DE102016212545A1 - System for the operation of a load - Google Patents

Abstract

A system (100) is provided for operating a load (90) comprising a high performance electrochemical store (80) having at least one output (81) for electrically conductive connection to a load (90) and at least one sensor (70). includes. The at least one sensor (70) is configured to measure the temperature of the high performance electrochemical store (80) and / or the voltage at the at least one output (81) of the high performance electrochemical store (80). The system (100) further comprises a system management unit (60) adapted to control the voltage at the at least one output (81) of the high performance electrochemical storage (80) in response to a change in temperature of the high performance electrochemical storage ( 80) in such a way that a change in the value of the power density of the high-performance electrochemical accumulator (80) due to the temperature change is counteracted.

Description

The present invention relates to a system for operating a load which comprises a high-performance electrochemical accumulator comprising at least one output for electrically conductive connection to a load and at least one sensor. The sensor is configured to measure the temperature of the high performance electrochemical storage and the voltage at the at least one output of the high performance electrochemical storage. Furthermore, the system comprises a system management unit.

State of the art

Electrochemical energy storage such as lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors or hybrid supercapacitors, which are suitable for use in a very wide temperature range, for example in a temperature range of about -40 to 120 ° C, gaining increasingly, especially in the automotive industry in importance. The problem with high-temperature applications is in particular the decomposition of the electrolyte at high voltages. Due to the high voltage and temperature side reactions that are responsible for the decomposition of the electrolyte, between the various components of the energy storage, such as the electrodes and the electrolyte, amplified. The cell is thus sustainably damaged and loses capacity. In lithium-ion batteries, the so-called Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI), which protects the anode material from direct contact with the electrolyte, is also permanently damaged at high temperatures, which can lead to failure of the cell. Nevertheless, there are already rechargeable high-temperature lithium-ion batteries, which, however, have a very short life and only low charge / discharge rates at high temperatures and are completely unusable for power-intensive applications. At cryogenic temperatures, the performance of supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries is severely degraded as the viscosity of the electrolyte greatly increases, thereby greatly decreasing performance. Likewise, the available potential window or voltage window of the respective energy store, which determines the cell voltage of a lithium-ion battery or of a supercapacitor, is influenced by the temperature.

In 1 For example, the voltage window of a conventional double-layer capacitor is shown in a coordinate system. Here, the ordinate of the coordinate system shows the voltage or the potential of the double-layer capacitor, while the abscissa of the coordinate system shows the specific capacitance of the double-layer capacitor in mAh / g. This in 1 The voltage window shown spans between two straight lines intersecting in the point (0/3) of the coordinate system, of which the lower straight line represents the potential of the anode, while the upper straight line represents the potential of the cathode of the double-layer capacitor. The vertical double arrows represent the width of the voltage window and thus the available cell voltage of the double-layer capacitor, while the simple black arrows represent the influence of high temperatures on the voltage window and the simple white arrows the influence of low temperatures on the voltage window. Thus, the maximum voltage window increases at low temperatures, because the side reactions described above - compared to an operation at room temperature - only start at higher cell voltages. On the other hand, the maximum voltage window decreases at high temperatures, since the side reactions start even at lower cell voltages, compared to operation at room temperature. Furthermore, in 1 two voltage ranges 6 . 7 of which the upper one indicates a voltage range in which gas formation due to oxidative decomposition occurs, while the lower one indicates a voltage range in which gas formation due to reductive decomposition occurs.

There is currently no system based on high performance electrochemical storage, for example, based on conventional supercapacitors or hybrid supercapacitors, which can deliver energy efficient moderate power in both high and low temperature ranges.

Disclosure of the invention

According to the invention, there is provided a system for operating a load comprising a high performance electrochemical storage comprising at least one output for electrically conductive communication with a load and at least one sensor. The at least one sensor is configured to measure the temperature of the high-performance electrochemical store and / or the voltage at the at least one output of the high-performance electrochemical store. Further, the system includes a system management unit configured to change the voltage at the at least one output of the high performance electrochemical store in response to a change in the temperature of the high performance electrochemical store such that a change in temperature due to the temperature change the power density of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator is counteracted.

