CN215870773U - Dd0-y11 induction filter transformer - Google Patents
Dd0-y11 induction filter transformer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A Dd0-y11 induction filter transformer comprises a grid side winding, a valve side winding and a filter winding, wherein the grid side winding is connected with an alternating current power grid, is composed of three-phase windings and adopts a delta connection method; the valve side winding is connected with the load converter valve, consists of three-phase windings and adopts a star connection method of neutral point grounding; the filter winding is connected with the filter device, is composed of three-phase windings and adopts a delta connection method; the filter system of the transformer is connected to one side of the filter winding, and the filter winding is designed to have zero equivalent impedance so as to have zero impedance to the specified subharmonic. The transformer is verified by a simulation test, so that the harmonic suppression effect can be effectively improved, and meanwhile, the space and the comprehensive cost are saved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of power systems, in particular to a Dd0-y11 induction filter transformer.
Background
The electric energy is the life pulse of national economy and people's life, and is one of the important marks for measuring the development level and comprehensive national strength of a country. With the wide application of power electronic equipment with nonlinear characteristics in a power grid, the voltage and current waveforms of the power grid are distorted, the harmonic pollution of the power grid is serious, and the reactive power demand is increased day by day. With the construction of a strong smart power grid which is safe, reliable, clean, efficient and adjustable in self-healing, the requirements of China on improving the quality of electric energy and purifying the power grid are gradually improved while the electric energy demand of industrial production, society and people life is met, and the harmonic suppression technology of the power grid becomes a research hotspot of science and technology workers. At present, the power filtering technology mainly comprises a passive filtering technology, an active filtering technology, a hybrid filtering technology and an inductive filtering technology.
The passive power filtering technology is the earliest, the most extensive and the most mature harmonic suppression technology applied in the field of power systems at present, but still has the following defects: the passive filter only has a filtering function on specific times of harmonic waves, and has an unobvious filtering effect on other times of harmonic waves, even the phenomenon that the harmonic content is increased possibly occurs; the influence of the impedance parameters of the power grid system on the filtering effect of the passive filter is large; the stability of the parameters is poor, the filtering parameters are easily influenced by an operation site and the environment, and particularly, the capacitance parameters are easy to drift along with the time, so that the tuning frequency of the passive filter is shifted, and the filtering effect is influenced; the passive filter cannot fundamentally solve the problems of increased heating, increased vibration, increased loss and the like caused by harmonic current and reactive current to power supply equipment such as a transformer and the like.
The active filtering technology is a novel power electronic device for dynamically inhibiting harmonic waves and compensating reactive power, and can compensate harmonic waves with changed sizes and frequencies and reactive power with changed sizes and frequencies. However, the active filter is limited by the capacity of the high-power turn-off component, has high cost and complex control, and is difficult to be applied to harmonic suppression occasions with high voltage and high power.
The hybrid power filtering technology is a technology in which an active filter and a passive filter are combined through a certain reasonable topological structure and then are used in a hybrid mode. At present, the method mainly stays in the application of the middle and low voltage field, and is rarely applied to the high voltage field, mainly because the high-power full-control power electronic device has smaller capacity and higher price cost.
The inductive filtering technology is a novel filtering mode different from passive filtering and active filtering technologies, has the advantages of low cost, reliable operation, application in the high-voltage and high-capacity field and the like of the passive filtering technology, has a filtering effect superior to that of the passive filtering technology, and can reduce heating, loss, vibration, noise and the like caused by harmonic waves and reactive power to direct-current power supply equipment. The transformer integrated filtering theory provides an effective harmonic wave treatment method for the high-voltage large-capacity field and the field in which the space is strictly controlled, actively promotes the development of novel electrical equipment and power filtering technology, and has important research significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a Dd0-y11 induction filter transformer which is designed by adopting a Dd0-y11 connection group and an induction filtering technology, wherein a transformer winding is specially designed, the equivalent impedance of the filter winding is approximately 0 and is far smaller than that of a network side winding, and a full-tuning filter branch circuit is matched, so that the harmonic wave on the load side can be effectively restrained from being transmitted to the network side through the transformer, and the harmonic magnetic potential of the transformer is counteracted.
