CN215498288U - But short-circuit protection's power optimizer and photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
But short-circuit protection's power optimizer and photovoltaic power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN215498288U CN215498288U CN202120341219.3U CN202120341219U CN215498288U CN 215498288 U CN215498288 U CN 215498288U CN 202120341219 U CN202120341219 U CN 202120341219U CN 215498288 U CN215498288 U CN 215498288U
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/08—Limitation or suppression of earth fault currents, e.g. Petersen coil
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
Abstract
The utility model discloses a power optimizer capable of short-circuit protection and a photovoltaic power generation system, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation. The utility model can realize the automatic disconnection of the short circuit, the parallel electric arc can be automatically switched off and eliminated at the generation position, and the optimizer can be safely and automatically started under the condition that other factors except the short circuit cause the shutdown of the optimizer.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation, in particular to a power optimizer capable of short-circuit protection and a photovoltaic power generation system.
Background
The direct current input end of the current grid-connected photovoltaic system is generally a direct current system with a system voltage of 500V-1500V formed by connecting photovoltaic cells in series and parallel, so that arc faults can be generated when insulation damage, metal joint loosening, component aging, split ends biting and the like occur. Direct current arc is different from alternating current arc, and current does not have a zero crossing point, so that automatic arc extinction cannot be realized, and once arc discharge occurs, the arc discharge is not processed in time, so that economic loss or possible personal safety loss is often caused. Direct current arcing is an important safety issue for photovoltaic systems and requires attention.
The direct current arc may be classified into a parallel direct current arc and a serial direct current arc according to a position where it is generated. The serial arc faults are mainly generated by connecting line arc faults caused by poor contact among photovoltaic cell joints, direct current combiner boxes and connecting terminals of inverters, direct current cable breakage and the like. The parallel arc fault is mainly caused by insulation breakdown and can be divided into an earth arc and a line arc, and a short circuit can be considered to occur in a direct current circuit generating the parallel arc. The short-circuit current of the photovoltaic cell is related to the irradiation temperature and is difficult to detect and determine. Even if an arc detection device installed in the inverter or dc combiner box detects the presence of an arc fault in the circuit and by disconnecting the photovoltaic dc circuit, only serial arcs, but not parallel arcs, can be extinguished. Because the ground and line loops resulting from the dielectric breakdown still exist even after the dc circuit loop is disconnected.
In order to eliminate the parallel arc fault, the prior art is to disconnect the photovoltaic cell from supplying power to the outside by a photovoltaic power optimizer or a shutoff device installed at the output end of the photovoltaic cell. When an electric arc or short circuit fault occurs, a central controller is used for continuously sending heartbeat communication signals, or a turn-off control module on a direct current bus is used for sending a periodic excitation pulse source, so that the power optimizer or the turn-off device is controlled to turn off the output of the photovoltaic cell to stop power generation; and when the safety fault disappears, the power photovoltaic power optimizer or the shutoff device of each photovoltaic cell is turned on again, so that the photovoltaic cell connected with the power photovoltaic power optimizer or the shutoff device can realize electric energy output. In the two schemes in the prior art, not only the corresponding transmitting module needs to be added in the photovoltaic inverter system, but also an additional receiving module needs to be arranged in the shutdown device or the power photovoltaic power optimizer of the photovoltaic cell, so that the cost and the self power consumption of the photovoltaic system are increased, and meanwhile, the fault point of a new signal source transmitting and receiving module is increased.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the utility model mainly aims to provide a power optimizer capable of short-circuit protection and a photovoltaic power generation system, on one hand, the photovoltaic power optimizer can realize automatic turn-off protection during short circuit, and the photovoltaic power optimizer can be automatically started after the short circuit condition is relieved; on the other hand, on the basis of realizing rapid arc fault detection and arc extinction of a turn-off loop at the direct current side of the photovoltaic power generation system, a signal source receiving module of a turn-off circuit in a photovoltaic battery and a signal source sending module in a photovoltaic inverter system are reduced. On the whole, not only reduce the cost in the aspect of the quick turn-off of electric arc and short circuit protection, promote photovoltaic power generation system security and reliability simultaneously.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a power optimizer capable of short-circuit protection, which comprises a power conversion module, a control module and an auxiliary power supply, wherein the input end of the power conversion module can be connected to the output end of a photovoltaic unit, the output end of the power conversion module can be connected to an electric power acquisition system, the auxiliary power supply is electrically connected to the output end of the photovoltaic unit and supplies power to the control module, the control module is in control connection with the power conversion module, and the optimizer is also provided with a short-circuit protection circuit;
the short-circuit protection circuit comprises a first switch piece, a second switch piece and an energy storage element, and the control module is connected to the first switch piece and the second switch piece in a switching signal control mode;
the first switch piece and the second switch piece are connected to a connecting loop of the photovoltaic unit and the power acquisition system, and if any one of the first switch piece and the second switch piece is turned off, the connection of the photovoltaic unit and the power acquisition system is disconnected; the energy storage element is connected between the first switch piece and the second switch piece, the photovoltaic unit and the energy storage element can be communicated by the conduction of the first switch piece, and the energy storage element and the power acquisition system can be communicated by the conduction of the second switch piece;
at least when the operating voltage of the auxiliary power supply is lower than the turn-off voltage, any one of the first switching element and the second switching element is turned off, and the connection between the photovoltaic unit and the power acquisition system is disconnected;
at least when the operating voltage of the auxiliary power supply is higher than the starting voltage, the control module respectively and independently controls the conduction of the first switch piece and the second switch piece, so that the energy storage element is accessed to the power acquisition system after being powered from the photovoltaic unit, the short-circuit condition is acquired and judged whether to be met according to the difference condition of the electrical parameters of the energy storage element, and the first switch piece and the second switch piece are simultaneously conducted after the short-circuit condition is determined not to be met, so that the communication between the photovoltaic unit and the power acquisition system is tried to be restored through a short-circuit test.
