zum Auslösen einer Bewegung des Trennelements;
• - mit mindestens einem bewegbaren Energieaufnahmeelement;
• - optional einer Stromleitung; wobei
• - das Trennelement so ausgebildet und angeordnet ist, dass es nach einem Aktivieren des Aktuators auf die Stromleitung auftrifft und diese zertrennt, und wobei das Trennelement nach dem Zertrennen der Stromleitung und/oder ein aus der Stromleitung herausgetrenntes Teilstück in Kontakt mit dem Energieaufnahmeelement bringbar ist und dadurch (also durch das Auftreffen des Trennelements und/oder des herausgetrennten Teilstücks auf das Energieaufnahmeelement) das Energieaufnahmeelement in Bewegung versetzbar ist.

A power line disconnecting device (in particular for disconnecting high-voltage busbars or high-voltage power lines) is described

• - a movable separating element;
• - an actuator for triggering a movement of the separating element;
• - with at least one movable energy absorption element;
• - optionally a power line; where
• - the separating element is designed and arranged so that after activation of the actuator it hits the power line and cuts it, and wherein the separating element after cutting the power line and / or a section separated from the power line can be brought into contact with the energy absorbing element and thereby (i.e. by the impact of the separating element and/or the separated section on the energy absorbing element) the energy absorbing element can be set in motion.

The power line disconnecting device includes a disconnecting element. The separating element is designed and arranged in such a way that it hits the power line after the actuator has been activated and this separated (at least in sections or completely).

A separating element is understood to be a three-dimensional body that is suitable for separating at least a section of a power line or busbar (at least partially or completely). The separating element can be blunt, pointed or have a sharp edge. The separating element can, for example, be cuboid, cube-shaped, cylindrical, stamp-shaped, conical or pyramid-shaped. The separating element can be designed like a bolt (e.g. as a separating bolt).

The separating element can, for example, consist of a material that has a greater hardness (e.g. Shore, Mohs or Rockwell hardness) than the busbar to be separated. The separating element can be designed (at least partially or completely) as an electrical insulator (non-conductor) or contain one. This reduces or prevents sparking. The separating element can, for example, consist of a non-conductive carbon, a (non-conductive) polymer or (non-conductive) plastic, a (non-conductive) ceramic or a (non-conductive) glass.

A power line is an electrical conductor (e.g. a cable) for transporting electrical energy or electric current. The power line may be connected to the battery and battery-operated components of the vehicle. The power line may be a high-voltage power line (and thus may be suitable for carrying high-voltage currents). The at least one power line can also be designed as at least one busbar.

A busbar is an electrical conductor (made of a rigid material) used to supply electrical energy or current to vehicles. The busbar is designed, for example, as a high-voltage busbar (and is therefore suitable for carrying high-voltage currents). The busbar can be connected to the battery and at least one battery-operated component of an (electrically operated) vehicle.

The power line or the busbar can consist of or contain a suitable metal, for example aluminum, copper, iron or a steel or an alloy.

The power line disconnecting device can have a receptacle for at least one power line or at least one busbar.

The power line disconnecting device may have an actuator for triggering movement of the disconnecting element. An actuator is a structural unit that can trigger or trigger a movement of the separating element based on a signal and/or pulse (e.g. from a vehicle accident detection system).

The actuator can be an igniter that has, for example, a pyrotechnic propellant charge. The actuator or the igniter can be activated by a signal, in particular an electrical or electronic signal (from the vehicle accident detection system). The actuator or the igniter can, for example, be activated (triggered by the signal) by a sensor, for example an airbag sensor, impact sensor (crash sensor), accident sensor and/or acceleration sensor. Electrical connections can be arranged on the actuator or the igniter.

The actuator may be located outside or inside the housing or chamber. The actuator can be arranged on the housing ceiling. The actuator can be connected (detachably) to the separating element.

Due to the activation of the actuator, a movement of the movable separating element can be triggered. Due to the activation of the actuator, the separating element can be moved in the direction of the receptacle for the busbar or the power line (so that the separating element and the busbar or the power line come into contact with one another). The separating element is designed and arranged in such a way that it can hit the power line or busbar and can separate it (at least in sections or completely), so that the current flow within the power line or busbar is interrupted.

