DE102010037695A1 - Method for deceleration of wind energy plant, involves performing actuation of holding brake by servo motor so as to hold position of rotor blade during emergency - Google Patents

Abstract

A holding brake (10) is arranged to hold the position of a rotor blade (29) during emergency. The actuation of holding brake is performed by a servo motor (13). The servo motor is connected with a flange plate (12) by a connection unit (24). The housing of the holding brake is adjustable using a lifting magnet (14). An independent claim is included for device for deceleration of wind energy plant.

Description

The present invention relates to a wind energy plant with a rotor hub and at least one rotor blade connected to a rotary bearing. By means of at least one electric, pneumatic and / or hydraulic actuator, each rotor blade can be rotated about its longitudinal axis, and be held in a defined position by means of a brake, wherein the brake is in communication with the actuator. Connected to the actuator is a gear that rotates on a pivot bearing. The pivot bearing consists of an inner and outer ring, one ring is bolted to the hub and the other receives the rotor blade. By turning the ring on which the blade is mounted, the rotor blade can be rotated about its longitudinal axis. This ring may be the outer ring or the inner ring.

To limit the power by adjusting the rotor blades, a distinction has to be made between pitch control and the method of active stall control, in which the rotor blades are turned in the opposite direction in order to regulate the energy absorbed by the system by means of a stall. In order to limit the wind-acting power in an emergency or to interrupt power generation, the rotor blade is rotated in the lobe position, or in the position in which only small wind energy can be absorbed by the rotor due to stall. So that each rotor blade can ensure a self-sufficient rotation about its longitudinal axis of rotation even in the event of a power failure, each drive has one or more independent energy stores which open one or more blade holding brakes in case of emergency and one or more rotor blade drives (actuators) on each rotor blade with energy supply.

The rotor blade adjustment of a wind turbine is used for speed control (power control) of the system in the rated power range and also as an aerodynamic braking system. Each rotor blade has one or more actuators for this purpose. The pitch system rotates to an angular position between the platen position and the working position, and in the system with the principle of active barn in the opposite direction.

In the case of a fault, it is advantageous if possible to turn all rotor blades into the position with very low power consumption. This ensures that only a small drive torque is generated by the wind on the rotor of the wind turbine, and the risk of imbalance and damage to system components is avoided.

One variant of existing systems for rotor blade adjustment comprises for each rotor blade one or more electrotechnical drive modules with one or more connected servomotors and which are designed to hold the position with one or more holding brakes. This allows the rotor blades to be individually positioned. However, the holding brakes are designed so that a shutdown of the control of the brakes blocked the shaft of the actuator, and so there is a risk that the blade adjustment can not be performed. A division of the brakes into smaller units, which are then rotated by a highly oversized engine against the friction of a brake pad, has increased costs and is interpreted as unsafe due to strong tolerances of the holding brakes. In particular, even in the event that an actuator delivers no torque, the corresponding rotor blade remains in maximum working position. In a system that operates with normally open brakes has the disadvantage that they can not hold the rotor blade against rotation in the event that the control of the brake coils is not possible.

A malfunction of the rotor blade adjustment drive can thus lead to an extremely critical situation for the entire wind turbine. In particular, exceeding the permissible rotor speed can cause extreme danger to persons or a considerable or total system damage.

In the DE 101 06 208 A1 is a wind turbine with at least one individually adjustable rotor blade, with a device for detecting the wind direction and a device for detecting the azimuth position and a control of the rotor blade adjustment in dependence on a deviation between the determined wind direction and the detected azimuth position. The controller makes a suitable adjustment of the angle of attack of the rotor blades.

Furthermore, in the DE 101 16 011 A1 an adjusting device for rotor blades of wind turbines described which have more than one drive per rotor blade.

In the DE 197 39 162 A1 the Windrichtungsnachführung or rotation of the nacelle of a wind turbine is effected by a single and independently caused adjustment of the rotor blades. For this purpose, the rotor blades are adjusted cyclically depending on the control deviation.

