CN210724292U - Lithium battery charger with multi-mode charging function - Google Patents

Lithium battery charger with multi-mode charging function Download PDF

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CN210724292U
CN210724292U CN201921486944.9U CN201921486944U CN210724292U CN 210724292 U CN210724292 U CN 210724292U CN 201921486944 U CN201921486944 U CN 201921486944U CN 210724292 U CN210724292 U CN 210724292U
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voltage
converter
output
circuit
lithium battery
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毛鹏
付强胜
凡江兵
尹大双
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Nanjing Iit Intelligent Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Nanjing Iit Intelligent Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a lithium battery charger with multi-mode function of charging, including AC/DC converter, DC/DC converter, first control circuit and second control circuit, first control circuit is used for controlling the output of AC/DC converter, and the second control circuit is used for controlling the output of DC/DC converter; the alternating current is electrically connected to the input of the AC/DC converter, the output of the AC/DC converter is connected with the DC/DC converter, and the output of the DC/DC converter is used for supplying power to the lithium battery; the charger also comprises a relay branch circuit, a PWM signal generating circuit and a voltage detecting and segmenting circuit. The utility model discloses have the function of charging of three kinds of modes, have protection effect, charge time weak point, system reliability height to the lithium cell.

Description

Lithium battery charger with multi-mode charging function
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to lithium battery charger field, concretely relates to lithium battery charger with multi-mode charging function.
Background
With the development of new energy industries, lithium batteries are gradually widely applied in industries such as electric tools, special vehicles and the like; meanwhile, lithium battery chargers come into the market in large quantities.
The traditional lithium battery charger mostly adopts a two-section charging mode, namely, constant current charging is carried out when the battery voltage is lower, constant voltage charging is carried out when the battery voltage is close to the rated upper limit, and the switching of the two charging modes is automatically completed after the current controller is saturated. As shown in fig. 1, the control loop of the post-stage DC-DC converter includes a current controller and a voltage controller, only one controller is in regulation at any time, but when to switch to each other is completely determined by the loop parameters. This charging scheme has the following disadvantages: 1) when the battery is over-discharged and the battery voltage is too low, the lithium battery is easy to damage by adopting large-current constant-current charging; 2) the dynamic conversion process of constant-current charging to constant-voltage charging is influenced by parameters of a current loop and a voltage loop, is also related to the dynamic response characteristic of a charger power circuit, and is difficult to accurately control, so that the charging time in the whole charging process is uncontrollable, for example, some products are converted to constant-voltage charging too early due to the discrete reason of the parameters of a control loop, the charging current is reduced in advance, and finally the charging time is prolonged.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to the problem that above-mentioned exists with not enough, provide a lithium battery charger with multi-mode function of charging, it has three kinds of charge modes, has protection effect, charge time weak point, system reliability height to the lithium cell.
In order to realize the purpose, the utility model discloses a technical scheme is: a lithium battery charger with a multi-mode charging function comprises an AC/DC converter, a DC/DC converter, a first control circuit and a second control circuit, wherein the first control circuit is used for controlling the output of the AC/DC converter; the alternating current is electrically connected to the input of the AC/DC converter, the output of the AC/DC converter is connected with the DC/DC converter, and the output of the DC/DC converter is used for supplying power to the lithium battery; the second control circuit comprises a current controller, a voltage controller and a lightCurrent detection signal I at output end of coupler/chargerBatt-sampleA current feedback input end of the current controller and a voltage detection signal V of the output end of the chargerBatt-sampleThe current controller is connected with the output end of the voltage controller and is connected to the cathode of the primary side light-emitting diode of the optical coupler, and a secondary side signal of the optical coupler is output to the DC/DC converter; the circuit also comprises a relay branch circuit, a PWM signal generating circuit and a voltage detecting and segmenting circuit;
the relay branch circuit is arranged between the output of the DC/DC converter and the input of the lithium battery and comprises a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit which are connected in parallel, the first branch circuit comprises a first relay K1 and a current-limiting resistor R which are connected in series, and the second branch circuit is provided with a second relay K2;
the PWM signal generating circuit is used for outputting two paths of square wave signals PWM1 and PWM2 with different duty ratios, and PWM1 and PWM2 signals are input into the voltage controller; the output end of the PWM1 signal is connected with the drain electrode of a first MOS tube Q1, and the source electrode of the first MOS tube Q1 is grounded; the output end of the PWM2 signal is connected with the drain electrode of a second MOS tube Q2, and the source electrode of the second MOS tube Q2 is grounded;