In other words, the system according to the invention makes it possible to provide a high-performance electrochemical accumulator with outstanding performance by varying the respective voltage windows with energy-efficient and suitable power electronics or control electronics and system management for different temperature ranges. Furthermore, the system of the invention increases the life of high performance electrochemical storage at both high and low temperatures. Furthermore, the system according to the invention has a greatly reduced additional energy consumption over its entire service life. In contrast to the prior art, the system of the present invention enables the provision of high performance electrochemical storage devices with outstanding performance and life in both high and low temperature applications. Thus, the system according to the invention makes it possible to expand the possible fields of application of electrochemical high-performance accumulators, both in the field of high-temperature applications and in the field of low-temperature applications. Furthermore, high-performance electrochemical accumulators used in a system according to the invention have an increased service life. At low temperatures, the system of the present invention allows compensation for the reduction in power density of high performance electrochemical storage caused by low ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. This can be achieved by increasing or increasing the potential window, in particular by charging the cells of a high-performance electrochemical storage to a higher voltage, without the risk of irreparable cell damage. At high temperatures, the inventive system allows compensation of the high rate of electrolyte degradation by reducing the potential window, in particular by discharging the cells of a high performance electrochemical storage to a lower voltage, without reducing the power delivery of the cells, since the smaller voltage window is intrinsically higher Ion conductivity of the electrolyte is compensated at high temperatures. Overall, all this allows a constant, temperature-independent power supply through the cells or through the module or by the electrochemical high-performance storage. In addition, the high-performance electrochemical storage device used in a system according to the invention has a lower energy loss and thus a lower energy requirement than a comparable high-performance electrochemical storage of the prior art. The system according to the invention thus provides a high-performance electrochemical storage, that is to say, for example, a conventional supercapacitor or hybrid supercapacitor which can deliver moderate power both in the high and in the low temperature range. This is possible by counteracting a change in the power density thereof due to a change in the temperature of the high-performance electrochemical accumulator due to a change in the internal resistance of the high-performance electrochemical accumulator.

Preferably, the system management unit is configured to cause a change in the voltage at the at least one output of the high performance electrochemical storage in response to a change in the temperature of the high performance electrochemical storage such that a change in the value of the power density of the high performance electrochemical storage due to the temperature change counteracted.

Preferably, the system management unit is configured to vary the voltage at the at least one output of the high performance electrochemical storage in response to a change in the temperature of the high performance electrochemical storage such that a change in the value of the power density of the high performance electrochemical storage due to the temperature change is compensated ,

Preferably, the system management unit is configured to adjust the voltage at the at least one output of the high performance electrochemical storage such that the power density of the high performance electrochemical storage remains constant during the provision of the voltage. Such a system allows a constant, temperature-independent power delivery to a load, for example, to the drive of a motor vehicle or safety systems built in the motor vehicle, by a high-performance electrochemical storage such as a supercapacitor. Preferred during deployment is throughout the time in which a voltage is provided by the high performance electrochemical store. Further preferably, the system management unit is configured to cause an adjustment of the voltage at the at least one output of the high performance electrochemical storage such that the power density of the high performance electrochemical storage remains constant during the provision of the voltage.

In a preferred embodiment, the power is calculated to be constant P = U ² / 4R _i , where R _{i is} the internal resistance of the high performance electrochemical storage and U is the voltage adapted by the system management unit at the at least one output of the high performance electrochemical storage.

Preferably, the system management unit is connected to the at least one sensor and configured to determine from the temperature measured by the sensor and a given at the at least one output voltage, a target voltage for the electrochemical high-performance storage. Particularly preferably, the system management unit is connected to the at least one sensor and configured to determine from the temperature measured by the sensor and the voltage measured by means of the sensor, a desired voltage for the electrochemical high-performance storage. Most preferably, the system management unit is connected to the at least one sensor and configured to determine from the measured by the sensor temperature and a voltage measured by a voltage measuring device at the at least one output a desired voltage for the electrochemical high-performance storage. In such an embodiment variant, the target value for the voltage, ie the setpoint voltage, may for example be provided to other components of the system and advantageously used by the latter to set the voltage at the at least one output of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator to this setpoint voltage.