The power line disconnecting device has at least one chamber (e.g. a space filled with gas or a space that can be filled with gas). The separating element is arranged within the chamber.

The chamber is surrounded by a housing. The chamber is therefore located inside the housing. The housing has an inner housing wall facing the chamber. The housing can have a housing base and a housing ceiling and two housing side walls, the two housing side walls each being connected to the housing base and the housing ceiling and the housing ceiling and the housing base lying opposite one another. The housing can be designed as a two-part housing consisting of a lower housing part and an upper housing part. The lower housing part can be connected (detachably) to the upper housing part. The upper part of the housing can therefore have a housing ceiling and two housing side walls, the two housing side walls being connected to the housing ceiling. The lower housing part can therefore have a housing base and two housing side walls, the two housing side walls being connected to the housing base.

The upper housing part may contain an upper housing part chamber. The upper housing part chamber can have any suitable polygonal shape and in particular can be cylindrical, cuboid or prism-shaped. The lower housing part can contain a lower housing part chamber, which can be of any polygonal shape, in particular cylindrical, cuboid or prism-shaped. The upper housing part containing an upper housing part chamber and the lower housing part containing a lower housing part chamber can be connected to one another in such a way that the upper housing part chamber and the lower housing part chamber together form a chamber. The upper housing part containing an upper housing part chamber and the lower housing part containing a lower housing part chamber can be connected to one another in a form-fitting and/or non-positive manner. In particular, the housing side walls of the upper housing part can be connected to the housing side walls of the lower housing part.

The housing (the upper housing part and/or the lower housing part) can be at least partially or completely designed as an electrical insulator or contain one. This reduces or prevents sparking. Electrical insulators (non-conductors) are chemical elements or materials with an electrical conductivity of less than 10 ^-8 S cm ^-1 (and a specific resistance of over 10 ⁸ Ω cm). The housing (the upper housing part and/or the lower housing part) can consist, for example, of a (non-conductive) polymer or (non-conductive) plastic, a (non-conductive) ceramic, a (non-conductive) glass or a non-conductive carbon.

The receptacle or the busbar can be arranged on the housing and in particular run within the chamber (and through the chamber). The receptacle or the busbar can be arranged (horizontally) between the upper housing part and the lower housing part. The busbar can be guided or guided through at least one opening, for example a slot, in or through the housing.

The power line or the busbar can have two ends that are arranged outside the housing (outside the upper housing part and the lower housing part).

The power line can have at least one predetermined power line breaking point (before the power line is cut). The busbar (before the power line is cut) can have at least one busbar predetermined breaking point. The at least one busbar predetermined breaking point or power line breaking point can have a smaller cross section than the remaining areas of the busbar or power line. The busbar predetermined breaking point or power line predetermined breaking point can be formed by a material taper or material weak point. The busbar predetermined breaking point or power line predetermined breaking point can be a notch (indentation or recess). The at least one busbar predetermined breaking point or power line predetermined breaking point is designed to break (or break) at least in sections when the separating element impacts the busbar. The at least one busbar predetermined breaking point or power line predetermined breaking point can be arranged in such a way that the dividing element hits it.

When the separating element impacts the power line or busbar, a section of the busbar can be partially or completely separated (broken out) from the busbar. This interrupts the flow of current between the battery and the battery-operated component of the vehicle. The section separated from the power line or busbar can be designed as a conductive coin.

The separating element is arranged at least partially or completely within the housing and/or the chamber.

The power line disconnecting device also has at least one damping element for reducing kinetic energy (kinetic energy). The energy absorption element also serves to reduce kinetic energy.

The energy absorption element can be a geometric (three-dimensional) body which is suitable for absorbing the kinetic energy of the separating element and/or the section separated from the power line or busbar (and converting it into deformation).

The damping element can be a geometric (three-dimensional) body that is suitable for absorbing the kinetic energy of the energy absorbing element (and converting it into deformation).

The energy absorbing element can be designed, for example, as a ball, disk, cylinder, in the form of a projectile or torpedo.