Optionally, in the power optimizer, the energy storage element is a capacitor element connected in parallel to the positive and negative loops of the power conversion module, and the control module obtains and judges whether the short-circuit condition is met according to a voltage parameter difference condition of the capacitor element.
Optionally, the power converter module (E1) is a Buck-type or Boost-Buck-type dc chopper circuit having an output capacitor (C2); the output capacitor (C2) is used as an energy storage element (C) of a short-circuit protection circuit (E4);
in the short-circuit test process, the control module (E2) acquires and records the voltage parameters of the output capacitor (C2) which is conducted to the photovoltaic unit to obtain electricity and the voltage parameters of the output capacitor (C2) which is conducted to the power acquisition system respectively so as to acquire the voltage parameter difference for judging whether the short-circuit condition is met.
Optionally, the power converter module (E1) is a Buck-type or Boost-Buck-type dc chopper circuit having an output capacitor (C2); the output capacitor (C2) is used as an energy storage element (C) of a short-circuit protection circuit (E4);
in the short-circuit test process, the control module (E2) acquires and records the voltage parameters of the output capacitor (C2) which is conducted to the photovoltaic unit to obtain electricity and the voltage parameters of the output capacitor (C2) which is conducted to the power acquisition system respectively so as to acquire the voltage parameter difference for judging whether the short-circuit condition is met.
Optionally, the power conversion module (E1) is a Buck-type or Boost-Buck-type dc chopper circuit having a switching element; the first switching element (S1) is used as a switching element connected in series with a positive or negative loop in the DC chopper circuit.
In the above power optimizer, optionally, the second switch (S2) is a switch element connected in series in a positive or negative loop between the output of the dc chopper circuit and the output of the optimizer (E), and the first switch (S1) and the second switch (S2) of at least one of them are normally open switches.
Optionally, in the power optimizer, the power conversion module is a Buck dc chopper circuit, which includes an input capacitor, a switching element serving as the first switching element, an inductor, a freewheeling diode, and an output capacitor serving as the energy storage element; the first switch piece, the inductor and the second switch piece are sequentially connected in series with the positive pole circuit of the direct current chopper circuit, the positive and negative loops of the freewheeling diode are connected in parallel between the first switch piece and the inductor, the positive and negative loops of the input capacitor are connected in parallel between the input end of the power conversion module and the first switch piece, and the positive and negative poles of the output capacitor are connected in parallel between the inductor and the second switch piece; and a bypass diode is connected between the second switch piece and the output end of the power conversion module in parallel.
Optionally, the control module includes a control unit for controlling the operation of the short-circuit protection circuit, a collecting unit, an arithmetic unit, a judging unit, a counting unit, a driving unit, and a communication unit;
the control unit is used for controlling the second switch piece to be kept off, then controlling the first switch piece to be conducted so that the energy storage element obtains electric power from the photovoltaic unit, controlling the first switch piece to be turned off, and then controlling the second switch piece to be conducted so that the energy storage element is connected to the electric power obtaining system;
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the electric parameter information of the energy storage element during electric power acquisition and the electric parameter information of the electric power acquisition system;
the arithmetic unit is used for acquiring the difference of the electrical parameter information in the power state and the access system state;
the judging unit is used for judging the electric parameter information parameters and driving the control unit to execute corresponding operation;
the control unit controls the first switching piece and the second switching piece to be simultaneously conducted by switching value under the condition that the short circuit does not exist; under the condition that the short circuit is determined, the switching-off of the first switching piece and the second switching piece is controlled by the switching value, and under the condition that the short circuit is not determined, the short circuit detection is executed by the control unit again after the time delay setting time;
the counting unit counts the execution times of the first control unit executed because short circuit is not confirmed, and determines that short circuit is determined when the execution times exceed a preset time;
the driving unit drives the first switch piece and the second switch to be switched off and on in a power control mode according to the switching value control command;
the control module further comprises a communication unit which gives an alarm to the power acquisition system after the short circuit is determined to be confirmed.
Optionally, the control module is further configured to control the power conversion module to perform power conversion;
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring voltage and current parameters of the output end of the photovoltaic unit;
the operation unit is used for calculating a power parameter according to the voltage and current parameters;
the judging unit is used for judging the change characteristics of the power parameters and driving the control unit to execute corresponding operation;
the control unit is used for outputting a pulse modulation signal according to the change of the power parameter;
the driving unit is used for controlling the operation of a switching element of the power conversion module by using the pulse-modulated driving signal so as to set the electric parameter of the output end of the photovoltaic unit at the maximum power point.
