DE102008046444A1 - Façade panel, system and process for energy production - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a facade panel for producing an energy recovery system, wherein the facade panel comprises at least one insulating layer and at least one Gasleitschicht, wherein the facade panel comprises plastic. Furthermore, the present invention describes a system and method for energy production.

Description

The The present application relates to a facade panel for the production an energy recovery system. In addition, aimed The present application relates to a system and a method for Energy.

A increasing scarcity of fossil fuels and the resulting cost increases lead to increased Investments in the field of energy saving and use sustainable energy resources. The air conditioning of buildings is currently responsible for a high proportion of total energy consumption causally. Accordingly, many efforts undertaken to reduce the consumption resulting therefrom.

Usually, therefore, materials are used for insulation in the construction of buildings, which can often be retrofitted to facades. For example, the document describes DE 25 07 000 A1 Such facade cladding. A disadvantage of these facade cladding is their complex attachment.

Furthermore, ventilated cladding is often used on buildings because of their physical properties. An example of such a facade cladding is in DE 100 22 615 A1 explained. However, no facade panel is described which comprises an insulating layer and a gas conducting layer. Furthermore, this cladding does not serve to generate energy, but prevents heating of the building by the action of sunlight. The cladding described must also be mounted in several steps on the building. This assembly is associated with a high workload.

Accordingly, composite panels have been developed that can be mounted to a façade in one step, without the need to subsequently apply a plaster. Such plates are for example in DE 197 13 542 A1 . DE 41 31 511 A1 and DE 39 13 383 A1 described. The insulation material may in this case be provided with a back ventilation. These composite panels can be easily processed and assembled, but are not suitable for energy.

In addition, are out DE 89 15 270 U1 . EP 0 382 084 A2 . DE 197 36 768 A1 . DE 199 54 955 A1 and WO 2005/033432 A1 Hollow chamber plates known that can be used for example for the production of greenhouses or as a construction material for the production of plastic glazings. These plates have an insulating effect, which is achieved in particular by an enclosed gas, usually air. To maximize insulation, the gas trapped in this layer should have as little as possible contact with the ambient air and low convection. According to the teaching of the document DE 197 36 768 A1 . DE 199 54 955 A1 and WO 2005/033432 A1 For example, the cavities are filled with insulating materials so as to improve thermal insulation.

The use of air for insulation of buildings is among others in WO 97/30316 A1 described. Here, air is heated by a complex system to a certain temperature and guided in a layer through the wall of a building. The air-bearing layer can be taken into account, among other things, during the construction of the building. Furthermore, a multi-wall plate can be used for this purpose, in which one or two of the layers are designed as an insulating layer and one of the layers forms an air duct. However, this structure is produced only when laying, so that no plate is described with a Gasleitschicht and an insulating layer. Furthermore, this system does not provide a system for generating energy but for saving energy.

Furthermore, systems for the insulation of buildings and for the production of solar energy are known. For example, the documents describe DE 29 29 681 A1 and DE 199 02 532 C1 Combination elements for thermal insulation and solar energy production. However, the se systems are operated with liquids, so that they require a high maintenance and manufacturing costs.

In In view of the prior art, it is now the object of the present Invention a facade panel for the production of an energy recovery system to provide an excellent property profile having.

A Task can be seen in particular, facade panels to provide that easily and easily assembled and processed can be. In particular, should be low for mounting qualified persons can be used. Farther the facade panel should be inexpensive to produce.

Moreover, it was therefore an object of the present invention to provide a system for energy production, which is associated with a relatively high energy efficiency with low maintenance, upkeep and acquisition costs. Here, the system, and thus the facade panels, which are used for the production of this, should have a long life, without continuously high maintenance and repair measures are necessary. Accordingly, the system, especially the facade panels one have high weather resistance, in particular a high UV resistance.

Solved These and other not explicitly mentioned tasks that are however, from the contexts discussed hereinbefore readily derivable or can be opened, through a facade panel for producing an energy recovery system with all features of claim 1. Advantageous modifications the facade panels according to the invention are in Subclaims under protection. Regarding a system and a method for energy generation provide the claims 34 and 41, a solution of the underlying tasks.

object Accordingly, the present invention is a facade panel for producing an energy recovery system, characterized is that the facade panel at least one insulating layer and at least one Gasleitschicht comprises, wherein the facade panel plastic having.

hereby succeeds in an unpredictable way, a facade panel for Production of an energy recovery system available to provide, which has an excellent property profile.

The Façade panels according to the invention can easy and easy to assemble and process. For assembly especially low-skilled people be used. Furthermore, the facade panel is inexpensive produced. The façade panel continues to offer high weather protection. In addition, the facade panel can meet specific needs in terms of stability and noise control be adjusted.

