DE102015104880A1 - power module - Google Patents
power module Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102015104880A1 DE102015104880A1 DE102015104880.9A DE102015104880A DE102015104880A1 DE 102015104880 A1 DE102015104880 A1 DE 102015104880A1 DE 102015104880 A DE102015104880 A DE 102015104880A DE 102015104880 A1 DE102015104880 A1 DE 102015104880A1
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- circuit layer
- layer
- power module
- components
- circuit
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L24/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
- H01L24/83—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/00014—Technical content checked by a classifier the subject-matter covered by the group, the symbol of which is combined with the symbol of this group, being disclosed without further technical details
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- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/181—Encapsulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/181—Encapsulation
- H01L2924/1811—Structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/181—Encapsulation
- H01L2924/186—Material
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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Abstract
Eine Vorrichtung, die ein Leistungsmodul und eine elektrische Maschine umfasst, wobei das Leistungsmodul eine Vielzahl von Komponenten umfasst, die an einer Schaltkreisschicht befestigt sind, und wobei das Leistungsmodul und die elektrische Maschine durch eine Laminierung der elektrischen Maschine, einer Isolationsschicht und der Schaltkreisschicht physisch miteinander verbunden sind (derart, dass das Leistungsmodul ein integraler Teil der elektrischen Maschine ist).A device comprising a power module and an electrical machine, wherein the power module comprises a plurality of components attached to a circuit layer, and wherein the power module and the electrical machine physically interconnect each other by laminating the electrical machine, an insulating layer, and the circuit layer are connected (such that the power module is an integral part of the electric machine).
Description
Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf Leistungsmodule. Insbesondere bezieht sich die Erfindung auf die Integration eines Leistungsmoduls in eine elektrische Maschine.The present invention relates to power modules. In particular, the invention relates to the integration of a power module in an electrical machine.
Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention
Elektrische Antriebe, wie man sie beispielsweise für den Betrieb eines elektrischen Servolenkungssystems in Motorfahrzeugen benötigt, sind häufig mit integrierten Leistungsausgabestufen und Steuergeräten ausgestattet. Die Leistungsausgabestufe kann ein Leistungsmodul umfassen, das in der Nähe eines Dreiphasenmotors in einem separaten Gehäuse angeordnet ist. Die Steuereinheit, das Leistungsmodul und der Motor sind oft miteinander mittels Kabelführungen oder Metallschienen verbunden. Diese Lösung hat den Nachteil erhöhter Aufwendungen für Gehäuseteile, Verkabelung und Abschirmungsanforderungen. Dies führt zu beträchtlichen Anforderungen hinsichtlich des Installationsraums und auch zu zusätzlichem Gewicht und hohen Produktionskosten auf Systemniveau.Electric drives, such as those required for operation of an electric power steering system in motor vehicles, are often equipped with integrated power output stages and controllers. The power output stage may include a power module disposed in the vicinity of a three-phase motor in a separate housing. The control unit, the power module and the motor are often connected to each other by means of cable guides or metal rails. This solution has the disadvantage of increased expenditures for housing parts, cabling and shielding requirements. This leads to considerable requirements in terms of installation space and also to additional weight and high system-level production costs.
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat das Ziel, mindestens einige der oben angesprochenen Aufgaben anzugehen.The present invention aims to address at least some of the above-mentioned objects.
Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt eine Vorrichtung (wie beispielsweise ein Motorantriebssystem) bereit, die ein Leistungsmodul und eine elektrische Maschine (wie beispielsweise einen Motor, typischerweise einen Dreiphasenmotor) umfasst, wobei das Leistungsmodul eine Vielzahl von Komponenten umfasst, die an einer Schaltkreisschicht befestigt sind und wobei das Leistungsmodul und die elektrische Maschine durch eine Laminierung der (/des Gehäuses der) elektrischen Maschine (beispielsweise des Gehäuses oder der Lagerplatte der elektrischen Maschine), einer Isolationsschicht und der Schaltkreisschicht physisch miteinander verbunden sind (derart, dass das Leistungsmodul ein integraler Bestandteil der elektrischen Maschine ist).The present invention provides an apparatus (such as a motor drive system) that includes a power module and an electrical machine (such as a motor, typically a three-phase motor), wherein the power module includes a plurality of components attached to a circuit layer, and wherein the power module and the electric machine are physically interconnected by lamination of the electrical machine's housing (eg, the housing or bearing plate of the electric machine), an insulating layer, and the circuit layer (such that the power module is an integral part of the electrical system) Machine is).