The utility model also provides a photovoltaic power generation system, which comprises a plurality of photovoltaic units, wherein the output ends of the photovoltaic units are connected with the power optimizer, the output ends of the optimizers are connected in series to form a photovoltaic series connection body, and the output end of the photovoltaic series connection body is connected to the direct current input side of the inverter or the input end of the direct current combiner box.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the utility model, through the short-circuit protection circuit, when the output end of the optimizer is short-circuited, the auxiliary power supply stops supplying power due to too low voltage, and the switching element automatically disconnects the photovoltaic cell from the power acquisition system, so that the turn-off protection during short circuit is realized; meanwhile, in the starting process of the optimizer, the principle that an energy storage element generates electric parameter change when a short circuit exists is utilized, whether the short circuit condition exists is detected before the optimizer is restarted, at least two switch pieces are arranged on a connecting loop of the photovoltaic cell and the electric power acquisition circuit, when the switch pieces are independently conducted, the energy storage element can be respectively used for taking power from the photovoltaic cell and enabling the energy storage element to be connected to the electric power acquisition system, the photovoltaic cell and the electric power acquisition circuit are kept disconnected in the detection process, and the photovoltaic cell is ensured not to output electric power to the outside before the short circuit condition is relieved; when short circuit or parallel fault occurs, the photovoltaic cell is quickly responded, the photovoltaic cell is isolated from the power acquisition system, only a small amount of power of the energy storage element is used for testing, the measuring process is safe and reliable, no burden is caused to the system, the photovoltaic cell output can be quickly shut down when the safety fault occurs, and after the safety fault is eliminated, each photovoltaic cell can run again to generate power.
(2) According to the photovoltaic power optimizer, the short-circuit protection circuit is configured in the photovoltaic power optimizer, so that the photovoltaic power optimizer can enable the photovoltaic cell to operate at the maximum power point, and the power generation efficiency is improved; on the other hand, the short-circuit protection circuit can utilize the control module of the optimizer to carry out acquisition, operation, judgment and control when being turned off and started, and can also utilize the switching element and the energy storage element in the power conversion module of the optimizer. Compared with the traditional shut-off device and the optimizer, the special receiving module and the special sending module are also reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the power generation system is reduced.
(3) The photovoltaic power generation system provided by the utility model can be used for extinguishing the arc of the fault arc at the first time in the initial stage of the generation of the arc aiming at the difference between the parallel arc and the serial arc, so that more serious damage is avoided. When parallel direct current arcs occur, the short-circuit protection circuit configured for the power optimizer of each photovoltaic cell automatically carries out arc extinction, and the optimizer is kept to disconnect an external system before short-circuit faults are removed, so that the parallel arcs can be eliminated quickly, an arc fault detection device is not required, a device for receiving carrier signals is not required to be configured in each power optimizer, and the cost is saved; when the serial direct current arc occurs, the serial arc is extinguished at the first time by disconnecting the direct current junction box or the direct current loop of the inverter.
The utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a short-circuit protection circuit configured in an optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optimizer circuit with short protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a short-circuit protection control structure of a control module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power conversion control structure of a control module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of the short-circuit protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an arc fault occurring in a partial structure of a photovoltaic power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the utility model but are not to be construed as limiting the scope thereof.
Fig. 1 shows a power optimizer capable of short-circuit protection according to an embodiment. The optimizer E consists of a power conversion module E1, a control module E2, an auxiliary power supply E3 and a short-circuit protection circuit E4, wherein the input end of the power conversion module E1 is connected to the output end of a photovoltaic unit through an interface, and the output ends of a plurality of power conversion modules E1 are connected in series through the interfaces and are connected to an electric power acquisition system. The photovoltaic unit is a photovoltaic module a in this embodiment, and may also be a photovoltaic string B including a plurality of photovoltaic modules a or a series-connected body of a part of photovoltaic cells in a photovoltaic module a in other embodiments. The power conversion module E1 is used to convert the electrical variable at the input of the photovoltaic module a and output it at the output of the power conversion module E1 as another electrical variable. The control module E2 is connected to the power conversion module E1 and controls the electrical parameter conversion process of the power conversion module E1. The auxiliary power supply E3 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic module A and electrically connected to the control module E2 to supply power for the operation of the control module E2.
In the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1 in particular, the short-circuit protection circuit E4 includes a first switching device S1, a second switching device S2 and an energy storage element C. The first switch device S1 and the second switch device S2 are connected in series to the positive circuit of the optimizer E, and the turning off of the first switch device S1 and the second switch device S2 can break the circuit. In the present embodiment, the energy storage element C is a capacitive element connected in parallel between the positive and negative circuits between the first switching device S1 and the second switching device S2. When the first switch element S1 is turned on, the capacitive element is in communication with the photovoltaic module a; when the second switch S2 is turned on, the capacitor is connected to the string B. The auxiliary power supply E3 is connected in parallel with the positive and negative loops of the output end of the photovoltaic module A, and the first switch piece S1 and the second switch piece S2 are normally open switch pieces. When the voltage of the positive circuit and the negative circuit is lower than the voltage of the auxiliary power supply E3 due to the occurrence of a short circuit or the like, the control module E2 stops operating, and the first switching device S1 and the second switching device S2 are in an off state, so that the connection circuit of the photovoltaic module A and the power acquisition system is disconnected. After the first switching device S1 and the second switching device S2 are turned off, the auxiliary power source E3 will be isolated from the short circuit condition of the external circuit, and power from the photovoltaic module a will be restored. The control module E2 separately controls the conduction of the first switch device S1 and the second switch device S2, so that the capacitive element is connected to the power acquisition system after being powered from the photovoltaic module a, acquires the voltage parameter difference between the two ends of the capacitive element, and determines whether the short-circuit condition is satisfied according to the voltage parameter difference between the two ends of the capacitive element, and only after the short-circuit condition is determined not to be satisfied, the first switch device S1 and the second switch device S2 are simultaneously conducted, and the connection between the photovoltaic unit and the power acquisition system is restored.
