DE102009060364B4 - Device and method for feeding in and/or feeding back electrical energy - Google Patents
Device and method for feeding in and/or feeding back electrical energy Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/64—Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/65—Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
- B60L53/665—Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
- Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
- Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
- Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
Abstract
Vorrichtung zur Einspeisung von elektrischer Energie eines mehrphasigen Stromnetzes (1) in einen elektrischen Verbraucher oder Energiespeicher und/oder zur Rückspeisung von elektrischer Energie von einem elektrischen Erzeuger oder Energiespeicher in das mehrphasige Stromnetz (1), umfassend eine Verbindungseinheit (3), wobei die Verbindungseinheit (3) zwischen dem mehrphasigen Stromnetz (1) und dem Verbraucher oder Energiespeicher oder zwischen dem mehrphasigen Stromnetz (1) und dem Erzeuger oder Energiespeicher angeordnet ist,wobei die Verbindungseinheit (3) stromnetzseitig mit m Phasen (L1-L3) des Stromnetzes (1), einem Nullleiter (N) und Masse (PE) verbunden ist und verbraucherseitig n Phasen (LX, LY) zur Energieeinspeisung in den Verbraucher oder Energiespeicher nutzt oder erzeugerseitig n Phasen (LX, LY) zur Energierückspeisung vom Erzeuger oder Energiespeicher in das Stromnetz (1) nutzt, wobei n ≤ m ist, wobei mittels einer Messeinheit (6) eine Spannung und/oder ein Phasenwinkel zwischen dem Nullleiter (N) und der Masse (PE) ermittelt wird, wobei bei Überschreitung mindestens eines Schwellwertes für die Spannung und/oder den Phasenwinkel verbraucherseitig mindestens eine stärker belastete Phase des mehrphasigen Stromnetzes (1) im Vergleich zu den anderen Phasen des mehrphasigen Stromnetzes (1) leistungsmäßig reduziert angesteuert wird oder ganz abgeschaltet wird und auf eine weniger belastete Phase des mehrphasigen Stromnetzes (1) umgeschaltet wird und/oder erzeugerseitig mindestens eine stärker belastete Phase des mehrphasigen Stromnetzes (1) im Vergleich zu den anderen Phasen des mehrphasigen Stromnetzes (1) leistungsmäßig verstärkt vom Erzeuger oder Energiespeicher geladen wird und/oder auf die am stärksten belasteten Phasen des mehrphasigen Stromnetzes (1) umgeschaltet wird,wobei die Vorrichtung derart ausgebildet ist, dass die Spannung (ΔU) und/oder der Phasenwinkel (Δφ) vor Zuschaltung des elektrischen Verbrauchers oder Energiespeichers oder Erzeugers gemessen wird und die entsprechende bzw. entsprechenden Phasen ausgewählt werden.Device for feeding electrical energy from a multi-phase power grid (1) into an electrical consumer or energy store and/or for feeding back electrical energy from an electrical generator or energy store into the multi-phase power grid (1), comprising a connection unit (3), the connection unit (3) is arranged between the multi-phase power grid (1) and the consumer or energy store or between the multi-phase power grid (1) and the generator or energy store, the connection unit (3) being connected on the power grid side to m phases (L1-L3) of the power grid (1 ), a neutral conductor (N) and ground (PE) and uses n phases (LX, LY) on the consumer side to feed energy into the consumer or energy storage device or n phases (LX, LY) on the generator side to feed energy back from the generator or energy storage device into the power grid ( 1) uses, where n ≤ m, a voltage and/or a phase angle between the neutral conductor (N) and ground (PE) being determined by means of a measuring unit (6), with at least one threshold value for the voltage and/or or the phase angle on the consumer side at least one more heavily loaded phase of the multi-phase power grid (1) is controlled with reduced power compared to the other phases of the multi-phase power grid (1) or is switched off completely and switched to a less loaded phase of the multi-phase power grid (1) and /or at least one more heavily loaded phase of the multi-phase power grid (1) on the generator side compared to the other phases of the multi-phase power grid (1) is charged by the generator or energy storage device and/or switched to the most heavily loaded phases of the multi-phase power grid (1). is,wherein the device is designed in such a way that the voltage (ΔU) and/or the phase angle (Δφ) is measured before the electrical consumer or energy store or generator is switched on and the corresponding or corresponding phases are selected.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Einspeisung von elektrischer Energie eines mehrphasigen Stromnetzes in einem elektrischen Verbraucher oder Energiespeicher und/oder zur Rückspeisung von elektrischer Energie von einem elektrischen Erzeuger oder Energiespeicher in das mehrphasige Stromnetz, umfassend eine Verbindungseinheit, wobei die Verbindungseinheit zwischen dem mehrphasigen Stromnetz und dem Verbraucher oder Energiespeicher oder zwischen dem mehrphasigen Stromnetz und dem Erzeuger oder Energiespeicher angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a device and a method for feeding electrical energy into a multi-phase power grid in an electrical consumer or energy store and/or for feeding back electrical energy from an electrical generator or energy store into the multi-phase power grid, comprising a connection unit, the connection unit between the multi-phase power grid and the consumer or energy storage or between the multi-phase power grid and the generator or energy storage is arranged.
