DE102017011373A1 - Measuring and control electronics for low-voltage switchgear - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a measuring and control electronics (5) for an electrical protective device (1) in the form of a fuse switch disconnector or fuse switch disconnectors within a low-voltage switchgear for protection of a departure (3) in the form of outgoing from the protective device (1) side discharge lines ( 3a, 3b, 3c), which are covered by a protective device (1) associated cable space cover (4) in the outlet region, wherein the measuring and control electronics (5) a plurality of measuring inputs for detecting electrical variables of the outlet (3) and at least one floating switch contact (16a, 16b) for controlling a in the outlet (3) arranged switching device (9) for separating or connecting the outlet (3) in dependence of at least one detected size. In order to minimize the wiring effort and the installation space, the measuring and control electronics (5) structurally form a unit with the cable compartment cover (4).

Description

The invention relates to a measurement and control electronics for an electrical protective device in the form of a fuse load terminal strip or a fuse switch disconnector within a low-voltage switchgear to protect a departure in the form of outgoing from the protection device outlet lines, which are covered by a protective device associated cable space cover in the exit area, wherein the measurement and control electronics has a plurality of measuring inputs for detecting electrical variables of the outgoing and at least one potential-free switching contact for controlling a arranged in the outgoer switching device for separating or connecting the outflow in dependence of at least one detected size. Furthermore, the invention also relates to an arrangement of such measuring and control electronics and the protective device, an arrangement of such measuring and control electronics, the protective device and the switching device and an arrangement of a plurality of the latter arrangements.

The invention relates generally to the field of low-voltage switchgear, which are used within the public electrical power supply or within industrial plants, in which NH fuse switch disconnectors or NH fuse switch disconnectors are used for selective line protection and in which electrical and / or physical quantities are measured, in which the connected cable outlets can be switched on or off by means of appropriate switching devices.

Basically, the construction of a switchgear consists of the primary technical components, such as busbars, protective devices and switching devices, as well as the secondary components, such as. e.g. Measuring and control electronics, communication electronics, etc. Depending on the requirements, appropriate solutions are applied. Frequently, so-called NH fuse-switch disconnectors or NH-fuse switch-disconnectors are used for selective line protection. These are i.d.R. only manually operated. For automatable switching operations, corresponding automatable switching devices, such as e.g. to use automatic circuit-breakers or contactors. The secondary elements, such as measurement and control electronics and communication electronics are separately integrated into the switchgear, for example, by DIN rail mounting and connected via measuring and control lines with the corresponding components. For this purpose, a variety of systems, e.g. Memory programmable controllers (PLC) available.

In relation to an integrated measuring technique, there are manifold solutions which, for example, in the patent applications EP 1058283 A2 . EP 2259284 A2 and DE 102011052449 A1 to be discribed. These solutions have in common that they are installed inside the protective devices (NH fuse-switch disconnectors, NH fuse-switch-disconnectors) or can be mounted on them. However, none of these solutions describe the driving of switching devices placed in the vicinity of the protective device by means of the integrated electronics.

In the patent application DE 10315623 A1 a low-voltage module is described, which is used for controlling and monitoring an electrical load in the outlet of a low-voltage system. For this purpose, the system has a communication interface for connection to a bus system, a programmable controller and parameterizable protective functions and is constructed from individually replaceable components, wherein at least one central unit and one bus connection unit are provided. Furthermore, connection points are provided for accommodating power units and input / output units. The central unit communicates with the other components in the low-voltage module via an internal bus. Within this module, the parameters voltage / current and temperature can also be detected. With regard to a mechanical integration of the switchgear module within a switchgear or the combination in connection with the primary protective devices, such as switch disconnectors, no information is given.

The former solutions do not meet the object of actively controlling switching devices within the low-voltage distributions. When solving in DE 10315623 A1 There is a disadvantage in the additional space required, which is accompanied by the integration of the described low-voltage module. If the additional space required by the switching device ignored, since this fact can not be prevented, if you want to turn off a low-voltage outlet switchable, but there is a further additional space required by the electronics within the switchgear module. For this purpose, no solution proposals are described.

The causes of these disadvantages are less technical but rather development and demand-related nature. The reason for failing solutions in this area lies in the adjustments that were not necessary within the energy system until just a few years ago. Before the rapid development of renewable energies and the integration of decentralized electricity sources within the lower voltage levels of the electrical energy supply, these voltage levels were usually passive systems. A monitoring of the network conditions or even automatable switching operations were usually not necessary, which is why there was hardly any development in the field of active automatable distribution components (eg local network station, cable distribution cabinet).