In order to reduce the kinetic energy transferred to the energy absorbing element and/or the damping element, the energy absorbing element and/or the damping element can consist of or contain a material that dissipates the kinetic energy and/or a structure that dissipates the kinetic energy. The energy absorption element and/or the damping element can be designed to be deformable. The energy absorption element and/or the damping element can consist of or contain an elastic material. The energy absorption element and/or the damping element can be formed from or contain a deformable (elastic) structure.

A geometric body that changes its shape as a result of the action of an external force is called deformable (or deformable).

Here, the shape of the energy absorbing element can be changed (deformed) by bringing the separating element and/or the section separated from the busbar into contact with the energy absorbing element. The deformation can appear as a change in length (e.g. compression) or as a change in angle (shear).

The energy absorption element and/or the damping element can be, for example, a solid, gel or a liquid.

mit E als Bewegungsenergie des Energieaufnahmeelements und r als Radius des Energieaufnahmeelements, wobei E = 1 / 2 · m · v² mit m als Masse des Energieaufnahmeelements und v als der Geschwindigkeit des Energieaufnahmeelements definiert ist.A deformation or deformation of the energy absorbing element can be defined according to the A-Square Shock Power Index (ASPI). The ASPI is defined as follows: $$\text{A S P I}=\text{E}\cdot {\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="r" filenames="DE102019135591B4\_0002.png,DE102019135591B4\_0003.png" state="{{state}}">r</figure-callout>}}^{\text{2}}\cdot \mathrm{\pi }$$

with E as the kinetic energy of the energy absorption element and r as the radius of the energy absorption element, where E = 1 / 2 m v ² with m as the mass of the energy absorption element and v as the speed of the energy absorption element.

The at least one energy absorption element can be arranged on the housing, for example on the housing base, in the lower part of the housing or on the inner wall of the housing. The at least one damping element is already arranged on the bottom of the housing before the actuator is triggered or forms the bottom of the housing.

The damping element can be connected to the inner wall of the housing, in particular the lower part of the housing, in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting and/or material-locking manner. The housing or the housing base can consist of the damping element.

The damping element can, for example, be applied (as a layer) to the housing (the housing base and/or to the housing inner wall). The housing base can, for example, be made of a harder material than the damping element applied to it.

The energy absorbing element and/or the damping element can, for example, consist of or contain (for example be coated) a polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g. Teflon), silicone (polysiloxane or poly(organo)siloxane) or a polyaramid or aromatic polyamide (e.g. Kevlar).

The damping element can, for example, have a honeycomb-shaped structure. The honeycomb structure can have (periodically repeating) cavities (honeycombs). The honeycombs are filled, for example, with a gas, gas mixture, a liquid or a gel. The spaces between the honeycombs are formed from a (suitable) chemical material. The spaces between the honeycombs can be formed from an elastic material. The cavities (honeycombs) can have a square (e.g. hexagonal, pentagonal) or circular or oval cross section.

The energy absorption element and/or the damping element can, for example, consist of or contain a honeycomb polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g. Teflon), honeycomb silicone (polysiloxane or poly(organo)siloxane) or a honeycomb polyaramid or honeycomb aromatic polyamide (e.g. Kevlar) (the honeycomb can be filled with gas or a gas mixture).

The at least one energy absorption element can be arranged within the chamber and/or on the housing.

The at least one damping element can be arranged within the chamber and/or on the housing.

A honeycomb-shaped damping element can be arranged on the (bottom of) the housing, the chamber or the lower part of the housing (on the inside of the housing, the lower part of the housing or the chamber).

A damping element made of a polytetrafluoroethylene, a silicone, a polyaramid or an aromatic polyamide can be arranged on the (bottom of) the housing, the chamber or the lower part of the housing (on the inside of the housing, the lower part of the housing or the chamber).

A damping element made of a honeycomb polytetrafluoroethylene, a honeycomb silicone, a honeycomb polyaramid or an aromatic polyamide can be arranged on the (bottom of) the housing, the chamber or the lower part of the housing (on the inside of the housing, the lower part of the housing or the chamber).

