CN209217741U - Battery charge controller and mobile power source - Google Patents

Battery charge controller and mobile power source Download PDF

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Publication number
CN209217741U
CN209217741U CN201821799539.8U CN201821799539U CN209217741U CN 209217741 U CN209217741 U CN 209217741U CN 201821799539 U CN201821799539 U CN 201821799539U CN 209217741 U CN209217741 U CN 209217741U
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output
battery
voltage
electric current
output voltage
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郑毅成
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Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
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Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
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Abstract

It includes voltage transformation components, battery and feedback regulation component that the utility model embodiment, which discloses a kind of battery charge controller and mobile power source, the battery charge controller, wherein voltage transformation components are connect with battery, and battery is connect with feedback regulation component;Feedback regulation component for detecting the state of battery, and controls pressure adjustment adaptor according to battery status and carries out output adjustment, obtains the first output voltage and the first output electric current of the pressure adjustment adaptor output;Wherein, the battery status includes at least cell voltage and battery current, and first output voltage is higher than the cell voltage, and the first output electric current is equal to the battery current;Voltage transformation components, for receiving first output voltage and the first output electric current, and boosting or decompression transformation are carried out to first output voltage and the first output electric current, the second output voltage obtained after transformation and the second output electric current are supplied to battery and charged.

Description

Battery charge controller and mobile power source
Technical field
The utility model relates to charging technique field more particularly to a kind of battery charge controllers and mobile power source.
Background technique
With the development of science and technology, consumer electronics product is more and more, have become indispensable portion in people's life Point.Along with the appearance of consumer electronics product, people are also higher and higher to charge requirement.At this time adapter is as a kind of normal The power supply unit for the small portable consumption electronic product seen, be widely used in smart phone, tablet computer, Portable fan, In the electronic equipments such as sound equipment, mobile power source.
Different adapters, nominal voltage and electric current are different, and corresponding fan-out capability is also not quite similar, such as often at present The adapter seen includes at least pressure common 5V/2A specification and ordinary high pressure 9V/2A specification, if the battery electricity in electronic product For pressure between the output voltage of these two types of adapters, existing solution one side charge efficiency is lower, on the other hand It can not be compatible with pressure common adapter and ordinary high pressure adapter simultaneously.
Utility model content
The main purpose of the utility model is that a kind of battery charge controller and mobile power source are proposed, so that pressure regulation is adapted to The output voltage of device follows cell voltage to carry out dynamic change, can reduce charging fever, improves charge efficiency;May be used also simultaneously To be compatible with pressure common adapter, ordinary high pressure adapter and USB port, due to having shared voltage converter circuit, not only Save Material Cost and PCB space, and good compatibility.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the utility model is achieved in that
In a first aspect, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of battery charge controller, the battery charge controller includes: Voltage transformation components, battery and feedback regulation component, the voltage transformation components are connect with the battery, the battery with it is described The connection of feedback regulation component, wherein
The feedback regulation component controls pressure adjustment adaptor for detecting the state of the battery, and according to battery status Output adjustment is carried out, the first output voltage and the first output electric current of the pressure adjustment adaptor output are obtained;Wherein, the battery State includes at least cell voltage and battery current, and first output voltage is higher than the cell voltage, first output Electric current is equal to the battery current;
The voltage transformation components, for receiving first output voltage and the first output electric current, and to described First output voltage and the first output electric current carry out boosting or decompression transformation, the second output voltage that will be obtained after transformation The battery is supplied to the second output electric current to charge.
Second aspect, the utility model embodiment provide a kind of mobile power source, and the mobile power source includes at least such as the Battery charge controller described in one side.
The third aspect, the utility model embodiment provide a kind of charge control system, and the charge control system includes Power supply unit and mobile power source;Wherein, the power supply unit includes at least following one of them: pressure adjustment adaptor, high pressure are common The common adapter of adapter, low pressure and USB port, the mobile power source include at least charge control dress as described in relation to the first aspect It sets.