A Dd0-y11 induction filter transformer, characterized by:
the transformer adopts a three-winding structure and comprises a grid side winding, a valve side winding and a filter winding, wherein the grid side winding is connected with an alternating current power grid, is composed of three-phase windings and adopts a triangular connection method; the valve side winding is connected with the load converter valve, consists of three-phase windings and adopts a star connection method of neutral point grounding; the filter winding is connected with the filter device, is composed of three-phase windings and adopts a delta connection method;
the filter system of the transformer is connected to one side of the filter winding, and the filter winding is designed to have zero equivalent impedance so as to have zero impedance to the specified subharmonic.
Furthermore, the filter winding is connected into 5, 7, 11 and 13 times of fully-tuned filter devices by adopting a delta connection method so as to solve 6k +/-1 times of harmonic waves generated on the load side.
Furthermore, the voltage of the grid side is 35kV three-phase voltage, the load side is connected with a six-pulse bridge rectifier load, the frequency is 50Hz, and the connection group Dd0-y11 is connected; the valve side adopts star connection, and the voltage is 0.149 kV; the filter winding side adopts triangle connection, and the voltage grade is 0.4 kV. Rated direct current 2832A, voltage 198.24V.
The utility model achieves the following beneficial effects: the Dd0-y11 induction filter transformer is provided, and simulation tests prove that the harmonic suppression effect can be effectively improved, and meanwhile, the space and the comprehensive manufacturing cost are saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a network-side wiring diagram of the Dd0-y11 inductive filter transformer in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a valve-side wiring diagram of the Dd0-y11 inductive filter transformer in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side filter side winding diagram of the Dd0-y11 inductive filter transformer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a winding layout diagram of the Dd0-y11 inductive filter transformer in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a main circuit topology structure diagram of an industrial filtering system based on an inductive filtering technology under a harmonic load in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of an example of the testing of the inductive filter transformer according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a test of a load portion of an inductive filter transformer in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a filter portion test of an inductive filter transformer in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph of a 1260KVA, Dd0, yn11 simulation model of an inductive filter transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing simulated grid-side voltage, current and valve-side current waveforms of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a diagram of the valve-side current distortion rate of the transformer simulation in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a graph of net-side current distortion rate of transformer simulation in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the utility model is further explained in detail by combining the drawings in the specification.
The inductive filtering mechanism can be described as: when harmonic current flows from a harmonic source into a secondary side (load side) winding of the induction filter transformer, corresponding harmonic current is induced in the filter winding to counteract the generation of the harmonic, and no harmonic current is induced in a primary side of the transformer, namely a grid side winding, namely a power grid side.
From the foregoing inductive filtering mechanism, it is known that the key condition for implementing the inductive filtering technology is that the total harmonic impedance of the filtering branch is zero, which requires two aspects: the equivalent impedance of the filter winding of the transformer is zero or approximately zero in the manufacturing process of the novel transformer; the filtering branch is connected with a full tuning branch to precisely perform resonance filtering on a specific subharmonic, and the two aspects are respectively explained in detail in the following.
Designing the zero equivalent impedance of the filter winding: equivalent impedance Z of transformer network side, filter side and valve side1、Z2、Z3Calculating according to the equivalent leakage reactance among the windings to obtain:
fig. 4 shows the winding arrangement of a concentric winding anti-harmonic transformer. By reasonably configuring the structural parameters and considering the cost rationality analysis of the transformer design, the equivalent impedance of the filter winding can be controlled to approach zero and equal values.
And (3) full-tuning design of a matched filtering system: in order to realize zero total harmonic impedance on the filtering side of the novel transformer, on the premise that a filtering winding meets the design of zero equivalent impedance, a full-tuning filtering system is matched to carry out accurate resonance on specific subharmonics.