In a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises a power stage electrically connected to the high performance electrochemical storage, the system management unit being configured to provide the power stage with the desired voltage for the high performance electrochemical storage. The system management unit and the power stage are preferably connected to one another via a signal path, particularly preferably via an electrically conductive signal path. Further preferably, the power stage is part of the system management unit. Furthermore, the power stage is preferably part of the high-performance electrochemical storage. In such a system, the adjustment or change in the voltage at the at least one output of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator is advantageously caused or effected by a power stage. By such power levels can be done very quickly a very precise adjustment of the voltage at the at least one output of the electrochemical high-performance storage.

Preferably, the power stage is configured to compare the voltage at the at least one output of the high performance electrochemical store to a desired voltage preset thereto, and to maintain, increase, or increase the voltage at the at least one output of the high performance electrochemical store, depending on the result of the comparison reduce. An increasing temperature of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator leads to a reduction of the internal resistance. For this reason, it is preferable to reduce the voltage provided by the high-performance electrochemical storage as the temperature of the high-performance electrochemical accumulator increases. Thus, if the actual voltage is greater than the desired voltage, the voltage at the at least one output is reduced as a result of the comparison by the power level. Conversely, a sinking temperature of the high-performance electrochemical accumulator leads to an increase in the internal resistance of the high-performance electrochemical accumulator. For this reason, it is preferable to increase the voltage provided by the high-performance electrochemical storage as the temperature of the high-performance electrochemical accumulator decreases. Thus, if the actual voltage is less than the desired voltage, the voltage at the at least one output is increased as a result of the comparison by the power level. It is further preferred to maintain the voltage provided by the high performance electrochemical store at an unchanged temperature. If, therefore, the actual voltage corresponds to the setpoint voltage, then the voltage at the at least one output is neither reduced nor increased as a result of the comparison, but maintained by the power stage.

Preferably, the power stage includes a capacitor coupled to the high performance electrochemical store configured to be charged to a decrease in voltage at the at least one output from the high performance electrochemical store and / or to increase the voltage at the at least one output of the high performance electrochemical store to load. In such an embodiment, the energy is largely retained by the system and is not lost, for example by conversion to heat. Thus, the system is particularly energy efficient in this embodiment due to the intended power electronics or control electronics and the system management unit, which play a special role for the charge balance in particular. In general, additional energy must be expended in a variation of the voltage window of the electrochemical high-performance storage, as consumed in a reduction of the working voltage energy and at a Increase of the working voltage energy must be supplied again. In the embodiment described above, the amount of energy to be applied is greatly reduced. Preferably, to reduce the voltage at the at least one output, a charge amount corresponding to the voltage reduction is transferred from the high-performance electrochemical storage to the capacitor. Preferably, to increase the voltage at the at least one output, a charge amount corresponding to the voltage increase is transferred from the high-performance electrochemical accumulator to the capacitor.

The power stage preferably has an electrical resistance with which the high-performance electrochemical accumulator can be electrically conductively connected to reduce the voltage at the at least one output. In such an embodiment variant, it is possible to achieve a voltage reduction at the at least one output with a cost-effective design, that is to say without much circuit complexity, by consuming energy from the electrochemical high-performance accumulator at the resistor.

In a preferred further development of this embodiment, the system further comprises a further energy source, by means of which the high-performance electrochemical accumulator can be charged to an increase in the voltage at the at least one output to a desired charge level. Preferably, the further energy source is the battery of a motor vehicle. In such an embodiment, a voltage increase at the at least one output is accomplished by an external energy input from an external power source. For example, in applications in which an external energy source is provided anyway, such as in an application in a motor vehicle, a simple and nevertheless efficient construction of the system is possible by the combination of the electrical resistance and the other energy source.

Preferably, the system management unit is further configured to measure the voltage dropping across a load connected to the at least one output. In such an embodiment, the operation of a load with a more precisely adjusted voltage and thus more efficient and gentle for the electrochemical high-performance storage can be done.

Preferably, the system further comprises a power and control unit configured to change a current provided by the high performance electrochemical storage to the at least one output. In such an embodiment, maintaining the power density of the high performance electrochemical storage can be optimized.

In a preferred embodiment, the current provided by the high-performance electrochemical accumulator to the at least one output is changed so as to correspond instantaneously to a current required instantaneously by a load electrically conductively connected to the at least one output. Due to the power density to be kept constant, the system management unit decides the amount of voltage output from the high-performance electrochemical storage to the at least one output. The current can then be advantageously adapted via the power and control unit to a required load current.

