DE102010041036A1 - System for charging an energy store and method for operating a charging system - Google Patents
System for charging an energy store and method for operating a charging system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1469—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field
- H02J7/1492—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field by means of controlling devices between the generator output and the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/14—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation with three or more levels of voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines steuerbaren Energiespeichers (2), welcher der Steuerung und der elektrischen Energieversorgung einer n-phasigen elektrischen Maschine (1), mit n ≥ 1, dient. Dabei weist der steuerbare Energiespeicher (2) n parallele Energieversorgungszweige (3-1, 3-2, 3-3) aufweist, welche jeweils mindestens zwei in Reihe geschaltete Energiespeichermodule (4) aufweisen, welche jeweils mindestens eine elektrische Energiespeicherzelle (5) mit einer zugeordneten steuerbaren Koppeleinheit (6) umfassen, einerseits mit einer Bezugsschiene (T–) und andererseits mit jeweils einer Phase (U, V, W) der elektrischen Maschine (1) verbunden sind. In Abhängigkeit von Steuersignalen überbrücken die Koppeleinheiten (6) die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen (5) oder sie schalten die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen (5) in den jeweiligen Energieversorgungszweig (3-1, 3-2; 3-3). Für alle Energiespeichermodule (4) wird eine, einen aktuellen Ladezustand der jeweiligen Energiespeicherzellen (5) charakterisierende Größe ermittelt und die Koppeleinheiten (6) werden in Abhängigkeit von einer vorgegebenen Soll-Ausgangsspannung für den jeweiligen Energieversorgungszweig (3-1; 3-2; 3-3) und von dem jeweils aktuellen Ladezustand der Energiespeicherzellen (5) gesteuert.The invention relates to a method for operating a controllable energy store (2), which is used to control and supply electrical energy to an n-phase electrical machine (1) with n ≥ 1. The controllable energy store (2) has n parallel energy supply branches (3-1, 3-2, 3-3), each of which has at least two energy storage modules (4) connected in series, each of which has at least one electrical energy storage cell (5) with one assigned controllable coupling unit (6), are connected on the one hand to a reference rail (T–) and on the other hand to a respective phase (U, V, W) of the electrical machine (1). Depending on control signals, the coupling units (6) bridge the respectively assigned energy storage cells (5) or they switch the respectively assigned energy storage cells (5) into the respective energy supply branch (3-1, 3-2; 3-3). For all energy storage modules (4), a variable characterizing a current state of charge of the respective energy storage cells (5) is determined, and the coupling units (6) are determined as a function of a predetermined target output voltage for the respective energy supply branch (3-1; 3-2; 3 -3) and controlled by the current state of charge of the energy storage cells (5).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein System zum Laden eines Energiespeichers und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb des Ladesystems.The invention relates to a system for charging an energy store and a method for operating the charging system.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Es zeichnet sich ab, dass in Zukunft sowohl bei stationären Anwendungen, wie z. B. Windkraftanlagen, wie auch in Fahrzeugen, wie Hybrid- oder Elektrofahrzeugen, vermehrt elektronische Systeme zum Einsatz kommen, die neue Energiespeichertechnologien mit elektrischer Antriebstechnik kombinieren. In herkömmlichen Anwendungen wird eine elektrische Maschine, welche z. B. als Drehfeldmaschine ausgeführt ist, über einen Umrichter in Form eines Wechselrichters gesteuert. Kennzeichnend für derartige Systeme ist ein sogenannter Gleichspannungszwischenkreis, über welchen ein Energiespeicher, in der Regel eine Batterie, an die Gleichspannungsseite des Wechselrichters angeschlossen ist. Um die für eine jeweilige Anwendung gegebenen Anforderungen an Leistung und Energie erfüllen zu können, werden mehrere Batteriezellen in Serie geschaltet. Da der von einem derartigen Energiespeicher bereitgestellte Strom durch alle Batteriezellen fließen muss und eine Batteriezelle nur einen begrenzten Strom leiten kann, werden oft zusätzlich Batteriezellen parallel geschaltet, um den maximalen Strom zu erhöhen.It is becoming apparent that in the future, both in stationary applications, such. As wind turbines, as well as in vehicles such as hybrid or electric vehicles, increasingly electronic systems are used, combining new energy storage technologies with electric drive technology. In conventional applications, an electrical machine, which z. B. is designed as a rotating field machine, controlled by a converter in the form of an inverter. Characteristic of such systems is a so-called DC voltage intermediate circuit, via which an energy store, usually a battery, is connected to the DC side of the inverter. In order to meet the power and energy requirements of each application, multiple battery cells are connected in series. Since the power provided by such an energy store must flow through all the battery cells and a battery cell can only conduct a limited current, battery cells are often additionally connected in parallel in order to increase the maximum current.