Fig. 5 shows an industrial filtering system based on the inductive filtering technology, which employs a novel inductive filtering three-winding transformer with filtering windings, and a full-tuning filtering device and a parallel capacitor bank are connected to a filtering branch. Harmonic waves generated at the load side are suppressed nearby in the transformer filtering branch, the electromagnetic environment inside the iron core is greatly improved, the iron core loss, the additional loss and the like are reduced, and the insulation difficulty and the insulation cost of a transformer net side winding are reduced. It can be seen that the filter device is not directly connected to the ac network side and therefore is not affected by the system impedance, and the quality factor of the filter can theoretically reach infinity. Meanwhile, the filter has a reactive compensation effect, and the reactive compensation capacitor bank can be used as a backup under the condition of reasonable design of compensation capacity.
The design of the transformer involves two stages, the first stage is electromagnetic calculation, and the second stage is structural design. The electromagnetic load of the transformer and the geometric dimension of the iron core can be determined through electromagnetic calculation, and performance parameters, temperature rise of each part, loss and the like are calculated. The diameter and the section area of the iron core, the number of turns of the winding, the short-circuit loss, the no-load current and the like are calculated according to the given rated voltage, the given transformation ratio, the rated load current, the winding connection group and the like.
1. Selection of core diameter. The most basic parameter for designing the transformer is the diameter of the iron core, the magnetic density of the iron core is determined after the material of the iron core is determined, the larger the diameter of the iron core is, the less the number of turns of the coil is needed, and therefore the size of the iron core determines the inner diameter of the winding and the number of turns of the primary winding and the secondary winding. It is therefore an important aspect that affects the optimal design. The diameter of the iron core is calculated by adopting a semi-empirical formula:
KDthe value, S, varies continuously with the optimization and development of the core materialZFor the capacity per column of the transformer, the calculation method for the three-winding transformer is as follows:
wherein m islThe number of the iron core columns sleeved with the windings is 3, and the number of the three-phase three-column concentric winding iron core columns is 3. Calculating the capacities S of the valve side, filter side and network side of the transformer with rated capacityF、SL、SWThe capacity of the transformer can be determined by a three-winding transformer conversion formula:
2. and (4) determining the number of iron core stages and the filling coefficient. The cross section of the core limb is formed by multi-stage stepped rectangles, the shape of the core limb is close to a circle, the number of stages of the core limb is increased as much as possible, so that the cross section of the core limb is increased as much as possible, but the manufacturing difficulty and the process level are increased. The number of the iron core stages and the width of the sheet are adjusted, the filling coefficient of the iron core is improved, and the effective sectional area of the same iron core diameter is larger. Factors that affect the harmonic components are the seam form, the seam size, and the number of seams. The iron core with large joints or a large number of joints has the harmonic components which are inevitably increased, and the process is improved. Generally, the larger the core diameter, the more the number of lamination stages, and the higher the fill factor. According to the calculated core diameter, the core number and the filling factor of the used material are selected to calculateCross-sectional area A of iron coreZ：
AZ＝KCKSπD2/4
3. And (4) calculating the number of winding turns. The voltage e of each turn can be obtained according to the electromotive force equation of the transformert：
Wherein B ismFor the selected core leg magnetic density, AZIs the effective sectional area of the iron core column. As can be seen from the formula, after the section of the iron core is determined, the electric potential e of each turntThe size of the magnetic core is mainly determined by the magnetic density, and the larger the selected magnetic density is, the more the use of iron core materials can be reduced; but the higher the magnetic density, the closer the material is to the saturation point, so that the core loss and heat generation caused by the increase of the exciting current are greatly increased. After calculating the potential e of each turntThen, the number of turns N of each side winding can be obtained from the voltage of each winding and the potential of each turn:
the novel anti-harmonic transformer in fig. 1-3 is used as a key device of a six-pulse-wave high-voltage direct-current power transmission system, and a filter winding is connected to 5, 7, 11 and 13 times of fully-tuned filter devices by adopting a delta connection method under the design condition that a transformer winding realizes zero equivalent impedance, so that 6k +/-1 times of harmonic waves generated on a rectification side can be effectively solved. The valve side winding adopts a star connection method of neutral point grounding.
