DE102008024222A1 - Method for supplying of controlled power within power supply area of electric utility for frequency stabilization of electric transmission network, involves connecting uninterrupted power supply system and rectifier system with controller - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves connecting an uninterrupted power supply system and a rectifier system with a controller. Either the or multiple uninterrupted power supply systems and the or multiple rectifier systems are separated by the respective controllers from the transmission network during the demand of positive controlled power in transmission network. The self- energy source of the uninterrupted power supply system and the rectifier system supplies the self energy as controlled power into the transmission network. An independent claim is included for a device for supplying of controlled power with in the power supply area of an electric utility for frequency stabilization of an electrical transmission network.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for providing control power in the energy supply area of an energy provider for frequency stabilization an electrical transmission network in which at least one uninterruptible power supply system, UPS system, and / or at least one rectifier system for uninterruptible DC power supply, GR system, as well as each own power source, such as Battery system, the UPS system and / or the GR system for emergency supply at least one connected to the UPS or to the GR system Load is what an AC and / or a DC consumer according to the preamble of the claim 1. Likewise, the invention relates to a device for implementation of the procedure.

State of the art:

The Control power, reserve power, the frequency stability in an electrical network, requires fast-reacting Power reserves. With the increasing supply of electricity fluctuating, renewable energy sources increase the demand Control power currently only available through fast-controllable power plants is provided. Electricity consumption is constantly changing, but has a cyclical behavior. By this anti-correlation of electricity generation and demand are increasing the voltage and demand Frequency fluctuations in the electrical network. Also the decentralization the power supply by replacing large power plant blocks by small ecological power plants increases the requirements to the transmission network.

The increase in distributed power generation based on various decentralized power plants, such as wind turbines, leads to reduced voltage quality due to the irregular feeds. Transmission system operators, TSOs, who are responsible for the safe and reliable power supply, must maintain control power for the purpose of adjusting power differences. There are currently four TSOs in Germany (EON, Vattenfall Europe, RWE, ENBW), each responsible for the voltage quality of their control area. For the maintenance of the specified voltage quality, the transmission system operators take over the maintenance, servicing and extension of the transmission grids. These requirements are in the directive 50160 , which is to ensure that network users can operate without errors. With decreasing voltage quality, however, the costs for the regulatory effort of reserve maintenance, which are passed on to the grid consumers, increase. The provision of control power today takes place mainly by throttled steam power plants. This mode of operation leads to additional costs in the production of electrical energy.

reserve power depending on the deployment time in primary, secondary and minute reserve split. Primary control reserve must completely within a few seconds to 30 seconds be available for up to 15 minutes. to Time becomes the control power through thermal generating units How steam power plants achieved by throttling the power plant performance. Provision of 5% of power plant capacity for primary control reserve is thus achievable. This mode of operation leads on the one hand Inefficiencies, on the other hand, the Power plants are not driven in full load, as the reserved Power can not be offered on the electricity market. Through this Anticorrelation of power generation and demand increase the voltage and frequency fluctuations in the network. All this leads to additional costs in the creation of electrical energy.

Control power in the transmission network:

For the network frequency maintenance of the electrical grid, reserve power, so-called control power, must be provided, which are necessary to keep the grid frequency stable. Frequency deviations are caused by the difference between the power requirement and the power generation. Unforeseen deviations can be caused by consumers (for example, switching on or off large loads or large events) or by the service providers (for example, power plant outages, extra forecasts or windless wind turbines). Since TSOs themselves generate little or no electricity, the compensation must be achieved through fast control performances. The amount of control power is determined from the power balance and, as in 1 shown regulated by the frequency control.

The Control difference is about the difference of the setpoint, the is the reference variable, from 50 Hz and the actual frequency, the controlled variable, through formed a negative feedback and transmitted to the frequency controller. The frequency control adjusts the corresponding control power the control power plants to obtain the desired frequency. Both influences of the transmission network (route) as well as the difference between basic generation and network load (disturbance variable) cause a change in the controlled variable.

The control power is divided into three levels. The quality and price of the balancing power depends on the time until the delivery; depending on quality, they are in primary control power, Se divided by secondary control power and minute reserve power. From one hour onwards, the respective balancing group administrator (BKV) is responsible for the adjustment of the current account deviation.

Of the Need for control power depends on the number of Energy producers and consumers connected to the grid are. Due to a heavily meshed network are load and generator fluctuations easier to regulate, since they partly compensate themselves. Currently the value of the total reserve power requirement is 7,500 MW as positive and 5,500 MW negative performance. With positive control power is power that is fed into the grid when there is a lack of power and with negative balancing power around the surplus Power that needs to be taken from the grid.

Primary control power:

The Primary control power is responsible for the instantaneous stabilization of the grid frequency of an area at energy imbalances. It is activated at a frequency deviation of +/- 200 mHz. It also compensates for power plant outages to secure. The primary control power is within a few Increase evenly up to 30 seconds, until the entire offered service is available. This power can be delivered for up to 15 minutes and will follow completely replaced by the minute reserve. In order to intervene with frequency fluctuations within seconds can, the frequency control suburb is met. For the provision of technical units for power frequency control the relevant provider of the standard service is responsible. Both the status information, whether the technical units are active are, as well as the actual performance of the generator unit is on the part provide the provider as online information.

Secondary control power:

The actual task of secondary control power is the permanent Compensation of electricity generation and electricity demand in the respective control zone. For large frequency deviations, such as power plant failures, becomes the primary control power in maintaining supports the nominal frequency. The activation of the performance is allowed up to a maximum dead time of 30 seconds, Achieving full power up to five minutes may take. Depending on the energy storage or system can covered up to 60 minutes. The maximum dead time of 30 Seconds allows activation of the technical generator unit via a central control point (ZST) operated by the respective TSO becomes. This power frequency controller determines the power demand (Setpoint) and forwards them using a redundant telecontrol connection to the individual producer units. For the communication unit and the information technology connection with a measured value renewal time less than a second, is the provider of control power responsible.

Minutes Reserve:

For the temporary compensation of frequency deviations within the control zones and to support the secondary control power the minute reserve power is responsible. The to be performed Performance must be ready in full within 15 minutes be. The entire period to be covered may vary depending on the disorder several hours. For a daily call the average need for control power is difficult to estimate. According to the Association of Network Operators (VDN), the need for minute reserve power exceeds 3000 MW.

For the minute reserve is not an automatic frequency control required. If required for minute reserve power will be the appropriate provider notified for deployment by phone. As even with the primary control power, both the status information, whether the technical units are active, as well as the actual performance the producer unit by the provider as online information provide.

The Provision of quickly activatable control reserve power usually takes place by thermal generating units, like steam power plants, by throttling the power plant output. A Provision of 5% of power plant capacity for primary control reserve is thus achievable. These modes of operation lead on the one hand to Wirkungsradeinbußungen, on the other hand, the Power plants should not be driven at full load. Both lead at additional costs in the production of electrical energy.

Purpose of the invention:

purpose The invention is the provision of control power. The provision of balancing power will not in the near future by power plants alone more suffice. Also the costs due to the throttling of power plants for the provision of reserve power increases proportionally with the energy production costs being the biggest Part are dependent on fossil fuels. The use of energy storage can replace this reserve of power plants, where they have to meet appropriate requirements. Energy storage systems can not only provide reserve power, but there are also other uses in the transmission network. With an optimal design It even possible different uses simultaneously cover.