In the DE 198 21 268 C2 an active rotor blade adjustment by swirl vector control or swirl vector control is described. in this connection If the rotor blade is made of elastic material or of blade parts connected to one another in an articulated manner, the rotor blade is formed completely, in sections or in individual parts so that it can rotate. Furthermore, the rotor blade owns swirlers and at these and other locations sensors. In a regulating and adjusting device, the sensor signals are compared with predetermined setpoints and used to generate manipulated variables which act on the swirlers and thereby generate the swirl vectors generated by the swirl vectors together with the rotation of the rotor blade around the rotor shaft torques, which are dependent on location and time Tilt and change the shape of the rotor blade lead.

In Scripture EP 1 763 126 B1 An apparatus for controlling the angle of attack of a rotor blade of a wind turbine is described, the apparatus comprising: a pitch control system with power converter, a DC circuit with a capacitor for supplying energy to the pitch control system, an AC power source for supplying power to the DC bus and a backup battery for supplying energy to the control system in the event of AC failure.

All of these described solutions do not have a redundant emergency procedure or describe a redundant emergency device.

The invention has for its object to provide an additional device as a "redundant (second) emergency device", in the event that one or more standard emergency facilities do not allow the adjustment of the setting angle on one or more rotor blades into a position for power limitation due to a fault ,

With a pitch drive, the twisting of each individual rotor blade takes place in the lath position. As soon as a torque on the rotor blade longitudinal axis tries to turn the rotor blade in the direction of maximum working position, this rotational movement should be stopped at the beginning, so in case the emergency adjustment fails, nevertheless to achieve an adjustment to the lane position for all rotor blades. The Actuator for Active-stall rotates each individual rotor blade in the direction with stall. In general, these variants are also called "turning from the wind". In normal operation, the additional device should have no influence on the operation and also the system costs should not be significantly increased.

The invention is divided into 3 stages. First, a redundant activation of the blade rotation toward the lobe position or towards stall is obtained, and Second, a detection and lock in the rotor blade rotation direction to the maximum working position and Third, if the torque fails to an emergency drive angle adjustment for power reduction can still be achieved by a controlled Introduction of a torque from the gravitational force of the rotor blades and possibly also by the wind.

The object is achieved by the method according to the invention and by the device according to the invention, which in case of a faulty emergency adjustment on one or more rotor blades still obtains the necessary aerodynamic deceleration by rotating the rotor blades, and also if available the release of a drive torque for this rotational movement allows.

These functions are achieved after switching off a solenoid which has a connection to the brake, which in the "normally closed" version has a lever for forced ventilation and in the "normally open" version has a lever which forcibly closes the brake. The brake is required for blocking, ie for holding the rotor blade. The brake is mounted so that the housing can be rotated at a slight angle and after missing power by switching off the solenoid rotation of the brake housing can be done. This connection allows the normally closed brake an adjustment of the hand lever by spring tension and direction of rotation or self-propelled brake pad closed in the lever position "brake mechanically released" and causes if necessary a mechanically actuated opening of the brake pad.

In a normally open brake the shutdown of the solenoid also causes the release of the rotational movement of the brake housing and in response to the rotational movement of the drive by spring force and direction detection releasing or blocking the brake by adjusting a handbrake lever as a brake not lifting lever.

In the event that in the normally closed brake torque on the rotor blade in the direction of maximum working position, the rotatably mounted brake housing, each with a stop on the right and left, by means of a rocker arm, which is rotated by a rotating on the shaft of the drive driver, Turned away from the stop, whereby the hand-operated lever connected to the rotational movement is returned to its neutral position, and so close the brake pads. As long as the torque is present for the blade rotation in the working direction, the manual release lever is closed by the friction lining in the brake Position "Neutral" held, as the torque in this direction, the brake housing has rotated in the direction that brings the hand release lever by means of the rotation of the brake housing in neutral position.

In the event that a servomotor does not generate torque, the torque applied to the rotor blade longitudinal axis of rotation by gravity and cyclically with the rotor rotation is used to make the rotor blade pitch in the pitch direction and in the stall control system in the direction of increasing stall.