the output ends of the current controller and the voltage controller are respectively connected in series with a third MOS tube Q3 and a fourth MOS tube Q4, the output end of the current controller is connected with the drain electrode of the third MOS tube Q3, the output end of the voltage controller is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube Q4, and the source electrodes of the third MOS tube Q3 and the fourth MOS tube Q4 are connected and connected to the cathode of the primary side light-emitting diode of the optical coupler;
the voltage detection and segmentation circuit comprises a voltage detection unit, a voltage comparison unit and a first combined logic unit which are connected in sequence; the positive electrode of the lithium battery is connected to the input of the voltage detection unit, and the voltage detection unit outputs a lithium battery voltage detection signal; the voltage comparison unit comprises a first comparator and a second comparator which are connected in parallel, and the reference voltage of the first comparator is a high threshold voltage VHThe reference voltage of the second comparator is a low threshold voltage VLThe first comparator and the second comparator respectively output two paths of voltage comparison signals XHAnd XL(ii) a The first combinational logic unit outputs 3 logic signals, respectively YH、YMAnd YLThe device comprises a voltage division unit, a voltage division unit and a control unit, wherein the voltage division unit is used for representing the voltage division interval information of the lithium battery;
the 3 logic signals of the first combination logic unit are input to the second combination logic unit, the second combination logic unit outputs 6 control signals Cont-PWM1, Cont-PWM2, Cont-i, Cont-v, Cont-1 and Cont-2 which are respectively connected to the grid of the first MOS tube Q1, the grid of the second MOS tube Q2, the grid of the third MOS tube Q3, the grid of the fourth MOS tube Q4, the drive signal control end of the first relay K1 and the drive signal control end of the second relay K2.
Furthermore, the PWM signal generating circuit is composed of a 555 chip and a peripheral circuit thereof.
Further, the voltage detection unit adopts a resistance voltage division circuit.
Further, the first control circuit employs a control circuit based on the UCC28019A chip.
Further, the second control circuit adopts a control circuit based on an L6599A chip.
The utility model has the advantages that: (1) the utility model discloses detect lithium battery voltage according to the hardware to distinguish its voltage section of locating, and realize control circuit's direct switch through hardware circuit, the cooperation is to the switching of charger output side current limiting branch road simultaneously, realizes different charging modes, and specific charging mode includes that the undercurrent activation after the battery is put charges, the constant current of normal battery voltage scope fills soon and the constant voltage when battery voltage is close rated upper limit charges. The sectional charging scheme not only effectively prevents potential damage to the lithium battery, but also effectively shortens charging time through accurate switching charging operation.
(2) The utility model discloses a pure hardware realizes that the syllogic charges, and system reliability is higher, and charging curve's uniformity is also better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a prior art lithium battery charger;
FIG. 2 is an overall structure diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the relay branch of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a PWM signal generating circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a current controller and a voltage controller in the second control circuit of FIG. 2;
fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of the voltage detection and segmentation circuit of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a second combinational logic unit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the disclosure of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that for the sake of clarity, the figures and the description omit representation and description of parts not relevant to the present invention, known to a person skilled in the art.
Example 1:
the utility model provides a lithium battery charger with multi-mode function of charging, as shown in fig. 2, including AC/DC converter, DC/DC converter, first control circuit and second control circuit, first control circuit is used for controlling the output of AC/DC converter, and the second control circuit is used for controlling the output of DC/DC converter; the alternating current is electrically connected to the input of the AC/DC converter, the output of the AC/DC converter is connected with the DC/DC converter, and the output of the DC/DC converter is used for supplying power to the lithium battery; the second control circuit comprises a current controller, a voltage controller and an optical coupler, and a current detection signal I is output by the chargerBatt-sampleA current feedback input end of the current controller and a voltage detection signal V of the output end of the chargerBatt-sampleThe current controller is connected with the output end of the voltage controller and is connected to the cathode of the primary side light-emitting diode of the optical coupler, and a secondary side signal of the optical coupler is output to the DC/DC converter; the circuit also comprises a relay branch circuit, a PWM signal generating circuit and a voltage detecting and segmenting circuit.
The AC/DC converter adopts a Boost converter, the first control circuit adopts a control scheme based on a UCC28019A chip, 380V output is realized, stable voltage is provided for a post-stage DC/DC converter, and unit power factor correction of an input side is realized.