The separating element and/or the section separated from the power line can be designed to be deformable in such a way that it is deformed by being brought into contact with the at least one energy absorbing element.

The position and/or position angle of the at least one energy absorbing element can be changed (within a guide channel) by bringing it into contact with the separating element and/or the section separated from the power line.

The power line disconnecting device can have at least one guide channel for guiding the energy absorbing element. The guide channel can be tapered towards the housing or the housing base (have a smaller cross section than the rest of the guide channel). The guide channel can be tapered in the direction of movement of the energy absorbing element. The at least one guide channel can be designed to be straight or curved (at least in sections or completely). A curved guide channel additionally forces the energy absorption element to be redirected. This results in a longer path and thus an additional reduction in the kinetic energy of the energy absorption element, particularly in the case of tapered guide channels. The at least one guide channel can be arranged within the chamber and/or on the housing, in particular on and/or in the inner wall of the housing, the lower part of the housing or the housing base.

The at least one energy absorption element can be arranged movably in a guide channel. The at least one energy absorption element can be arranged movably in a guide channel. At least two energy absorption elements can also each be arranged movably in a guide channel. With more than one energy absorption element, the kinetic energy of the separating element and/or the section separated from the power line can be reduced even better, for example.

The at least one energy absorption element can be mounted movably in the direction of the housing wall or the housing base (within the guide channel). The at least one energy absorption element can be mounted in a translational and/or rotatable manner. The at least one energy absorption element can only be translational (linearly movable). The at least one energy absorption element can be mounted so that it can rotate (tilt). The at least one energy absorption element can be mounted so that it can move (tilt or rotate) at the same time in the direction of the housing wall and the receptacle for the power line or busbar.

The power line separating device can have at least one fixing mechanism for fixing the energy absorbing element (before cutting the power line or current notes). The fixing mechanism is designed in such a way that it is released by bringing the separating element and/or the section separated from the power line or busbar into contact (the impact) with the energy absorbing element (so that the energy absorbing element is no longer fixed). The fixing mechanism can be designed, for example, as at least one holding pin for the energy absorption element. When the separating element and/or the section separated from the power line or busbar impacts the energy absorbing element, the at least one holding pin can be broken or moved into a recess provided for it.

The energy absorption element can be arranged in the guide channel and/or held by the fixing mechanism. The energy absorption element and the fixing mechanism can be designed to be complementary to each other in shape (formed in a form-fitting manner).

In order to reduce the kinetic energy transferred to the energy absorption element, it can alternatively be provided that the guide channel consists of or contains a material that reduces the kinetic energy and / or a structure that reduces the kinetic energy. For example, the stronger the friction between the energy absorption element and the guide channel, the better the kinetic energy of the energy absorption element can be reduced. Therefore, the guide channel may have a rough surface (with high surface roughness).

The fixation mechanism can also contribute to the conversion of kinetic energy.

The fixing mechanism, the guide channel and/or the energy absorption element can be at least partially formed from or contain a deformable or elastic material. The fixing mechanism, the guide channel and/or the energy absorption element can also be at least partially covered with a flexible material, for example silicone. This can achieve a sealing effect.

The power line separating device includes in particular a chamber, a housing that surrounds the chamber, a movable separating element that is arranged in the chamber, an actuator for activating a movement of the separating element and optionally a power line or busbar towards which the separating element can move ( in order to divide the power line or busbar at least in sections when it hits the power line or busbar).

The power line isolating device can, for example, have at least one filter. The filter serves on the one hand to catch fragments that are generated when the busbar breaks and on the other hand to cool and deionize the plasma. The filter can consist of or contain a high-temperature-resistant material, preferably steel. The filter can be a metal filter.

The housing, e.g. the upper housing part and/or the lower housing part, can have one or more gas openings (gas outlet openings and/or gas inlet openings) for a gas or gas mixture. The housing, e.g. the upper housing part and/or the lower housing part, can have at least one gas outlet opening for exhausting expelled gases. The housing, e.g. the upper housing part and/or the lower housing part, can have at least one gas inlet opening for returning expelled gases. The at least one gas opening (gas outlet opening and/or gas inlet opening) can be designed as a gas channel. The at least one gas opening (gas channel) can extend from the interior of the chamber outwards through the housing, e.g. the upper housing part and/or the lower housing part) into the external environment of the housing.