When using a normally open brake, the shutdown of the solenoid causes that upon rotation of the rotor blade in the direction of reduced absorption of wind energy, the housing of the brake is not rotated or pulled into the position in which no operation of the hand release lever takes place. When changing the direction of rotation is done immediately by a rocker arm canceling the spring force, which has held the handbrake and twisting of the brake housing connected to the pushing or pulling the handbrake lever in the "brake closed" position and as long as the direction of the drive or rotor blade pending torque is not changed, the brake housing and thus the connected to the rotational movement of the brake housing handbrake lever is held in the "brake closed" position.

• a) Bei jedem Automatikstart der Anlage findet beim Anlauf des Rotors für jedes Rotorblatt ein Funktionstest der redundanten mechanischen Bremsenfreigabe statt. Dies wird in Abhängigkeit der Rotorstellung ausgeführt und beim Versagen des Tests erfolgt eine Serviceanforderung.
• b) Bei Verwendung einer stromlos geschlossenen Bremse wird sobald das Rotorblatt mittels Freigabe durch die mechanische Lüftung der Bremse in den Bereich geringer Drehmomententwicklung für den Rotor gedreht hat, mittels einem Anschlagsensor der Handlüfthebel der Bremse in die Neutralposition zurückgestellt, wodurch die Winkelverstellung des Rotorblattes gestoppt wird. Eine Funktionskontrolle der redundanten und richtungsabhängigen Freigabe der Drehbewegung kann durch die Steuerung zur Deaktivierung und Aktivierung des Hubmagneten und somit der Handlüftung erfolgen.
• c) Die Abschaltung des Hubmagneten an einem Antrieb bei einer Störung des Notfallsystems, löst die mechanische Steuerung der Bremse aus, d. h. das Öffnen und Schließen erfolgt abhängig von der Drehrichtung der Motorwelle und die Freigabe der Drehrichtung erfolgt abhängig von der gewählten Variante der Blattverstellung.
• d) Im Falle der Verwendung eines elektrischen Antriebsystems führt jeder Stromrichter (zur Regelung eines Pitchmotors) fortlaufend eine Drehmomentüberwachung durch, die zur Erkennung einer geschlossenen (sich nicht öffnenden) Bremse dient. Dadurch wird auch ein mögliches erhöhtes Drehmoment während der Winkelverstellung erkannt. Sofern der Antrieb gegen die nicht geöffnete Bremse arbeitet, löst die Steuerung selbstständig die Verriegelung aus (schaltet den Hubmagneten ab), um das mechanische und drehrichtungsabhängige redundante Öffnen der Bremse einzuleiten.
• e) Während des Transports, der Montage, der Installation und bei Servicearbeiten kann das mechanische Öffnen der Haltebremse mechanisch verriegelt werden. Für Servicearbeiten besteht am zweiten Wellenende des Pitchmotors eine kraftschlüssige Blockierung der Drehbewegung. Bei Verwendung von Bremsen, die stromlos offen sind, kann mittels mechanischer Einrichtung ein Schließen der Bremse hergestellt werden für die Fälle in denen für die Bremse keine Stromversorgung besteht oder eine Störung der Stromversorgung vorliegt.
• f) Eine Verstärkung des durch Schwerkraft und möglicherweise durch Aerodynamik entstehenden Antriebsmomentes zur Blattverstellung erfolgt durch die Generatorlast der Windenergieanlage. Dabei wird eine Rotorabbremsung im Falle einer Störung des Stellsystems durch die Generatorbelastung gemäß Kennlinie verstärkt, bzw. im Falle, dass keine Leistung ins Netz gespeist werden kann, übernimmt dies eine Ballastschaltung oder ein Energiespeicher, die mit dem Generator-Umrichtersystem verbunden sind. Diese Einrichtung kann direkt am Zwischenkreis des Umrichters oder zwischen Umrichter und Generator angeordnet sein.