Farther The present invention provides a system for generating energy ready, which at a relatively high energy efficiency with low Maintenance, upkeep and acquisition costs. in this connection shows the system, and thus also the facade panels, for the production This can be used for a long life, without being continuous high maintenance and repair measures are necessary. Accordingly, the facade panel according to the present invention a high weather resistance, in particular a high UV resistance.

The Facade plate according to the invention is used for the production an energy recovery system. The energy recovery system is based essentially due to the use of solar energy, being air that is located in the gas conducting layer and in a lower region of Gasleitschicht is supplied, heated by solar radiation and is directed upwards. In the upper area is the heated Air taken from the gas conducting layer and an energetic use fed. A facade panel of the present invention can, depending on the embodiment, for producing an outer wall or used to cover an existing exterior wall become.

The Facade panel of the present invention comprises plastic. By This configuration succeeds surprisingly a very cost-effective and powerful energy recovery system available to deliver. Preferably, the facade panel comprises at least 5 Wt .-%, preferably at least 10 wt .-% and particularly preferably at least 20 wt .-% plastic on. According to a special Embodiment of the present invention, the plastic content the facade panel at least 50 wt .-%, preferably at least 80th Wt .-% and particularly preferably at least 95 wt .-% amount. Of the Depending on the purpose, plastic contained in the facade panel can be used to be selected. Among the preferred plastics include including polyolefins, especially polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and / or cycloolefinic copolymers (COC), polyalkylene (meth) acrylates, in particular polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), poly (meth) acrylimides (PMMI), polycarbonates (PC), polyisocyanates, polyoxyalkylenes, in particular Polyoxymethylene (POM), polyester, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and / or polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate (PEN); Polyether ketones, in particular polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Polyether sulfones (PES), polysulfones (PSU), polyphenylene sulfides, polyvinyl chlorides, Polystyrenes (PS), polyamides (PA), polyurethanes and / or polyimides (PI). Furthermore, copolymers can also be used having two or more repeating units from which the polymers set forth above are constructed. These include in particular styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers (ABS). These polymers can individually or as a mixture of two, three or more plastics (Blends) are used.

The plastics may here contain conventional additives, for example UV stabilizers, impact modifiers, colorants, pigments, antistatic agents, flame retardants and fillers. These additives allow a simple adaptation of the plate properties to specific requirements. The surface of the gas-conducting layer can be biocidally equipped to counteract the growth of algae, fungi, bacteria, lichens, mosses and / or the like. For this purpose, in particular silver compounds can be introduced into the surface. Furthermore, the surface, especially in the rain, be with a biostatic substance be This treatment can be carried out in particular by means of a rain-induced release from a component. Suitable biostatically active substances are, for example, metals or metal alloys which preferably contain copper, zinc and / or lead, organometallic compounds, preferably organic mercury and tin compounds, organic compounds, preferably selected from atrazine, simazine, pelargonic acid, triazines, and active compounds the classes of the azoles, morpholine and strobilurins. Furthermore, the surface of the gas-conducting layer can be provided with a scratch-resistant lacquer or with self-cleaning and / or water-spreading properties.

According to one preferred embodiment, the facade panel only a small Number of plastic types have. This can, among other things the recycling of the facade panel can be increased. Accordingly preferred facade panels have at most four, more preferably at most two and most preferably one type of plastic on. The term plastic variety means that one out of exactly one Plastic grade manufactured article thereby recycled it can be that the object is melted down and the one from it recovered plastic, for example, be recycled by granulation can, without requiring a separation of the obtained plastic is. In this consideration, plastics remain only one small proportion, for example up to 5 wt .-%, preferably to to 1 wt .-% are contained in the facade panel, except Consideration.

A Facade panel according to the invention comprises at least an insulating layer and at least one gas conducting layer. Accordingly has a facade panel according to the present invention Invention a layered structure, wherein the gas-conducting layer is arranged outside. The gas-conducting layer is therefore defined as one of the two outer layers of the facade panel, this layer is suitable for conducting a gas. Accordingly the gas-conducting layer forms one of the surface layers the facade panel, which, perpendicular to the layer plane in the direction Insulation layer seen, completed by a layer, which has no channels or other structures, which are suitable for the conduction of gases. This layer can be immediate be formed by the insulating layer. On the other hand can this layer also represents an adhesive layer or a release layer. The gas-conducting layer preferably has a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 25 cm, more preferably in the range of 0.3 cm to 15 cm, measured as the maximum of the layer thickness.