Technical task:

The invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus for providing control power, which should cause a frequency maintenance and improvement of the voltage quality in the power sector and with what costs reduced, relieved power plants and in particular the CO ₂ balance to be improved.

Disclosure of the invention and its Advantages:

The Solution to the problem consists in a method of the beginning mentioned type in that the uninterruptible power supply system, UPS system, and / or the rectifier system, GR system, with a Control unit is connected, and either in demand of positive control power in the transmission network the or several of the uninterruptible power supply systems and / or the one or more of the rectifier systems by the respective control unit be separated from the transmission network, and the own energy source, such as Battery system, the UPS system and / or the GR system, own energy as a control power in the transmission system (TS) feeds, with the load only on the uninterruptible Power supply of the UPS system and / or the GR system from their own energy source continues to be supplied, or in the demand of negative control power by means of the control unit one or more variable loads, load banks, be switched (load shedding method), so that a higher Energy consumption as before the load shedding in the transmission network (ÜN) takes place.

The Invention has a number of salient advantages. By the use of energy storage facilities of control power in the transmission network is particular an improvement in network utilization and quality, an improvement of the control speed and thereby reduction the control power, an improvement in the efficiencies of power plants by Full load operation, a profit by exploiting already existing energy storage potential, improving the economic Utilization of decentralized, structural and distributional conditions, a cost reduction of energy storage systems by using different Areas of application at the same time as well as a reduction of the output of greenhouse gases achieved by relieving power plants.

The Use of existing UPS systems and battery systems for the provision of control power solely through a battery extension and a control unit allows advantageous annual revenue, without the actual function of the UPS systems to restrict or disturb. The specially constructed Battery rooms of the UPS systems are usually oversized. With the provision of control power these spaces be used without further conversion costs for other battery systems. Likewise, companies that used to rely on UPS systems for cost reasons with the income from the provision of balancing power finance the UPS systems.

Not only economic benefits can be achieved by this solution but also benefits for the environment. With the provision of control power by UPS systems, fewer power plants have to be throttled. So they can be driven under full load with a better efficiency. In addition, the rapid provision of control power by battery systems, unlike power plants, reduces the need for control power. Both lead to a reduction in CO ₂ emissions and cost reduction.

In advantageous embodiment of the invention, the transmission network of the utility a network center, which with the respective control unit the UPS system and / or the GR system is connected, the UPS system and / or the GR system via the network control center can be activated and deactivated, and when demand of control power the network center activates the control unit, which at Demand of positive balancing power either the separation of the UPS system and / or the GR system activated by the transmission network or if there is a demand for negative control power, the variable load connecting them.

In further embodiment of the method according to the invention, using two parallel UPS systems with a load switching module connected to the load serves a the two UPS systems constantly via the load switching module to supply the load and only the other of the two UPS systems is used for the delivery of control power by this UPS system disconnected from the transmission network and the intrinsic energy the self-power source of the UPS system via a common-mode / AC inverter is fed as control energy to the transmission network.

A device for the provision of control power in the energy supply area of an energy supplier for frequency stabilization of an electrical transmission network, in which at least one uninterruptible power supply system, UPS system, and / or at least one rectifier system for uninterruptible DC power supply, GR system, and in each case a separate energy source, such as battery system, the UPS system and / or the GR system for emergency supply is at least one connected to the UPS system or to the GR system load, which may be an AC and / or a DC consumer, is characterized in that the UPS system and / or the GR system connected to a control unit is, wherein upstream of the UPS system and / or the GR system, a switch, power switch, is arranged, on which the control unit is able to act and connected to the UPS system and / or the GR system for their elimination or switching and, either upon request of positive control power in the transmission network, the controller opens the switch and disconnects the one or more UPSs and / or the GR system (s) and the self-power source of the UPS system and / or the GR system Self-energy feeds as a control power in the transmission network, the load on the uninterruptible power supply of the UPS system and / or the GR system from their own energy source further v is worried, or switched on the demand of negative control power by means of the control unit one or more variable loads so that a higher energy consumption than before the load shedding takes place in the transmission network.

In Further embodiment of the invention, the transmission network of the utility a network center, which with the respective control unit the UPS system and / or the GR system is connected, the UPS system and / or the GR system via the network control center can be activated and deactivated, and when demand of control power the network center activates the controller, which either the separation of the UPS system and / or the GR system from the transmission network or to enable the variable load.

In Further embodiment of the invention are two parallel UPS systems with a diverter switch module present with the load connected, with one of the two UPS systems constantly over the load switching module serves to supply the load and only the other of the two UPS systems supplies control power by adding these UPS system disconnected from the transmission grid and the intrinsic energy the self-power source of the UPS system via a common-mode / AC inverter is fed into the transmission network.

In Another embodiment of the invention is located in front of those UPS system for the supply of control power a power disconnect switch, which is controlled by the controller, wherein This UPS system is followed by a second switch, which is also over the control unit is driven, wherein the second switch a DC / AC converter is connected downstream, which connected to the transmission network is for feeding the control energy.

In Another embodiment of the invention, the battery system of UPS system (s) and / or rectifier systems for the Delivery of balancing power by a specified number of others Batteries extended.

In Another embodiment of the invention is at least when using a rectifier system for the supply of control power, with a rectifier downstream load, to feed back from control power in the transmission network to the rectifier an inverter is connected in parallel and either is in between arranged the rectifier and its battery system, a switch whose one of the contact paths the battery with the DC load and the other the contact paths the battery connects to the inverter, or both the rectifier and the inverter is a switch upstream, connected to the input of the transmission network is and one of the contact paths with the rectifier and its another of the contact paths is connected to the inverter, wherein the control unit both on the switch and on the Inverter is able to act.

In Another embodiment of the invention is for the generation of control power for feeding into the network, using of at least one UPS system and / or a rectifier system which a load is connected, a variable load, such as load bank, present, which directly connected to the transmission network stands, wherein the UPS system and / or the rectifier system a Mains disconnect switch is connected upstream, and the control unit both on the mains disconnector and on the variable load is capable of separating the UPS system and / or the Rectifier system (GRS) from the transmission network and connection the variable load.

Short name of the drawing, in the demonstrate.

1 a block diagram for the basic generation network load according to the prior art

2 a compilation of network malfunctions IEC 62040-3

3 a UPS system of the prior art in off-line technology

4 a delta inverter of the prior art

5 a parallel-redundant UPS system with common battery according to the state of technology

6 an extended parallel-redundant UPS system with extended battery system according to the invention

7 a rectifier system (GRS) with a supply by an inverter AC / DC with battery for the secure power supply according to the prior art

8th an expanded first rectifier system according to the invention on the basis of the rectifier system of 5

9 an extended second rectifier system according to the invention based on the rectifier system of 5

10 an extended UPS system with load shedding according to the invention

11 a circuit diagram of a power frequency control according to the prior art

12 a circuit diagram of a frequency converter according to the prior art

13 the equivalent circuit of a PID controller according to the prior art

14 a block diagram of an extended large-scale system according to the invention and

15 a block diagram of an extended virtual large plant according to the invention

To the Understanding the invention are the possible applications below for energy storage, rectifier systems, as for Uninterruptible power supply installations, UPS systems, and the thereby used techniques explained. Starting from her Properties lend themselves to energy storage except the provision of control power according to the invention Further applications in electrical networks. It should be clarified that in the following text with the term batteries those are meant which can be charged as well as discharged so-called secondary cells or accumulators.