For example, the housing has two gas outlet openings, of which a main gas opening for exhausting the resulting gases and an air chamber opening, which represents a path for the air that is still to be displaced in the chamber when the device is triggered. The main gas opening can be arranged, for example, below the power line or busbar. The air chamber opening is arranged, for example, on the bottom of the lower housing part.

The power line disconnector may have at least one fuse. Such a fuse can be designed as a fuse channel, in particular a fuse channel. The securing channel can be connected at one end to the housing in an area above the separating element, in particular to the upper housing part chamber, and at its other end to the housing in an area below the separating element, in particular to the lower housing part chamber. As a result of the movement of the separating element and the section separated from the power line (into the lower housing part chamber), the medium (gas, gas mixture, air, liquid) located in the chamber, in particular the lower housing part chamber, is displaced. The medium displaced from the chamber in an area below the separating element, in particular the lower housing part chamber, can be at least partially returned through at least one safety channel into the chamber in an area above the separating element, in particular the upper housing part chamber. A securing material (particulate material, e.g. sand or polymer particles) can also be arranged within the securing channel, which is forced by the medium displaced from the chamber, in particular the lower housing part chamber, into the chamber in an area above the separating element, in particular the upper housing part chamber. As a result, the separating element, together with the section separated from the power line or busbar, is additionally held on the housing base or in the lower housing part chamber by the pressure of the displaced medium and/or the securing material. This allows arcing to be avoided or reduced.

The gas or gas mixture that is expelled through the gas outlet openings (gas outlet channels) can be at least partially returned to the chamber through at least one gas inlet opening. On the one hand, the separating element, together with the section separated from the power line or busbar, is additionally held in the lower area (lower part of the housing) by the pressure of the returned gas or gas mixture. On the other hand, the gas or gas mixture can serve as a spark-quenching element.

At least one of the aforementioned power line disconnecting devices can be arranged in an electrically powered vehicle. An (electrically driven) vehicle with at least one of the aforementioned power line disconnecting devices is therefore also described.

A vehicle component is also provided with one of the aforementioned power line disconnectors (and one in a receptacle of the power line busbar arranged in the power separator).

• - Bereitstellen eines bewegbaren Trennelements und mindestens eines bewegbaren Energieaufnahmeelements;
• - Bewegen des Trennelements derart, dass es auf die Stromleitung auftrifft und diese zertrennt, so dass ein Teilstück aus der Stromleitung herausgetrennt wird, wobei das Trennelement nach dem Zertrennen der Stromleitung und/oder ein aus der Stromleitung herausgetrenntes Teilstück in Kontakt mit dem Energieaufnahmeelement kommt und dieses in Bewegung versetzt.

Furthermore, a method according to claim 14 for separating a power line or busbar, in particular using an aforementioned power line disconnecting device or vehicle component, is described, with the steps:

• - Providing a movable separating element and at least one movable energy absorbing element;
• - Moving the separating element in such a way that it hits the power line and cuts it, so that a section is separated from the power line, the separating element coming into contact with the energy absorbing element after the power line has been cut and / or a section separated from the power line and sets this in motion.

By cutting (at least in sections or completely) the power line or the busbar, the current flow within the power line or busbar can be interrupted.

For example, the separating element can separate at least a section from the power line or busbar.

The method is particularly suitable for separating high-voltage power lines or high-voltage busbars.

The accelerated separating element has kinetic energy, some of which is transferred to the separated section of the busbar. The separated section is accelerated, for example.

The kinetic energy of the section (mass a) and/or the separating element (mass b) separated from the power line or busbar can be reduced using the law of conservation of momentum, for example by reducing the mass a and/or mass b to at least one mass c (e.g. at least an energy absorbing element) and so the kinetic energy of the section and/or the separating element separated from the power line or busbar is partially or completely released onto the at least one energy absorbing element (and/or converted into other forms of energy). The kinetic energy of the separating element and/or the separated section of the busbar can be reduced, for example, by deformation work on the section and/or the separating element separated from the power line or the busbar.