The gas conducting layer includes channels or other structures suitable for conducting gases. Preferably, the channels have a cross-sectional area in the range of 0.1 to 2500 cm ² , preferably 0.9 to 1000 cm ² . According to a preferred embodiment, the channels are oriented substantially vertically. Accordingly, the ratio of the length of the channels, based on the individual facade panel, to the plate length is in the range from 10: 1 to 1: 1, particularly preferably in the range from 2: 1 to 1: 1. The length of the channels may be determined in a known manner, for example, over the life of a fluid passing through the channels. The gas-conducting layer preferably has a pressure loss of at most 10 mbar / m, preferably at most 5 mbar / m and particularly preferably at most 2 mbar / m. The pressure loss can be measured by differential pressure measurement between two selected points along the gas conducting layer.

According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the gas-conducting layer comprises a translucent layer. This embodiment enables a particularly effective use of solar energy for heating air, which is located in the gas-conducting layer. Preferably, the translucent layer exhibits a transmission emissivity of at least 40%, preferably 50% measured according to ASTM D 1003-07 Procedure B ,

The Gas conducting layer may preferably be made of one or more plastics getting produced. Particularly suitable for this purpose are, inter alia, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyamide (PA), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyester and / or cycloolefinic Copolymer (COC).

The insulating layer serves to provide a thermal insulation, whereby synergistic effects can be achieved in terms of energy production. Accordingly, the insulating layer should have the lowest possible thermal conductivity. On the other hand, an extremely good insulation is often associated with high costs. Preferably, therefore, the insulating layer has a thermal conductivity in the range of 0.003 to 0.07 W / (m · K), particularly preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 W / (m · K), measured according to ASTM C 518-04 , The insulation can be achieved by a vacuum or a stationary gas as possible. The insulating layer preferably has at least one insulating material, wherein the insulating material can be formed, for example, from fibers, particles, gels, in particular aerogels or xerogels, and / or foams. Accordingly, the thickness of the insulating layer results from the thickness of the insulating material or the layer with a stationary gas or a vacuum. Preferably, the thickness of the insulating layer is in the range of 0.5 to 49 cm, preferably 4.5 cm to 20 cm.

The Insulating layer is not designed to conduct gases. Furthermore, the insulating layer differs from the gas conducting layer through a higher insulation effect. According to one particular aspect of the present invention is the ratio of Heat transfer coefficient of the insulating layer to Heat transfer coefficient of the gas conducting layer in the area from 1: 1.1 to 1: 1000, preferably 1: 5 to 1: 100.

The Insulating layer can be made of organic and / or inorganic Materials are made. In particular, the insulating layer made of plastic fibers, foams and / or particles include. Among the preferred plastics used to manufacture the Insulating layer or the insulating material can serve, include polyurethane, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), poly (meth) acrylimides (PMMI), polyimide (PI) and / or polystyrene.

According to one particular aspect, the insulating layer expanded polystyrene (EPS) and / or foamed poly (meth) acrylimide (PMMI).

The above products are commercially available. For example, foamed poly (meth) acrylimide (PMMI) under the trade name ^® ROHACELL of obtained Evonik Degussa GmbH, in which different embodiments under the designations ^® ROHACELL XT ^® ROHACELL IG, ^® ROHACELL WF or ^® ROHACELL HT can be obtained which show a thermal conductivity in the range of 0.02 to 0.05 W / (mK). Foamed polystyrene, in particular in the form of thermal insulation boards, can be obtained, inter alia, from Caparol under the name ^® Capatec, these boards having a thermal conductivity of about 0.035 W / (mK) according to DIN EN 12 939 exhibit.

Farther For example, the insulating layer may contain inorganic particles Aerosils, fumed silicas and / or precipitated silicas, Gels, in particular aerogels and / or xerogels, inorganic foams, in particular airgel foams and / or inorganic fibers include.

Materials for the preparation of the insulating layer, in particular aerogels, aerosils and / or fumed silicas are, for example, in EP-A-0 446 486 , filed on 28.12.90 at European Patent Office with the application number 90125659 . US 5,389,420 , filed on November 30, 1992 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO) with application numbers 983,216 and US 5,236,758 filed on 5/15/91 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO) No. 669,738, which is hereby incorporated by reference for disclosure purposes and in which the insulating layer materials disclosed therein are incorporated into this application. Preferred aerogels to be used are, for example, in the documents WO 2007/044341 A2 . WO 02/052086 A2 and WO 98/13135 described.

Airgel foams are used inter alia in WO 2007/146945 filed on Jun. 12, 2007 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO) Serial No. PCT / US2007 / 071013, the airgel foams described herein being incorporated herein by reference for purposes of disclosure.