In the current developments in the field of electrical energy supply, distribution networks are increasingly becoming the focus of attention due to the increased integration of decentralized electricity generators, which are largely based on renewable energies. The changing load profiles of consumers as well as the fluctuating and often single-phase and thus asymmetrically fed-in power of decentralized producers (private solar cell modules on rooftops) can cause undesirable system conditions within the distribution network level. Such system states may be, for example, the violation of the voltage bands and / or overloads on the lines. For this purpose, various approaches are currently being developed to set up intelligent network monitoring.

In addition to the metrological detection of electrical quantities at corresponding network nodes, however, the active intervention in processes within the low-voltage networks (110-400 V) is also seen. This includes, among other things, the regulation or control of decentralized feed-in systems or so-called displaceable loads. Automatable topology changes or even the active disconnection and connection of individual low-voltage outlets was not previously planned. In connection with decentralized power generators, however, the topic of the formation of small isolated systems will become more and more important even in the lower voltage levels (110-400 V, 6-30 kV). This requires appropriate infrastructure-technical elements with which such processes can be implemented. Also in terms of blackout handling and structured network recovery after a blackout, such active and automatable distribution network components may become very important.

In order to meet these requirements, future low-voltage switchgears are also suitable for use with active components, e.g. Equip actuators that can separate and connect individual low-voltage outlets. If a separation can still be carried out relatively easily, switching on is particularly costly, especially in network areas with self-generation plants, which may be operated in a grid island (previously separated from the rest of the distribution network). Before switching on, both network areas must be synchronized in order to prevent the flow of compensation currents. Thus, if automatable switching devices are integrated into a low-voltage distribution, a measurement on both sides of the switching device is required in order to be able to adapt the voltages in both systems.

To the currently i.d.R. To equip passive distribution components, such as cable distribution cabinets, with appropriate automation, solution approaches based on the available resources are required. Based on the state of the art, based on the use of NH fuse switch disconnectors or NH fuse switch disconnectors, a measurement and control electronics is required with the one hand, different electrical variables such as current and / or voltage can capture, on the other hand, this measurement and Control electronics to be able to issue switching commands to automatable switching devices such as circuit breakers or contactors.

However, in order to develop such a technique, various aspects of a low voltage switchgear must be considered. For one, the limited space to note. Local network stations, cable distribution cabinets or industrial distribution etc. are dimensioned by their form factor so that they have the highest possible integration density with respect to the components to be integrated. In the field of industrial applications there is often only a limited amount of space available for the establishment of such distributions. In the field of public power supply is also paid to compact designs to take as little public space for the establishment of such low-voltage switchgear. Another aspect is scalability. In order to enable a cost-effective entry, the sub-equipment should be possible with an active actuator, which is easily expandable to your needs. Finally, the third aspect is sustainability. Due to extended functionalities of resources, the potential for error also increases in principle. On the one hand, a failure of the electronics must not impair the primary technical function of a protective device whose protective function, on the other hand, the electronics should be easily interchangeable even in the event of a fault, without resulting in their maintenance supply failures, because, for example, the complete protection device or actuator is replaced.

Significantly, the size of a switchgear is determined by the number of required fields and the size of primary technical components such as protective devices and switching devices. The reduction of the size of such power distribution systems often represents a target function in the planning of switchgear. In contrast, stands However, today's increasing installation of electronic components for extended functionality of a switchgear. These secondary components in turn also need space. For this purpose, the switchgear are designed to be larger and the electronics is usually mounted as part of a DIN rail mounting in the switchgear.

It is an object of the invention to provide a compact measuring and control electronics, which makes it possible to detect electrical variables within a low-voltage switchgear and at the same time to actuate actuators used in the low-voltage switchgear for disconnecting and connecting low-voltage outlets. On the one hand the small footprint within low-voltage switchgears should be taken into account on the one hand, on the other hand the lowest possible line outlay should be achieved.

This object is achieved by a measuring and control electronics with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments are specified in the subclaims. It is proposed according to the invention that the measurement and control electronics structurally forms a unit with the cable compartment cover. The cable compartment cover covers the outlet lines to the installer or operator as intended. Consequently, the measurement and control electronics from the perspective of the installer or operator also in front of the outlet lines and thus in a space that is not otherwise taken by primary technical components of the switchgear.

The core idea of this solution relates to the approach to implement the measurement and control electronics or parts thereof as an integral part of the primary technical components of a switchgear, whereby corresponding space is saved. A further advantage of the placement of certain electronic elements directly on the primary technical components, which are in any case assigned to an outgoing field, is the consequently reduced line outlay. Inevitably, there is also an advantage related to the installation time of such systems due to a reduced line outlay and the simple and quick installation. A lower line outlay also leads to a lower potential for faulty cable routing.

In particular, the invention relates to a measurement and control electronics for measuring physical variables in a low-voltage outlet of a low-voltage switchgear, which is equipped for selective line protection with NH fuse switch strips or NH fuse switch disconnectors and for connecting and disconnecting a low-voltage outlet additionally each a switching device is integrated, said the measurement and control electronics in combination with the cable compartment cover associated with an NH fuse switch-disconnector or NH fuse switch is a structural unit which can be mounted in place of a conventional cable compartment cover in the cable compartment at an NH fuse switch-disconnector or NH fuse switch-disconnector.