Die Isolationsschicht isoliert typischerweise das Leistungsmodul und die Schaltkreisschicht elektrisch von der elektrischen Maschine.The insulating layer typically electrically isolates the power module and the circuit layer from the electrical machine.
Die Schaltkreisschicht kann ein Leiterrahmen sein.The circuit layer may be a lead frame.
Die Vielzahl von Komponenten kann eine Vielzahl von Halbleitern enthalten. Die Vielzahl von Komponenten (, die z. B. Halbleiter enthält) kann an der Schaltkreisschicht mittels Sintern befestigt sein (Löten ist eine Alternative). In einer Ausführungsform sind Halbleiter (und/oder andere Komponenten) an einen Leiterrahmen gesintert, wobei der Leiterrahmen mit der Isolationsschicht verbunden ist und der Leiterrahmen und die Isolationsschicht an die Oberfläche eines Motors (oder einer anderen elektrischen Maschine) laminiert sind, der durch das Leistungsmodul angetrieben ist.The plurality of components may include a plurality of semiconductors. The plurality of components (including, for example, semiconductors) may be attached to the circuit layer by sintering (soldering is an alternative). In one embodiment, semiconductors (and / or other components) are sintered to a leadframe with the leadframe connected to the insulation layer and the leadframe and insulation layer laminated to the surface of a motor (or other electrical machine) passing through the power module is driven.
Die Isolationsschicht kann ein Epoxid-Harz sein, das mit thermisch leitfähigen Füllstoffen gefüllt ist. Auf diese Weise kann die Isolationsschicht elektrisch isolierend sein, aber mit den thermisch leitfähigen Füllstoffen ein Maß an thermischer Leitfähigkeit bereitstellen. Während des Laminierungsverfahrens werden typischerweise Wärme und/oder Druck auf das Epoxid-Harz ausgeübt.The insulating layer may be an epoxy resin filled with thermally conductive fillers. In this way, the insulating layer may be electrically insulating, but provide a measure of thermal conductivity with the thermally conductive fillers. During the lamination process, heat and / or pressure is typically applied to the epoxy resin.
Die Schaltkreisschicht kann eine Kupferschicht sein. Das Kupfer kann „gestanzt” sein, um die Schaltkreisgestalt (beispielsweise den Leiterrahmen) bereitzustellen. Alternativen sind möglich (wie beispielsweise Ätzen oder Schneiden der Kupferschicht).The circuit layer may be a copper layer. The copper may be "stamped" to provide the circuit shape (eg, the leadframe). Alternatives are possible (such as etching or cutting the copper layer).
Die Vorrichtung kann ferner eine Verkapselungsschicht umfassen, die auf der Schaltkreisschicht und der Vielzahl von Komponenten aufgebracht ist. Die Verkapselungsschicht kann durch Ausbringen eines Harzes innerhalb vorgegebener Grenzen gebildet sein. Die Grenzen können durch zusätzliche Harzwände (die beispielsweise eine so genannte „dam and fill”-Verkapselung bereitstellen), vorgegeben sein. Es gibt Alternativen, wie beispielsweise das Bereitstellen eines preisgünstigen Plastikrahmens, um die Grenzen vorzugeben, oder durch Verwenden der elektrischen Maschine selbst, um die Grenzen vorzugeben (beispielsweise durch Hochbauen eines Teils der elektrischen Maschine, oder durch Ätzen oder Einarbeiten einer Ausnehmung in die elektrische Maschine).The device may further include an encapsulation layer deposited on the circuit layer and the plurality of components. The encapsulation layer may be formed by dispensing a resin within predetermined limits. The boundaries may be dictated by additional resin walls (for example, providing a so-called "dam and fill" encapsulant). There are alternatives, such as providing an inexpensive plastic frame to set the limits, or by using the electric machine itself to set the limits (for example, by building up a part of the electric machine, or by etching or incorporating a recess in the electric machine ).
Die Komponenten können einen oder mehrere Anschlüsse aufweisen, die senkrecht zur Schaltkreisschicht eingerichtet sind. In einem verkapselten System können sich die Anschlüsse über die Verkapselung hinaus erstrecken und das Herstellen von Verbindungen mit dem verkapselten Schaltkreis ermöglichen. Eine Vielzahl von Anschlüssen kann bereitgestellt sein. Die Anschlüsse können als eine Anordnung von Anschlüssen angeordnet sein, die eine Buchse mit vielen Anschlüssen bildet.The components may include one or more terminals configured perpendicular to the circuit layer. In an encapsulated system, the terminals may extend beyond the encapsulant and allow connections to the encapsulated circuit. A plurality of terminals may be provided. The terminals may be arranged as an array of terminals forming a multi-terminal jack.
Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt auch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines integrierten Leistungsmoduls, das ein Leistungsmodul und eine elektrische Maschine (wie beispielweise einen Motor) umfasst, bereit, wobei das Leistungsmodul eine Vielzahl von Komponenten (wie Halbleiter) umfasst, die an einer Schaltkreisschicht befestigt sind, wobei das Verfahren ein Laminieren der elektrischen Maschine (beispielsweise des Gehäuses oder der Lagerplatte der elektrischen Maschine), einer Isolationsschicht (wie beispielsweise eines Epoxid-Harzes, das mit thermisch leitfähigen Füllstoffen gefüllt ist) und der Schaltkreisschicht umfasst. Auf diese Weise kann das Leistungsmodul ein integraler Bestandteil der elektrischen Maschine werden.The present invention also provides a method of manufacturing an integrated power module including a power module and an electric machine (such as a motor), wherein the power module comprises a plurality of components (such as semiconductors) attached to a circuit layer, the method comprising laminating the electric machine (for example, the housing or the bearing plate of the electric machine), an insulating layer (such as an epoxy resin, which is filled with thermally conductive fillers) and the circuit layer. In this way, the power module can become an integral part of the electric machine.
Das Befestigen der Vielzahl von Komponenten an der Schaltkreisschicht kann ein Sintern mindestens einiger der Vielzahl von Komponenten an die Schaltkreisschicht enthalten.Attaching the plurality of components to the circuit layer may include sintering at least some of the plurality of components to the circuit layer.
Das Verfahren kann ferner ein Aufbringen einer Verkapselungsschicht auf die Schaltkreisschicht und die Vielzahl von Komponenten umfassen. Die Verkapselungsschicht kann beispielsweise durch Ausbringen eines Harzes innerhalb vorgegebener Grenzen gebildet werden. Die Grenzen können durch zusätzliche Harzwände (die beispielsweise eine so genannte „dam and fill”-Verkapselung bereitstellen) vorgegeben sein. Es gibt Alternativen, wie das Bereitstellen eines preisgünstigen Plastikrahmens, um die Grenzen vorzugeben oder durch Verwenden der elektrischen Maschine selbst, um die Grenzen vorzugeben (beispielsweise durch Hochbauen eines Teils der elektrischen Maschine, oder durch Ätzen oder Einarbeiten einer Ausnehmung in die elektrische Maschine).The method may further include applying an encapsulation layer to the circuit layer and the plurality of components. The encapsulation layer can be formed, for example, by applying a resin within predetermined limits. The boundaries may be dictated by additional resin walls (providing, for example, a so-called "dam and fill" encapsulation). There are alternatives, such as providing an inexpensive plastic frame to set the limits, or by using the electric machine itself to set the limits (for example, by building up a part of the electric machine, or by etching or incorporating a recess in the electric machine).
Das Verfahren kann ferner das Bereitstellen eines oder mehrerer Anschlüsse umfassen, die senkrecht zur Schaltkreisschicht eingerichtet sind. In einem verkapselten System können sich die Anschlüsse über die Verkapselung hinaus erstrecken und das Herstellen von Verbindungen mit dem verkapselten Schaltkreis ermöglichen. Eine Vielzahl von Anschlüssen kann bereitgestellt werden (beispielsweise, um eine Buchse mit mehreren Anschlüssen bereitzustellen).The method may further include providing one or more terminals configured perpendicular to the circuit layer. In an encapsulated system, the terminals may extend beyond the encapsulant and allow connections to the encapsulated circuit. A plurality of ports may be provided (for example, to provide a multi-ported jack).
Kurzbeschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden detaillierter unter Bezugnahme auf die folgenden schematischen Zeichnungen beschrieben, in denen:The invention will be described in greater detail below with reference to the following schematic drawings, in which:
Detaillierte Beschreibung der ErfindungDetailed description of the invention
In diese Lagerplatte
Die Schaltkreisschicht
Die Isolationsschicht
In der Ausführungsform, die in den
Eine Alternative zur Verwendung von Sintern ist Löten. Allerdings können solche Verlötungen einen hohen Bleigehalt aufweisen müssen, wenn hohe Betriebstemperaturen erwartet werden. Die Umweltbelastungen, die aus der Verwendung solcher bleihaltigen Materialien erwachsen, machen sie ökologisch nachteilhaft. Sintermaterialien enthalten kein Blei und helfen deshalb dabei, moderne Umweltstandards einzuhalten.An alternative to using sintering is soldering. However, such solderings may have to have a high lead content when high operating temperatures are expected. The environmental burdens that arise from the use of such lead-containing materials make them ecologically disadvantageous. Sintered materials contain no lead and therefore help to meet modern environmental standards.