Preferably, the high performance electrochemical storage is a supercapacitor. More preferably, the high performance electrochemical storage is a hybrid supercapacitor. In general, supercapacitors have a higher power density than, for example, lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, hybrid supercapacitors have high power and energy density and thus act as gap fillers between lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors.

Preferably, the temperature of the high performance electrochemical storage is an ambient temperature of the high performance electrochemical storage. More preferably, it is a temperature which is measured in the immediate vicinity of the high performance electrochemical store. Most preferably, it is a temperature which is measured within the high performance electrochemical storage and / or on an outer wall thereof.

Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims and described in the description.

drawings

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings and the description below. Show it:

1 the voltage window of a conventional double-layer capacitor,

2 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of a system according to the invention for the operation of a load;

3 a block diagram of a second embodiment of a system according to the invention for the operation of a load, and

4 Block diagrams of two different power levels from different embodiments of systems according to the invention.

Embodiments of the invention

2 shows a block diagram of a first embodiment of a system according to the invention 100 for the operation of a load 90 , which in this first exemplary embodiment is a construction machine purely by way of example. The system 100 includes a high performance electrochemical storage 80 which purely by way of example an output 81 for electrically conductive connection with the load 90 - Here the construction machine - includes and is purely exemplary designed as a hybrid supercapacitor. Furthermore, the high-performance electrochemical storage includes 80 in this first embodiment purely by way of example two sensors 70 one of which is adapted to the temperature of the high-performance electrochemical storage 80 while the other is designed to measure the voltage at the output 81 of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 to eat. Furthermore, the system includes 100 a system management unit 60 , which in this embodiment purely by way of example with the sensors 70 connected is. The connection is in 2 represented by a dashed line. In this first exemplary embodiment, it is purely an example of an electrically conductive connection which is sufficient to transmit sensor data. However, it can also be a wireless connection, which, for example, comes about via a transmission network, for example a radio or WLAN network. In other embodiments, it is also possible that no or no direct connection between the system management unit 60 and the sensor (s) 70 of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 consists.

The system management unit 60 is designed to be the voltage at the output 81 of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 in response to a change in the temperature of the high performance electrochemical storage 80 to change such that a change in the value of the power density of the high-performance electrochemical accumulator due to the temperature change 80 counteracted. Further, the system management unit 60 formed in this first embodiment purely by way of example, the voltage at the one output 81 of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 such that the power density of the high performance electrochemical storage 80 remains constant during the provision of the voltage.

In other words, the high-performance electrochemical storage unit communicates 80 in this first exemplary embodiment purely by way of example the one by means of the sensor 70 measured temperature of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator 80 as well as the other of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 to the exit 81 provided voltage to the system management unit 60 , Represents the system management unit 60 an increase in the temperature of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator 80 fixed, so it causes in this first embodiment, purely by way of example, a reduction in the output 81 provided tension. Represents the system management unit 60 however, a decrease in the temperature of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator 80 fixed, so it causes in this first embodiment purely by way of example an increase in the output 81 provided tension. In this first embodiment, a reduction in the output 81 provided voltage by one of the system management unit 60 caused discharge of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator 80 brought about. Further, in this first embodiment, an increase in the output 81 provided voltage by one of the system management unit 60 caused charge of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 brought about. A reduction or increase in the voltage of the high performance electrochemical storage 80 but can also be brought about in other ways.

In 3 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of a system according to the invention 100 for the operation of a load 90 shown. The second embodiment is substantially identical to that in FIG 2 shown and described above first embodiment of a system according to the invention 100 , so that the previously described - if nothing else is described below - also for in 3 identically named components applies. In this second embodiment, the high-performance electrochemical storage includes 80 a plurality of series connected electrochemical storage cells, of which in 3 two are shown. Furthermore, the high-performance electrochemical storage includes 80 a sensor 70 , which is adapted to the temperature of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator 80 to eat.