In order to be able to receive and process a feedback of the switching state, in particular of the operating state of the switching device or of another device of the low-voltage switchgear, the measuring and control electronics can have at least one input contact for receiving a corresponding feedback signal. This can be a digital or analogue input. The measuring and control electronics preferably have two or more input contacts in order to be able to receive different messages.

Preferably, the measuring and control electronics has at least one communication interface and / or data interface, which is set up for outputting data or generally for communication (sending or receiving) of measurement or control data and for connecting the measurement and control electronics to a central unit or a other measuring and control electronics and / or serves with a network. This connection can be made directly or indirectly through the network. The network may be a bus or other network such as Ethernet, CAN, LON, MODE, PROFIBUS, etc. of a known standard or a proprietary network. Accordingly, the communication interface can be a standardized interface, for example an Ethernet interface RJ45.

In order to achieve high operational reliability, the measuring inputs can each be connected via an AD converter with galvanic isolation to a central processing unit of the measuring and control electronics.

Ideally, in this embodiment, the analog side and the digital side of the AD converter can each be powered by its own power supply. They are therefore operationally independent of each other.

To supply the analogue side, a DC power supply from one phase of the protection device or the outgoing can be used. The power supply of the digital page can be done from the associated processing unit.

The processing unit can be, for example, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). However, any other programmable electronic components come into consideration such as a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) or a microprocessor or microcontroller.

Suitably, the switching contact is controlled by the processing unit, so that the processing unit can directly influence the switching state of the switching device or another device to be controlled. The switching contact may be, for example, the switchable contact of a relay which drives the processing unit, i. put on and drop off.

The input contacts can also be connected to the processing unit in accordance with an embodiment variant. Thus, the processing unit is a central component in the measurement and control electronics according to the invention.

In order to adapt the measuring inputs for the measurement of a phase voltage, for example an output line, to the voltage input regions of the AD converters, the measuring inputs can each be connected via a voltage divider to a phase voltage to be measured. The non-potential-bound voltage divider can be used for both voltage and current measurement.

It is advantageous if the measurement and control electronics has a temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the measuring and control electronics or the interior of the low-voltage switchgear. The temperature sensor can be arranged together with the measuring and control electronics on a circuit board. In order to obtain a particularly compact design of the measuring and control electronics, the cable space cover may be U-shaped with two side legs, which merge integrally at a longitudinal end in a common end wall, wherein the end wall carries the measuring and control electronics. Thus, the cables of the outlet are behind the measuring and control electronics, separated by the end wall, which also serves as insulation for the measuring and control electronics. The cable compartment cover itself serves as an extended contact and insulation protection against an installer or user.

Preferably, the cable space cover on the end wall has an electronics holder to which a circuit board of the measuring and control electronics is held. This electronics holder can either be a separate component, which is mechanically firmly connected to the end wall. Alternatively, it may be integrally formed with the end wall, for example in the form of projections and / or locking lugs, for holding the board.

The cable compartment cover may be an injection molded plastic part. Preferably, a metal sheet is disposed between the measuring and control electronics and the line outlets to keep electromagnetic interference from the outflow of the measuring and control electronics.

In order to protect the measuring and control electronics against external influences, it may have an electronics cover, which is held on the cable compartment cover, and under which at least a part of the measuring and control electronics rests protected.

It is advantageous if the measuring and control electronics has at least one multi-pin connector strip with plug contacts for connecting a plug or a socket of a connecting line to the switching device, wherein at least one of the plug contacts with at least one of the measuring inputs, and / or the switching contact is connected, and / or forms the input contact. This simplifies the assembly and disassembly of the measurement and control electronics, which must be solved for the construction or separation of compounds only the connector. This is preferably the only plug-in connection for measuring and control lines. It must then, apart from any communication line to the communication or data interface, no further and no screw connections can be solved.

In order to contact the connector strip, it can either be connected through an opening in the front wall from the rear, i. from the exit, or through an opening in the electronics cover from the front, i. be accessible from the perspective of an installer or user. It is thus aligned with the corresponding opening. In this case, the connector strip can lie behind the opening or extend through the opening.

It is advantageous if the connector strip is orientation-specific, so that a corresponding plug or a socket can be attached only in a specific orientation. This avoids mistakes.

It is also advantageous if a voltage supply of the measuring and control electronics takes place via the connector strip. Thus eliminates an additional connection to be produced, which reduces the time required for assembly and disassembly.

According to one embodiment, the measuring and control electronics can at least one optical Display means, such as a light emitting diode, for displaying an operating state of the measuring and control electronics or the switching device.