Es ist oftmals notwendig, einen Schaltkreis, der aus Komponenten
Die Komponente
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform kann die Wandstruktur
In weiteren alternativen Ausführungsformen kann die Wandstruktur
„Dam and fill”-Verkapselungen sind insbesondere für Komponenten innerhalb eines Fahrzeugs geeignet, da verfügbare Leistungszuführungsspannungen (um 12 V bis 48 V) die Maximalspannungen, die innerhalb Fahrzeugleistungsmodulen vorgefunden werden, begrenzen. Die Erfordernisse (in Hinsicht von beispielsweise der Isolierung), die an ein Verkapselungsmaterial erfüllen muss, sind daher niedriger als für Leistungsmodule, die auf der Hauptspannung arbeiten und diese werden auf einfache Weise durch die Verkapselungsmaterialien erfüllt, die typischerweise in „dam and fill”-Anwendungen verwendet werden."Dam and fill" packages are particularly suitable for components within a vehicle because available power supply voltages (around 12V to 48V) limit the maximum voltages found within vehicle power modules. The requirements (in terms of, for example, insulation) that must be met by an encapsulating material are therefore lower than power modules that operate on the main voltage, and these are easily met by the encapsulation materials typically used in dam and fill applications.
Alternativ könnten in Ausführungsformen Befestigungsmittel (wie Löten) verwendet werden, allerdings hat, wie oben angegeben, Sintern den Vorteil des Bildens einer zuverlässigen, wärmewiderstehenden Befestigung ohne die Verwendung eines Lötmittels mit hohem Bleigehalt.Alternatively, in embodiments, attachment means (such as soldering) could be used but, as noted above, sintering has the advantage of providing reliable, heat-resistant attachment without the use of a high lead content solder.
Ein Merkmal des Anschlusses
Der Anschluss
Ein anderes Merkmal des Anschlusses
In einem ersten Schritt des Verfahrens
In einem optionalen zweiten Schritt des Verfahrens
Die Ausführungsformen der oben beschriebenen Erfindung sind nur beispielhaft. Der Durchschnittsfachmann wird sich vieler Modifikationen, Veränderungen und Austauschmittel bewusst sein, die angewendet werden können, ohne den Schutzbereich der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen. Die Patentansprüche der vorliegenden Erfindung sollen all diese Modifikationen, Veränderungen und Austauschmittel, die in den Geist und den Schutzbereich der Erfindung fallen, abdecken.The embodiments of the invention described above are exemplary only. One of ordinary skill in the art will be aware of many modifications, changes and substitutions that may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The claims of the present invention are intended to cover all such modifications, changes, and substitutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (2)
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DE102015104880.9A DE102015104880A1 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2015-03-30 | power module |
PCT/EP2016/055420 WO2016156022A1 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2016-03-14 | Apparatus comprising a power module attached through an isolation layer to an electric machine and corresponding manufacturing method |
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DE102015104880.9A DE102015104880A1 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2015-03-30 | power module |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04295254A (en) * | 1991-03-22 | 1992-10-20 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Motor |
JP2004312852A (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-11-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Rotary electric machine for vehicle |
US20050253457A1 (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2005-11-17 | Jean-Marie Pierret | Control and power module for integreated alternator-starter |
DE102011003189A1 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-07-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Generator for converting mechanical energy into electrical power in motor car, has electrical interconnect component comprising phase-connection, which is arranged on housing element side and cooled by air-flow produced by generator |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2463916B (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2012-01-18 | Visteon Global Tech Inc | Electronic machine with power electronics |
US9123693B2 (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2015-09-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Mold module utilized as power unit of electric power steering apparatus and electric power steering apparatus |
-
2015
- 2015-03-30 DE DE102015104880.9A patent/DE102015104880A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2016
- 2016-03-14 WO PCT/EP2016/055420 patent/WO2016156022A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04295254A (en) * | 1991-03-22 | 1992-10-20 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Motor |
US20050253457A1 (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2005-11-17 | Jean-Marie Pierret | Control and power module for integreated alternator-starter |
JP2004312852A (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-11-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Rotary electric machine for vehicle |
DE102011003189A1 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-07-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Generator for converting mechanical energy into electrical power in motor car, has electrical interconnect component comprising phase-connection, which is arranged on housing element side and cooled by air-flow produced by generator |
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