The DC/DC converter adopts an LLC half-bridge isolation type converter, and the second control circuit adopts a control scheme based on an L6599A chip to realize control of direct-current output voltage or output current.
As shown in fig. 3, the relay branch is arranged between the output of the DC/DC converter and the input of the lithium battery, and includes a first branch and a second branch which are connected in parallel, the first branch includes a first relay K1 and a current limiting resistor R which are connected in series, and the second branch is provided with a second relay K2;
the working principle is as follows: the output side of the DC/DC converter is connected with the lithium battery in a parallel mode through a first relay K1 and a second relay K2, wherein the first relay K1 is connected with a current limiting resistor R in series, and the resistor is a power resistor; the two relays are in complementary conduction, and only one relay is in a conduction state at any time after the lithium battery is connected. In the active mode, the first relay K1 is conducted; in the constant current and constant voltage modes, the second relay K2 is turned on.
As shown in fig. 4, the PWM signal generating circuit is configured to output two square wave signals PWM1 and PWM2 with different duty ratios, and the PWM1 and PWM2 signals are input to the voltage controller; meanwhile, the output end of the PWM1 signal is connected with the drain electrode of the first MOS tube Q1, and the source electrode of the first MOS tube Q1 is grounded; the output end of the PWM2 signal is connected with the drain electrode of a second MOS tube Q2, and the source electrode of the second MOS tube Q2 is grounded; the PWM signal generating circuit is composed of a 555 chip and a peripheral circuit thereof;
the working principle is as follows: the 555 chip and the peripheral auxiliary circuit are adopted to generate 2 paths of square wave signals PWM1 and PWM2 with different duty ratios, the output ends of the two paths of signals are respectively connected with the drain electrodes of the MOS tubes, when the MOS tubes are disconnected, the PWM signals are effectively output, and when the MOS tubes are switched on, the PWM signals are forcibly pulled down; the two paths of PWM signals are input to a voltage controller to determine the output voltage value of the DC/DC converter.
As shown in fig. 5, the output ends of the current controller and the voltage controller are respectively connected in series to a third MOS transistor Q3 and a fourth MOS transistor Q4, the output end of the current controller is connected to the drain of the third MOS transistor Q3, the output end of the voltage controller is connected to the drain of the fourth MOS transistor Q4, and the sources of the third MOS transistor Q3 and the fourth MOS transistor Q4 are connected to the cathode of the primary side light emitting diode of the optical coupler;
the working principle is as follows: the output ends of the current controller and the voltage controller are respectively connected with a third MOS transistor Q3 and a fourth MOS transistor Q4 in series, and the two MOS transistors are conducted in a complementary mode, namely only one MOS transistor can be conducted at any time; the third MOS tube is used for charging in a constant current stage, and constant current charging is realized through closed-loop control of output current; the fourth MOS tube is used for activating and constant-voltage charging nodes, and output voltage stabilization is achieved through output voltage feedback.
As shown in fig. 6, the voltage detection and segmentation circuit includes a voltage detection unit, a voltage comparison unit, and a first combinational logic unit, which are connected in sequence; the positive electrode of the lithium battery is connected to the input of the voltage detection unit, and the voltage detection unit outputs a lithium battery voltage detection signal; the voltage comparison unit comprises a first comparator and a second comparator which are connected in parallel, and the reference voltage of the first comparator is a high threshold voltage VHThe reference voltage of the second comparator is a low threshold voltage VLThe first comparator and the second comparator respectively output two paths of voltage comparison signals XHAnd XL(ii) a The first combinational logic unit outputs 3 logic signals, respectively YH、YMAnd YLThe device comprises a voltage division unit, a voltage division unit and a control unit, wherein the voltage division unit is used for representing the voltage division interval information of the lithium battery;
the working principle is as follows: after the voltage detection unit obtains the voltage data of the lithium battery, the voltage data is respectively compared with the high threshold voltage V through the first comparator and the second comparatorHAnd a low threshold voltage VLComparison, wherein VLFor activating switching voltage, V, to constant-current modeHThe switching voltage is in a constant current to constant voltage mode. The output values of the two comparators pass through a first combinational logic unit to obtain 3 logic signals YH、YMAnd YL(ii) a When the voltage V of the lithium batteryBatt<VLWhen, YL=1、YH=YM0; when V isL<VBatt<VHWhen, YM=1、YH=YL0; when the voltage V of the lithium batteryBatt>VHWhen, YH=1、YM=YL0. Thus, according to YH、YMAnd YLThe logical value of (2) can know the range section of the voltage of the current lithium battery.