It can be understood that, the short-circuit protection circuit E4 of the present invention, on one hand, uses the first switch device S1 and the second switch device S2 to automatically turn off and perform short-circuit protection when the power acquisition system is short-circuited; on the other hand, the energy storage element C is used to test whether the external circuit is short-circuited by controlling the on and off of the first switching element S1 and the second switching element S2. Compared with the prior art, the control module E2 of the optimizer E is utilized in the embodiment, so that the photovoltaic module A is automatically closed and automatically and safely started in the short circuit process, the safety guarantee structure of the photovoltaic power generation system is simplified, and the setting difficulty of the communication of the distributed system is also simplified. In other embodiments, the energy storage element C may also be an inductor, and whether the external circuit is short-circuited is determined by measuring the current or the energy storage condition of the inductor.
As shown in fig. 2, the power optimizer capable of short-circuit protection according to the embodiment is configured in a BUCK-type photovoltaic power optimizer E. The power conversion module E1 of the optimizer E is a Buck-type dc chopper circuit structure with an output capacitor C2. It is understood that the power conversion module E1 may also be a Boost-type or a Boost-Buck-type dc chopper circuit. The power conversion module E1 includes an input capacitor C1, a first switch transistor M1, an inductor L, a freewheeling diode D1, an output capacitor C2, a second switch transistor M2, and a bypass diode D2. The first switch tube M1, the inductor L and the second switch tube M2 are connected in series with the positive pole PV + of the dc chopper circuit in sequence. More specifically, the first switch transistor M1 and the second switch transistor M2 are n-type normally-open switch fets, and in other embodiments, the first switch transistor M1 and the second switch transistor M2 may also be other fully-controlled switches. The sources of the first switch tube M1 and the second switch tube M2 are connected to the output side of PV +, the drains of the first switch tube M1 and the second switch tube M2 are connected to the input side of PV +, and the gates of the first switch tube M1 and the second switch tube M2 are connected to the control module E2. The auxiliary capacitor element and the input capacitor C1 are respectively connected in parallel on the positive pole circuit PV + and the negative pole circuit PV-of the direct current chopper circuit and are positioned between the input end of the direct current chopper circuit and the second switching tube M2. The anode of the freewheeling diode D1 is connected to the negative return PV-, and the cathode of the freewheeling diode D1 is connected to the positive return PV +, and is located between the first switching transistor M1 and the inductor. The output capacitor C2 is connected in parallel to PV + and PV-of the DC chopper circuit and is located between the inductor L and the second switch tube M2. The bypass diode D2 is connected in parallel to PV + and PV-of the DC chopper circuit and is located between the second switch tube M2 and the output end of the DC chopper circuit. The input capacitor C1 and the output capacitor C2 are used for filtering of a chopper circuit, the first switching tube M1 controls chopping conversion of the photovoltaic module A to the inductor L, and the freewheeling diode D1 is used for maintaining an output level.
It should be noted that the first switching tube M1 constitutes an element of a Buck-type dc chopper circuit, and can be used for controlling and implementing power conversion of the dc chopper circuit by using a pulse modulation signal (pulse width modulation PWM or pulse frequency modulation PFM), and at the same time, is used as the first switching device S1 of the short-circuit protection circuit E4; the output capacitor C2 is used as an energy storage element C of the short-circuit protection circuit E4; the second switching tube M2 is added to the output side of the dc chopper circuit as the second switching device S2 of the short-circuit protection circuit E4. The short-circuit protection circuit E4 and the direct-current chopper circuit share components, and the circuit of the photovoltaic power optimizer E is simplified. When the bypass diode D2 is used as the optimizer E in the off state, the current of the pv string B can be conducted through the bypass diode D2.