Mehrphasige Stromnetze umfassen typischerweise drei Phasen, wobei die Spannungen jeweils um 120° phasenverschoben sind. Dabei werden in den Haushalten je nach elektrischem Gerät eine oder mehrere Phasen zur Spannungsversorgung verwendet, wobei die Gesamtleistung der elektrischen Geräte möglichst gleichmäßig auf die Phasen aufgeteilt werden sollte. Selbst wenn einzelne Haushalte nicht gleichmäßig die Geräte bzw. Verbraucher auf die Phasen aufteilen, hat dies aufgrund der statistischen Verteilung über alle Haushalte im Regelfall keine Auswirkung.Multi-phase power grids typically comprise three phases, with the voltages being phase-shifted by 120° in each case. Depending on the electrical device, one or more phases are used for the power supply in households, and the total power of the electrical devices should be distributed as evenly as possible between the phases. Even if individual households do not evenly distribute the devices or consumers to the phases, this usually has no effect due to the statistical distribution across all households.
Zur Reduzierung der Emissionen sollen verstärkt Elektrofahrzeuge zum Einsatz kommen, wobei deren Verbreitungsgrad zukünftig noch stärker zunehmen wird. Derartige Elektrofahrzeuge verfügen über mindestens eine Traktionsbatterie. Diese Traktionsbatterie muss über eine Schnittstelle von außen wieder aufgeladen werden.Electric vehicles are to be increasingly used to reduce emissions, and their distribution will increase even further in the future. Such electric vehicles have at least one traction battery. This traction battery must be recharged from the outside via an interface.
Die
Die zusätzliche starke Inanspruchnahme der elektrischen Stromnetze kann zu erheblichen Problemen führen, da die Ladevorgänge eines Elektrofahrzeuges zu gegebenenfalls einseitigen Belastungen bei mehrphasigen Stromnetzen führen können, was insbesondere bei dezentralen Anbietern sich noch weiter verschärft.The additional heavy use of the electrical power grids can lead to considerable problems, since the charging processes of an electric vehicle can possibly lead to one-sided loads in multi-phase power grids, which is even more acute in the case of decentralized providers in particular.
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt daher das technische Problem zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Energieeinspeisung von elektrischer Energie eines mehrphasigen Stromnetzes in einem elektrischen Verbraucher oder Energiespeicher zu schaffen, mittels derer Rückwirkungen auf das mehrphasige Stromnetz minimiert werden.The invention is therefore based on the technical problem of creating a device and a method for feeding electrical energy from a multi-phase power grid into an electrical consumer or energy store, by means of which repercussions on the multi-phase power grid are minimized.
Die Lösung des technischen Problems ergibt sich durch die Gegenstände mit den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 1 und 5. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The technical problem is solved by the objects with the features of
Hierzu umfasst die Vorrichtung zur Einspeisung von elektrischer Energie eines mehrphasigen Stromnetzes in einen elektrischen Verbraucher oder Energiespeicher und/oder zur Rückspeisung von elektrischer Energie von einem elektrischen Erzeuger oder Energiespeicher in das mehrphasige Stromnetz eine Verbindungseinheit, wobei die Verbindungseinheit zwischen dem mehrphasigen Stromnetz und dem Verbraucher oder Energiespeicher oder zwischen dem mehrphasigen Stromnetz und Erzeuger oder Energiespeicher angeordnet ist, wobei die Verbindungseinheit stromnetzseitig mit m Phasen des Stromnetzes, einem Nullleiter und Masse verbunden ist und verbraucherseitig n Phasen zur Energieeinspeisung in den Verbraucher oder Energiespeicher nutzt oder erzeugerseitig n Phasen zur Energierückspeisung vom Erzeuger oder Energiespeicher in das Stromnetz nutzt, wobei n ≤ m ist, wobei mittels einer Messeinheit eine Spannung und/oder ein Phasenwinkel zwischen dem Nullleiter und der Masse ermittelt wird, wobei bei Überschreitung mindestens eines Schwellwertes für die Spannung und/oder den Phasenwinkel verbraucherseitig mindestens eine stärker belastete Phase im Vergleich zu den anderen Phasen leistungsmäßig reduziert angesteuert wird oder ganz abgeschaltet wird und gegebenenfalls auf eine weniger belastete Phase umgeschaltet wird und/oder erzeugerseitig mindestens eine stärker belastete Phase im Vergleich zu den anderen Phasen leistungsmäßig verstärkt geladen wird und/oder auf die am stärksten belasteten Phasen umgeschaltet wird. Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung ist dabei, dass anhand der Spannung und/oder dem Phasenwinkel auf die Belastung der einzelnen Phasen des mehrphasigen Stromnetzes geschlossen werden kann, wobei eine ungleichmäßige Belastung zwischen den Phasen sich in der Verschiebung des Sternpunktes bzw. Nullleiters gegenüber der Masse bemerkbar macht. Dabei sind prinzipiell zwei Fälle zu unterscheiden. Werden alle Phasen zur Energieeinspeisung verwendet, so kann der ungleichmäßigen Belastung durch Abschaltung oder Leistungsreduktion mindestens der am stärksten belasteten Phase entgegengewirkt werden. Zum Ausgleich der dadurch reduzierten Leistung können die weniger stark belasteten Phasen gegebenenfalls auch zusätzlich leistungsmäßig stärker belastet werden. Werden hingegen nicht alle Phasen zur Energieeinspeisung verwendet, so können die am wenigsten belasteten Phasen bzw. die am wenigsten belastete Phase zur Energieeinspeisung verwendet und/oder deren Leistung gesteuert werden. Dabei erfolgt also eine Auswahl und Umschaltung auf ausgewählte Phasen, um das Stromnetz gleichmäßiger zu belasten. Dabei sei angemerkt, dass auch die ausgewählten Phasen verbraucherseitig leistungsmäßig ungleichmäßig belastet werden können, um der Verschiebung des Sternpunktes weiter entgegen zu wirken. Die Leistungssteuerung bzw. Phasenauswahl kann automatisch in Abhängigkeit der Messergebnisse der Messeinheit erfolgen. Hierdurch wird der Verschiebung des Sternpunktes automatisch entgegengewirkt. Entsprechend umgekehrt wird bei der Energierückspeisung verstärkt Energie den am stärksten belasteten Phasen zugeführt. Dabei gilt wieder, dass entweder nur einzelne Phasen angeschaltet sein können oder alle. Sind nicht alle Phasen angeschaltet, so werden die am stärksten belasteten Phasen ausgewählt. Sind alle Phasen angeschaltet, wird den belasteten Phasen im Vergleich zu den anderen Phasen mehr Energie zugeführt, um der Sternpunktverschiebung entgegen zu wirken. Auch gilt, dass auch wenn nicht alle Phasen zur Energierückspeisung verwendet werden, die Energierückspeisung in den ausgewählten Phasen leistungsmäßig unterschiedlich sein kann.To this end, the device for feeding electrical energy from a multi-phase power grid into an electrical consumer or energy store and/or for feeding back energy electrical energy from an electrical generator or energy store into the multi-phase power grid, a connection unit, the connection unit being arranged between the multi-phase power grid and the consumer or energy store or between the multi-phase power grid and generator or energy store, the connection unit being connected on the power grid side to m phases of the power grid, a Neutral conductor and ground is connected and uses n phases on the consumer side to feed energy into the consumer or energy storage device or uses n phases on the generator side to feed energy back from the generator or energy storage device into the power grid, where n ≤ m, with a measuring unit measuring a voltage and/or a phase angle between the neutral conductor and ground, whereby if at least one threshold value for the voltage and/or the phase angle is exceeded on the consumer side, at least one more heavily loaded phase is controlled with reduced power compared to the other phases or is switched off completely and, if necessary, switched to a less loaded phase and/or at least one phase with a heavier load is charged more powerfully than the other phases on the generator side and/or switching is made to the most heavily loaded phases. The basic idea of the invention is that the voltage and/or the phase angle can be used to draw conclusions about the load on the individual phases of the multi-phase power grid, with an uneven load between the phases being noticeable in the shifting of the star point or neutral conductor relative to ground . There are basically two cases to be distinguished. If all phases are used to feed in energy, the uneven load can be counteracted by switching off or reducing the power of at least the most heavily loaded phase. To compensate for the resulting reduced power, the less heavily loaded phases can also be subjected to a higher power load, if necessary. If, on the other hand, not all phases are used for feeding in energy, then the phases with the least load or the phase with the least load can be used for feeding in energy and/or their power can be controlled. In this case, a selection and switching to selected phases takes place in order to load the power grid more evenly. It should be noted that the selected phases can also be loaded unevenly on the consumer side in order to further counteract the shift in the neutral point. The power control or phase selection can take place automatically depending on the measurement results of the measurement unit. This automatically counteracts the shifting of the star point. Conversely, when energy is fed back, more energy is fed to the most heavily loaded phases. Again, either only individual phases can be switched on or all of them. If not all phases are switched on, the most heavily loaded phases are selected. If all phases are switched on, more energy is supplied to the loaded phases than to the other phases in order to counteract the neutral point shift. It also applies that even if not all phases are used for energy recovery, the energy recovery in the selected phases can differ in terms of power.