Because the kinetic energy of the section and the separating element separated from the power line or busbar has been reduced or completely released, the section separated from the power line or busbar and the separating element can come to a standstill on the housing base or in the lower part of the housing.

One embodiment of the method provides for a two-stage damping mechanism. The separating element and/or the separated section is brought into contact with at least one energy absorbing element, which then comes into contact with a damping element. The separating element and/or the separated section is deformed in one direction when it comes into contact with the energy absorbing element and then the damping element is deformed in a direction opposite to the one direction by coming into contact with the at least one energy absorbing element.

For example, the section and/or the separating element separated from the power line or busbar is deformed in one direction and then the housing, e.g. the housing side wall and/or the housing base, and/or the material that dissipates the kinetic energy and/or the Kinetic energy dissipating structure is deformed in a different direction (opposite to one direction).

• - Bereitstellen eines bewegbaren Trennelements;
• - Bewegen des Trennelements derart, dass es auf die Stromleitung auftrifft und diese zertrennt, so dass ein Teilstück aus der Stromleitung herausgetrennt wird, wobei die kinetische Energie des Trennelements, die das Trennelement durch seine Bewegung erhält und/oder die kinetische Energie des herausgetrennten Teilstücks, die das Teilstück durch Auftreffen des Trennelements auf die Stromleitung erhält, durch Verformungsarbeit an dem Trennelement und/oder dem herausgetrennten Teilstück reduziert wird.

For example, a method for disconnecting a power line, in particular using an aforementioned power line disconnecting device or a vehicle component, is also described, with the steps:

• - Providing a movable separating element;
• - Moving the separating element in such a way that it hits the power line and cuts it, so that a section is separated from the power line, the kinetic energy of the separating element, which the separating element receives through its movement and / or the kinetic energy of the separated section, which the section receives when the separating element hits the power line is reduced by deformation work on the separating element and / or the separated section.

It is noted that features of the power line disconnecting device according to the invention described above can of course also be used for further development of the method according to the invention can be used.

• 1A eine Stromleitungs-Trennvorrichtung mit einem Energieaufnahmeelement vor dem Zertrennen der Stromleitung;
• 1B die Stromleitungs-Trennvorrichtung aus 1A nach dem Zertrennen der Stromleitung;
• 2 eine Stromleitungs-Trennvorrichtung mit zwei Energieaufnahmeelementen vor dem Zertrennen der Stromleitung;
• 3A eine Stromleitungs-Trennvorrichtung mit einem Sicherungskanal vor dem Zertrennen der Stromleitung; und
• 3B die Stromleitungs-Trennvorrichtung aus 3A nach dem Zertrennen der Stromleitung;.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures. Show it:

• 1A a power line cutting device having an energy absorbing element before cutting the power line;
• 1B the power line disconnector 1A after cutting the power line;
• 2 a power line cutting device having two energy absorbing elements before cutting the power line;
• 3A a power line disconnecting device having a safety channel before cutting the power line; and
• 3B the power line disconnector 3A after cutting the power line;.

In the 1A , 1B , 2 , 3A and 3B Various configurations of power line isolating devices 1 are shown. The power line isolating devices 1 each include a movable separating element 3 (for example in the form of a piston) and an actuator 6 (for example an igniter) for triggering a movement of the movable isolating element 3. The power line isolating device 1 has a chamber 4 in which the Separating element 3 is arranged. The chamber 4 can be surrounded by a housing 2. The housing 2 can be constructed in two parts and in particular consist of a lower housing part 22 and an upper housing part 21. The lower housing part 22 is (detachably) connected to the upper housing part 21. The upper housing part 21 can contain an upper housing part chamber 42 and the lower housing part 22 can contain a lower housing part chamber 41, which are connected to one another in such a way that the upper housing part chamber 42 and the lower housing part chamber 42 together form a chamber 4.