It should be noted that there is a difference in the electrical quantity of the energy storage element C in the two control states of the switching device. On one hand, under two control states, the voltage parameter of the output capacitor C2 when being connected to the photovoltaic module a is respectively collected and recorded, and is compared with the voltage parameter of the output capacitor C2 when being connected to the photovoltaic module string B, so as to obtain the voltage difference of the output capacitor C2 in the short circuit test process. On the other hand, the input end of the direct current chopper circuit is provided with the input capacitor C1 for filtering, so as to prevent the fluctuating current of the power conversion from reversely influencing the photovoltaic module a, and when the output capacitor C2 is connected to the photovoltaic string B, the voltage parameters of the input capacitor C1 and the output capacitor C2 can be collected and compared, so as to obtain the voltage difference of the output capacitor C2 in the short-circuit test process. In the latter scheme, the process of output storage can be reduced, and errors of the previous and subsequent measurements can be reduced.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the control module structure of the short-circuit protection enabled power optimizer of the embodiment is shown. The control module E2 includes a control unit 21, a collecting unit 22, an arithmetic unit 23, a judging unit 24, a counting unit 25, a driving unit 26 and a communication unit 27. The acquisition unit 22 may acquire the current parameter Ipv and the voltage parameter Vpv at the input end of the power conversion module, and the output capacitor C2, that is, the voltage parameter Vout at the output end of the power conversion module, and the acquisition is implemented by a sensor disposed at an acquisition position, amplified by an amplifier, and processed by a processor into an electrical signal capable of being operated. The arithmetic unit 23 may be disposed in the processor and may operate the collected electrical parameters. The judging unit 24 may be provided in the processor to judge the short circuit condition or the current power condition according to the result of the operation. The control unit 21 may be disposed in the processor, and includes performing corresponding short circuit detection control under a trigger operation condition, such as initial start after power is obtained; and carrying out corresponding control operation according to the judged structure. The counting unit 25 may be provided in the processor to count a result of the determination unit 24, or to count an operation of the control unit 21, to output the result when a set limit of the count is reached, or to clear the result under set conditions. The communication unit 27 can be zigbee, WIFI or bluetooth wireless communication, a centralized control module HE2 is configured in the inverter system J or the dc combiner box, a communication device matched with the optimizer E is configured in the centralized control module HE2, and the control module E2 can give an alarm to the centralized control module HE2 through the communication unit 27 when a short-circuit fault occurs.
Specifically referring to fig. 3, in the control process of restarting the optimizer E through the short circuit test, specifically, the control unit 21 is configured to control the second switching tube M2 to remain off, then control the first switching tube M1 to be on, so that the output capacitor C2 obtains power from the photovoltaic unit, control the first switching tube M1 to become off, and then control the second switching tube M2 to be on, so that the output capacitor C2 is connected to the power obtaining system; the acquisition unit 22 is used for acquiring the voltage parameter information of the output capacitor C2 during power acquisition and counting in the power acquisition system; the operation unit 23 is used for acquiring the voltage parameter information difference in the power state and in the access system state; the judging unit 24 is used for judging the voltage parameter information parameter and driving the control unit 21 to execute corresponding operation; under the condition that the control unit 21 judges that no short circuit exists, the simultaneous conduction of the first switch tube M1 and the second switch tube M2 is controlled by the switching value; under the condition of determining that the short circuit is determined, the switching-off of the first switching tube M1 and the second switching tube M2 is controlled by switching value, under the condition of determining that the short circuit is not determined, the control unit 21 carries out short circuit detection again after delaying for a set time; the counting unit 25 counts the number of times of execution of the first control unit 21 performed without confirming the short circuit, and determines that the short circuit is confirmed when the number of times exceeds a preset number; the driving unit 26 controls the first switching tube M1 and the second switch to be turned off and on according to the switching value control command; the communication unit 27 determines that the short circuit is confirmed and then gives an alarm to the central control module HE 2.
Referring specifically to fig. 4, in the control process of power conversion when the optimizer E operates normally, specifically, the collecting unit 22 is configured to collect voltage and current parameters at the output end of the photovoltaic unit; the operation unit 23 is used for calculating a power parameter from the voltage current parameter; the judging unit 24 is configured to judge a variation characteristic of the power parameter and drive the control unit 21 to perform a corresponding operation; the control unit 21 is used for outputting a pulse modulation signal according to the change of the power parameter; the driving unit 26 is configured to control the operation of the switching element of the power conversion module E1 with the pulse-modulated driving signal to set the electrical parameter at the maximum power point at the output of the photovoltaic unit.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a control method of the power optimizer capable of short-circuit protection according to the embodiment. The method comprises the following steps: the first time power is drawn after the auxiliary power supply E3 is turned off and the control module E2 is made operational, the startup optimizer E is executed which is tested for a short circuit condition. Specifically, when the photovoltaic power optimizer E is restarted in the power failure starting process or the next day after the day-black shutdown during the work of the photovoltaic power optimizer E, before the optimizer E enters the working state, the circuit short-circuit prevention detection is carried out to avoid the short-circuit risk.
In the first step, the second switch tube M2 is controlled to be kept off, and then the first switch tube M1 is controlled to be on, so that the input capacitor C1 and the input capacitor C1 obtain power from the photovoltaic module a, and the voltage values of the two are detected and confirmed to be close to the same. Secondly, controlling the first switching tube M1 to be turned off, and then controlling the second switching tube M2 to be turned on, so that the output capacitor C2 is connected into the photovoltaic string B, the input capacitor C1 is blocked from the photovoltaic string B, the voltage value V1 of the input capacitor C1 at the moment is collected, and the voltage value V2 of the output capacitor C2 at the moment is collected; the voltage information difference after the output capacitor C2 is connected into the photovoltaic string B is compared through | V1-V2 |/V2. Fourth, determine the relationship of | V1-V2|/V2 to the first preset difference limit of 10% and to the second preset difference limit of 50%:
if the absolute value of V1-V2/V2 is less than or equal to 10 percent, the short circuit condition of the accessed system is confirmed to be absent, the first switch tube M1 and the second switch tube M2 are simultaneously conducted, and the operation of the optimizer E is recovered; if 10% < | V1-V2|/V2 < 50%, the accessed system is not certain of a short circuit condition, and after a delay of 3 minutes, the optimizer E is again started with the short circuit condition test. Performing a first count on the situation, if the situation is uncertain for 3 times in the continuous short circuit test process, confirming that the short circuit situation exists in the accessed system, maintaining the closing of the first switch tube M1 and the second switch, and stopping the operation of the power optimizer E; if the absolute value of V1-V2/V2 is more than or equal to 50 percent, the short circuit condition of the accessed system is confirmed, the first switch tube M1 and the second switch are kept closed, and the operation of the power optimizer E is stopped. And after the short circuit condition of the accessed system is judged and confirmed, alarming and/or repairing is carried out on the centralized control module HE 2.