The operation according to the invention of the described system on a wind turbine comprises the following cases:

• a) At each automatic start of the system, a function test of the redundant mechanical brake release takes place at the start of the rotor for each rotor blade. This is done depending on the rotor position and a service request is made if the test fails.
• b) When using a normally closed brake as soon as the rotor blade has turned by means of release by the mechanical ventilation of the brake in the range of low torque development for the rotor, by means of a stop sensor of the manual release lever of the brake is returned to the neutral position, whereby the angular adjustment of the rotor blade is stopped , A functional check of the redundant and direction-dependent release of the rotational movement can be carried out by the controller for deactivation and activation of the solenoid and thus the manual release.
• c) The shutdown of the solenoid on a drive in case of failure of the emergency system, triggers the mechanical control of the brake, ie the opening and closing takes place depending on the direction of rotation of the motor shaft and the release of the direction of rotation is dependent on the selected variant of the pitch adjustment.
• d) In the case of using an electric drive system, each inverter (to control a pitch motor) continuously performs a torque monitoring, which serves to detect a closed (non-opening) brake. This also detects a possible increased torque during the angular adjustment. If the drive operates against the brake that has not been opened, the control automatically triggers the interlock (switches off the solenoid) to initiate the mechanical and direction-dependent redundant opening of the brake.
• e) During transport, assembly, installation and servicing, the mechanical opening of the holding brake can be mechanically locked. For servicing, there is a frictional blocking of the rotary motion on the second shaft end of the pitch motor. When using brakes that are normally open, a mechanical brake can be used to close the brake in cases where there is no power supply to the brake or there is a power failure.
• f) An amplification of the resulting by gravity and possibly by aerodynamics drive torque for pitch adjustment is made by the generator load of the wind turbine. In this case, a Rotorabbremsung is amplified in the event of a malfunction of the control system by the generator load according to characteristic, or in the event that no power can be fed into the grid, this assumes a ballast or energy storage, which are connected to the generator inverter system. This device can be arranged directly on the intermediate circuit of the converter or between the inverter and generator.

An embodiment of the invention as a pitch system is shown in the drawings and will be described in more detail below. Show it:

1 the combined representation of a side view and a sectional view of the device for braking a wind turbine in an emergency in the state manual release in neutral posed by stop on the rotor blade in flag position, also corresponds to the position with attracted solenoid,

2 the combined representation of a side view and a sectional view of the device for decelerating a wind turbine in an emergency in the state manual release activated after dropping the solenoid and

3 the combined representation of a side view and a sectional view of the device for decelerating a wind turbine in an emergency in the state rocker arm activated; the return of the manual release in the direction of "neutral" when the shaft is rotated in the direction of the working position has begun.

An additional emergency adjustment of the rotatably mounted on the hub rotor blade 29 is due to the shutdown of a solenoid 14 or another displacement device ( 14 ) reached. This has the shaft end of a servomotor 13 a holding brake 10 with a friction lining 17 by means of screws 10.1 on a flange plate 12 is attached. In addition, has the brake 10 a hand release lever 11 with a small spring pulling into neutral position with little force 19 , as in 1 shown.

The flange plate 12 is with the housing of the servomotor 13 by means of a firm connection 24 rotatably connected. By a rotary movement of the flange plate 12 becomes a small angle of rotation on the housing of the holding brake 10 Approved.

• a) Sofern sich die Richtung des gegen den Uhrzeiger drehenden Mitnehmers 30 nicht mehr ändert, wird diese Position gehalten, bis ein mechanischer Endlagentaster 28 mittels des Anschlages 31 am Rotorblatt 29 die Fahnenstellung des Rotorblattes 29 erkennt und den Handlüfthebel 11 gegen die Federkraft über den Seilzug 27 in Neutralstellung zieht. Dadurch wird die redundante Lüftung der Haltebremse 10 deaktiviert und die Haltebremse 10 ist nur noch elektrisch steuerbar.