Die Serienschaltung mehrerer Batteriezellen bringt neben einer hohen Gesamtspannung das Problem mit sich, dass der gesamte Energiespeicher ausfällt, wenn eine einzige Batteriezelle ausfällt, weil dann kein Batteriestrom mehr fließen kann. Ein solcher Ausfall des Energiespeichers kann zu einem Ausfall des Gesamtsystems führen. Bei einem Fahrzeug kann ein Ausfall der Antriebsbatterie zum ”Liegenbleiben” des Fahrzeugs führen. Bei anderen Anwendungen, wie z. B. der Rotorblattverstellung von Windkraftanlagen, kann es bei ungünstigen Rahmenbedingungen, wie z. B. starkem Wind, sogar zu sicherheitsgefährdenden Situationen kommen. Daher ist stets eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit des Energiespeichers anzustreben, wobei mit ”Zuverlässigkeit” die Fähigkeit eines Systems bezeichnet wird, für eine vorgegebene Zeit fehlerfrei zu arbeiten.The series connection of several battery cells in addition to a high total voltage involves the problem that the entire energy storage fails if a single battery cell fails, because then no battery power can flow. Such a failure of the energy storage can lead to a failure of the entire system. In a vehicle, failure of the traction battery can result in the vehicle "stalling". For other applications, such as. B. the rotor blade adjustment of wind turbines, it may be in unfavorable conditions such. B. strong wind, even come to safety-threatening situations. Therefore, a high reliability of the energy storage is always desirable, with "reliability" is the ability of a system to work for a given time error-free.
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Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung schafft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines steuerbaren Energiespeichers, welcher der Steuerung und der elektrischen Energieversorgung einer n-phasigen elektrischen Maschine, mit n ≥ 1, dient. Dabei weist der steuerbare Energiespeicher n parallele Energieversorgungszweige auf, welche jeweils mindestens zwei in Reihe geschaltete Energiespeichermodule aufweisen, welche jeweils mindestens eine elektrische Energiespeicherzelle mit einer zugeordneten steuerbaren Koppeleinheit umfassen. In Abhängigkeit von Steuersignalen überbrücken die Koppeleinheiten entweder die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen oder sie schalten die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen in den Energieversorgungszweig. Für alle Energiespeichermodule wird eine, einen aktuellen Ladezustand der jeweiligen Energiespeicherzellen charakterisierende Größe ermittelt und die Koppeleinheiten werden in Abhängigkeit von einer vorgegebenen Soll-Ausgangsspannung für den jeweiligen Energieversorgungszweig und von dem jeweils aktuellen Ladezustand der Energiespeicherzellen gesteuert.The present invention provides a method for operating a controllable energy store, which serves the control and the electrical power supply of an n-phase electric machine, with n ≥ 1. In this case, the controllable energy storage on n parallel power supply branches, each having at least two series-connected energy storage modules, each comprising at least one electrical energy storage cell with an associated controllable coupling unit. In response to control signals, the coupling units either bridge the respectively assigned energy storage cells or they switch the respectively assigned energy storage cells into the energy supply branch. For all energy storage modules one, a current state of charge of the respective energy storage cell characterizing size is determined and the coupling units are controlled in response to a predetermined target output voltage for the respective power supply branch and the respective current state of charge of the energy storage cells.