A kind of battery charge controller and mobile power source provided by the utility model embodiment, the battery charge controller Including voltage transformation components, battery and feedback regulation component;The state of the battery, and root are detected by the feedback regulation component The pressure adjustment adaptor is controlled according to battery status and carries out output adjustment, obtains the first output electricity of the pressure adjustment adaptor output Pressure and the first output electric current, wherein the first output voltage is higher than cell voltage, and the first output electric current is equal to battery current;In this way, When the voltage transformation components are when receiving first output voltage and the first output electric current, by the voltage transformation Component carries out boosting or decompression transformation to first output voltage and the first output electric current, the will obtained after transformation Two output voltages and the second output electric current are supplied to the battery and charge;Since the first output voltage is slightly above battery electricity Pressure, the first output electric current are equal to battery current, the voltage transformation components can be made to continue working in best efficiency point, reduced Charging fever, to improve charge efficiency;The self-characteristic for being additionally based on voltage transformation components (is provided simultaneously with boosting inverter And decompression transformation), it can also be compatible with pressure common adapter, ordinary high pressure adapter and USB port, due to having shared voltage Converter circuit not only saves Material Cost and PCB space, and good compatibility.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of composed structure schematic diagram of battery charge controller provided by the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 2 is a kind of composed structure schematic diagram of mobile power source provided by the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 3 is a kind of composed structure schematic diagram of charge control system provided by the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 4 is a kind of flow diagram of charge control method provided by the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 5 is the flow diagram of another charge control method provided by the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 6 is a kind of detailed process schematic diagram of charge control method provided by the embodiment of the utility model.
Specific embodiment
The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, carries out the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model Clearly and completely describe.
Referring to Fig. 1, it illustrates a kind of composed structure signals of battery charge controller provided by the embodiment of the utility model Figure;As shown in Figure 1, the battery charge controller 110 includes: voltage transformation components 1101, battery 1102 and feedback regulation component 1103, the voltage transformation components 1101 are connect with the battery 1102, the battery 1102 and the feedback regulation component 1103 connections, wherein
The feedback regulation component 1103 for detecting the state of battery 1102, and controls pressure regulation according to battery status and fits Orchestration 120 carries out output adjustment, obtains the first output voltage and the first output electric current of the output of pressure adjustment adaptor 120;Wherein, institute Battery status is stated including at least cell voltage and battery current, first output voltage is higher than the cell voltage, and described the One output electric current is equal to the battery current;
The voltage transformation components 1101, for receiving first output voltage and the first output electric current, and it is right First output voltage and the first output electric current carry out boosting or decompression transformation, by the obtain after transformation second output Voltage and the second output electric current are supplied to the battery 1102 and charge.
It should be noted that voltage transformation components 1101 refer to the component for being provided simultaneously with boosting inverter and decompression transformation, adjust Pressure adapter 120 refers to the adapter with voltage regulatory function;In the utility model embodiment, pressure adjustment adaptor 120 is simultaneously It is not limited only to dedicated pressure adjustment adaptor, if high power transmission (Power Delivery, PD)/quick charge (Quick Charge, QC) etc. the high-voltage adapters of charge protocols also there is voltage regulatory function, these high-voltage adapters are referred to as adjusting Adapter is pressed, the utility model embodiment is not especially limited.
It should also be noted that, pressure adjustment adaptor 120 has charge function, for being built-in in battery charge controller 110 Battery 1102 charge.Specifically, the state of battery 1102 is detected by feedback regulation component 1103, and according to battery status Come control pressure adjustment adaptor 120 carry out output adjustment, enable the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor 120 follow cell voltage into Mobile state variation reaches the first output voltage higher than cell voltage, and the first output electric current is equal to battery current;In this way, working as voltage Transform component 1101 is when receiving the first output voltage and the first output electric current that pressure adjustment adaptor 120 is exported, by voltage Transform component 1101 carries out boosting or decompression transformation to first output voltage and the first output electric current, after transformation The first output voltage and transformed first output electric current be supplied to the battery 1102 and charge;At this time since first is defeated Voltage is slightly above cell voltage out, and the first output electric current is equal to battery current, voltage transformation components 1101 can be made to continue work Make charging fever to be reduced, to improve charge efficiency in best efficiency point.