The housing 2 or the chamber 4 can have a receptacle 7 for a power line 8 (here a power rail). A busbar 8 can be inserted into the receptacle 7 provided for it. The power line 8 can be arranged between the upper housing part 21 and the lower housing part 22. The power line 8 can have at least one power line predetermined breaking point 81.

An actuator 6, which is connected to the separating element 3, can be arranged within the housing 2. By activating the activator 6, a movement of the separating element 3 in the direction of the power line 8 can be caused, which causes the separating element 3 to hit the power line 8.

When the separating element 3 hits the power line 8, the power line 8 can be separated so that the flow of current is interrupted. A section 82 (e.g. a conductive coin partially or completely) can be separated from the power line 8. The separating element 3 and/or the section separated from the power line 8 are moved in the direction of at least one energy absorbing element 10 and impact on it. As a result of this impact, the kinetic energy of the separating element 3 and/or the section separated from the power line 8 is at least partially or completely transferred to the energy absorbing element 10.

By reducing the kinetic energy of the separating element 3 and/or the separated section 82, a rebound in the direction of the power line 8 or an undesirable arcing is prevented or reduced.

The housing 2 has two gas openings 5, a main gas opening for exhausting the resulting gases and an air chamber opening, which represents a path for the air still to be displaced in the chamber 4 when the power line isolating device is triggered.

In 1A is a power line cutting device 1 before cutting the power line 8 and in 1B after the power line 8 has been cut. The power line disconnecting device 1 has an energy absorption element 10, which is arranged in a guide channel 12. The guide channel 12 is designed here in a straight line and is arranged within the lower housing part 22. The guide channel 12 is adjoined by a damping element 11, which is arranged on the housing base 23 or forms it. A fixing mechanism 9 is arranged in the guide channel 12, which fixes the energy absorbing element 10 before the power line is severed. Due to the impact of the separating element 3 on the power line 8, a section 82 is knocked out, which hits the energy absorbing element 10. The kinetic energy of the separating element 3 and/or the section 82 separated from the power line 8 is at least partially or completely transferred to the energy absorbing element 10. The impact also causes the fixing mechanism 9 to be released (e.g. holding mandrels are broken or moved into recesses provided for them) and the energy absorbing element 10 is guided through the guide channel 2 in the direction of the damping element 11. The kinetic energy of the energy absorption element 10 is already reduced by the friction between the energy absorption element 10 and the guide channel 12. The impact of the energy absorbing element 10 on the damping element 11 creates the kinetic energy of the energy absorption element 10 to the damping element 11 (at least partially or completely).

In 2 a power line cutting device 1 with two energy absorption elements 10 is shown before cutting the power line 8. The two energy absorption elements 10 are each movably arranged in a guide channel 12. The respective guide channels 12 are curved. The respective guide channels 12 are adjoined by a damping element 11, which is arranged on the housing base 23 or forms it. A fixing mechanism 9 is arranged within the respective guide channel 9, which fixes the corresponding energy absorption element 10 before the power line 8 is severed. Due to the impact of the separating element 3 and/or the section 82 separated from the power line 8 on the respective energy absorbing element 10, the respective fixing mechanism 9 is released and the respective energy absorbing element 10 is set in motion in the direction of the corresponding damping element 11. The separating element 3 and/or the section 82 separated from the power line 8 (at least part or completely) release their kinetic energy to the energy absorbing elements 10. The two energy absorbing elements 10 each move in the guide channel 12 in the direction of the respective damping element 11 and impact on it. The energy absorption elements 10 release at least some or all of their kinetic energy to the respective damping element 11.

In the 3A and 3B The power line disconnecting device 1 shown also includes a fuse in the form of two fuse channels 13. A fuse channel 13 has two ends which are designed as openings. The respective safety channel 13 is connected at one end to the upper housing part chamber 42 and at its other end to the lower housing part chamber 41. In 3A is power line cutting device 1 before cutting the power line 8 and in 3B after the power line 8 has been cut. By moving the separating element 3 and the section separated from the power line into the lower housing part chamber 41, the medium (eg air) located in the lower housing part chamber 41 is displaced. A securing material 14 (eg sand) is also arranged within the securing channel, which is forced into the upper housing part chamber 42 by the medium displaced from the lower housing part chamber 41. Due to the pressure exerted by the securing material on the separating element 3 together with the section 82 separated from the power line 8 or busbar, the separating element 3 together with the section 82 separated from the power line 8 or busbar is held in the lower housing chamber 41. This allows arcing to be avoided or reduced.