Load Balancing:

For use the cover of the fluctuating energy demand TSO a load control. This load leveling is in three Divided power plant levels. By switching on and off the corresponding Levels of base, medium and peak load can be longer and larger fluctuations are compensated.

Base load power plants like nuclear power plants cover the basic needs of needed Performance and are rarely turned off; the up or down driving Such systems are also associated with high costs and time. Medium load power plants on the other hand can vary from the performance and if needed be switched off. Because the hourly load of the power grid Foreseeable, hard coal-fired power plants with medium Current development costs through measures such as throttling prematurely adapted to the required performance. Step above the mid-load onward load peaks continue to become peak load power plants activated for peak load coverage. Peak load power plants are within Minutes ready and are otherwise out of order. The high dynamics are the costs of peak load coverage high.

Peak load limitation:

Or a load peak limitation can be carried out. In industrial and commercial enterprises, with correspondingly high performance decrease two values taken into account in the energy supply contract. The related amount of electrical work that exceeds the work price is calculated and the maximum required power that is defined as the performance price. The performance is measured as Mean over a measurement period that depends is designed differently by the energy supplier. Depending on the required Output accounts for approximately 25-50% of the net electricity costs the performance price. Load peaks that occur within a measuring period arise, cause a high average power value, the Performance price determined. With energy storage systems can Peak loads limited and thus costs can be saved.

Emergency power supply:

power outages Both by the TSOs by mistake at the load flow calculation or insufficient control power at load fluctuations than also by consumers due to poor maintenance or errors arise in the electrical installation. The process and manufacturing industry is dependent on emergency power systems to reduce costs and damage to avoid. Also, power plants, data centers, hospitals u. a must be protected from blackouts be.

A Emergency power system must within 15 seconds the needed Provide energy. In case of power failure, the corresponding Consumers are supplied via energy storage. In order to is the prerequisite for the smooth and unrestricted Operation of the facilities guaranteed.

Uninterruptible power supply (UPS):

All UPS systems consist of the same basic circuit of rectifier, Inverter and battery storage. For sensitive equipment is enough an emergency power supply is not enough. To disruptions and crashes To avoid are computer-aided facilities, hospitals and data centers from power outages and network disruptions to protect immediately. For example, overvoltages damage the delicate electronics of computers that can be noticed later.

Battery storage:

energy storage are important components from an economic and technical point of view of the electrical network. Depending on their characteristics will be they used in different applications. In the context of this Invention are particularly battery storage relevant.

Mainly are battery storage systems in the field of electrical energy supply for used the uninterruptible power supply. in principle only lead or nickel cadmium batteries are used for UPS systems in question. The size of the battery storage system is selected according to the load to be protected.

Battery storage systems can be used in conjunction with UPS systems as energy storage be used for transmission networks. In order to is with a battery storage system the use in two application areas possible. Advantages of this design are, both the construction costs as well as the maintenance costs are reduced because either existing UPS systems are used or expanded or in a new plant the construction costs are shared. Also, maintenance costs will be halved since the maintenance of the plant for the particular application can be seen separately. With optimal design of the plant is the Increase in the cycle life and thus the lifetime possible. All UPS systems consist of the same basic circuit of rectifier, Inverter and battery storage.

• • Stufe 1 Abhängigkeit des USV-Ausganges vom Netz
• • Stufe 2 Die Spannungskurvenform des USV-Ausganges
• • Stufe 3 Dynamische Toleranzkurven des USV-Ausganges

In the norm IEC 62040-3 there is a clear classification scheme for UPS systems that distinguishes three levels:

• • Level 1 Dependence of the UPS output on the grid
• • Level 2 The voltage waveform of the UPS output
• • Level 3 Dynamic tolerance curves of the UPS output

The Level 1 is dependent on further classifications (VFD, VI, VFI) from protection against network disturbances and quality the output voltage to the input voltage, divided. The stage 2 arranges the waveform of the output voltage in both modes (first digit network operation, second digit battery operation) in a rather rough pattern an S, X, Y). The maximum allowable dynamic deviations of the UPS output are in stage 3 of the Standard regulated.

Passive Tracking Mode (VFD), 3 :

In the Class 3 UPS system, both the output voltage and the frequency are dependent on the input value (VFD: Voltage and Frequency Dependent); Network disturbances are thereby only partially compensated. VFD UPS systems can only protect against power failures, voltage dips and voltage spikes. VFD UPS systems are UPS systems in passive tracking mode. The off-line or stand-by technique is the simplest form of UPS and has two parallel current paths. In normal operation, the load is supplied via the mains voltage and a changeover switch, with no device for voltage regulation. In 3 is shown for understanding such a UPS system of the prior art. Likewise, the network charges the battery system by means of a charging rectifier. If the voltage is above or below a specified tolerance range, the UPS branch is switched within a few milliseconds, namely from the battery via an inverter and the changeover switch to the load.

at Battery operation is a generation of a sinusoidal AC voltage, due to the cheap inverter, not possible. For devices with inductive Load, such as motors, this technique is not recommended. Off-line UPS systems are not equipped with voltage regulation devices fitted. With fluctuations of the mains voltage this leads to switch to UPS operation and thus the frequent Use of the battery storage. Also the comparably high net reaction is a disadvantage of this technique. The advantages are the high efficiency of almost 100% and the lowest investment costs. Off-line UPS systems will be mostly for single-phase consumers and for services built up to a few kVA. A typical application is the hedge from individual computers.

Active follow-up operation:

In Class 2 UPS systems, the output voltage is independent of the input value (VI: Voltage Independent). VI UPS systems provide protection against power failure, voltage sags, voltage spikes, and under and over voltage. In Active Tracking mode, the UPS branch is always connected to the load and intervenes stabilizing and stress-improving. In the event of a power failure, the inverters can generate an approximate sinusoidal voltage in the form of a trapezoid at the output, depending on the quality. The two most important active tracking systems are: Line Interactive and Delta Inverter.

Line-Interactive:

Line-Interactive also known as Active Stanby, is the extension of passive offline technology. In normal operation is by an automatic voltage regulator (AVR = Automatic Voltage Regulator) regulates the mains voltage. Dependent From the device, the voltage regulation either via the Switching one of the load upstream and after the switch located coarse-grained autotransformer or an AC / AC converter.