As shown in fig. 7, 3 logic signals of the first combinational logic unit are input to the second combinational logic unit, and the second combinational logic unit outputs 6 control signals Cont-PWM1, Cont-PWM2, Cont-i, Cont-v, Cont-1 and Cont-2, which are respectively connected to the gate of the first MOS transistor Q1, the gate of the second MOS transistor Q2, the gate of the third MOS transistor Q3, the gate of the fourth MOS transistor Q4, the drive signal control terminal of the first relay K1 and the drive signal control terminal of the second relay K2;
the working principle is as follows: when Y isL=1、YH=YMWhen the value is 0, Cont-PWM2, Cont-v, Cont-1, Cont-PWM1, Cont-i, Cont-2, 0;
when Y isM=1、YH=YLWhen the value is 0, Cont-i ═ Cont-2 ═ 1, Cont-PWM1 ═ Cont-PWM2 ═ Cont-v ═ Cont-1 ═ 0;
when Y isH=1、YM=YLWhen the value is 0, Cont-PWM1, Cont-v, Cont-2, and Cont-PWM2, Cont-i, Cont-1, are 1.
In the utility model, the power supply of the first control circuit and the second control circuit is provided by the lithium battery, and the lithium battery realizes the output of 12V, 5V and other auxiliary power supplies through the three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit and supplies power for devices such as the operational amplifier and the logic chip of the control circuit; when the lithium battery is not connected, the control circuit does not work, so that the power consumption is reduced.
The utility model discloses a theory of operation: when the charger is connected with the AC charging, if the lithium battery is not connected, the control circuit and the output relay of the charger are in a disconnected state, and the standby power consumption of the system is very low; when the lithium battery is connected, the voltage detection circuit detects the voltage of the lithium battery to realize the segmentation of the voltage of the lithium battery, so that the Y of the first combinational logic unitH、YMAnd YLOnly one high level output; on the basis, the second combinational logic unit forms 6 paths of control signals:
when the voltage of the lithium battery is in a low-voltage section, YLWhen the number of the first and second terminals is 1,cont-v is 1 and Cont-i is 0, the third MOS transistor Q3 is turned off, the fourth MOS transistor Q4 is turned on, the voltage loop of the charger is enabled, and the constant voltage is output; Cont-PWM1 is 0, Cont-PWM2 is 1, the first MOS transistor Q1 is turned off, the second MOS transistor Q2 is turned on, so that the PWM2 signal is forced to be low level, and the PWM1 signal makes the subsequent stage output lower voltage; and Cont-1 is equal to 1, Cont-2 is equal to 0, so that the output side outputs after being limited by the current limiting resistor R, and the charging in the activated mode is realized;
when the voltage of the lithium battery is in the medium-voltage section, YMAt this time, Cont-v is 0, Cont-i is 1, the third MOS transistor Q3 is turned on, and the fourth MOS transistor Q4 is turned off, so that the current loop of the charger functions, and the cross current charging is realized under the action of the current controller; Cont-PWM1 is equal to 0, Cont-PWM2 is equal to 0, and both the first MOS transistor Q1 and the second MOS transistor Q2 are turned off; and Cont-1 is 0 and Cont-2 is 1, such that the output side is directly connected to the lithium battery; thereby, the charger is made to be in a constant current charging mode;
when the voltage of the lithium battery is in a high-voltage section, YHAt this time, Cont-v is 1, Cont-i is 0, the third MOS transistor Q3 is turned off, and the fourth MOS transistor Q4 is turned on, so that the voltage loop of the charger is activated and a constant voltage is output; Cont-PWM1 is equal to 1, Cont-PWM2 is equal to 0, the first MOS transistor Q1 is turned on, the second MOS transistor Q2 is turned off, so that the PWM1 is forced to be low level, and the PWM2 signal enables the later stage to output higher voltage; and Cont-1 is 0 and Cont-2 is 1, such that the output side is directly connected to the lithium battery; thus, the charger is made to be in the constant voltage charging mode. Even if the user does not unplug the battery, the final charging voltage will not exceed the output voltage value determined by PWM 2.