Also in 3 shown system 100 has a system management unit 60 on, which in this second embodiment purely by way of example a control electronics 63 includes. The control electronics 63 includes in this second embodiment purely by way of example a digital signal processor with other components. But it can also be a differently implemented control electronics 63 come into use. The control electronics 63 In this embodiment, by way of example only, an algorithm is provided for adapting the voltage at the output 81 of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 to perform in the manner set out above. In this second embodiment, the control electronics 63 via a first electrically conductive signal path 65 connected to the series connected electrochemical storage cells. The memory cells may also be connected in parallel in other embodiments. Furthermore, the memory cells can also be connected in series and parallel to one another. About this first electrically conductive signal path 65 engages the control electronics 63 the instantaneous at the exit 81 of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 voltage supplied by the same. Via a second electrically conductive signal path 66 is the control electronics 63 with the sensor 70 connected electrically conductive. Via the second electrically conductive signal path 66 engages the control electronics 63 that from the sensor 70 measured temperature and supplies them to the algorithm. The system management unit 60 with the control electronics 63 is designed in this second embodiment, from the means of the sensor 70 measured temperature as well as the output 81 of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 voltage applied a setpoint voltage for the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 to investigate. In this case, the determined nominal voltage is always the voltage which is generated by the electrochemical high-performance accumulator 80 at the exit 81 must be provided so that the power density of the high-performance electrochemical storage 80 over the entire duration of operation of the high performance electrochemical storage 80 remains constant.

The system 100 Further, in this second embodiment, a power stage is included purely by way of example 55 , which via a third electrically conductive signal path 67 with the control electronics 63 the system management unit 60 connected is. In this second embodiment, the system management unit 60 by means of the control electronics 63 trained to the power level 55 the desired voltage for the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 pretend. The performance level 55 however, it is designed to be the voltage at the output 81 of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 with one of her from the system management unit 60 or the control electronics 63 predetermined voltage to be compared and, depending on the result of the comparison, the voltage at the output 81 of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 maintain, increase or decrease. For this purpose is the power level 55 via a fourth electrically conductive signal path 68 with the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 connected via which they are at the exit 81 of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 applied voltage, so the actual voltage, picks up. Furthermore, the power level 55 via a power drain path 58 as well as a power supply path 59 with the series-connected electrochemical storage cells of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 connected. The adjustment of the voltage at the output 81 of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 takes place in this embodiment purely by way of example a charge or a discharge of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 , wherein the amount of charge added or removed causes the desired voltage variation.

Specifically, the performance level indicates 55 in this second embodiment one with the high performance electrochemical storage 80 connected capacitor (not shown in 3 ), which is arranged to reduce the voltage at the output 81 from the high performance electrochemical storage 80 to be charged and to increase the voltage at the output 81 the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 to load. The discharge of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator 80 via the power drain path 58 while charging the electrochemical high-performance accumulator 80 over the power supply path 59 he follows.

With an increase in the temperature of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator 80 The internal resistance of the same decreases, so that the voltage at the output 81 of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 is to reduce the power density of the high-performance electrochemical storage 80 to keep constant. The control electronics 63 the system management unit 60 indicating the voltage value and the temperature of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator 80 detects, in such a case calculates over the algorithm a relation to a previous value reduced target voltage and gives it the power level 55 in front of which the setpoint voltage is at the output 81 provided actual voltage compares. If the comparison shows that the setpoint voltage is lower by a certain amount .DELTA.U than that at the output 81 from the high performance electrochemical storage 80 provided actual voltage, so causes the power level 55 a discharge of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 or a charge of the capacitor by an amount of charge ΔQ. The amount of charge ΔQ, which depends on the Electrochemical high-performance storage 80 is transferred to the capacitor corresponds, in such a way to the voltage difference .DELTA.U, that after the discharge of the high-performance electrochemical storage 80 provided actual voltage corresponds to the desired voltage and the power density of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 remains constant.

With a reduction in the temperature of the high-performance electrochemical storage 80 the internal resistance of the same increases, so that the voltage at the output 81 of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 increase the power density of the high performance electrochemical storage 80 to keep constant. The control electronics 63 the system management unit 60 In such a case, the algorithm calculates a setpoint voltage that is higher than a previous value via the algorithm and outputs this to the power stage 55 in front of which the setpoint voltage is at the output 81 given actual voltage compares. If the comparison shows that the setpoint voltage is higher than the one at the output by a certain amount ΔU 81 from the high performance electrochemical storage 80 provided actual voltage, so causes the power level 55 a charge of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 or a discharge of the capacitor by an amount of charge ΔQ. The amount of charge ΔQ flowing from the capacitor to the high performance electrochemical storage 80 In this case corresponds to the voltage difference .DELTA.U that after charging, that of the high-performance electrochemical storage 80 provided actual voltage corresponds to the desired voltage and the power density of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 remains constant.