Delta converter:

The UPS technology, also called Delta Conversion, uses reversing converters (delta inverters) for voltage regulation in the case of voltage fluctuations with additional inverters. The main difference is that the extension has another inverter that controls the power factor of the output power constant at cosphi = 1. Both inverters have the 4-quadrant property. The transfer of power in both directions is thus given. The first inverter (delta inverter) is designed for 20% of the output current and is used to regulate the output voltage and charge the battery. The second inverter (main inverter) is designed for 100% of the output current and has the same function as the delta inverter. For understanding, such a delta inverter of the prior art in 4 shown.

at Normal operation is the consumer via a line filter powered directly from the mains, being between the mains filter and the Consumer switched the primary coil of a transformer is. If the voltage is lower than the rated voltage, the load on the Main inverter the grid with an additional power. there the delta inverter generates at the secondary coil of the Transformers a higher current, therefore, on the primary side of the transformer, the differential voltage (.DELTA.U) compensated becomes. Thus, the low mains voltage is due to higher power consumption corrected.

at Upper voltage applies the reverse principle. The delta inverter absorbs current through the reverse polarity and the Main inverter feeds the corresponding current. In case of power failure The second inverter switches to UPS operation and the load is powered by the battery via this inverter.

frequency interference can in this operation, as well as in the line interactive Technique, not fixed, as well as frequency interference or surges can not be resolved. Until the next switch back to normal operation pass at least 100 ms, which continues to burden the battery. A shorter useful life of the batteries is the result. The electronic switch does not only switch on network disturbances, but also on Short circuit in the UPS system. But that leads to that the consumers are disconnected from the mains, although the UPS system is defective. An immediate power failure for the connected Consumers are the result.

in the Unlike offline technology, UPS systems are in run-time mode The efficiency slightly worse and higher from the price. But the batteries are spared in case of voltage fluctuations and the output voltage is an approximate sinusoidal voltage.

Permanent converter (VFI):

There are still class 1 UPS systems, namely permanent or double conversion, which are independent of the voltage and the frequency of the input value (VFI: Voltage and Independent) and in which the energy is converted twice. VFI UPS systems protect against all network disturbances IEC 62040-3 ,

Of the Basic structure of a permanent converter consists of battery, DC and Inverter. The rectifier permanently supplies the inverter with it Power and charge the battery. The inverter supplies continuous the consumer with constant sinusoidal AC voltage either through the rectifier or over the battery. This will also connect connected consumers in the event of a power failure permanently without bridging time with sinusoidal AC voltage supplied. The mains voltage and frequency fluctuations are completely corrected by the double conversion and do not need switching to battery operation.

Continuous UPS systems are equipped with manual and electronic bypass to which consumers are switched if the UPS is faulty or needs to be shut down. Disadvantages of the permanent-converter technique are the efficiency which is lower due to double conversion and the complex electronics and in the network perturbations which are produced by thyristor-controlled rectifiers. Also, the price is high according to the technology, but is negligible compared to the cost of a system failure. commitment Areas are almost all single-phase or three-phase consumers.

Redundant UPS systems:

Most of time is enough for critical consumers like power plants or big ones Data centers do not have a UPS for security reasons out. The consequences of a failure or defect during a Power failure would be serious. Every electrical device is equipped with electronics that can fail. Also maintenance and inspection times must be considered. Around to increase the reliability, the so-called (n - 1) Criterion applied. One of the existing UPS systems may fail, without causing a failure or overload of the UPS system leads. The fulfillment of the criterion can be achieved by different interconnections can be achieved.

Cascaded system:

The in the English hot standby system called technique works with UPS systems connected in series one after the other. Normally is the foremost UPS system for protection against network disturbances and failures. The rest are located at rest. Therefore, the technology also becomes standby mode called. If the active system fails, it switches to bypass and the next plant takes over the task.

Of the Construction is easy and inexpensive, as no further Devices are needed. Switching to the next UPS system takes about 2-8 ms. A continuous one Failure protection is thus not guaranteed. there is no If there is load sharing, the UPS must Load jump from 0 to 100% within 8 seconds. The efficiency compared to a UPS system is much higher, because the plants in series run idle.

Parallel operation:

In contrast to the cascaded system, two or more UPS modules are connected in parallel. All are connected to an external load switching module (LUM), which switches to the remaining systems in the event of a system failure. In the 25 this is characterized as a central external switch (ES = External Switch). With special thyristors, which operate in push-pull, an uninterruptible changeover is possible.

With The LUM is also possible to split the load when switching over to reduce large load jumps. In the election of a parallel system are the additional costs for to note the LUM, which is about the same as the price of a UPS module Magnitude corresponds. A perfect protection can do not offer the circuit. The failure of the LUM leads to a failure of the entire system, it does not matter how many UPS modules are connected in parallel. A parallel-redundant UPS system can either consist of at least two UPS modules each a battery system or with a common battery system. The individual UPS modules are equipped with a load switching module connected. For UPS systems with a common battery system all batteries via a busbar to the UPS systems connected. If one of them fails, the remaining UPS systems are over supplies the entire battery system. A short circuit on the battery but leads to complete failure of the entire UPS system. This vulnerability is caused by UPS systems with separate battery system eliminated. If there is a short circuit in one of the battery systems, so the corresponding UPS system is disabled and by the next Plant replaced. This variant offers a larger one Security, but with higher costs.

Master-slave parallel operation:

A real" redundant parallel connection, which for a perfect Resilience serves, offers u. a. General Electric (GE). The circuit is called RPA (redundant parallel architecture). at This configuration will be the UPS systems connected in parallel not controlled by a load switching module.

For the controller is one of the UPS systems responsible. As a master exchanges this with the other systems via a redundant data bus (duplicate) information off, so in case of failure the load is automatically supplied by the remaining UPS can be. If the master fails or the connection gets separated from the master to the whole system, gets another one UPS system's leadership function. This is the load in no case unsecured on the net.

Rectifier systems:

Under A safe rectifier system is understood to be the uninterruptible one DC power supply to DC loads. As well as for AC consumers are offered various systems that selected according to the security class. there is only between the offline mode and the permanent converter mode distinguished, which in contrast to the UPS systems no inverter to have.

Selection of UPS systems:

For the design of a UPS system are 3 Requirements important: Definition of the protection requirements against network disturbances, determination of the power requirement and determination of the autonomy time.

In the electric power grid, various network disturbances can arise; the most important network disturbances for consumers IEC 62040-3 are in the table 2 listed and explained there. These network disturbances occur at different intervals and durations depending on their nature. Against which disturbances the consumers are to be protected depends on the desired reliability. Based on the three classifications IEC standard 62040-3 select the appropriate UPS system.

For the determination and calculation of the power requirement are the data about to absorb the power consumption of the consumers to be protected.

Lie the data as apparent power values in (volt ampere) VA before, can the UPS system for the power and a safety surcharge be designed by about 30%. For critical consumers recommends to take a higher safety charge. Lie the values only for the current consumption, so this is with multiply the supply voltage by the apparent power to investigate. Depending on the reactive power of the protected Load, the power factor may be between 0.5 to 0.7.

Determination of the autonomy time:

The Design of the bridging time in case of power failure, should be chosen so that there is enough time either shut down the loads properly or secondary measures, such as emergency power systems (NEA), to activate. The emergency generators can electrical Generate energy until the fuel in the tank is exhausted. In order to is an emergency power supply of several days possible. In general, diesel generators are because of controllability and the favorable efficiency, especially in the partial load range, preferred as NEA.

In Data centers, the average autonomy is 15 minutes. That's enough to over the server with so-called shutdown programs the Inform users and control the computers down drive. Protecting critical consumers as in power plants the self-supply systems with UPS systems, the bridging times of up to one hour. Or you choose the autonomy time the UPS system after the startup and mains synchronization time of the existing emergency power systems.

Areas of application of UPS systems for the subject of the invention:

The areas of application of UPS systems can be roughly divided into four categories ( European industry association Comité Européen de Constructeurs de Machines Electriques and Electronique de Puissance, CEMEP, 02.12.2005 ). For the provision of control power via UPS systems, only those UPS systems that are designed for high power or have DC consumers can be considered. Thus, the UPS systems used for office applications or for small data centers are not suitable for this application. UPS systems that are installed in power plants, substations or industrial plants yield about 25% of the UPS systems used. They are designed either with large UPS systems for ordinary AC consumers (AC) or with rectifier systems for DC consumers (DC) and thus can also be used as reserve power.