It should be noted that, during the short-circuit detection, there is an uncertain range, and the short-circuit detection may be tried again, for example, the voltage at the output end of the optimizer E is confirmed by the input capacitor C1 of the inverter, and there is a possibility of voltage change before the input capacitor C1 finishes storing energy. Overall, the validation of the uncertainty range reduces the shutdown of the optimizer E due to short circuit detection errors. Meanwhile, the confirmation of the uncertain range can also reduce the impact and damage caused by the input capacitor C1 connected into the photovoltaic power generation system during short circuit.
As shown in fig. 6, the photovoltaic power generation system of the embodiment includes a photovoltaic module a, a power optimizer E, and a photovoltaic inverter system J. The output end of each photovoltaic module A is connected with a power optimizer E. The number of the photovoltaic modules A is multiple, and A-1, A-2, … and A-n in the figure; the number of power optimizers E corresponds to E-1, E-2, …, E-n in the figure. The output ends of the power optimizer E are connected in series to form a photovoltaic string B, namely B-1, B-2, … and B-m in the figure. The output end of the photovoltaic group string B can be connected to the direct current side of the inverter system J, or connected to the output side of the inverter system J through the output end of the direct current combiner box after being connected to the input end of the direct current combiner box. In the present embodiment, the photovoltaic string B is connected to the inverter system J. Each optimizer E is provided with the short-circuit protection circuit E4 described above, and the inverter system J is provided with the arc fault detection device F and the centralized control module HE 2. The arc fault detection device F is an arc fault detector (AFCI) and/or a residual current detection device (RCD), is a common device for detecting faults such as arcs in the prior art, and judges whether a fault arc is generated or not by detecting the characteristics of electric parameters of an accessed loop in a time domain and/or a frequency domain. When the arc fault detection device F detects an arc, the inverter circuit may be controlled to be turned off via the centralized control module HE 2. The centralized control module HE2 may establish a wireless communication connection with each optimizer E to obtain the alarm information of each optimizer E, or send a start instruction to the control module E2 of each optimizer E after maintenance, to actively control the start of the optimizer E.
It can be understood that, in the process of rapidly eliminating the arc fault in the photovoltaic power generation system, when the arc fault detection device F detects the serial arc, the inverter or the dc combiner box will disconnect the output loop of the photovoltaic string B to extinguish the serial arc. This scheme can send warning information to photovoltaic inverter system J or the direct current collection flow box that photovoltaic group string B is connected the very first time that electric arc takes place to drive photovoltaic inverter system J or the disconnection of direct current return-flow tank produce the return circuit of serial electric arc, thereby very first time carries out the arc extinguishing, and avoids causing more serious consequence.
When a parallel arc occurs, the optimizer E at the position of the parallel arc is turned off when the auxiliary power supply E3 is lower than the operating voltage, and the optimizer E is disconnected from the photovoltaic string B before the short circuit state is confirmed to be relieved, so that the parallel arc is extinguished. The scheme can automatically detect the short circuit condition, namely the occurrence of the parallel arc, by the optimizer E equipped with the short-circuit protection circuit E4 and the control method using the short-circuit protection circuit E4 at the first time of the occurrence of the parallel arc, and keep the first switch tube M1 and the second switch tube M2 turned off after the auxiliary power supply E3 is shut down due to too low voltage, so that the arc extinction of the parallel arc is carried out at the first time, and the optimizer E is not started before the test short-circuit condition is not eliminated. On the other hand, for restarting the optimizer E after shutdown due to other reasons, the optimizer E equipped with the short-circuit protection circuit E4 and the control method using the short-circuit protection circuit E4 can automatically start operation after completing a short-circuit test without a complicated communication structure.