Preferred insulating materials, in particular inorganic particles are disclosed in the publications US 2007102055A1 , filed on 16.02.2006 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO), application number 11/356308; WO 94/25149 , filed on Apr. 28, 1994, with the United States Patent Office (USPTO), application number PCT / US94 / 05105; WO 98/45032 , filed on Apr. 9, 1998 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO), application number PCT / US98 / 07367; WO 98/045035 , filed on Apr. 9, 1998 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO), application number PCT / US98 / 07374; WO 98/045210 , filed on Apr. 9, 1998 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO) with the application number PCT / US98 / 07109 and WO 2007/024925 , filed on 22.08.2006 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO) Serial No. PCT / US2006 / 032822, these references being hereby incorporated by reference for disclosure purposes and the materials for making the insulating layer disclosed therein being incorporated into this application.

These Materials can be used individually or as a mixture with each other or as a mixture with other materials (eg in the form of fibers or fiber composites) are used.

Mixtures of different insulating materials, in particular inorganic particles with fibers, preferably plastic fibers are mentioned in the publications WO 2005/098553 , filed on 05.01.2005 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO), application number PCT / US2005 / 000349; WO 97/23675 , filed on Dec. 20, 1996, with the United States Patent Office (USPTO), application number PCT / US96 / 05760 and US Pat US 2003/077438 A1 , filed on Nov. 26, 2003 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO) No. 10 / 304,333, for which reference is made to these references and the materials and methods of making the insulating layer disclosed therein, in particular the particles and the fibers, are incorporated into this application.

About that In addition, the insulating layer conventional additives, For example, include carbon black or other IR absorbers.

Next the gas-conducting layer and the insulating layer can be an inventive Facade panel further layers, in particular for connecting these Layers can serve, or contain further components.

According to one particular aspect of the present invention may, for example an IR-absorbing layer may be provided immediately adjacent the gas-conducting layer adjoins and the channels to the gas line, which are located in the Gasleitschicht limited to the inside. The IR absorbing layer has IR absorbing materials, such as As dyes, pigments and / or carbon black.

Farther can, for example, for aesthetic reasons, an intermediate layer may be provided between the insulating layer and the gas-conducting layer is arranged. This intermediate layer can, for example be configured colored or opaque.

To the particularly preferred elements which are an inventive Façade panel may include in particular heat storage elements, preferably one or more phase change materials (PCM) can contain. According to a special Embodiment of the present invention, the phase change material (PCM) a phase transition at a temperature range of 15 ° C preferably up to 45 ° C 18 ° C to 40 ° C. Among the preferred PCM include paraffins, Fatty acids and salt hydrates, which according to a Particularly preferred embodiment also encapsulated can. Preferred paraffins may be from 18 to 50 Carbon atoms, more preferably 20 to 40 carbon atoms.

The Heat storage element is preferably arranged so that provided the insulating layer between the gas-conducting layer and the heat storage element is. The equipped with a heat storage element Embodiment of an inventive Facade panel is particularly suitable for constructions, where part of the outer walls are made by facade panels is formed according to the present invention.

The dimensions of the facade panel are not critical per se, which is usually limited by the handling. Thus, in the field of prefabricated houses whole walls can be manufactured and assembled. On the other hand, preferred embodiments of a facade panel according to the invention can be installed easily and without tools. These facade panels preferably have a length in the range of 100 cm to 400 cm, more preferably in the range of 150 cm to 300 cm and a width in the range of 50 cm to 200 cm, particularly preferably in the range of 80 cm to 150 cm. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the facade panel in the range of 0.8 to 50 cm, preferably in the range of 5 cm to 25 cm. The weight per unit area of the facade panel is preferably 2 to 50 kg / m ² , more preferably 3 to 20 kg / m ² .

According to a particular modification of the present invention, the facade panels show a high load capacity, so that the facade panels, depending on the design of the mounting and the support structure, can contribute to the stability of the building. According to this embodiment of the present invention, the cladding board preferably exhibits a bearing performance of at least 750 N / m ² . The compressive strength of the facade panel is preferably at least 60 N / mm ² , more preferably at least 80 N / mm ² , measured according to ASTM C 165-07 Procedure A , By a special selection of the insulating material, the insulating layer can also show a high load capacity even in particularly material-saving embodiments. Thus, preferred insulating materials have a compressive strength of at least 0.28 N / mm ² , measured according to ASTM C 165-07 Procedure B on.