Data centers and transmission stations:

The Overall performance of UPS systems in data centers can up to several MVA. For example, the data center from the Internet AG 1 & 1 in Karlsruhe with four UPS blocks each with 1.1 MVA power and a capacity of 1,700 Ah for a total output rated at 3.3 MVA [1U1]. The fourth battery pack stands as Reserve ready, if in addition to the city stream also one of the battery blocks should fail. In the event of a power failure, the supply takes place all computers initially via three permanent converter UPS systems. The capacity is sufficient for a bridging time from 17 minutes out. If necessary, after the Start-up and mains synchronization time of 17 seconds the UPS blocks by five emergency generators, each with 2.4 MVA power get supported.

The Provision of control power through large UPS systems is according to the invention with a suitable extension easily possible. Because not all data centers with UPS systems are equipped in size by the Connecting several decentralized systems in different locations a high performance achievable. The UPS system should be at least 100 KVA perform. The same applies to transmission stations, which on average designed for about 200 KVA power become.

Transformer and power plants:

In contrast to data centers, power plants and substations also work with DC consumers, who use secure rectifier systems to protect their own demand systems from power failures protect. Both with such UPS systems as with rectifier systems, the provision of regimen power is possible.

Optimum UPS systems for control power:

If a UPS system according to the invention as a control power can be used depends on the overall performance of the protective load. The lower the power, the more individual systems must be interconnected to the required minimum performance according to the prequalification requirements to obtain. UPS systems are usually for a bridging time designed for 15 minutes. Thus, with all UPS systems, starting at one Power of about 100 kVA, with suitable according to the invention Extension and interconnection the provision of control power possible.

at Control power requirement is the energy in the form of three phases AC voltage to feed in the net. For the mains feedback In the case of AC UPS systems, a special reversing converter is necessary which is only offered by some manufacturers. For facilities for DC consumers are sufficient for a suitable inverter in the Compared to the inverter inverter is much cheaper. With other methods, such as the load shedding method, it is also possible to provide control power without mains supply.

Inventive design UPS systems for control power:

UPS systems are designed for the uninterruptible power supply of critical consumers. In order thereby also a provision of control power to achieve without limiting the actual function requires a technical extension, with the technical and structural conditions must be considered. So that both functions are met, the invention Expand battery system. When expanding the battery system pay attention to the dimensioning and the technology of the battery. A permanent power control is only possible with high-capacity batteries Cycle resistance achievable. For the provision of the balancing power within a few seconds to 30 seconds is a frequency measurement and regulation suburb necessary. The power frequency control required devices must be dependent their accuracy and resolution are selected. The communication unit for data exchange both internally and externally is to plan and expand.

Expansion options:

Dependent From the respective voltage form, there are various expansion options for Protection of the actual function and provision of control power at. Redundant UPS systems can be used by UPS systems be used by power converters for the control power. For rectifier systems, the possibility exists with suitable Extension also offer regular service. For the feed An inverter is needed in the electrical network. Is to provide control power without energy recovery is possible by the load shedding method.

Infeed by current converter:

A parallel redundant UPS system with a common or separate battery system consists of at least two parallel UPS modules including batteries, 5 , which are connected to both UPS modules USV1 and USV2 for switching from one module to another module with a load switching module LUM, to which the load hangs. In a two-module system, the second module protects the load when the first module fails.

This UPS system can also be used for the inventive provision of control power without compromising the actual function. The UPS system of 5 must be for this application according to the 6 be extended with other devices that are bold lined, namely an extension of the battery system of USV2 or USV1 or both. According to 6 the UPS 2 is preceded by a switch-disconnector S1 with mains input. In the network control center there is a control unit, which is connected to a first switch-disconnector S1 and is able to act on these to the circuit. Downstream of the control unit is a second switch S2, followed by a converter or current converter / inverter, to which in turn the network is connected. The UPS2 is connected both to the LUM and via the second switch S2 to the power converter and then to the mains. To distinguish the different lines, the utility services are lined and the communication lines shown in dashed lines. The arrows show, according to the consumer counting arrow system, the flow direction of the stream and the transmission direction of the information.

Controller:

The control unit, 6 , is the most important device among the advanced devices. It is responsible for the communication for the internal devices of the UPS system and the network control center. In addition, the control unit transmits control commands to the switch-disconnectors S1, S2 of the UPS system in the event of a control power requirement. Out 6 It can be seen that the control unit both with the power supply, the two USV1 and USV2, as well as with the Switches S1 and S2, as well as with the LUM, and communicates with the power converter.

Switch-disconnector S1:

Of the first switch-disconnector S1 is used due to activation of the UPS module UPS2 to provide the control power. For that you have to they are disconnected from the mains and switched to battery operation. With a switch 2, a thyristor switch S2, the connection created by the UPS module USV2 to the power converter and thus enables the power supply. This may only happen if the control unit has the appropriate Command issued. The inverter / inverter allows this Feeding a sinusoidal AC voltage into the electrical Interconnected network through the current reversal function.

Battery extension:

The Battery extension of the USV2, and / or the USV1, is for designed the extreme case, so that after or when providing the Control power enough energy is available to the load to be able to supply. The interpretation is both for positive as well as negative control power. at For a 100 kVA plant, this corresponds to 100 kVA each for 15 minutes.

Functional procedure:

As long as according to the circuit 6 , no control power is required, the extended UPS system operates in normal operation. Only when the control unit receives a control command from the internal network control does one of the UPS modules USV1 or USV2 take over the task of providing the control power. The amount of control power required is transmitted to the control unit by the frequency power controller (not shown) of the network control center. The control unit checks via the query of the UPS module whether this service can be provided and confirms the availability of the internal network control center. Only if a certain minimum capacity is exceeded and all UPS modules are functional can a module for the provision of control power be activated. For this, the corresponding UPS module, here UPS2, is disconnected from the mains via the switch S1 and switched over to battery operation. Subsequently, the switch S2 switches the UPS module USV2 to the power converter. Depending on the frequency, the power fed in is changed by the inverter of the power converter. Either the analog signal can be taken directly from the frequency line controller or forwarded via the control unit.

The Consumers should despite the invention Extension protected against all incidents. A simultaneous failure of the power supply, a UPS module and a reserve power requirement must not lead to a failure of the Systems lead. If the extreme case occurs, switches the controller turns both switches S1 and S2 off and on the extension. Subsequently, the consumer can talk about the entire UPS system are supplied. It thus consists in accordance with the invention Extension no danger to the consumer. So that Control power can still be provided, sends the control unit at the same time a signal to the internal network center, the one UPS module of another UPS system activated.

Control power:

The amount of control energy that is available depends on the size of the inverter of the UPS system. The inverters are dimensioned according to the load to be secured, whereby the extension of the battery system is only possible up to a certain size. The expansion of the battery systems is to be interpreted at least in the extreme case, for example in the case of a control power requirement and a subsequent power failure. The design of the inverter, 6 , refers to the maximum control power to be provided.