In case of failure of the emergency system is the rotation of the housing of the holding brake 10 blocking solenoid 14 de-energized and pulls by means of the strong spring 25 and the connection 21 the hand release lever 11 into the position "ventilated" ( 2 ), if a twist in the direction of the lane position is required and in the event that the electrical opening of the holding brake 10 failed and the holding brake 10 the motor shaft 16 blocked or that one or more drives 13 do not develop torque. During a rotary movement of the motor shaft 16 in the direction of the lane and with the brake lining closed 17 the holding brake 10 the housing becomes the holding brake 10 through the motor shaft 16 rotated at a low angle. This rotation angle is used to a rocker arm 23 in the "Neutral" position, by a cable pull 22 with spring tension and at the same time the manual release lever 11 the holding brake 10 by means of another rope 20 to move to the position "ventilated". The rocker arm 23 is used in trouble-free operation by means of an auxiliary spring 26 outside the intervention of the driver 30 held.

• a) If the direction of the counterclockwise rotating driver 30 no longer changes, this position is held until a mechanical end position button 28 by means of the stop 31 on the rotor blade 29 the flag position of the rotor blade 29 recognizes and the hand release lever 11 against the spring force on the cable 27 moves into neutral position. This is the redundant ventilation of the holding brake 10 deactivated and the holding brake 10 is only electrically controllable.

If the rotor blade 29 and thus the motor shaft 16 developed a rotation towards working position, the driver 30 turns clockwise, activates the driver 30 the provision of the rocker arm 23 and by pulling the cable 22 becomes the strong spring 25 cocked again and the little spring 19 pulls the hand release lever 11 in neutral position, as in 1 shown. An intermediate position of this function shows 3 , At the same time the housing of the holding brake 10 turned back to the position (clockwise) in which it is with switched solenoid 14 can be held against twisting. The rocker arm 23 is located, through the auxiliary spring 26 pulled, now again outside the engagement area of the motor shaft 16 rotating driver 30 , Thus, the holding brake can be 10 open redundantly, by the drive torque of the drive 13 with the motor shaft 16 or by driving moments from gravity and additionally possibly existing aerodynamics at the axis of rotation of the rotor blade 29 ,

• – Die Haltebremse 10 wird elektrisch angesteuert und die Drehrichtung der Motorwelle 16 elektronisch überwacht.
• – Solange eine Drehbewegung in Richtung Fahnenlage (gegen den Uhrzeigersinn) besteht, bleibt die Ansteuerung aktiv,
• – bei Richtungsumkehr wird die Haltebremse 10 zusammen mit dem Hubmagneten 14 abgeschaltet und die Drehung in Arbeitslage wird nach sehr kurzer Drehung gestoppt.

In the event that the brake control is still electrically active, the servomotor 13 but no torque developed, the following additional function exists in parallel to the automatic movement of the manual release lever 11 :

• - The holding brake 10 is electrically controlled and the direction of rotation of the motor shaft 16 electronically monitored.
• - As long as there is a rotary movement in the direction of the flag position (counterclockwise), the activation remains active,
• - When the direction is reversed, the holding brake 10 together with the lifting magnet 14 switched off and the rotation in working position is stopped after a very short rotation.

If the rotary movement changes again in the direction of the flag position, the manual release lever opens 11 by turning the housing of the holding brake 10 the holding brake 10 again independently, and the holding brake 10 is held by electronic rotation direction detection again electrically ventilated.

For maintenance work inside the hub has the hand release lever 11 a mechanical lock in the neutral position. This prevents unwanted release of the motor shaft 16 through the safety function for reset.