As shown in fig. 7, it is a part of the photovoltaic power generation system of the embodiment. In the figure, arc faults occur at positions having a to f. Wherein, the position a is a serial electric arc generated between the photovoltaic string B and a connecting wire or a joint of the direct current bus; position b is a series arc generated at the disconnection of the connecting line of the photovoltaic module a and the photovoltaic module a; and the position c is a serial electric arc generated at the connection position of the direct current bus or the disconnection position of the single-wire direct current bus and the connection joint of the inverter system J. The arcs at the positions a to c are serial arc faults, and in the operation process of the photovoltaic power generation system, the arcs are detected by the arc fault detection device F, and the alternating current side switch of the photovoltaic power generation system is turned off through the inverter, so that the circuit of the power acquisition system is disconnected, and the serial arc extinction at the first time is completed. The position d is a parallel arc caused by damage between two direct current buses, the position e is a parallel arc generated at the connection position of the positive and negative direct current buses and the inverter system J, and the position f is a parallel arc generated by the connection of one direct current bus and the ground end. The arcs at positions d to F are parallel arc faults, and even if detected by the arc fault detection means F and the power return of the entire photovoltaic power generation system is turned off, local parallel arcs can still be connected into a loop and obtain power from the photovoltaic module a of the loop, and parallel arcs still exist. During the operation of the photovoltaic power generation system, the parallel arcs can cause the short circuit of the auxiliary power supply E3 in each optimizer E, and under the condition that the voltage is equal to or close to zero, the auxiliary power supply E3 is turned off, and the normally-open first switch tube M1 and the normally-open second switch tube M2 are kept disconnected when the driving power is lost; meanwhile, even if the auxiliary power supply E3 reaches the starting voltage again after being disconnected, the control module E2 keeps the switching tube disconnected for the first time after being started, and the short-circuit test is carried out under the condition that the photovoltaic module A is kept disconnected from the external circuit in the whole process. After the optimizer E is disconnected, the photovoltaic module A and a direct current loop at the position of the parallel arc are disconnected, and the parallel arc is extinguished at the first time. And, before the short circuit condition has not been relieved, the optimizer E will remain shut down until after maintenance personnel have performed the maintenance, and actively start the optimizer E.
Meanwhile, under the action of other factors, when the control module E2 is restarted, for example, the optimizer E is stopped due to darkness and then restarted the optimizer E in the next morning, or when the optimizer E is stopped due to overcurrent and then restarted, each photovoltaic module a can smoothly pass the short-circuit test and is automatically restarted.
The foregoing embodiments have been described primarily for the purposes of illustrating the general principles, and features and advantages of the utility model. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the limitations of the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the utility model, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, which fall within the scope of the utility model as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A power optimizer capable of realizing short-circuit protection comprises a power conversion module (E1), a control module (E2) and an auxiliary power supply (E3), wherein the input end of the power conversion module (E1) can be connected to the output end of a photovoltaic unit, the output end of the power conversion module (E1) can be connected to an electric power acquisition system, the auxiliary power supply (E3) is electrically connected to the output end of the photovoltaic unit and is used for supplying power to be connected to the control module (E2), and the control module (E2) is connected to the power conversion module (E1) in a control mode, and the power optimizer (E) is further provided with a short-circuit protection circuit (E4);
the short-circuit protection circuit (E4) comprises a first switch piece (S1), a second switch piece (S2) and an energy storage element (C), and the control module (E2) is connected with the first switch piece (S1) and the second switch piece (S2) in a switching signal control mode;
the first switch device (S1) and the second switch device (S2) are connected to a connection loop of the photovoltaic unit and the power acquisition system, and the connection of the photovoltaic unit and the power acquisition system is disconnected when any one of the first switch device (S1) and the second switch device (S2) is turned off; the energy storage element (C) is connected between a first switch device (S1) and a second switch device (S2), the conduction of the first switch device (S1) can communicate the photovoltaic unit with the energy storage element (C), and the conduction of the second switch device (S2) can communicate the energy storage element (C) with the power acquisition system;
when the auxiliary power supply (E3) is turned off, any one of the first switching device (S1) and the second switching device (S2) is turned off, and the connection between the photovoltaic unit and the power acquisition system is disconnected;
when the auxiliary power supply (E3) is started, the control module (E2) respectively and independently controls the conduction of the first switch device (S1) and the second switch device (S2), so that the energy storage element (C) is accessed to the power acquisition system after being powered from the photovoltaic unit, whether a short-circuit condition is met or not is judged according to the difference condition of the electrical parameters of the energy storage element (C), and the first switch device (S1) and the second switch device (S2) are simultaneously conducted after the short-circuit condition is determined not to be met, so that the connection between the photovoltaic unit and the power acquisition system is tried to be restored through a short-circuit test.
2. The power optimizer according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage element (C) is a capacitive element connected in parallel to the positive and negative loops of the power conversion module (E1), and the control module (E2) obtains and determines whether the short-circuit condition is satisfied according to a difference between voltage parameters of the capacitive element.
3. A power optimizer according to claim 2, wherein the power conversion module (E1) is a Buck-type or Boost-Buck-type dc chopper circuit with an output capacitor (C2); the output capacitor (C2) is used as an energy storage element (C) of a short-circuit protection circuit (E4);
in the short-circuit test process, the control module (E2) acquires and records the voltage parameters of the output capacitor (C2) which is conducted to the photovoltaic unit to obtain electricity and the voltage parameters of the output capacitor (C2) which is conducted to the power acquisition system respectively so as to acquire the voltage parameter difference for judging whether the short-circuit condition is met.
4. A power optimizer according to claim 2, wherein the power conversion module (E1) is a Buck-type or Boost-Buck-type dc chopper circuit with an input capacitance (C1) and an output capacitance (C2);
in the short-circuit test process, the control module (E2) respectively adopts the voltage parameter difference of the input capacitor (C1) and the output capacitor (C2) when the collection output capacitor (C2) is conducted to the power acquisition system, so as to acquire the voltage parameter difference for judging whether the short-circuit condition is met.