The facade panel preferably has a low heat transfer coefficient, wherein the insulating layer contributes to the thermal insulation in particular. Preferably, the heat transfer coefficient of the facing panel is in the range of 0.01 to 3.0 W / (m ² · K), more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 2.0 W / (m ² · K) measured according to ASTM C 518-04 , The gas-conducting layer exhibits a higher heat-transfer coefficient than the insulating layer, the heat-transfer coefficient of the gas-conducting layer preferably being in the range from 0.5 to 4.0 W / (m ² · K), particularly preferably in the range from 1.0 to 3.0 W / ( m ² · K), measured according to ASTM C 518-04 ,

A facade panel according to the invention can be produced by methods which are known per se in the art. For example, a multiple web plate, in particular a triple or quadruple web plate can be used, wherein one or more of the hollow chambers are filled with an insulating material. The Gasleitschicht results here from the open shafts of the original multi-wall plate, the insulating layer of or filled with the insulating material Layers. Furthermore, first of all, an insulating layer, for example a plastic foam, can be produced, onto which spacers are applied, in which case a further layer, in particular a plate, which is preferably translucent, is fastened to the other side of the spacers. The gas-conducting layer is formed by the space between the insulating layer and the plate. According to a further modification of the present invention, a double or multiple web plate, in particular triple and quadruple web plates can be connected to an insulating layer which is formed for example by a plastic foam or a fiber structure, wherein the insulating layer with the double or multiple web plate by gluing connected thereto becomes. Furthermore, a plastic foam can also be sprayed onto a double or multiple web plate. The term double-skin plate is understood here to mean a hollow-chamber plate which comprises two parallel plates, also called belts, which are separated by webs. A triple-ridge plate comprises three plates arranged in parallel, which are each separated by webs, so that two hollow chambers arranged parallel to the plates are produced, which are separated by a plate.

To produce the insulating layer, it is also possible to use materials which have already been prefabricated in an appropriate form. Such insulation materials are inter alia in the publications WO 2006/002440 , filed on 29.06.2005 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO), application number PCT / US2005 / 023677; WO 03/064025 A1 , filed on 29.01.2003 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO), application number PCT / US03 / 02606; WO 03/097227 A1 , filed on 15.05.2003 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO), application number PCT / US03 / 15531; EP 1 787 716 A1 , filed on 29.01.2003 at European Patent Office with the application number 06025492.7 ; WO 96/06808 , filed on 20.02.1997 at the European Patent Office with the application number PCT / EP95 / 03274 ; US 2007/0173157 A1 filed on Jan. 26, 2007 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO), Application No. 11 / 627,639; US 2007/0222116 A1 , filed on 12.07.2005 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO), application number 11 / 180,038; WO 2005/033432 A1 , filed on 01.10.2004 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO), application number PCT / US2004 / 032355; and WO 2006/065904 A1 , filed on 12.12.2005 at the United States Patent Office (USPTO), application number PCT / US2005 / 045240, for which reference is made to these documents and the materials and methods for making the insulating layer disclosed therein, in particular the particles, the fibers and the further compositions as well as the insulating layers described therein are incorporated into this application.

According to a particular embodiment, the insulating layer according to the in EP-A-0 468 124 , filed on 25.07.90 at European Patent Office with the application number 90630134.6 ; and in WO 2005/033432 A1 , filed on 01.10.2004 with the United States Patent Office (USPTO), application number PCT / US2004 / 032355; are prepared, wherein the panels obtainable according to these methods are incorporated for the purposes of disclosure in the present application. Accordingly, for example, a plate with cavities with inorganic particles, in particular an airgel, Aerosil and / or fumed silica are filled. Subsequently, this plate can be evacuated. After forming a vacuum, the filled with the insulating material cavities of the plate can be closed. Depending on the output of the inserted plate, the gas-conducting layer must be additionally produced. If a multiple web plate has been used, a layer may provide the function of the gas conduction layer if the corresponding layer has channels communicating with the outside air.

to Formation of a large-scale energy recovery system In the present invention, it may be necessary to have a plurality of facade panels to assemble into a structure together. This can be over, for example a blunt or oblique shock done. Farther For example, the facade panels can preferably be designed in this way be that the plates are assembled very easily and safely can, with the nature of the addition in itself uncritical is. So can the facade panels with a connection system be provided. These include in particular tongue and groove systems or clip systems. Furthermore, the facade panel at the edges of a Form having an overlapping connection or a Allow for a bouncing. To increase the connection quality The plates can be glued together or Velcro systems together get connected. Furthermore, a sealing profile can form fit be introduced into the joints.

The façade panels can be attached to buildings by conventional fastening systems. For example, the facade panels can be mounted by gluing, especially in the form of adhesive bats. Furthermore, the facade panels by mechanical fastening methods, such as anchors or anchor rails, in which the facade panels can be hooked, are attached. For holding the anchorage Accordingly, the facade panel may be provided with a groove or a perforation. Furthermore, the facade panels can be connected by clamping profiles with a building or a supporting structure. For this purpose, for example, a support profile can be set up or attached to an outer wall, for example by screwing. The support profile can be configured in a rectangular design. Usually, these support profiles made of plastic, wood / wood material or metal. The attachment of the facade panel to this profile can be done by clamping the plate by means of a seated on the outside linear clamping rail, which is provided in or over the space between the plates and selectively screwed to the wall profile. Furthermore, the plates may be provided with holes to allow attachment.