Infeed by inverter, 7 :

Rectifier systems (GRS) according to the 7 for the safe power supply can also be used for the provision of control power. The grid is connected to an AC / DC rectifier to which the load is directly connected as a DC load. For buffering in case of power failure, the battery system is as in 7 shown responsible, which is also connected to the AC / DC converter. For the extension according to the invention, there are two possibilities to be selected according to the safety factor and the installation costs. From the construction they differ only from the installation of the switch, otherwise the same components are needed.

Inverter:

With the inverters the required control power into the Mains powered, while the DC voltage is back in AC voltage transformed. The dimensioning is based on the maximum feed-in power select.

Controller:

As with the UPS systems 6 - is the control unit for the communication with the internal devices of the rectifier system and the mains central in charge. In addition, with control power demand from the control unit, the control commands are transmitted to the appropriate devices.

Battery:

The Battery extension is for the desired control power to be interpreted only by the premises and in terms of the cost limits are set.

Switch S1:

According to the 8th If a thyristor switch S1 connects, either the inverter AC / DC with the battery system variant 1; or according to the 9 the inverter is connected to the grid, variant 2, so that mains supply is possible. This may only happen if the control unit issues the corresponding control command.

variant 1 . 8th :

For this purpose, according to the 8th both the AC / DC rectifier and the inverter AC / DC arranged in parallel are connected to the grid as the arrow connections indicate, so that the inverter is able to feed AC / DC energy into the grid. The expansion of the plant according to 7 added devices are outlined in bold. The rectifier AC / DC receives energy from the grid, the inverter can, as described below, output power (control power) in the network. At the rectifier AC / DC, the DC load hangs; at the same time the rectifier AC / DC is connected via the switch S1 for charging the battery / battery system with this. In case of power failure, the battery system is supplied in the in 8th shown switch position of the switch S1, the DC load. Under normal circumstances, the DC load is connected both to the rectifier AC / DC and via the switch S1 to the battery / battery system.

Becomes Control power is needed, so gives the network control one Switching pulse in the control unit, which with both the Switch S1 is also connected to the inverter AC / DC, Thus, the load DC load by means of the switch S1 of the Battery disconnected and only via the rectifier AC / DC supplied by the network. The inverter AC / DC will be in the same moment connected to the battery by means of the switch S1 and now feeds the battery system battery / battery energy, control power, ins Network. If the current or the grid fails at this moment, Thus, the switch S1 switches the battery / battery system on the load around.

at This variant is to make sure that in case of a fault on the switch S1 either no control power or no secure power supply over the Battery system is guaranteed. This problem can be caused by corresponding bypass connections are solved. Furthermore is to be expected when switching with switching times, the unfavorable Case lead to failures of some 1-10 ms can. For the battery extension offers a higher protection against failures.

Variant 2, 9 :

Variant 2 is also based on the basic circuit of 7 , where the extended devices are also outlined in bold. Compared to variant 1, the switch S1 is arranged in front of the DC and AC / DC inverters, the rest of the structure of the components is similar to that of the 8th , As long as there is no need for power to be fed into the grid, the switch S1 is connected to the rectifier; the rectifier AC / DC or the battery / battery system supply the DC load.

If the control unit via the network center control power requirement in the network, switch S1 switches from the rectifier to the inverter. This disconnects the rectifier from the grid and the inverter AC / DC feeds via the battery / battery system Energy into the net. Meanwhile, the DC load is also over the battery system battery / battery supplied. Falls during the Energy supply from the grid, the inverter switches off For safety reasons; the load will continue from the Battery supplied.

One Error at the switch leads to the disconnection of the connection Network to the rectifier or to the inverter. Again, through a suitable bypass will be helped. Unlike the first Variant 1 is due to the continuous supply of the DC load with no switching times, since the DC load is constantly on the battery system battery / battery hangs.

Control power:

in the Compared to the UPS system is the maximum control power to be provided not dependent on the rectifier system. Thus it is possible depending on the space and the construction costs to choose the battery capacity freely. The inverter for the grid feed is then for designed the maximum possible control power.

Load shedding method, 10 :

All UPS (UPS) and rectifier systems (GRS) for the safe power supply can be determined using the load shedding method for the Er generation of balancing power to be fed into the grid. The necessary devices for the extension are in the 10 again in Fettumrandung, namely a switch S1, a battery extension of the UPS or the GRS, a variable load and a control unit. According to the 10 the input of the switch S1 is connected to the mains, the output of the switch S1 is connected to the UPS system / rectifier system together with its battery / battery system; The load is connected to the output of the UPS system / rectifier system. The network center is in turn placed on the control unit whose output is connected to the switch S1 to activate the same. Likewise, the battery system is connected to the control unit. By using the battery system and the load, unlike the last expansion ( 9 ) no energy feed into the grid needed. If positive balancing power must be provided, the consumer is disconnected from the grid. By separating the load from the grid, the network is relieved. A discharge in this case can be set equal to an infeed. During load shedding, the load must be supplied by the battery system.

Likewise, a negative control power can be generated 10 , which is achieved by connecting a variable load. The network is directly connected to the variable load, which is bidirectionally connected to the controller. As with the previous solutions, the controller is in accordance with the 10 responsible for communication with the network control center. The connection of the variable load (pumped storage water plants, load banks, partially charged battery systems, etc.) by opening the switch S1 when a negative control power is required is also taken over by the control unit. For the provision of negative control power thus serves the variable load, which removes more energy from the network through their connection, the connection of another load and thus increases the burden.

at The need for positive control power, however, is the switch S1 responsible for disconnecting the load from the consumer. This load shedding indirectly feeds energy into the grid, because less is sourced from the grid.

The Battery extension, bold edged, the battery system is for increase the autonomy time by 15 minutes, so that when needed for positive control power the load is disconnected from the grid and can be supplied by the battery system. The extension relates only on the positive control power. The negative control power is provided via the variable load. With the extension is even after the provision of the control power enough energy available to supply the load in case of power failure.

Procedurally, Normally the consumer is using the UPS system with connected to the electrical network. If the mains frequency drops below 49.99 Hz, is to generate positive control power. By switching to Battery operation disconnects the load from the grid and the grid becomes relieved. A discharge corresponds to an injection of the same Power. In the case of too high a frequency, the network is stronger to charge. The variable load increases the load depending the frequency and thus produces negative control power.

in the Unlike the UPS system, only the height is more positive Control power depends on the power of the inverter. The battery extension must be designed according to this power. negative Control power can vary depending on the power of the load bank or the variable Load can be provided at any time.

The extension according to the 10 is easily possible on all standard UPS systems, even on UPS systems and rectifier systems. Control power can be provided without direct intervention in the UPS system and without mains supply. This eliminates the special power converter. The battery system is only to be designed for positive control power. This eliminates the battery expansion for the negative control power also. The Negative Regulator Load Bank can be installed either at the location of the UPS or directly at the internal grid.

For the provision and provision of negative balancing power variable loads needed. As well as for the positive Reserve power is the minimum supply size for negative primary control power at 10 MW. For example can with the interconnection of 3 load banks with a respective capacity of 4 MW 12 MW reserve power become. Each with its own control room, the Resistors either suburb or via a remote control to be activated. The load can be between 1 kW and 10 MW can be varied.

Extended battery system:

Not All lead battery types can be used for control power. It is also to be examined to what extent the battery system expands and which part of it can be held as a standard benefit. Batteries designed for control power must demonstrate a high cycle stability. Depending on the application is determined by cycle life, lifetime, maximum capacity, Maintenance and costs selected.