Referring to fig. 1-3, which are wiring diagrams of a novel induction filter transformer and a filter system thereof, a three-phase fully-controlled rectifier bridge is taken as a typical load thereof, and forms a 6-pulse industrial rectifying device together with the three-phase fully-controlled rectifier bridge. The novel induction filter transformer adopts a three-winding structure, a grid side winding is connected with an alternating current power grid, and the three-phase winding A1B1、B1C1、C1A1The method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a triangular connection method; the valve side winding is connected with a typical load converter valve and is composed of a three-phase winding a2o、b2o、c2And o, adopting a star connection method. The filter winding is connected with the filter device and is composed of a three-phase winding a3b3、b3c3、c3a3The structure adopts a triangle connection method. Zla＝Zlb＝Zlc＝ZlFor the impedance of the filter branch-circuit,
in order to be the valve side-line current,
is the load side line voltage. Different from the traditional transformer, the transformer filter system is connected to the filter side, and in the design process of the novel induction filter transformer, the filter winding needs to be designed with zero equivalent impedance. Meanwhile, the filter device presents zero impedance to the appointed subharmonic, so that the harmonic can be filtered nearby, the harmonic magnetic potential of the transformer is reduced, and reactive power is compensated.
The relevant rectification and transformation conditions of the transformer are as follows: the voltage of the grid side is 35kV three-phase voltage, the direct current side is six-pulse wave bridge rectification, the frequency is 50Hz, and the connection groups Dd0 and yn11 are connected. Wherein the valve side adopts star connection, and the voltage is 0.149 kV; the filter winding side adopts triangle connection, and the voltage grade is 0.4 kV. Rated direct current 2832A, voltage 198.24V.
Active power:
valve side line current effective value:
valve side capacity:
the effective values of the current fundamental wave and each subharmonic are respectively as follows:
the valve side line current harmonic content is shown in the following table:
power factor
Taking an alpha angle of 10 degrees to obtain
Valve side idle
The fundamental current of the filter winding is:
according to the induction filtering principle, harmonics of 5 th, 7 th and 11 th, 13 th pass through the filter winding, and the ratio of the filter winding to the valve side winding is 400: 149, net side phase voltage 35000V, and filter side phase voltage 400V, so the current flowing through the filter winding is:
according to the principle of equilibrium of magnetic potential of three windings, N1Ia11＝N2Ia21+N3Ia31，Ia11＝16.94A. Ideally, the harmonics of 5, 7, 11, and 13 orders do not flow through the grid side, and only the harmonics of 17, 19, or higher orders are negligible.
The capacity of the winding on the net side is as follows:
the capacity of the filter winding is as follows:
to sum up, transformer capacity 1247 kVA.
The frequency of the power system in actual operation always has a certain deviation, which causes corresponding deviation of each harmonic frequency. When the resonance frequency of the filter is equal to a certain harmonic frequency under the rated frequency of the system, the resonance frequency and the harmonic frequency are not equal when the system frequency shifts. At this time, the filter impedance deviates from its minimum value, and the filtering effect is deteriorated, which is called detuning of the filter.
In addition, parameters of the capacitor and the inductance coil can change due to the influences of ambient temperature change, self heating, capacitor insulation aging and the like in the operation process, and errors can also exist in the installation and debugging process, so that the actual parameters and the corresponding resonance frequency deviate from the design values, and the filter is detuned.
The performance of the filter is not simply determined by the impedance at the resonance frequency, but also depends on the impedance characteristics around the resonance frequency. The impedance of the filter at a certain harmonic frequency has a great relationship with the tuning sharpness Q of the filter, and the larger the Q value is, the smaller the impedance value is, and the better the filtering effect is.
Q＝ωnL/Rfn
The filter with the novel structure is arranged on the filtering side and is not influenced by system impedance, and the Q value can be biased to infinity in theory compared with the traditional scheme, so that an additional offset tuning design is not needed.