Around To allow for better mounting, can be a topcoat be applied to the facade panel, which, after fixing on the plate, can be regarded as part of the gas-conducting layer.

The Facade panels of the present invention form an integral part a system for energy production. This system is new and accordingly also the subject of the present invention.

In addition to one or more of the facade panels according to the invention, preferred embodiments of the energy recovery system according to the invention comprise further components with which the energy obtained by solar irradiation can be utilized. These components include, for example, absorption chillers, duct systems for distributing hot air in a building, heat pumps, latent heat storage, heat exchangers and / or compression refrigerators. Part of these components as well as other components of a plant for energy production are among others in F. Ziegler, "Recent developments and future prospects of sorption heat pumping systems", Int. J. Therm. Sci. (1999) 38, 191-208 explained. Furthermore, absorption chillers and working fluids are in WO 2006/134015 , submitted on 24.05.2006 to the European Patent Office with the application number PCT / EP2006 / 062567 The absorption chillers and working media, etc. described in these references are incorporated in this application for purposes of disclosure. Preferred absorption chillers or absorption heat pumps may comprise as the absorbent an ionic liquid and water as a refrigerant.

These Components can be used individually or in combination become. Furthermore, the system can also distribute components or for active transport of heated air, in particular a ventilation.

Farther is a method of energy generation subject of the present Invention comprising heating air by exposure to the sun in a gas conducting layer, which is connected to an insulating layer is, and the use of recovered thermal energy.

The Use of heat energy can, for example, over the use of an absorption chiller, a heat pump, a piping system for the distribution of hot air in a building done. Preferably, the recovered heat energy for production be used by hot water.

ever After sun exposure, the use of a heat pump be useful to the recovered heat energy to a higher To transport temperature level.

preferred Embodiments of the present invention will be described below explained by way of example by way of example. Show it:

1 : A schematic structure of an embodiment of a power generation system according to the present invention;

2 : A schematic structure of an embodiment of a facade panel for producing an energy recovery system of the present invention;

3 : Various embodiments for attaching a facade panel according to the invention to a building;

4 Various Embodiments for Joining Different Facade Panels.

In 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an energy recovery system 1 represented the present invention, which is part of a building 2 is. The outer walls 3 a building 2 are with facade panels 4 provided the present invention. In the base area, outside air can enter the gas-conducting layer 5 of the plate system. By solar radiation is in the Gasleitschicht 5 heated outside air, which rises through this. The heated air is taken in the present embodiment at the bottom of the roof, such as the eaves, the verge, the gable, or the Dachattika, the plate system and fed to a use. The heat energy can be achieved, for example, by an in 1 not shown building technical system of the building 2 be used.

In 2 is a schematic section of the in 1 illustrated energy recovery system 1 shown. The facade panel 4 includes a gas conducting layer 5 and an insulating layer 6 , where the insulating layer 6 to the outer wall 3 is aligned. Located in the gas conducting layer 5 outdoor air rises due to the warming upwards.

3 shows various embodiments for securing inventive facade panels 4 , which in the present case an insulating layer 6 and one through an adhesive layer 7 with this connected gas-conducting layer 5 include, to a building. For example, the plates can 4 to an outer wall 3 through adhesive bats 8th on a wall 3 be attached as in 3A shown. Furthermore, the facade panels 4 through an anchor profile 9 on a wall 3 be mounted like this in the 3B and 3C is shown. The anchor profile 9 can by screws 10 be attached to the wall. The anchor profile 9 has an angle 11 on, in the facade panel according to the invention via a groove or a perforation 12 mounted who can, for which reinforcing elements may be provided in the facade panel, which are not shown here. In the in 3B illustrated embodiment is the edge of the facade panel 4 stepped, so that an overlap with the adjacent plate is ensured. In the 3C illustrated embodiment is with a cover layer 13 provided to seal the joining of the plates with each other and thus the building facade in addition. The cover layer 13 can be connected by an adhesive layer with the gas-conducting layer of the facade panel according to the invention. In addition, the plates can also be clamped 14 , which may also be designed in the form of clamping profiles, are fastened to the outer wall of the building, as shown in FIG 3D is shown schematically. So can two facade panels 4 for example, by those with screws 15 against a supporting profile 16 generated pressing forces are attached to an outer wall.