• a) Der Handlüfthebel 11 wird derart bewegt, dass nur etwa zu 90% Bremsmoment weggenommen werden. Dadurch bleibt die Verdrehung der Haltebremse 10 bestehen, solange sich die Drehrichtung der Motorwelle 16 nicht ändert. Bei der Einstellung der Gesamtmechanik der Haltebremse 10 ist es erforderlich, dass diese den Reibbelag 17 nicht komplett löst und somit ein kleines Drehmoment am Gehäuse der Haltebremse 10 bestehen bleibt, welches den Handlüfthebel 11 in gelüfteter Stellung hält.
• b) Als Variante wird eine weitere Federdruckbremse (Hilfsbremse) verwendet, deren Drehmoment auf einen kleinen Wert gestellt ist und deren Gehäuse mit der Haltebremse 10 als Hauptbremse verbunden ist. Die Hilfsbremse wird bei einer Störung nicht mechanisch geöffnet. Somit wird bei Drehung der Motorwelle 16 in Richtung Fahnenlage das Gehäuse der Hauptbremse 10 in der Stellung ”Handlüfthebel aktiviert” gehalten. Beim Wechsel der Drehrichtung wird das Gehäuse der Hauptbremse 10 in Richtung ”Bremshebel Neutralstellung” gedreht, wodurch die Hauptbremse 10 schließt, sofern keine elektrische Erregung geschaltet ist. Dies ermöglicht das Drehen der Motorwelle 16 in Richtung der Fahnenlage. Eine Verdrehung der geschlossenen Bremse in Richtung Arbeitsposition lässt die Bremse geschlossen und hält die aktuelle Position.
• c) Eine zwangsweise Funktion mit dem Öffnen und Schließen der Haltebremse 10 kann auch erreicht werden mittels einer stromlos offenen Bremse. Diesel Typ schließt den Bremsbelag 17 bei Ansteuerung und öffnet diesen stromlos. Hierzu wird bei Drehbewegung Richtung Arbeitsstellung und sobald die Fahnenstellung erreicht wird, das Schließen der Reibbeläge 17 durch Federkraft betätigt. Das Erkennen und Auslösen der Funktion „sperren Rotorblatt Drehbewegung in Richtung Arbeitsposition” oder Festhalten in Fahnenlage, wird ebenfalls durch einen Hubmagneten 14 freigegeben und durch drehrichtungsabhängige Schwenkbewegung des Gehäuses der Haltebremse 10 und Auslösen mit dem Kipphebel 23 erreicht. Dieselbe Wirkungsweise besitzt ein Verstellsystem bei dem die Leistungsaufnahme des Rotors durch Strömungsabriss an den Rotorblättern 29 geregelt wird, und dann die Rotorblätter 29 im Stellbereich festhält in dem die geringste Windenergie auf die Rotorblätter 29 und Rotordrehbewegung wirkt.

The following additional variants are provided for releasing the holding brake:

• a) The manual release lever 11 is moved so that only about 90% braking torque are removed. As a result, the rotation of the holding brake remains 10 exist as long as the direction of rotation of the motor shaft 16 does not change. When adjusting the overall mechanism of the holding brake 10 It is necessary that these are the friction lining 17 not completely solves and thus a small one Torque on the housing of the holding brake 10 remains, which the hand release lever 11 held in a ventilated position.
• b) As a variant, another spring-loaded brake (auxiliary brake) is used whose torque is set to a small value and their housing with the holding brake 10 connected as main brake. The auxiliary brake is not mechanically opened in the event of a fault. Thus, upon rotation of the motor shaft 16 in the direction of the lane, the housing of the main brake 10 held in position "manual release lever activated". When changing the direction of rotation, the housing of the main brake 10 turned in the direction of "brake lever neutral position", causing the main brake 10 closes if no electrical excitation is switched. This allows the rotation of the motor shaft 16 in the direction of the flag position. A rotation of the closed brake in the direction of the working position closes the brake and keeps the current position.
• c) A forced function with the opening and closing of the holding brake 10 can also be achieved by means of a normally open brake. Diesel type closes the brake pad 17 when activated and opens this de-energized. For this purpose, when the movement is in the direction of the working position and as soon as the flag position is reached, the friction linings are closed 17 operated by spring force. The recognition and triggering of the function "Lock rotor blade rotation in the direction of working position" or holding in flag position, is also by a solenoid 14 released and by rotational direction dependent pivotal movement of the housing of the holding brake 10 and release with the rocker arm 23 reached. The same effect has an adjustment system in which the power consumption of the rotor by stalling the rotor blades 29 is regulated, and then the rotor blades 29 in the control range holds in the lowest wind energy on the rotor blades 29 and rotor rotation acts.