For battery systems for UPS systems with feed, the electrical energy at any time take and leave, an appropriate working point has to be chosen. To ensure that positive and negative balancing power can be stored in the same amount, the batteries must not be charged via the operating point. The absorption and release of positive and negative energy in the same amount is possible. The entire battery system must be able to fulfill both functions.

Around to provide a multiple of the total output of the system as a regular service Rectifier systems are to be selected. In contrast to the UPS systems, rectifier systems have no technical restriction. Depending on the room and the desired control power becomes the extension designed. As with the UPS system, the discharge current is off taken from the discharge table of the corresponding battery. Rectifier systems are usually designed with an autonomy of at least 60 minutes. Higher autonomy allows a higher level of autonomy Use of the existing battery system for control power.

Battery extension for load shedding procedure:

At the Load shedding method is unlike the previous solutions no control power output from the battery. The battery extension is therefore to be interpreted only for the positive control power. Due to the load shedding is in all UPS systems and rectifier systems the maximum control power depends on the load; the minimum power for the extension is on the number of strands dependent. For more than one strand can be added by adding further strands the optimal extension for Be designed control power.

Power frequency regulation, 11 :

The power frequency control takes place as in power plants, in which case the steam mass flow is not throttled, but the performance is controlled with appropriate devices. The block diagram in 11 shows a simple standard control loop of the prior art, consisting of power frequency controller, controlled system with at the output of the same negative feedback of the actual value for controlling the frequency and after the controlled system a frequency converter that provides the actual value. The value to be controlled results from the difference between the specified value (setpoint) and the measured frequency (actual value). The individual blocks are briefly explained.

Should- and Actual value: The primary control power is according to the Transmission codes up to a frequency of ± 200 mHz continuously auszuregeln. The rated frequency of 50 Hz must be selected as the setpoint. The dead band in which the technical devices including the primary control devices of technical Reasons can not provide primary control power, is ± 10 mHz. With the consideration of Presets are the values between 49.8 Hz to 49.99 and 50.01 Hz to 50.2 Hz.

The measured setpoint is to be transmitted as a direct current signal to the power frequency controller. Frequency transformers are used to transform and separate a frequency into an impressed DC and DC signal. The evaluation and the conversion takes place in a microcontroller. As in 12 represented the measured variable reaches the microcontroller via a voltage converter, which serves for galvanic isolation. For a live zero output, e.g. B. 4-20 mA instead of 0-20 mA, as well as strongly fluctuating nominal voltage and fluctuating frequency ranges an auxiliary power is required. The measuring range is to be selected between 49.8 and 50.2 Hz. The accuracy of the frequency measurement must be below ± 10 mHz. A sampling of the frequency below one second should be sufficient for the frequency control.

at a battery system that operates according to the load shedding method, gives an inaccuracy of ± 9.5 mHz in one frequency range 200 mHz resolution of 22 steps. The control power is continuously 0-30 seconds on demand as needed to increase the entire offered control capacity. Thus are 30 steps are needed for 30 seconds. With the interconnection of 100 kW battery systems to a total capacity of 10 MW can 100 steps to be driven. Then this is the reformed Measuring signal for power frequency control to the corresponding controller to hand over.

Power frequency controller:

For the fast power frequency control is according to the 13 a controller with proportional P-component (upper square in 13 ), integral I share (mean square in 13 ), and D-component differential fraction, PID controller (lower square in 13 ) required. For a PID controller, all terms are as in 13 shown connected in parallel. The P component is for multiplying the input value by a predetermined value (KP), the I component is for the control deviation reduction, and the D component is for improving the control speed. The parameters of the respective components are to be determined by a simulation of the controlled system.

Controlled system:

As a general rule belong to a controlled system all devices and Connections that lie between the controller and the measurement and thus affecting the regulation. In the frequency power control With UPS systems, the controlled system consists of the inverter or from the converter and the entire interconnected network. A simulation This route is difficult for this reason, but is for the design of the parameters of the controller necessary.

Communications Unit:

The Communication from the providers of the standard service to the corresponding TSOs via closed connection via the Telephone network. The data transfer rate may be at least 64 kbps. The type of information transfer decide the individual TSOs themselves. For the transmission the status information from the facility of the provider to the network control center E.ON Energie AG uses its own software. The communication in the unit of delivery depends on the type of installation.

The Provision of regimen power is provided by a large battery system not always possible. By interconnecting several UPS or rectifier systems to a network pool can provide the needed Minimum size for control power also with smaller UPS systems can be achieved. The minimum size 100 kVA per UPS system should not be undercut. Both variants have a communication link to the corresponding TSOs mandatory. The communication units to the network centers are from the control service provider.

Large-scale plant, 14 :

UPS systems that can provide at least a control output from 20 MW, do not require networking with other UPS systems for carrying out the invention. The erfindungsnotwendigen parts are in the 14 namely, a control unit SG, frequency power controller FR, Frequnzmessung FM, which are interconnected and a battery extension Bat.Erw. the battery system of the UPS, which communicates with the control unit and to which the load hangs. For the transmission of the status information and the actual power to the network control center of the corresponding TSO, a communication unit is to be installed on the system, the control unit SG. The control unit SG is responsible for communication within the extended UPS system. Control signals from the frequency power controller FR are routed via the control unit SG to the inverter, to the converter or to the load bank. The switchover of the UPS system from UPS operation to control power operation is also carried out via the control unit SG. The frequency measurement FM and the frequency power controller FR can be installed on the same site UPS system. A small transmission distance results in a shorter transmission time. The components to be expanded on the UPS system are in 14 outlined in bold. The provision of the control power by the load shedding method is not possible with only one UPS system for technical control reasons. Control power is to be provided according to the deviation of the frequency. With a single UPS system, only two positions can be realized with the load shedding method.

Virtual large-scale plant, 15 :

UPS systems or rectifier systems are very rarely designed for power ratings above 10 MVA. In order to achieve the required minimum power of ± 10 MW with systems from 100 KVA onwards, several systems can be interconnected to form a large virtual plant 15 is shown. At different locations 1, 2, ..., n is in each case a UPS system, designated UPS, with downstream load, with a connected to the UPS battery system, each with a battery extension, designated Bat.Erw. , is extended; otherwise, the large-scale virtual plant is built as the large-scale plant of 14 , The individual UPS systems 1, 2,..., N are each connected via a control unit SG to a main control unit HSG of an internal network center of the network pool, which in turn is connected to the network center ÜNB. This means that all UPS systems are connected to the internal network control center. The connection can be made with a broadband digital Internet connection over the telephone network (DSL = Digital Suscriber Line). The frequency measurement and thus also the frequency control takes place in the internal network control center. The control signals from the frequency power controller are continuously transmitted to the control units of the individual UPS systems 1, 2, ..., n. The fast data transmission and the immediate provision of the control power enables compliance in the prescribed period without any on-site regulation. The internal network control receives feedback about the status and the actual power of the UPS systems directly from the corresponding control units SG. The status information is forwarded from the internal network control center to the network control center of the TSOs. Due to the control and regulation in the internal network control center, only one control unit for the communication is necessary at the locations. If necessary, the load banks can also be set up at the network control center. The regulation in the network control center eliminates further expansions at the individual locations. With the load shedding method Thus, the UPS systems 1, 2, ..., n only to supplement with another battery system and the control unit SG, as in 10 is shown.