4 describes different possibilities for connecting facade panels. The facade panels 4 For example, butt or oblique may be encountered, with adhesives or sealing profiles to reinforce the connection 17 can be used ( 4A respectively. 4B ).

In FIG 4C is a coincidence of the facade panels 4 shown by bouncing, with one edge of the plate 4 with a spring 18 and another edge of the plate with a groove 19 are provided. In addition, a sealing material or sealing profile and a bond can be introduced into the joint.

An overlap is in 4D shown. The respective edges of the facade panels 4 are stepped, with the projection 20 a plate 4 in the recess 21 the next plate 4 is adjusted. In addition, a sealing material or sealing profile as well as a bond can be introduced.

An in 4E illustrated tongue and groove system generally has a positive, specific profiling 22 both with each other to be joined plates 4 on, wherein slipping of the plates is made difficult in particular during assembly by restoring forces. In addition, a sealing material or sealing profile as well as a bond can be introduced.

An example of a clamp connection is in 4F illustrated, wherein in the present embodiment, a mullion-transom facade profile is shown. The blunt edges of the façade panels are interconnected by means of a clamping profile 23 connected, which is selectively screwed in the joint between two plates with a mounted on the building wall wall profile. As a result, the connection of two subsequent facade panels 4 produced by clamping. In addition, a sealing material or sealing profile can be introduced.

embodiment

A Facade panel according to the present invention was made of three separate layers of material, an insulating layer, an opaque intermediate layer and a gas conducting layer, formed, which were glued together.

The insulating layer ( 6 ), consisted of a 600 × 600 mm and 60 mm thick EPS insulation (product: ^® Capatect Dalmatiner facade insulation board 160, Caparol company, EPS rigid foam type: EPS 035 WDV, fire behavior B1, DIN 4102-1 ). This was conglutinated with an opaque intermediate layer, which was formed by a PLEXIGLAS sheet (product: ^® PLEXIGLAS SATINICE, Fa. Röhm) with the dimension 600 × 600 × 3 mm (W × H × T).

The gas conducting layer ( 5 ), a ^® PLEXIGLAS hollow chamber panel (product: ^® PLEXIGLAS Alltop, Evonik Röhm GmbH), in dimensions 600 × 600 × 16 mm (W × H × T), was adhesively bonded congruently to the opaque intermediate layer.

For better installation, the facade panel with a top layer ( 13 ) formed in the form of a ^® PLEXIGLAS plate (product: PLEXIGLAS colorless, Evonik Röhm GmbH) in dimensions 600 × 600 × 3 mm (W × H × T) was. The cover layer was inclined, each by 30 mm in relation to the width and the height, offset with the underlying Gasleitschicht ( 5 ) glued. In the present case, the cover layer served as end plate for the composite.

The fastening of the façade panel to a building exterior wall was carried out by means of an adhesive bed or adhesive tape ( 8th ) on the back (towards the building exterior wall) of the insulating layer ( 6 ) and glued to the building wall punctiform or flat.

Analogous to existing external thermal insulation systems (ETICS) or full thermal insulation for building exterior walls, the individual facade panels were attached to a building exterior wall. In the present case, orthogonally offset facade panels with a butt joint of 1-3 mm were abutted against one another and thereby form a surface covering over the entire outer wall of the building. The facade panels were applied with a continuous horizontal and vertical joint to the outer wall. The outer wall of the building was clothed over the entire area. The outer offset cover layer ( 13 ) formed by the overlap to the adjacent facade panel, the weather protection against moisture and at the same time a device for positioning the facade panels on the building exterior wall. The hollow chambers of the gas conducting layer ( 5 ) were mainly installed vertically over the entire height of the façade of the building continuously, in the base area outside air could flow into the hollow chambers.

The vertically arranged, hollow chambers, which are open to the outside air in the base region (lower facade part), are fed with air from the outside, which via the solar radiation passes through the transparent / translucent covering of the cover layer (FIG. 13 ) was heated. The thus heated air rose within the gas conducting layer ( 5 ) over the entire facade up to the eaves / ridge or attic (upper façade finish). At the upper end of the façade, below the roof, the solar-heated air was removed from the gas-conducting layer by means of a ventilating ventilation system ( 5 ) transferred to the interior of the building and passed directly to an energetic building system.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

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Claims (45)