In this second embodiment, the system management unit 60 further adapted to be connected to the output 81 connected load 90 So the construction machine to measure declining voltage. For this purpose, the system management unit 60 via a fifth electrically conductive signal path 69 with an input of the load 90 connected. Furthermore, the system includes 100 in this second embodiment purely by way of example a power and control unit 50 , which is adapted to one of the high-performance electrochemical storage 80 to the exit 81 to change the electricity supplied. In other words, in this second exemplary embodiment, a power and control unit is located purely by way of example 50 in the electrically conductive connection 82 between the exit 81 and an input of the load 90 , More specifically, the power and control unit 50 adapted to that of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 to the exit 81 to change the supplied current so that it corresponds to an instantaneously required by the construction machine power.

In other words, in the in 3 shown system 100 Signals from the load 90 So the application and the electrochemical high performance memory 80 , ie the energy source, via the fifth electrically conductive signal path 69 to the system management unit 60 Posted. These signals output the instantaneous voltage and temperature readings from the system management unit 60 processed and evaluated using the algorithm. Then decide the system management unit 60 as well as the power level 55 over the height of the high-performance electrochemical storage 80 provided voltage and across the current from the high-performance electrochemical storage 80 to the load 90 So flows to the application. In this second embodiment, this current is optionally corresponding to that of the load 90 required power additionally by a power and control unit 50 customized. Corresponding matching signals for adaptation of the high-performance electrochemical storage 80 the load 90 provided electricity to those of the load 90 Power required will be provided by the system management unit 60 via an electrically conductive adjustment path 62 to the power and control unit 50 transmitted. It also sends the load 90 or the application of a control signal of their new voltage to control the electrically conductive adjustment path 62 to the system management 60 , There the new tension with that of the load 90 required voltage and in the event of a discrepancy between the required current and the power supplied to the power and control unit 50 corrected.

4 shows block diagrams of two different power levels 55 from various embodiments of systems according to the invention 100 , In the 4 Identical components correspond to those of 3 shown second embodiment, so that the previously described to these components - unless otherwise described below - also for the in 4 the same components have validity.

Left in 4 is the one in the 3 shown and previously described second embodiment of a system according to the invention 100 used power level 55 shown in detail. This includes a capacitor as already described 54 , which is the charging and discharging of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator 80 with the purpose of voltage adjustment. Right in 4 is an alternative embodiment of a power level 55 an embodiment of a system according to the invention 100 shown. According to this embodiment, the power level 55 an electrical resistance 56 on, with which the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 to a reduction of the voltage at the at least one output 81 electrically conductive is connectable. In other words, the high-performance electrochemical storage becomes 80 over the electrical resistance 56 partially discharged, so part of its energy ΔQ over the resistor 56 consumed as soon as the voltage at the output 81 must be lowered to a desired voltage. In this case, the consumed charge quantity ΔQ corresponds to the voltage difference ΔU between the actual and the target voltage at the output 81 in that after discharge, that of the high-performance electrochemical storage 80 provided actual voltage corresponds to the desired voltage and the power density of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 remains constant.

Furthermore, the system in this embodiment comprises a further energy source 57 , by means of which the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 to an increase in the voltage at the at least one output 81 can be charged to a desired charge level. So must the voltage at the output 81 due to a reduction in the temperature of the high performance electrochemical storage 80 is increased by a voltage amount .DELTA.U to a desired voltage, the high-performance electrochemical storage 80 by means of the further energy source 57 in this case, the charge quantity ΔQ transferred for charging corresponds to the voltage difference ΔU in such a way that, after charging, that of the high-performance electrochemical accumulator 80 provided actual voltage of the desired voltage corresponds. This further source of energy 57 can also be left in 4 be used.

In other words, due to an elevated temperature, the viscosity of the electrolyte of the high-performance electrochemical accumulator decreases 80 , which leads to an increase of its conductivity. This results in a reduced internal resistance of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 , which allows to reduce the voltage of the same with the same end performance. Accordingly, it behaves exactly opposite when the temperature drops. The voltage is therefore a function of the temperature which follows the formula relationship U (T) = x, where x ∈ IR. In order to be able to carry out these voltage window variations correctly, a system according to the present invention is provided 100 with a suitable system management unit 60 with a suitable control electronics 63 for use.