The internal network center is the control and communication link the entire plant. It can be used both by appropriate devices, through software or a combination of hardware and software to be created. As with the control unit, the control and communication link designed specifically for this feature be. So not in case of a defect or failure of the internal network the entire control power fails, is the internal network control center build parallel redundant.

Optimal design of UPS systems for Control power:

Under the various expansion options that offers Load shedding method the most advantages. Without in the function The UPS system is except a battery supplement and a control unit no further extensions to the UPS systems make. Almost all UPS systems can handle this Technology can be expanded and interconnected in the network. Furthermore allows interconnection the measurement and control the control power in the internal network control center. Another advantage is that the establishment of an internal network center at large virtual plants only once is necessary.

Industrial Applicability:

For the network frequency maintenance of the corresponding transmission network must reserve power, reserve power, be provided. By the use of energy storage systems can control services be kept. A comparison of energy storage technologies with their advantages and disadvantages as well as other possible uses shows that according to the invention battery storage systems best suited for the provision of balancing services are. By using already installed battery systems In UPS systems can with appropriate technology both the actual function meets as well as the needed Regular services are provided. This will be with a UPS system covered two areas of responsibility, with the actual function continues is fulfilled. The technical requirements for the provision of control power is with different types of UPS systems and to expand accordingly. For the profitability analysis is the ratio from the calculated construction and operating costs with the revenues from the provision of balancing power.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• - EN50160 [0003]
• - IEC 62040-3 [0030]
• - IEC 62040-3 [0054]
• - IEC 62040-3 [0065]
• - IEC 62040-3 [0077]
• - IEC standard 62040-3 [0077]
• - European Association of Manufacturers of Electrical and Electronic Machines of the Puissance, CEMEP, 02.12.2005 [0082]

Claims (10)

Method for the provision of control power in the energy supply area of an energy supplier for frequency stabilization of an electrical transmission network (ÜN), in which at least one uninterruptible power supply system, UPS system, and / or at least one rectifier system for uninterruptible DC power supply, GR system, and each having its own energy source, such as Battery system, the UPS system and / or the GR system for emergency supply of at least one connected to the UPS system or to the GR system load, which may be an AC and / or a DC consumer, characterized in that the uninterruptible Power system (UPS) and / or the rectifier system (GR system) is connected to a control unit (SG), and either in the demand of positive control power in the transmission network (ÜN) one or more of the uninterruptible power supply systems and / or one or more of the Rectifier systems are separated by the respective control unit (SG) from the transmission network (ÜN), and the self-energy source of the UPS system and / or the GR system feeds its own energy as a control power in the transmission network (ÜN), the load only through the uninterruptible power supply of the UPS system and / or the GR system from their own energy source is further supplied, or in the demand of negative control power by means of the control unit one or more variable loads, load banks, switched on (load shedding method), so that a higher energy consumption than before the load shedding takes place in the transmission network (ÜN). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the transmission system (ÜN) of the energy supplier a network center (NZ-TSO), which with the respective Control unit connected to the UPS system and / or the GR system is where the UPS system and / or the GR system via the network center (NZ-TSO) can be activated and deactivated, and at Demand of control power the network control center the control unit (SG) activated, which in case of demand of positive control power either the separation of the UPS system and / or the GR system from the transmission network (ÜN) activated or in case of demand of negative control power the variable load switches on. The method of claim 1 or 2 using of two parallel UPS systems with a load switching module, which is connected to the load, characterized in that one of both UPS systems constantly via the load switching module to supply the load and only the other of the two UPS systems is used for the supply of control power by this UPS system disconnected from the transmission network and the intrinsic energy the self-power source of the UPS system via a common-mode / AC inverter is fed as control energy to the transmission network. Device for providing control power in the energy supply area of an energy provider for frequency stabilization an electrical transmission network (ÜN), in which at least one uninterruptible power supply system, UPS system, and / or at least one rectifier system for uninterruptible DC power supply, GR system, as well as in each case a separate energy source, such as battery system, the UPS system and / or the GR system for emergency care at least a load connected to the UPS or the GR system (Consumer), which is an AC and / or a DC consumer can be, characterized, that the UPS system and / or the GR system connected to a controller (SG) is, wherein before the UPS system and / or the GR system, a switch (S1, S2), power disconnect switch, is arranged, on which the control unit (SG) is capable of acting and with the UPS system and / or connected to the GR system for their elimination or activation, and either when there is a demand for positive control power in the transmission network (ÜN) the control unit (SG) opens the switch (S1, S2) and the one or more UPS systems and / or the one or more GR systems disconnects from the mains, and the self-power source of the UPS system and / or of the GR system own energy as a control power in the transmission network (ÜN) feeds, with the load on the uninterruptible Power supply of the UPS system and / or the GR system from their Own energy source is supplied, or in demand of negative control power by means of the control unit a or several variable loads are switched (load shedding method) so that a higher energy consumption than before the load shedding takes place in the transmission network (ÜN). Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the transmission network (ÜN) of the power supplier has a network center (NZ-TSO), which is connected to the respective control unit of the UPS system and / or the GR system, wherein the UPS system and / or the GR system can be activated and deactivated via the network control center (NZ-TSO), and in the case of demand for control power, the network center activates the control unit (SG), which either disconnects the UPS system and / or the GR system from the transmission network (ÜN) to enable or the variable load zuzuschalten is able. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two parallel UPS systems with a load switching module are present, which is connected to the load is, with one of the two UPS systems constantly over the load switching module serves to supply the load and only the others of the two UPS systems can deliver control power is, by this UPS system disconnected from the transmission network and the intrinsic energy of the self-energy source of the UPS system over a common-mode to AC inverter in the transmission network is fed. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that that in front of those UPS system for the supply of control power Mains disconnector (S1) is located, via the control unit (SG) is controlled, this UPS system a second switch (S2), which is also via the control unit (SG), wherein the second switch is a DC / AC inverter is connected downstream, which is connected to the transmission network is to feed the control energy. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery system of the UPS system / n and / or rectifier systems for the delivery of Control power by a predetermined number of additional batteries is extended. Device according to one of claims 4 to 8, when using at least one rectifier system for the supply of control power, with a rectifier (AC / DC) downstream load, characterized in that the return feed from control power to the transmission network to the rectifier (AC / DC) an inverter (DC / AC) is connected in parallel and either between the rectifier (AC / DC) and its battery system Switch (S1) is arranged, one of the contact paths the battery with the DC load and the other of the contact paths the battery connects to the inverter, or both the rectifier (AC / DC) and the inverter (DC / AC) upstream of a switch (S1) is connected to the input of the transmission network and whose one of the contact paths with the rectifier (AC / DC) and the other one of the contact paths with the inverter (DC / AC) connected is the control unit both on the Switch as well as acting on the inverter is capable. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized that for the generation of control power for feeding into the network, using at least one UPS (UPS) and / or a rectifier system (GRS) to which a load is connected is, a variable load, such as load bank, exists, which directly communicating with the transmission network, the UPS system (UPS) and / or the rectifier system (GRS) a power disconnect switch (S1) is connected upstream, and that the control unit both to act on the mains disconnector (S1) as well as on the variable load is capable of disconnecting the UPS system (UPS) and / or the rectifier system (GRS) from the transmission network and switching on the variable load.