Façade panel for producing an energy recovery system, characterized in that the facade panel comprises at least one insulating layer and at least one Gasleitschicht, wherein the facade panel comprises plastic. Facade panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the facade panel is at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 20 wt .-% plastic. Facade panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the one contained in the facade panel Plastic at least one polyolefin, in particular polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and / or cycloolefinic copolymer (COC), Polyalkylene (meth) acrylate, in particular polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Poly (meth) acrylimides (PMMI), polycarbonate (PC), polyisocyanate, polyoxyalkylene, in particular polyoxymethylene (POM), polyesters, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and / or polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate (PEN); Polyether ketone, in particular polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Polyethersulfone (PES), polysulfone (PSU), polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinyl chloride, Polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), polyurethane, polyimide (PI), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA) and / or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers (ABS). Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized the gas-conducting layer comprises a translucent layer. Facade panel according to claim 4, characterized in that the translucent layer has a transmittance of at least 40%, preferably 50% measured according to ASTM D 1003-07 method B. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized the gas-conducting layer is polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyamide (PA), Polyoxymethylene (POM), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyester and / or cycloolefinic copolymer Includes (COC). Façade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the facade panel has a compressive strength of at least 60 N / mm ² , measured according to ASTM C 165-07 method A. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating material has a compressive strength of at least 0.28 N / mm ² , measured in accordance with ASTM C 165-07 method B. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the insulating layer polyurethane, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), poly (meth) acrylimide (PMMI), polyimide (PI) and / or polystyrene includes. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the insulating layer made of plastic fibers, Foams and / or particles comprises. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the insulating layer inorganic particles, in particular Aerogels, xerogels, aerosils and / or fumed silicas, inorganic foams and / or inorganic fibers. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the facade panel has a heat storage element. Facade panel according to claim 12, characterized in that the heat storage element a phase change material (PCM) has. Facade panel according to claim 13, characterized in that the phase change material (PCM) a phase transition at a temperature in the range of 15 ° C to 45 ° C has. Facade panel according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the phase change material (PCM) includes paraffins, fatty acids and salt hydrates. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized the gas-conducting layer has a pressure loss in the range of at most 10 mbar / m. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas-conducting layer comprises channels which have a cross-sectional area in the range of 0.1 to 2500 cm ² , preferably 0.9 to 1000 cm ² . Facade panel according to claim 17, characterized in that the channels substantially are vertically aligned. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the facade panel has at most 4 types of plastic. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the facade panel has a basis weight in the range of 2 to 50 kg / m ² , preferably 3 to 20 kg / m ² . Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the facade panel has a thickness in the range of 0.8 to 50 cm, preferably 5 cm to 25 cm. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the insulating layer has a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 49 cm, preferably 4.5 cm to 20 cm. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized the gas-conducting layer has a thickness in the range from 0.1 to 25 cm, preferably 0.3 cm to 15 cm. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the facade panel is provided with a connection system over the multiple facade panels can be connected together. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the facade panel at the edges have a shape that is an overlapping Allow connection or a bung. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the facade panel with one or more fasteners is provided, over which the facade plate at a building can be attached. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the facade panel at least one fastener or a connection system comprises, which designed form-fitting is, in particular in the form of a tongue and groove system or a clip system. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the facade panel is provided with holes over the facade panel can be attached to a building. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the facade panel comprises a Velcro system over the facade panel with other facade panels and / or a Building can be connected. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the facade panel has a heat transfer coefficient in the range of 0.01 to 3.0 W / (m ² · K) measured in accordance with ASTM C 518-04. Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas-conducting layer has a heat transfer coefficient in the range of 1.0 to 2.9 W / (m ² · K). Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the insulating layer has a thermal conductivity in the range of 0.003 to 0.07 W / (m · K). Facade panel according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized that the ratio of the heat transfer coefficient the insulating layer to the heat transfer coefficient the gas conducting layer in the range of 1: 1.1 to 1: 1000, preferably 1: 5 to 1: 100. System for generating energy, comprising at least a facade panel according to the claims 1 to 33. System according to claim 34, characterized characterized in that the system is an absorption chiller includes. A system according to claim 34 or 35, characterized in that the system is a conduit system for Distribution of hot air in a building includes. System according to at least one Claims 34 to 36, characterized in that the system includes a heat pump. System according to at least one Claims 34 to 37, characterized in that the system includes a latent heat storage. System according to at least one Claims 34 to 38, characterized in that the system a heat exchanger. System according to at least one Claims 34 to 39, characterized in that the system includes a compression refrigeration machine. A method of generating energy comprising heating of air by sun exposure in a gas conducting layer, which with an insulating layer is connected, and the use of the gained Thermal energy. A method according to claim 41, characterized characterized in that the use of heat energy over the use of an absorption chiller is done. A method according to claim 41, characterized characterized in that the use of heat energy over the use of a heat pump takes place. A method according to claim 41, characterized characterized in that the use of heat energy over Piping system for the distribution of hot air in a building he follows. A method according to claim 41, characterized characterized in that the heat energy for the production of Hot water is used.