The measuring and control electronics can be functionally designed in such a way that voltage taps or current transformers or similar elements detecting the current or the voltage as well as the control and feedback contacts for one or more switching devices can be connected to this measuring and control electronics and this on this Measurement and control electronics corresponding Meßwertumformung - and processing and to control the / the switching devices (s) a corresponding signal output takes place, the measurement and control electronics can be additionally connected via a communication connection with another data processing unit.

The invention relates not only to a measurement and control electronics of the type described above but also to an arrangement of an electrical protective device in the form of a fuse load terminal block or a fuse switch disconnector within a low-voltage switchgear to protect a departure in the form of laterally exiting from the protection outlet lines and a measuring and control electronics of the type described above, wherein the cable space cover is mounted on a housing of the protective device, in particular under normal installation under or above the protective device.

The invention also relates to an arrangement of an electrical protective device of the aforementioned type, a measuring and control electronics of the aforementioned type and arranged in the outlet switching device for disconnecting or connecting the outlet. In this case, the switchgear can be mounted under normal installation of the protective device flush below or above the protection device and the measurement and control electronics with the terminal space cover between the protection device and the switching device, so that overall results in a very compact arrangement and the cable routes are short.

The switching device can be an externally switchable contactor or an externally switchable circuit breaker.

Furthermore, the switching device can have a sensor system for measuring at least one electrical quantity of the outlet behind the switching device and a plug connector for providing measured values or values derived therefrom to the measuring and control electronics.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the low-voltage switchgear can have a plurality of arrangements each consisting of a protective device, measuring and control electronics and a switching device, which are structurally arranged parallel to one another and serve to protect a respective outlet of the low-voltage switchgear. Advantageously, it can be provided that the measurement and control electronics of the arrangements are interconnected communication technology, so that they can exchange data and / or control commands with each other. In particular, this connection can take place via a network in the form of a line or ring topology.

• 1a: ein Schema der Mess- und Ansteuerelektronik
• 1b: alternatives Schema der Mess- und Ansteuerelektronik
• 2: eine NH-Sicherungslastschaltleiste und Kabelraumabdeckung
• 3: NH-Sicherungslastschaltleiste mit montierter Kabelraumabdeckung
• 4: Kabelraumabdeckung mit integrierter Mess- und Steuerelektronik
• 5: NH-Sicherungslastschaltleiste mit Mess- und Steuerelektronik und Schaltgerät
• 6: Anordnung mehrerer NH-Sicherungslastschaltleisten mit Elektronik, Schaltgerät und Kommunikationsverbindungen

Further features, advantages and technical effects of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures. Show it:

• 1a : a diagram of the measuring and control electronics
• 1b : alternative scheme of the measuring and control electronics
• 2 : a NH fuse switch disconnector and cable compartment cover
• 3 : NH fuse switch-disconnector with mounted cable compartment cover
• 4 : Cable compartment cover with integrated measuring and control electronics
• 5 : NH fuse switch-disconnector with measuring and control electronics and switching device
• 6 : Arrangement of several NH fuse-switch-disconnectors with electronics, switching device and communication connections

The supply of low-voltage consumers and / or low-voltage network areas takes place via the outlets 3 a low-voltage switchgear, where the number of outlets can be variable, depending on the requirements of the user or the application. The low-voltage outlets within a switchgear are supplied either via a cable laying in a point-to-point principle or via a three-phase busbar system. Both versions have in common that before each departure a protective device serving the selective line protection 1 is integrated, as exemplified in the 2 to 6 is shown. The invention relates to low-voltage switchgear whose protective devices as NH fuse switch disconnectors 1 or NH fuse switch disconnectors are executed, ie such protective devices, the fuses of the so-called low-voltage high-performance (NH) type have.

The solution according to the invention intends a measuring and control electronics 5 in the NH fuse-switch-disconnectors 1 or to integrate NH fuse switch disconnector, in the way that you are an integral part of the cable compartment cover 4 an NH fuse switch-disconnector 1 or an NH fuse switch disconnector. Depending on the number of low-voltage outlets 3 can then correspondingly many NH fuse switch disconnectors 1 with a corresponding cable compartment cover 4 with measuring and control electronics 5 be equipped.

Described below is a measuring and control electronics according to the invention 5 , on which several measuring inputs are integrated, which are primarily for detecting the voltage on the outgoing side of a switching device 9 serve (see 5 ), but is also suitable for detecting other voltages or currents. In addition to the measuring inputs, this electronics 5 equipped with an output unit, in the form that on her integrated floating switch contacts 16a . 16b the active control of a switching device 9 , such as a contactor or circuit breaker, allow. Via further input contacts 17a . 17b can the switching state of the switching device 9 be recorded again. For communication with a central unit or other measuring and control electronics 5 adjacent outlets 3 will this electronics 5 with a standardized communication interface 7 equipped.