According to the filter windingThe compensation capacity is 100 percent of the total compensation reactive power, and is as follows: qB＝QFWhen 202.98kVA is equally distributed into three phases and each filter, the compensation capacity of each phase of filter is QDB＝QB/3＝67.66kVA。
The following table shows the parameters of the inductive filtering scheme single tuned filter:
the double tuned filter scheme uses 5, 13 combinations and 7, 11 solutions, and the calculated parameters are as follows:
the smoothing reactor is connected in series at the direct current side of the six-pulse wave rectifier bridge, so that the rising speed of direct current can be inhibited, and harmonic components of voltage and current in a direct current circuit can be reduced. From the above effects, the larger the direct current inductance is, the better the direct current inductance is, but the direct current inductance cannot be too large, because it is an inertia link, the increase of the inductance will have an influence on the automatic regulation characteristic, and meanwhile, when the current changes rapidly, the generated overvoltage is also larger, the inductance value of the reactor in some projects is generally in the range of 0.4-1.5H, and when the rated current is large, the selected inductance value is smaller.
The inductance value is determined as required to reduce voltage and current ripple in the dc lines.
in this embodiment, a Dd0-y11 induction filter transformer is tested and verified, a test circuit is shown in fig. 6-8, a specific simulation model diagram is shown in fig. 9, and the test circuit includes an input end, a load part and a filter part, wherein the input end is a three-phase input and is respectively input to the load part and the filter part through a Dd0yn11 dual-output transformer; the load part comprises a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier bridge and a single-phase uncontrolled rectifier bridge, wherein the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier bridge receives 380V three-phase input, and the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier bridge receives 220V single-phase input. A3P switch is arranged between the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier bridge and a 380V three-phase input, a voltage transformer is arranged between every two branches of each phase, and a current transformer is arranged in each branch of each phase. A2P switch is arranged between the single-phase uncontrolled rectifier bridge and the 220V single-phase input. The filtering part comprises 5, 7, 11 and 13 times of fully-tuned filtering devices.
As can be seen from fig. 10 to 12, when the load is a six-pulse wave bridge rectifier load, the total harmonic distortion of the grid-side current is 27.87%, and after the filter-side winding is connected to the full-tuned filter device, the content of 5 th harmonic is reduced from 24.1% to 2.7%, from 12.2% to 1.15% for 7 times, from 10.3% to 0.53% for 11 times, from 6.9% to 0.41% for 13 times, and the total harmonic distortion is reduced to 3.17%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art according to the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A Dd0-y11 induction filter transformer, characterized by:
the transformer adopts a three-winding structure and comprises a grid side winding, a valve side winding and a filter winding, wherein the grid side winding is connected with an alternating current power grid, is composed of three-phase windings and adopts a triangular connection method; the valve side winding is connected with the load converter valve, consists of three-phase windings and adopts a star connection method of neutral point grounding; the filter winding is connected with the filter device, is composed of three-phase windings and adopts a delta connection method;
the filter system of the transformer is connected to one side of the filter winding, and the filter winding is designed with zero equivalent impedance to present zero impedance to the appointed subharmonic; filter winding to valve side winding ratio 400: 149.
2. the Dd0-y11 induction filter transformer of claim 1, wherein: the filter winding is connected into a 5, 7, 11 and 13-time full-tuning filter device by adopting a delta connection method so as to solve the problem of 6 times of full-tuning filter device generated on the load sidekThe 1 st harmonic.
3. The Dd0-y11 induction filter transformer of claim 1, wherein: the voltage of a grid side is 35kV three-phase voltage, the load side is connected with a six-pulse bridge rectifier load, the frequency is 50Hz, and a connection group Dd0-y11 is formed; the valve side adopts star connection, and the voltage is 0.149 kV; the side of the filter winding is connected in a triangular mode, and the voltage level is 0.4 kV; rated direct current 2832A, voltage 198.24V.
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