Dabei erfolgt die Umschaltung der Phasen, bevor der Energieeintrag bzw. die Energierückspeisung erfolgt.In this case, the phases are switched over before the energy input or energy recovery takes place.
Vorzugsweise wird mittels der Messeinheit die Spannung zwischen mindestens einer Phase und dem Nullleiter und der Phase und Masse ermittelt, wobei aus der Differenz der Messungen die Spannung und/oder der Phasenwinkel zwischen Nullleiter und Masse ermittelt wird. Dabei kann die Messung auch für alle Phasen durchgeführt werden.The voltage between at least one phase and the neutral conductor and the phase and ground is preferably determined by means of the measuring unit, the voltage and/or the phase angle between the neutral conductor and ground being determined from the difference in the measurements. The measurement can also be carried out for all phases.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist in der Verbindungseinheit mindestens eine Umschalteinheit angeordnet, mittels derer zwischen einzelnen Phasen ausgangsseitig umgeschaltet werden kann. Vorzugsweise ist die Umschalteinheit als Relais ausgebildet. Ausgangsseitig bedeutet dabei je nach Energierichtung verbraucher- bzw. erzeugerseitig.In a further preferred embodiment, at least one switchover unit is arranged in the connection unit, by means of which it is possible to switch over between individual phases on the output side. The switching unit is preferably designed as a relay. Depending on the energy direction, output side means consumer or generator side.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird eine Leistungselektronik des Verbrauchers/Erzeugers oder des Energiespeichers in Abhängigkeit der ausgewählten Phasen angesteuert. Dabei kann die Leistungselektronik selbst zum Ab- bzw. Umschalten einzelner Phasen benutzt werden, so dass separate Umschalteinheiten in der Verbindungseinheit entfallen können. Alternativ kann über die Leistungselektronik gezielt eine Variation der phasenbezogenen Leistungen durchgeführt werden.In a further preferred embodiment, power electronics of the consumer/generator or of the energy store are controlled as a function of the selected phases. In this case, the power electronics itself can be used to switch off or switch over individual phases, so that separate switchover units in the connection unit can be omitted. Alternatively, the power electronics can be used to vary the phase-related power in a targeted manner.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Die Fig. zeigen:
-
1 eine schematische Schaltungsanordnung zur Einspeisung von elektrischer Energie eines mehrphasigen Stromnetzes in einen Energiespeicher, -
2a eine Zeigerdarstellung der unterschiedlichen Spannungen bei symmetrisch belasteten Phasen, -
2b eine Darstellung der Spannungen zwischen einer Phase und Nullleiter sowie zwischen der Phase und Masse bei symmetrisch belasteten Phasen, -
3a eine Zeigerdarstellung der unterschiedlichen Spannungen bei unsymmetrisch belasteten Phasen und -
3b eine Darstellung der Spannungen zwischen einer Phase und Nullleiter sowie zwischen der Phase und Masse bei unsymmetrisch belasteten Phasen.
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1 a schematic circuit arrangement for feeding electrical energy from a multi-phase power grid into an energy store, -
2a a vector representation of the different voltages for symmetrically loaded phases, -
2 B a representation of the voltages between a phase and neutral conductor and between between the phase and ground for symmetrically loaded phases, -
3a a vector representation of the different voltages in asymmetrically loaded phases and -
3b a representation of the voltages between a phase and neutral conductor and between the phase and earth with unbalanced loaded phases.
In der
In der dargestellten Ausgangssituation sind die Umschalteinheiten 4, 5 derart geschaltet, dass die Phase L1 am Ausgang LX und die Phase L2 am Ausgang LY anliegt. Bevor nun der Ladevorgang beginnt, überprüft zunächst die Messeinheit 6, wie die Phasen L1-L3 belastet sind. Dies kann erfolgen, bevor die Verbindungseinheit 3 mit dem Ladegerät 2 verbunden wird oder aber auch nach der Verbindung. Hierzu ermittelt die Messeinheit eine Differenzspannung ΔU und einen Winkelversatz Δφ zwischen dem Nullleiter N und der Masse PE. Messtechnisch kann hierzu die Spannung zwischen der Phase L1 und dem Nullleiter N und der Phase L1 und Masse PE bestimmt und anschließend die Differenz gebildet werden.In the initial situation shown, the switching
Ist das mehrphasige Stromnetz 1 gleichmäßig symmetrisch belastet, so ist die Spannung und der Winkelversatz zwischen Nullleiter N und Masse PE null. Diese symmetrische Belastung ist in den
Dabei sei angemerkt, dass die Verbindungseinheit 3 auch teilweise oder vollständig in das Ladegerät 2 integriert werden kann.It should be noted here that the
Claims (9)
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