The above description is only intended to illustrate embodiments of the present invention, and the description is specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A kind of utensilThe lithium battery charger with the multi-mode charging function comprises an AC/DC converter, a DC/DC converter, a first control circuit and a second control circuit, wherein the first control circuit is used for controlling the output of the AC/DC converter, and the second control circuit is used for controlling the output of the DC/DC converter; the alternating current is electrically connected to the input of the AC/DC converter, the output of the AC/DC converter is connected with the DC/DC converter, and the output of the DC/DC converter is used for supplying power to the lithium battery; the second control circuit comprises a current controller, a voltage controller and an optical coupler, and a current detection signal I is output by the chargerBatt-sampleA current feedback input end of the current controller and a voltage detection signal V of the output end of the chargerBatt-sampleThe current controller is connected with the output end of the voltage controller and is connected to the cathode of the primary side light-emitting diode of the optical coupler, and a secondary side signal of the optical coupler is output to the DC/DC converter; the method is characterized in that: the circuit also comprises a relay branch circuit, a PWM signal generating circuit and a voltage detecting and segmenting circuit;
the relay branch circuit is arranged between the output of the DC/DC converter and the input of the lithium battery and comprises a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit which are connected in parallel, the first branch circuit comprises a first relay K1 and a current-limiting resistor R which are connected in series, and the second branch circuit is provided with a second relay K2;
the PWM signal generating circuit is used for outputting two paths of square wave signals PWM1 and PWM2 with different duty ratios, and PWM1 and PWM2 signals are input into the voltage controller; the output end of the PWM1 signal is connected with the drain electrode of a first MOS tube Q1, and the source electrode of the first MOS tube Q1 is grounded; the output end of the PWM2 signal is connected with the drain electrode of a second MOS tube Q2, and the source electrode of the second MOS tube Q2 is grounded;
the output ends of the current controller and the voltage controller are respectively connected in series with a third MOS tube Q3 and a fourth MOS tube Q4, the output end of the current controller is connected with the drain electrode of the third MOS tube Q3, the output end of the voltage controller is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube Q4, and the source electrodes of the third MOS tube Q3 and the fourth MOS tube Q4 are connected and connected to the cathode of the primary side light-emitting diode of the optical coupler;
the voltage detection and segmentation circuit comprises a voltage detection unit, a voltage comparison unit and a first combined logic unit which are connected in sequence; positive electrode connection of lithium batteryThe voltage detection unit outputs a lithium battery voltage detection signal; the voltage comparison unit comprises a first comparator and a second comparator which are connected in parallel, and the reference voltage of the first comparator is a high threshold voltage VHThe reference voltage of the second comparator is a low threshold voltage VLThe first comparator and the second comparator respectively output two paths of voltage comparison signals XHAnd XL(ii) a The first combinational logic unit outputs 3 logic signals, respectively YH、YMAnd YLThe device comprises a voltage division unit, a voltage division unit and a control unit, wherein the voltage division unit is used for representing the voltage division interval information of the lithium battery;
the 3 logic signals of the first combination logic unit are input to the second combination logic unit, the second combination logic unit outputs 6 control signals Cont-PWM1, Cont-PWM2, Cont-i, Cont-v, Cont-1 and Cont-2 which are respectively connected to the grid of the first MOS tube Q1, the grid of the second MOS tube Q2, the grid of the third MOS tube Q3, the grid of the fourth MOS tube Q4, the drive signal control end of the first relay K1 and the drive signal control end of the second relay K2.
2. The lithium battery charger with a multi-mode charging function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the PWM signal generating circuit is composed of a 555 chip and a peripheral circuit thereof.
3. The lithium battery charger with a multi-mode charging function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the voltage detection unit adopts a resistance voltage division circuit.
4. The lithium battery charger with a multi-mode charging function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first control circuit employs a control circuit based on a UCC28019A chip.
5. The lithium battery charger with a multi-mode charging function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the second control circuit adopts a control circuit based on an L6599A chip.
CN201921486944.9U 2019-09-09 2019-09-09 Lithium battery charger with multi-mode charging function Active CN210724292U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116247781A (en) * 2023-05-09 2023-06-09 合肥安轩能源有限公司 Low-power consumption power supply circuit of high-voltage lithium battery BMS

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116247781A (en) * 2023-05-09 2023-06-09 合肥安轩能源有限公司 Low-power consumption power supply circuit of high-voltage lithium battery BMS
CN116247781B (en) * 2023-05-09 2023-07-11 合肥安轩能源有限公司 Low-power consumption power supply circuit of high-voltage lithium battery BMS

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