For the later construction, the arrangement of the measurements, the switching contacts 16a . 16b and feedback contacts 17a . 17b and the supply of each component is in 1 an overall concept of the measurement and control electronics to be accommodated on a circuit board 5 shown. The Electronic 5 is characterized, among other things, by a clear potential separation between the side of the measurements, ie the analog side (high-side), and the side of the digital processing, ie the digital side (low-side). For this purpose, for the measurement of electrical quantities AD converter 15a . 15b . 15c . 15d used with galvanic isolation. A first A / D converter 15a measures a first line voltage / phase voltage U _L1-N to the neutral, a second A / D converter 15b a second mains voltage / phase voltage U _L2-N , a third A / D converter 15c a third line voltage / phase voltage U _L3-N , A fourth A / D converter 15d measures the tension U _PE-N between the neutral conductor N and the protective conductor PE ,

A characteristic here is that both the analog side and the digital side each have an independent supply. The digital side is supplied with a DC voltage through the communication interface 7 via a suitable voltage transformer 21 , Alternatively, a separate interface for supplying the digital side may be provided, or the power strip 8th to be extended by appropriate contacts. The voltage supply of the analogue side can be determined from the mains voltage to be measured U _L1-N . U _L2-N and U _L3-N via a power supply 14a , or via an isolated voltage transformer 14b from the digital page. In any case, the reference of the analogue side is at the mains voltage level, ie the neutral conductor N. Regardless of the design, all the necessary power supplies are on the measuring and control electronics 5 arranged.

For mains voltage measurement U _L1-N . U _L2-N . U _L3-N and U _PE-N become corresponding voltage dividers 20a . 20b . 20c . 20d used the measuring voltages to the input voltage ranges of the used AD converter 15a . 15b . 15c . 15d to adjust. Alternatively, an adaptation of the voltage dividers, which are then designed in the form of measuring shunts, could also be used to connect current transformers, with which the currents can also be connected I _L1 . I _L2 . I _L3 and I _PEN could be detected with the measuring electronics. Also, the mixed detection of voltages and currents, in the total number 4 different sizes, would be possible on a corresponding design of the voltage divider. In addition to the electrical variables can still have a temperature sensor 19 be applied to the measuring board for measuring the temperature θ, whose signals are also applied to the processing unit 18 be guided. For controlling switching devices 9 for disconnecting and connecting the low voltage outlets 3 become one or more potential-free output contacts 16a . 16b also by the processing unit 18 driven. One or more entrances 17a . 17b , here for example in1 and In 2 , are also with the processing unit 18 connected and can be used to report the switching states of one or more switching devices 9 serve.

2 shows the starting point for the mechanical integration of the electronics 5 using the example of a NH fuse-load rail 1 , over the switch cover 2 The NH fuse elements can be used. About the outlet lines 3a . 3b . 3c the connected low-voltage outlets are supplied. The cable compartment cover 4 , which optionally under the NH fuse-load formwork 1 can be attached, usually serves an extended contact protection against direct contact with the live parts of the Leistenabgangs 3 , The cable compartment cover 4 has two parallel side legs 22 , as intended, across the cable outlets 3a 3b . 3c lie around and grip them laterally. The side legs 22 go at one longitudinal end in one piece in an end wall 23 over that the actual cover of the departure 3 forms.

3 shows an enlarged section of the lower part of a NH fuse load switching strip 1 , to which now a cable compartment cover 4 in front of the departure lines 3a . 3b . 3c was fixed with the NH fuse switch disconnector 1 flees.

In 4 is an inventive cable space cover 4 with one on the front wall 23 attached electronics holder 24 , On this is the measuring and control electronics 5 assembled. With an electronics cover 6 will be part or all of the electronics 5 additionally protected against external influences and achieved at the same time a contact protection. In the electronics cover 6 corresponding openings are integrated, through the two communication interfaces / data interfaces 7 and one or more multi-pin connector strip / connector strips 8th are accessible, so that a corresponding communication connection and the power strip / power strips 8th a metrological and control connection to the switching device 9 can be produced. The power strip / power strip 8th includes contacts that form the measuring inputs, as well as the switching contacts 16a . 16b and the input contacts 17a . 17b ,

5 shows a section of a NH fuse switch-disconnector 1 , which with a cable compartment cover 4 including the measuring and control electronics 5 Is provided. Below the cable compartment cover 4 is a switching device 9 placed with which the outgoing lines 3a . 3b . 3c can be switched on and off. The switching device 9 can be eg a power contactor, circuit breaker or other switching device. Also, the number of switching phases could be made variable. So could with one 4 -poliger switching device and the neutral conductor (or PEN) are separated, depending on the requirements. The switching device 9 has measuring and control contacts, by means of which the switching device 9 over the power strip 8th can be connected to the measurement and control electronics.