5. A power optimizer according to claim 1, wherein the power conversion module (E1) is a Buck-type or Boost-Buck-type dc chopper circuit with switching elements; the first switching element (S1) is used as a switching element connected in series with a positive or negative loop in the DC chopper circuit.
6. A power optimizer according to claim 1, wherein the second switching element (S2) is a switching element connected in series in a positive or negative loop between the output of the dc chopper circuit and the output of the optimizer (E), and the first switching element (S1) and the second switching element (S2) of at least one of them are normally open switching elements.
7. The power optimizer of claim 1, wherein the power conversion module (E1) is a Buck dc chopper circuit comprising an input capacitor (C1), a switching element as the first switching device (S1), an inductor (L), an output capacitor (C2) as the energy storage element (C); the first switch (S1), the inductor (L) and the second switch (S2) are sequentially connected in series with a positive circuit of the direct-current chopper circuit, a positive circuit and a negative circuit of the input capacitor (C1) are connected between the input end of the power conversion module (E1) and the first switch (S1) in parallel, and a positive circuit and a negative circuit of the output capacitor (C2) are connected between the inductor (L) and the second switch (S2) in parallel.
8. The power optimizer according to claim 1, wherein the control module (E2) comprises a control unit (21), a collection unit (22), an arithmetic unit (23), a judgment unit (24), a counting unit (25) and a driving unit (26) for controlling the operation of the short-circuit protection circuit (E4);
the control unit (21) is used for controlling the second switching element (S2) to be kept off, then controlling the first switching element (S1) to be switched on so as to enable the energy storage element (C) to obtain power from the photovoltaic unit, and controlling the first switching element (S1) to be switched off, and then controlling the second switching element (S2) to be switched on so as to enable the energy storage element (C) to be connected to the power obtaining system;
the acquisition unit (22) is used for acquiring the electric parameter information of the energy storage element (C) during electric power acquisition and accounting in the electric power acquisition system;
the arithmetic unit (23) is used for acquiring the electric parameter information difference in the power state and the access system state;
the judging unit (24) is used for judging the electric parameter information parameter and driving the control unit (21) to execute corresponding operation;
the control unit (21) controls simultaneous conduction of the first switching piece (S1) and the second switching piece (S2) by a switching amount under the condition that it is determined that there is no short circuit; under the condition that the short circuit is determined, the turn-off of the first switching piece (S1) and the second switching piece (S2) is controlled by the switching value, and under the condition that the short circuit is not determined, the short circuit detection is executed by the control unit (21) again after the set time is delayed;
the counting unit (25) measures the execution times of the first control unit (21) executed because short circuit is not confirmed, and determines that the short circuit is determined when the execution times exceeds a preset time;
the driving unit (26) controls the turn-off and turn-on of the first switching piece (S1) and the second switch by driving power according to the switching amount control command.
9. The power optimizer according to claim 8, wherein the control module (E2) further comprises a communication unit (27), the communication unit (27) alarming the power acquisition system after determining that the short circuit is confirmed;
the control module (E2) is also used for controlling the power conversion module (E1) to carry out power conversion;
the acquisition unit (22) is used for acquiring voltage and current parameters of the output end of the photovoltaic unit;
the operation unit (23) is used for calculating a power parameter according to the voltage and current parameters;
the judging unit (24) is used for judging the change characteristics of the power parameters and driving the control unit (21) to execute corresponding operation;
the control unit (21) is used for outputting a pulse modulation signal according to the change of the power parameter;
the drive unit (26) is used for controlling the operation of a switching element of the power conversion module (E1) by a pulse-modulated drive signal so as to set the electrical quantity of the output end of the photovoltaic unit at a maximum power point.
10. A photovoltaic power generation system comprising photovoltaic units having outputs to which power optimizers according to any one of claims 1 to 9 are connected, outputs of the optimizers (E) being connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, the outputs of the photovoltaic string being connected to a dc input side of an inverter or an input of a dc combiner box, characterized by further comprising arc fault detection means (F) arranged on the output side of the photovoltaic string for shutting down the connection of the photovoltaic string to the inverter or the dc combiner box when an arc is detected.
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| CN114336622A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江英达威芯电子有限公司 | Shutdown controller and control method, system and device thereof |
| WO2022166931A1 (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-11 | 深圳市中旭新能源有限公司 | Power optimizer having short circuit protection, and photovoltaic power generation system |
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| CN203456934U (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2014-02-26 | 深圳市金威源科技股份有限公司 | Solar photovoltaic system control apparatus |
| US10027277B2 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2018-07-17 | Zyntony, Inc. | Short-string parallel-DC optimizer for photovoltaic systems |
| CN109038669B (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2024-01-05 | 嘉兴爱索乐信息技术有限公司 | Photovoltaic system for realizing automatic shutdown of assembly level |
| CN111585307A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-08-25 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Starting method, application device and system of photovoltaic rapid turn-off system |
| CN215498288U (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-01-11 | 广州中旭新能源有限公司 | But short-circuit protection's power optimizer and photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN215498289U (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-01-11 | 广州中旭新能源有限公司 | Quick turn-off system for photovoltaic grid-connected power generation |
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| CN114336622A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江英达威芯电子有限公司 | Shutdown controller and control method, system and device thereof |
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