Reference symbol list

1

Power line disconnector

2

Housing

21

Upper part of the housing

22

Lower housing part

23

Case back

3

Separator

4

chamber

41

Housing base chamber

42

Top housing chamber

5

Gas openings

6

actuator

7

Recording for power line

8th

power line

81

Power line breaking point

82

Section of the power line

9

Fixing mechanism

10

Energy absorption element

11

Damping element

12

Guide channel

13

Backup channel

14

Security material

Claims (14)

Power line separating device (1) with - a movable separating element (3) arranged in a chamber formed by a housing; - an actuator (6) for triggering a movement of the separating element (3); - with at least one movable energy absorbing element (10), wherein - the separating element (3) is designed and arranged such that after activation of the actuator (6) it hits the power line (8) and cuts it, and wherein the separating element (3 ) after cutting the power line (8) and / or a section (82) separated from the power line (8) can be brought into contact with the energy absorbing element (10) and thereby the energy absorbing element (10) can be set in motion, characterized by at least one Damping element (11), with which the energy absorption element (10) can be brought into contact, to the kinetic energy of the energy absorption element (10), the damping element (11) being arranged on a bottom of the housing or forming a bottom of the housing before the actuator (6) is triggered. Power line disconnection device (1). Claim 1 , characterized in that the energy absorbing element (10) can be set into a translational and/or rotational movement by being brought into contact with the separating element (3) and/or the section (82) separated from the power line (8). Power line separating device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one damping element (11) has a honeycomb-shaped structure. Power line separating device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one damping element (11) consists of or contains an elastic material, polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone and/or polyaramid. Power line separating device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one energy absorbing element (10) is movably arranged in a guide channel (12). Power line disconnection device (1). Claim 5 , characterized in that the guide channel (12) is at least partially curved. Power line disconnection device (1). Claim 5 or 6 , characterized in that the damping element (11) adjoins the guide channel (12). Power line separating device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one energy absorbing element (10) is separated from the damping element (3) before being brought into contact with the separating element (3) and/or the section (82) separated from the power line ( 11) is arranged at a distance and the energy absorbing element (10) can be brought into contact with the damping element (11) after being brought into contact with the separating element (3) and/or the separated section (82). Power line separating device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one energy absorbing element (10) consists of or contains an elastic material, polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone and/or polyaramid. Power line separating device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one energy absorbing element (10) can be fixed by a fixing mechanism (9) before being brought into contact with the separating element (3) and/or the separated section (82). and the at least one energy absorbing element (10) can no longer be fixed by the fixing mechanism (9) after it has been brought into contact with the separating element (3) and/or the separated section (82). Power line disconnection device (1). Claim 10 , characterized by at least one receptacle (7) for at least one power line (8). Vehicle component with a power line disconnecting device (1). Claim 11 and a power line (8) arranged in the receptacle (7) of the power line separating device (1). Method for disconnecting a power line (8), with the steps: - Providing a movable separating element (3) arranged in a chamber formed by a housing and at least one movable energy absorbing element (10); - Moving the separating element (3) in such a way that it hits the power line (8) and cuts it, so that a section (82) is separated from the power line, the separating element (3) after cutting the power line (8) and /or a section (82) separated from the power line (8) comes into contact with the energy absorption element (10) and sets it in motion, so that - the energy absorbing element (10) is brought into contact with at least one damping element (11) in order to reduce the kinetic energy of the energy absorbing element (10), the damping element (11) being arranged on a bottom of the housing before the actuator (6) is triggered or forms a bottom of the housing. Method for disconnecting a power line (8). Claim 13 , characterized in that the separating element (3) and / or the separated section (82) is deformed in one direction when it comes into contact with the energy absorbing element (10) and then the damping element (11) is brought into contact with the at least one Energy absorption element (10) in a direction opposite to one direction is deformed.

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