According to the invention it is provided that these contacts via a multi-pin connector strip 8th with the measuring and control electronics 5 connect so that in case of an exchange of electronics 5 or operating the output terminals of the NH fuse switch-disconnector 1 the cable compartment cover 4 including the measuring and control electronics 5 after loosening the plug / socket from the power strip 8th can be easily removed without having to solve further connections or lines. Depending on the requirement, the power strip 8th be contacted from behind (inside the cable compartment) or from the front (in front of the cable compartment). The power supply of the digital side of the network-capable measuring and control electronics 5 can via the data interface 7 be electrically supplied with power, which is then designed as a combination interface for power supply and data transmission. Alternatively, the power supply via the power strip 8th or a separate additional interface.

The supply of the analogue side of the measuring and control electronics 5 takes place either via an AC-DC voltage converter 14a , which via the connector strip 8th with one of the voltages to be measured, eg. U _L1-N , connected is. Alternatively, the supply of the analog side via an isolated DC-DC voltage converter 14b starting from the digital page.

In 6 is an arrangement of several parallel NH fuse switch strips 1 shown, with each bar 1 with its own cable compartment cover 4 and a measuring and control electronics 5 is equipped and every departure 3 via a switching device 9 is switchable. On the measuring and control electronics 5 are each two data interfaces 7 arranged. By means of communication connections 11 a corresponding communication with another data processing unit can be established. Depending on the selected topology, different variants can be set up. 6 exemplifies the connection in a line or ring topology.

An advantage of the solution according to the invention is the combination of a cable compartment cover 4 on a NH fuse switch-disconnector 1 or an NH fuse switch disconnector and intelligent measuring and control electronics 5 for measuring physical states and for controlling switching devices 9 , An advantage results in particular by the positioning of the measuring and control electronics 5 on the cable compartment cover 4 , As a result, the space is optimally used within a low-voltage switchgear, as for this measurement and control electronics 5 no additional space required. Furthermore, all necessary contacts for measured value acquisition and for control and feedback signals via the connector strip 8th directly to the measuring and control electronics 5 in the outgoing area of the NH fuse-switch-disconnector 1 or the NH fuse switch disconnector, so that the wiring costs compared to alternative solutions greatly reduced. About the plug contacts 8th can the measuring and control electronics 5 also swap quickly without having to worry about a supply interruption.

In further, not shown embodiments, the following may be provided:

In the field of use in low-voltage distribution in a low-voltage distribution network can be with the invention Solutions at the respective outlets 3 connect or disconnect connected network areas.

On the one hand, these possibilities can be used to carry out possibly necessary topology changes (supply of an open ring).

On the other hand, this could also be the conventional system recovery supported by a failure of the public power supply, that even smaller low-voltage network areas can be easily turned on and off. Size load jumps that occur when switching on entire distribution grids at the moment of connection could thus be reduced.

In a further embodiment, the measurement and control electronics could 5 in conjunction with the switching device 9 also be used as a kind of synchronizing device. This could be done after opening the switchgear 9 low-voltage network areas operated in an off-grid power supply. In conjunction with a busbar-side voltage measurement, the voltage measurement on the outgoing side of the switching device 9 be used to establish a balance between the two voltage systems, if the information influenced the island grids in such a way that the voltage systems can be equalized. Subsequently, with the measuring and control electronics 5 in conjunction with the switching device 9 the island grids are connected to each other without excessive equalizing currents.

In a further embodiment, instead of the voltage measurement, a current measurement for monitoring the currents could be used. So could by the measuring and control electronics 5 the switching device 9 if the output lines are overloaded, instruct them to switch off the low voltage output before the fuses in the NH fuse switch disconnectors are triggered, which would require manual replacement of the fuse elements. In particular, the neutral conductor (or PEN) could also be monitored by the current measurement. As a rule, these conductors are not protected by protective devices. Due to the changed load profiles (asymmetrical infeed / consumption, non-linear loads), the neutral conductors (or PEN conductors) are increasingly burdened today. In part, the currents in the neutral conductor (or PEN conductor) may have currents that are above the currents of the outer conductors.

As described above, a measurement and control electronics for measuring physical quantities in a low-voltage output of a low-voltage switchgear, which is equipped for selective line protection with NH fuse switch disconnectors or NH fuse switch disconnectors and for switching on and off of a low-voltage outlet additionally each a switching device is integrated, wherein the measurement and control electronics in combination with the NH-fuse switch disconnector or a NH fuse switch disconnector associated cable compartment cover is a structural unit, which can be mounted instead of a conventional cable compartment cover in the cable compartment on a NH fuse switch disconnector or NH fuse switch disconnector and the Mess - And control electronics is functionally designed in such a way that voltage taps or current transformers or similar current-sensing elements and the control and feedback contacts for one or a plurality of switching device can be connected to this measurement and control electronics, and that on this measurement and control electronics a corresponding Meßwertumformung - and processing and for controlling the / the switching devices (s) a corresponding signal output, wherein the measurement and control electronics via a communication link can be additionally connected to another data processing unit.