In this gives the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 Information about its instantaneous voltage and temperature in the form of a signal to the system management unit 60 further. In the system management unit 60 uses an algorithm to set the target voltage of the high performance electrochemical storage 80 determined as a function of the measured temperature. Then there is the system management unit 60 a desired value for the voltage or the desired voltage of the power stage 55 in front. The performance level 55 compares the instantaneous voltage of the high performance electrochemical storage 80 with the output voltage set to then apply the applied voltage to the high performance electrochemical storage 80 either increase or decrease. This process is based on a first alternative using a capacitor 54 and after a second alternative using a resistor 56 carried out.

Energy in the form of electricity is dissipated or consumed to the voltage of the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 to lower. After the first alternative, the capacitor stores 54 the current or the amount of charge corresponding to this, if necessary, when the voltage of the high-performance electrochemical storage 80 must be increased again, the amount of charge back to the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 to transfer back. After the second alternative, in which the resistance 56 is used by a second, further source of energy 57 Power back to the electrochemical high-performance storage 80 recycled. The resulting current may optionally once again by a power and control unit 50 be optimized. At best, the output current of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator 80 equal to the nominal current for the load 90 or for the application. Due to the recalculated nominal current of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator 80 can be the currently applied voltage of the load 90 or the application.

Claims (10)

System ( 100 ) for the operation of a load ( 90 ), comprising: a high performance electrochemical store ( 80 ), which has at least one output ( 81 ) for electrically conductive connection to a load ( 90 ) and at least one sensor ( 70 ), which is adapted to the temperature of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator ( 80 ) and / or the voltage at the at least one output ( 81 ) of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator ( 80 ) to eat, a system management unit ( 60 ), which is adapted to the voltage at the at least one output ( 81 ) of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator ( 80 ) in response to a change in the temperature of the high performance electrochemical store ( 80 ) such that a change in the value of the power density of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator ( 80 ) is counteracted. System ( 100 ) according to claim 1, wherein the system management unit ( 60 ) is adapted to the voltage at the at least one output ( 81 ) of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator ( 80 ) such that the power density of the high-performance electrochemical store ( 80 ) remains constant during the provision of the voltage. System ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the system management unit ( 60 ) with the at least one sensor ( 70 ) is connected and adapted to, from the means of the sensor ( 70 ) measured temperature and one at the at least one output ( 81 ) given voltage for the high-performance electrochemical storage ( 80 ) to investigate. System ( 100 ) according to claim 3, further comprising an electrically conductive with the high-performance electrochemical storage ( 80 ) associated performance level ( 55 ), the system management unit ( 60 ) is adapted to the power level ( 55 ) the desired voltage for the electrochemical high-performance storage ( 80 ) pretend. System ( 100 ) according to claim 4, wherein the power level ( 55 ) is adapted to the voltage at the at least one output ( 81 ) of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator ( 80 ) to be compared with a predetermined voltage given to it and, depending on the result of the comparison, the voltage at the at least one output ( 81 ) of the electrochemical high-performance accumulator ( 80 ) to maintain, increase or decrease. System ( 100 ) according to claim 5, wherein the power level ( 55 ) one with the high performance electrochemical storage ( 80 ) connected capacitor ( 54 ), which is arranged to reduce the voltage at the at least one output ( 81 ) from the high performance electrochemical store ( 80 ) and / or to increase the voltage at the at least one output ( 81 ) the high performance electrochemical storage ( 80 ) to load. System ( 100 ) according to claim 5, wherein the power level ( 55 ) an electrical resistance ( 56 ), with which the high-performance electrochemical storage ( 80 ) to a reduction of the voltage at the at least one output ( 81 ) is electrically conductive connectable. System ( 100 ) according to claim 7, further comprising a further energy source ( 57 ), by means of which the electrochemical high-performance accumulator ( 80 ) to an increase in the voltage at the at least one output ( 81 ) is chargeable to a desired charge level. System ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the system management unit ( 60 ) is further adapted to be connected to the at least one output ( 81 connected load ( 90 ) to measure falling voltage. System ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a power and control unit ( 50 ) adapted to receive one of the high performance electrochemical storage ( 80 ) to the at least one output ( 81 ) to change the electricity supplied.

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