Die vorliegende Erfindung schafft auch ein System zur Steuerung und zur elektrischen Energieversorgung einer n-phasigen elektrischen Maschine, mit n ≥ 1. Das System umfasst dabei einen steuerbaren Energiespeicher, welcher n parallele Energieversorgungszweige aufweist, welche jeweils mindestens zwei in Reihe geschaltete Energiespeichermodule aufweist, welche jeweils mindestens eine elektrische Energiespeicherzelle mit einer zugeordneten steuerbaren Koppeleinheit umfassen. Die Energieversorgungszweige sind einerseits mit einer Bezugsschiene und andererseits mit jeweils einer Phase der elektrischen Maschine verbindbar. In Abhängigkeit von Steuersignalen überbrücken die Koppeleinheiten entweder die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen oder sie schalten die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen in den Energieversorgungszweig. Das System weist außerdem Ladezustandsüberwachungseinheiten auf, welche für alle Energiespeichermodule eine, einen aktuellen Ladezustand der jeweiligen Energiespeicherzellen charakterisierende Größe ermitteln. Ein Steuergerät steuert dann die Koppeleinheiten in Abhängigkeit von einer vorgegebenen Soll-Ausgangsspannung für den jeweiligen Energieversorgungszweig und von dem jeweils aktuellen Ladezustand der Energiespeicherzellen.The present invention also provides a system for controlling and supplying electrical energy to an n-phase electric machine, where n ≥ 1. The system comprises a controllable energy store, which has n parallel power supply branches, each having at least two series-connected energy storage modules, which each comprise at least one electrical energy storage cell with an associated controllable coupling unit. The power supply branches are on the one hand connected to a reference rail and on the other hand, each with a phase of the electric machine. In response to control signals, the coupling units either bridge the respectively assigned energy storage cells or they switch the respectively assigned energy storage cells into the energy supply branch. The system also has state of charge monitoring units which are common to all Energy storage modules determine a, a current state of charge of the respective energy storage cell characterizing size. A control unit then controls the coupling units as a function of a predetermined desired output voltage for the respective power supply branch and of the respectively current state of charge of the energy storage cells.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Steuert man eine elektrische Maschine mit einem derartigen steuerbaren Energiespeicher an, so kann durch Überbrücken und Zuschalten der einzelnen Energiespeicherzellen eine annähernd sinusförmige Ausgangsspannung nachgebildet werden. Werden jedoch keine weiteren Vorsorgemaßnahmen getroffen, so werden die einzelnen Energiespeichermodule und damit auch die Energiespeicherzellen nicht mit gleicher Häufigkeit genutzt und damit ungleichmäßig belastet. Dies führt aber zu der in der Regel unerwünschten Situation unterschiedlicher Ladezustände in den einzelnen Energiespeichermodulen.If an electrical machine with such a controllable energy store is controlled, an approximately sinusoidal output voltage can be reproduced by bypassing and connecting the individual energy storage cells. However, if no further precautionary measures are taken, the individual energy storage modules and thus also the energy storage cells are not used with the same frequency and thus burdened unevenly. However, this leads to the generally undesirable situation of different states of charge in the individual energy storage modules.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und das erfindungsgemäße System ermöglichen es, bei der Steuerung der Koppeleinheiten auf den aktuellen Ladezustand der Energiespeicherzellen Rücksicht zu nehmen und wann immer möglich, einem Auseinanderlaufen der Ladezustände der einzelnen Energiespeicherzellen entgegen zu wirken. Es wird damit die Möglichkeit einer gleichmäßigen Lastverteilung – häufig auch als Balancing bezeichnet – ohne jeglichen zusätzlichen Energie- oder Schaltungsaufwand geschaffen.The inventive method and the inventive system make it possible to take into account in the control of the coupling units on the current state of charge of the energy storage cells and, whenever possible, to counteract a divergence of the charge states of the individual energy storage cells. It is thus the possibility of a uniform load distribution - often referred to as balancing - created without any additional energy or circuit complexity.
Eine gleichmäßige Belastung der Energiespeichermodule bzw. Energiespeicherzellen kann beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass zur Ausgabe von Spannungen unterhalb einer maximalen Ausgangsspannung eines Energieversorgungszweiges die an der Bereitstellung der Spannung beteiligten Energiespeichermodule bzw. Energiespeicherzellen gewechselt werden.A uniform loading of the energy storage modules or energy storage cells can be achieved, for example, by the fact that, for the output of voltages below a maximum output voltage of a power supply branch, the energy storage modules or energy storage cells involved in the provision of the voltage are exchanged.
Demgemäß sieht eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung vor, dass die Koppeleinheiten eines Energieversorgungszweiges in Abhängigkeit von dem jeweils aktuellen Ladezustand der Energiespeicherzellen in dem entsprechenden Energieversorgungszweig gesteuert werden, wenn eine aktuell vorgegebene Soll-Ausgangsspannung des Energieversorgungszweiges durch k Energiespeicherzellen, mit k < m, in dem Energieversorgungszweig bereit gestellt werden kann.Accordingly, an embodiment of the invention provides that the coupling units of a power supply branch depending on the respective current state of charge of the energy storage cells are controlled in the corresponding power supply branch when a currently predetermined target output voltage of the power supply branch through k energy storage cells, with k <m, in the power supply branch can be provided.