Preferably, the measurement and control electronics is a component of a cable compartment cover of a NH fuse-switch-disconnector or NH fuse-switch-disconnector, and may be connected to this protective device 1 be plugged in place of a standard cable compartment cover.

• - die Spannung und/ oder der Strom der Phase L1, und/ oder
• - die Spannung und/ oder der Strom der Phase L2, und/ oder
• - die Spannung und/ oder der Strom der Phase L3, und/ oder
• - die Spannung und/ oder der Strom des Neutralleiters, und/ oder
• - die Spannung und/ oder der Strom des PEN-Leiters, und/ oder
• - die Spannung zwischen zwei der Phasen L1, L2 oder L3, und/ oder
• - die Temperatur einer der Phasen oder der Mess- und Steuerelektronik,

an einer NH-Sicherungslastschaltleiste oder einem NH-Sicherungslasttrennschalter, einem Schaltgerät oder anderweitigem Gerät.The physical, in particular electrical quantities to be detected can be, for example:

• - the voltage and / or the current of the phase L1 , and or
• - the voltage and / or the current of the phase L2 , and or
• - the voltage and / or the current of the phase L3 , and or
• the voltage and / or the current of the neutral conductor, and / or
• the voltage and / or the current of the PEN conductor, and / or
• - the voltage between two of the phases L1 . L2 or L3 , and or
• the temperature of one of the phases or the measurement and control electronics,

on a NH fuse-switch disconnector or NH fuse switch-disconnector, switchgear or other device.

Preferably, on the measurement and control electronics 5 a measured value preprocessing be performed.

Preferably, with the measurement and control electronics 5 the control of one or more switching devices 5 or one or more signaling devices or the like or the combination of these devices.

Preferably, with the measurement and control electronics 5 one or more binary, digital or analog input signals, eg the feedback contacts of a switching device 9 to be recorded.

• - die Spannungsversorgung erfolgt oder
• - die Kommunikationsverbindung gewährleistet ist oder
• - Spannungs- und/oder Stromgrenzen eingehalten sind oder
• - Temperaturgrenzen eingehalten sind
• - die angebundenen Schaltgeräte oder Meldevorrichtungen angesteuert sind oder
• - einer oder mehrere der oben genannten Zustände vorliegt.

Preferably, on the measurement and control electronics 5 Visibly mounted signal generator, such as LEDs, be present. With these can be signaled, for example, whether

• - the power supply is or
• - the communication connection is guaranteed or
• - Voltage and / or current limits are respected or
• - Temperature limits are met
• - The connected switching devices or signaling devices are driven or
• - one or more of the above conditions exists.

• - dass jede Mess- und Steuerelektronik die an einer jeden NH-Sicherungslastschaltleiste oder NH-Sicherungslasttrennschalter angebracht ist, eigenständig mit der zentralen Datenverarbeitungseinheit kommuniziert, welche eine externe Kommunikation (aus der Niederspannungsschaltanlage heraus) ermöglicht und über eine Stern-Topologie mit dieser Verbunden ist; und/oder
• - dass jedes Mess- und Steuerelektronik die an einer jeden NH-Sicherungslastschaltleiste oder NH-Sicherungslasttrennschalter angebracht ist, eigenständig mit der zentralen Datenverarbeitungseinheit kommuniziert, welche eine externe Kommunikation ermöglicht und über eine Linien-Topologie mit dieser Verbunden ist; und/ oder
• - dass jedes Mess- und Steuerelektronik die an einer jeden NH-Sicherungslastschaltleiste oder NH-Sicherungslasttrennschalter angebracht ist, eigenständig mit der zentralen Datenverarbeitungseinheit kommuniziert, welche eine externe Kommunikation ermöglicht und über eine Ring-Topologie mit dieser Verbunden ist; und/ oder
• - dass jede Mess- und Steuerelektronik die an einer jeden NH-Sicherungslastschaltleiste oder NH-Sicherungslasttrennschalter angebracht ist, mit einer Kommunikationseinrichtung ausgestattet ist, die die externe Kommunikation separat ermöglicht.