When using a normally open or a normally closed holding brake 10 An analog operation of the device takes place, however, with the difference that at a normally closed holding brake 10 a hand release lever 11 and in a normally open holding brake 10 a handbrake lever is needed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Holding brake, main brake

10.1

screw

11

manual release lever

12

flange

13

Actuator, drive

14

Lifting magnet, displacement device

16

motor shaft

17

Brake pad, friction lining

19

small spring

20

rope

21

connection

22

cable

23

rocker arm

24

connection

25

strong spring

26

auxiliary spring

27

cable

28

Endlagentaster

29

rotor blade

30

takeaway

31

attack

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10106208 A1 [0007]
• DE 10116011 A1 [0008]
• DE 19739162 A1 [0009]
• DE 19821268 C2 [0010]
• EP 1763126 B1 [0011]

Claims (12)

Method for decelerating a wind turbine in an emergency by adjusting the rotor blades for wind turbines with power control according to the principle of pitch control or active stall control and for each rotor blade with at least one servomotor and at least one holding brake for holding the position of a rotor blade, characterized in that a Redundancy for emergency to one or more holding brakes ( 10 ), which is a rotor blade ( 29 ) against rotation, depending on the required rotor blade adjustment direction opens or open and in the case of an undesired adjustment direction, the holding brake ( 10 ) or the holding brakes ( 10 ) closes or closes or holds closed or hold. Method for braking a wind turbine in an emergency by adjusting the rotor blades for wind turbines with power control according to the principle of pitch control or active stall control and for each rotor blade with at least one servomotor and at least one holding brake for holding the position of a rotor blade, characterized in that for de-energized closed holding brakes ( 10 ) a redundant opening at one of the rotor blade ( 29 ) acting torque in the direction of rotation of reduced absorption of wind energy takes place and an opposite rotation of a forced opening of the holding brakes ( 10 ) withdraws. Method for braking a wind turbine in an emergency by adjusting the rotor blades for wind turbines with power control according to the principle of pitch control or active stall control and for each rotor blade with at least one servomotor and at least one holding brake for holding the position of a rotor blade, characterized in that for de-energized open holding brakes ( 10 ) a redundant mechanically actuated closing of the holding brakes ( 10 ) at one on the rotor blade ( 29 ) acting torque in the direction of rotation increased intake of wind energy takes place. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that for normally open holding brakes ( 10 ) a redundant mechanically actuated closing of the half-brakes ( 10 ) after being actuated by a rotor blade ( 29 ) means for detecting position in the area in which the rotor blades ( 29 ) are turned out of the wind or have a position with low absorption of wind energy takes place. A method according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that for normally closed holding brakes ( 10 ) a redundant mechanically actuated resetting the forced opening of the holding brakes ( 10 ) after being actuated by a rotor blade ( 29 ) means for detecting position in the area in which the rotor blades ( 29 ) are turned out of the wind or have a position with low absorption of wind energy takes place. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by means of a solenoid ( 14 ) or another displacement device ( 14 ), which releases a lock after switching off or release, which causes the housing of the holding brake (FIG. 10 ) or that the holding brake ( 10 ) after opening the lock and thus allowing rotation of the housing of the holding brake ( 10 ) and the actuation of the associated hand release lever ( 11 ) by the drive torque of the servomotor ( 13 ) can open in the direction of reduced absorption of wind energy itself. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a support of the deceleration of the rotor can also take place in case of power failure by the load of the generator continues to take place, wherein the load of the generator by means of ballast resistors. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following features: - in the event of a power failure, a disconnection of a lifting magnet ( 14 ) on the holding brake ( 10 ) and thus a small angle of rotation on the housing of the holding brake ( 10 ) is released, wherein during a rotational movement in the direction of the flag position, the rotation of the housing of the holding brake ( 10 ) generates a mechanically forced ventilation of the brake and this rotation of the rotor blades ( 29 ) in the direction of the flag position, - a rotation of the closed holding brake ( 10 ) in the direction of the working position, the holding brake ( 10 ) and holds the current position, - if the rotor blade ( 29 ) developed an adjustment towards the working position, the rotatably mounted holding brake ( 10 ) closed again after a small rotational movement, wherein the rotor blade rotational movement is stopped, - if the servomotor ( 13 ) against the non-open holding brake ( 10 ), the converter triggers the interlock independently, which mechanically releases the holding brake ( 10 ), the lifting magnet ( 14 ), in normal operation, the angular rotation of the holding brake ( 10 ), wherein also by the motor torque in the direction of rotation lobe position a mechanically forced ventilation of the holding brake ( 10 ) and by the engine torque in this case a hand release lever ( 11 ) constantly in position "ventilated" pulls and is thus achieved that the electrically not too opening holding brake ( 10 ) the rotor blade ( 29 ) can not block in the direction of the lane, - if the mains supply is ensured, the lifting magnet ( 14 ) and the rotational movement of the holding brake ( 10 ), whereby the hand release lever ( 11 ) by means of a spring ( 25 ) is held in the neutral position and the holding brake ( 10 ) then only via the solenoid ( 14 ) of the holding brake ( 10 ) is to be opened, - the automatic start of the system is blocked by the solenoid ( 14 ) the possible angle of rotation of the holding brake ( 10 ) and the manual release lever ( 11 ) remains in neutral position and the holding brake ( 10 ) thus only electrically ventilated. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at each automatic start of the system during startup for each rotor blade ( 29 ) takes place a function test of the mechanical brake release, wherein this is carried out in dependence of the rotor position. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that when the functional test fails, the maximum pitch angle and the rotor speed are limited or the system is decelerated. Device for Durchfrührung the method for decelerating a wind turbine in an emergency by adjusting the rotor blades for wind turbines with power control according to the principle of pitch control or active stall control and for each rotor blade with at least one servomotor and at least one holding brake for holding the position of a rotor blade, characterized characterized in that the servomotor ( 13 ) with a holding brake ( 10 ) with brake pad ( 17 ) and a flange plate ( 12 ), the housing of the holding brake ( 10 ) is adjustable by a certain angle, the holding brake ( 10 ) a manual release lever ( 11 ) or has a hand brake lever and the flange plate ( 12 ) a connection ( 21 ) to the displacement unit ( 14 ) and opposite to the compound ( 21 ) a strong spring ( 25 ) is arranged, and in addition by means of a cable ( 27 ) a mechanical coupling to a limit switch ( 28 ), which in the region of a stop ( 31 ) of the rotor blade ( 29 ) and a driver ( 30 ) of the servomotor ( 13 ) in the working area of a rocker arm ( 23 ), which is a connection by means of cable ( 22 ) to the compound ( 21 ) and an auxiliary spring ( 26 ), arranged between rocker arms ( 23 ) and flange plate ( 12 ) owns. Device according to claim 11, characterized by the following features: - that in connection with the shaft ( 16 ) of the servomotor ( 13 ) a holding brake ( 10 ) with a friction lining ( 17 ) is arranged and the holding brake ( 10 ), by means of screws ( 10.1 ) on a flange plate ( 12 ), wherein the flange plate ( 12 ) via the housing periphery of the holding brake ( 10 ) protruding end, on which an auxiliary spring ( 26 ), a strong spring ( 25 ), one of the strong springs ( 25 ) counteracting compound ( 21 ) of a lifting magnet ( 14 ) and a cable ( 27 ), with its other end with a limit switch ( 28 ), provided with a bulge disc-shaped carrier ( 30 ) is arranged, which with one on the holding brake ( 10 ) mounted rocker arms ( 23 ), wherein the rocker arm ( 23 ) an auxiliary spring ( 26 ), which at its other end to the flange plate ( 12 ) and on the rocker arm ( 23 ) at the attachment point of the auxiliary spring ( 26 ) a cable ( 22 ) connected to the connection ( 21 ) of the lifting magnet ( 14 ) - that the brake ( 10 ) a manual release lever ( 11 ) with a small force pulling into neutral position with little force ( 19 ), that - the flange plate ( 12 ) with the housing of the servomotor ( 13 ) by means of at least one fixed connection ( 24 ) is rotatably connected and thus the housing of the holding brake ( 10 ) is movable by a certain angle of rotation and that the rotor blade ( 29 ) a stop ( 31 ) corresponding to the end position button ( 28 ) owns.

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