So können z. B. für den Fall, dass durch den Energieversorgungszweig Strom abgegeben wird, diejenigen k Energiespeicherzellen durch entsprechende Steuerung der zugeordneten Koppeleinheiten in den Energieversorgungszweig geschaltet werden, welche aktuelle die größte Ladung aufweisen. Umgekehrt können für den Fall, dass von dem Energieversorgungszweig Strom aufgenommen wird, diejenigen k Energiespeicherzellen durch entsprechende Steuerung der zugeordneten Koppeleinheiten in den Energieversorgungszweig geschaltet werden, welche aktuelle die geringste Ladung aufweisen.So z. B. in the event that power is supplied by the power supply branch, those k energy storage cells are switched by appropriate control of the associated coupling units in the power supply branch, which currently have the largest charge. Conversely, for the case that is taken up by the power supply branch current, those k energy storage cells are switched by appropriate control of the associated coupling units in the power supply branch, which currently have the lowest charge.
Auf diese Weise werden zunächst immer diejenigen Energiespeicherzellen entladen, welche aktuell die größte Ladung aufweisen und diejenigen Energiespeicherzellen geladen, welche aktuell die niedrigste Ladung aufweisen. Der Ladezustand aller Energiespeicherzellen gleicht sich damit automatisch an. Es können auch Energiespeichermodule mit leicht unterschiedlicher Speicherkapazität in einem Energieversorgungszweig verwendet werden, ohne dass die Kapazitäts-Ausnutzung der lesitungsfähigeren Energiespeichermodule beeinträchtigt wird. Das heißt das Energiespeichermodul mit der geringsten Speicherkapazität bestimmt nicht mehr die Leistung des gesamten Energieversorgungszweiges. Darüber hinaus werden defekte Energiespeichermodule für die Bereitstellung einer Ausgangsspannung automatisch nicht mehr verwendet und schränken damit die Grundfunktionalität des steuerbaren Energiespeichers nicht ein.In this way, first those energy storage cells are always discharged, which currently have the largest charge and those energy storage cells loaded, which currently have the lowest charge. The state of charge of all energy storage cells is thus equalized automatically. It is also possible to use energy storage modules with slightly different storage capacities in a power supply branch without impairing the capacity utilization of the energy storage modules that can be read. That is, the energy storage module with the least storage capacity no longer determines the performance of the entire power supply branch. In addition, defective energy storage modules for the provision of an output voltage are automatically no longer used and thus do not limit the basic functionality of the controllable energy storage.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile von Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung mit Bezug auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen.Further features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Es zeigen:Show it:
Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention
An eine dreiphasige elektrische Maschine
Die Koppeleinheiten
Alternativ können die Energiespeicherzellen
Die Koppeleinheiten
Die elektrische Maschine
Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel weist jedes Energiespeichermodul
Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel werden die Koppeleinheiten
Mit Hilfe der Koppeleinheiten
Speist ein Energieversorgungszweig
Um eine gleichmäßige Belastung aller Energiespeichermodule
Wird nun durch einen Energieversorgungszweig
Im umgekehrten Fall, wenn also Strom von der elektrischen Maschine
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 102010027857 [0004] DE 102010027857 [0004]
- DE 102010027861 [0004] DE 102010027861 [0004]
Claims (6)
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DE102010041036A DE102010041036A1 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2010-09-20 | System for charging an energy store and method for operating a charging system |
PCT/EP2011/064606 WO2012038182A2 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2011-08-25 | System for charging an energy store, and method for operating the charging system |
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DE102010041036A DE102010041036A1 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2010-09-20 | System for charging an energy store and method for operating a charging system |
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WO2021094010A1 (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-20 | Sem Ab | Battery assembly with controllable voltage and method related thereto |
US11682914B2 (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2023-06-20 | Dyson Technology Limited | Battery system |
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DE102011002548B4 (en) | 2011-01-12 | 2024-03-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for controlling a battery and battery for carrying out the method |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102010027857A1 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2011-10-20 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Coupling unit and battery module with integrated pulse inverter and increased reliability |
DE102010027861A1 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2011-10-20 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Coupling unit and battery module with integrated pulse inverter and exchangeable cell modules |
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JP3741171B2 (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 2006-02-01 | 株式会社安川電機 | Multiple pulse width modulation power converter |
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2010
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2011
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102010027857A1 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2011-10-20 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Coupling unit and battery module with integrated pulse inverter and increased reliability |
DE102010027861A1 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2011-10-20 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Coupling unit and battery module with integrated pulse inverter and exchangeable cell modules |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11682914B2 (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2023-06-20 | Dyson Technology Limited | Battery system |
WO2021094010A1 (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-20 | Sem Ab | Battery assembly with controllable voltage and method related thereto |
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WO2012038182A3 (en) | 2012-10-26 |
WO2012038182A2 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
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