Preferably, the measurement and control electronics can communicate in such a central data processing unit associated with a low-voltage switchgear,

• - that each measuring and control electronics attached to each NH fuse-switch disconnector or NH fuse-switch is autonomously communicating with the central data-processing unit, which enables external communication (from the low-voltage switchgear) and is connected to it via a star topology; and or
• - that each measurement and control electronics attached to each NH fuse switch disconnector or NH fuse switch is autonomously communicating with the central data processing unit, which enables external communication and is connected to it via a line topology; and or
• - that each measurement and control electronics attached to each NH fuse switch disconnector or NH fuse switch is autonomously communicating with the central data processing unit, which enables external communication and is connected to it via a ring topology; and or
• - That each measuring and control electronics attached to each NH fuse-switch disconnector or NH fuse-switch-disconnector is equipped with a communication device which enables external communication separately.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

guard

2

switch cover

3

leaving

3a, 3b, 3c

outgoing lines

4

Cable compartment cover

5

Measuring and control electronics

6

electronics cover

7

Data Interface

8th

power strip

9

switchgear

10

Control and feedback contacts of the switching device

11

Communication connection, communication line

14a

Power supply via mains voltage

14b

Power supply from digital side

15a-15d

ADC

16a, 16b

switching contact

17a, 17b

input contact

18

processing unit

19

temperature sensor

20a-20d

voltage divider

21

DC converter

22

side leg

23

bulkhead

24

electronics holder

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1058283 A2 [0004]
• EP 2259284 A2 [0004]
• DE 102011052449 A1 [0004]
• DE 10315623 A1 [0005, 0006]

Claims (15)

Measuring and control electronics (5) for an electrical protective device (1) in the form of a fuse switch-disconnector or fuse switch disconnector within a low-voltage switchgear for protecting a feeder (3) in the form of outgoing lines (3a, 3b) emerging laterally from the protective device (1) 3c), which are covered by a protective device (1) associated cable space cover (4) in the exit area, wherein the measuring and control electronics (5) a plurality of measuring inputs for detecting electrical variables of the outgoing (3) and at least one potential-free switching contact (16a, 16b ) for controlling a in the outlet (3) arranged switching device (9) for separating or connecting the outlet (3) in dependence of at least one detected size, characterized in that the measuring and control electronics (5) structurally a unit with the cable space cover (4) forms. Measuring and control electronics (5) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises at least one input contact (17a, 17b) for receiving a feedback signal via a switching state of the switching device (9). Measuring and control electronics (5) according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that it comprises at least one, preferably two identical communication interfaces and / or data interfaces (7) for connection to a central unit, another measurement and control electronics (5) and / or with a network. Measurement and control electronics (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the analogue side is fed via a DC voltage supply from one phase of the protective device (1) or the outgoing (3) and / or the digital side from a processing unit (18 ) is fed. Measuring and control electronics (5) according to Claim 4 , characterized in that the processing unit (18) is an FPGA. Measuring and control electronics (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring inputs are each connected via a voltage divider (20a-20d) with a phase voltage to be measured. Measurement and control electronics (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a temperature sensor (19) and is arranged together with this on a circuit board. Measurement and control electronics (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cable space cover (4) is U-shaped with two side legs (21) which merge integrally at a longitudinal end in a common end wall (22), wherein the End wall (22) carries the measuring and control electronics (5). Measuring and control electronics (5) according to Claim 8 , characterized in that the cable space cover (4) on the end wall (22) carries or has an electronics holder (23) on which a circuit board of the measuring and control electronics (5) is held. Measuring and control electronics (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is an electronics cover (6) on the cable space cover (4) is held, under which at least a part of the measuring and control electronics (5) rests protected. Measuring and control electronics (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one multi-pin connector strip (8) with plug contacts for connecting a plug or a socket of a connecting line to the switching device (9), wherein at least one of the plug contacts with at least one of the measuring inputs, and / or the switching contact (16a, 16b) is connected, and / or the input contact (17a, 17b) forms. Measuring and control electronics (5) according to Claim 11 , characterized in that the connector strip (8) through an opening in the end wall (22) from the rear or through an opening in the electronics cover (6) is contacted from the front. Arrangement of an electrical protective device (1) in the form of a fuse-switch-disconnector or fuse switch-disconnector within a low-voltage switchgear to protect a feeder (3) in the form of outgoing lines (3a, 3b, 3c) emerging laterally from the protective device (1) and a measuring circuit Control electronics (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cable space cover (4) on a housing of the protective device (1), in particular under normal installation under or above the protective device (1) is mounted. Arrangement of an electrical protective device (1) in the form of a fuse switch-disconnector or fuse-switch disconnector within a low-voltage switchgear to protect a feeder (3) in the form of outgoing lines (3a, 3b, 3c) emerging laterally from the protective device (1); and control electronics (5) according to one of Claims 1 to 12 and a switching device (9) arranged in the outlet (3) for separating or connecting the outlet (3), characterized in that the switching device (9) is flush with or above the protective device (1) when the protective device (1) is mounted as intended. and the measuring and control electronics (5) with the terminal compartment cover (4) between the protective device and the switching device (9) is mounted. Arrangement according to Claim 14 , characterized in that the switching device (9) is an externally switchable contactor or an externally switchable circuit breaker.

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