In some embodiments, battery 1102 includes the battery of the double core struetures of series connection.
It should be noted that battery 1102 not only can be double core struetures of connecting in the utility model embodiment Battery is also possible to the battery of double core struetures in parallel, can also be the battery of single core strueture, the utility model embodiment is not Make specific limit.Here, the whether battery 1102 of the double core struetures of series connection, or the battery 1102 of double core struetures in parallel, The battery 1102 of even single core strueture, the output voltage and output electric current of pressure adjustment adaptor 120 pass through voltage transformation components After 1101 carry out boosting or decompression transformation, available corresponding charging voltage and charging current, for being battery 1102 It charges.
In some embodiments, feedback regulation component 1103 is specifically used for obtaining the battery status detected and institute State the output state of pressure adjustment adaptor 120;The battery status and the output state are compared;According to the knot compared Fruit controls the pressure adjustment adaptor 120 and carries out output adjustment to the output state, obtains the of pressure adjustment adaptor output One output voltage and the first output electric current;Wherein, first output voltage is higher than the cell voltage, the first output electricity Stream is equal to the battery current.
It should be noted that the output state of pressure adjustment adaptor 120 includes output voltage and output electric current.In order to enable adjusting The output voltage of pressure adapter 120 can follow cell voltage to carry out dynamic change, in the utility model embodiment, for electricity The detection of pond state can be real-time perfoming, by the real-time adjustment to 120 output state of pressure adjustment adaptor, can tie up always The output voltage that hold pressure adjustment adaptor 120 is slightly above cell voltage, and the output electric current of pressure adjustment adaptor 120 is equal to battery electricity Stream, so that the charge efficiency highest of voltage transformation components 1101.
In some embodiments, voltage transformation components 1101 include step-down/up type One Buck-Boost converter body;Wherein, described One Buck-Boost converter body is for realizing boosting inverter or decompression transformation.
In some embodiments, the operating mode of voltage transformation components 1101 includes first mode and second mode;Wherein, The first mode is used to characterize the operating mode of decompression transformation, such as Buck mode;The second mode is for characterizing boosting The operating mode of transformation, such as Boost mode.
Optionally, when being that battery 1102 is charged by pressure adjustment adaptor 120, voltage transformation components 1101 are worked in First mode;The voltage transformation components 1101, the first output voltage exported specifically for receiving the pressure adjustment adaptor 120 Electric current is exported with first, and decompression transformation is carried out to first output voltage and the first output electric current, will be obtained after transformation To the second output voltage and the second output electric current be supplied to the battery 1102 and charge;Wherein, the first output electricity Pressure is higher than second output voltage, and the first output electric current is equal to the second output electric current.
Optionally, when being that battery 1102 is charged by the common adapter 130 of low pressure, 1101 work of voltage transformation components Make in second mode;The voltage transformation components 1101 are also used to receive the third output electricity that the common adapter 130 of low pressure exports Pressure and third export electric current, and carry out boosting inverter to the third output voltage and third output electric current, after transformation The 4th obtained output voltage and the 4th output electric current are supplied to the battery and charge;Wherein, the third output voltage Lower than the 4th output voltage, the third output electric current is equal to the 4th output electric current.
Optionally, when being that battery 1102 is charged by the common adapter 140 of high pressure, 1101 work of voltage transformation components Make in first mode;The voltage transformation components 1101 are also used to receive the 5th output electricity that the common adapter 140 of high pressure exports Pressure and the 5th output electric current, and decompression transformation is carried out to the 5th output voltage and the 5th output electric current, after transformation Obtained the 6th output voltage and transformed 6th output electric current is supplied to the battery and charges;Wherein, the described 5th Output voltage is higher than the 6th output voltage, and the 5th output electric current is equal to the 6th output electric current.
It should be noted that voltage transformation components 1101 include step-down/up type One Buck-Boost converter body;Wherein, Buck- Boost is that a kind of output voltage both can be lower than or be higher than the single tube of input voltage not isolated DC converter, It can be regarded as Buck converter and Boost connect, only incorporate switching tube;One Buck-Boost converter body Not only boosting inverter may be implemented, but also decompression transformation may be implemented, determine that the utility model is implemented with specific reference to actual use situation Example is not especially limited.
It should also be noted that, the efficiency of One Buck-Boost converter body is the electricity in input terminal from the angle of gross data Efficient point highest when crimping the voltage of nearly output end;That is, the voltage when One Buck-Boost converter body both ends is approximately equal When, for power switch (such as metal-oxide-semiconductor) duty ratio in One Buck-Boost converter body close to 100%, power loss is mainly access Impedance and slight metal-oxide-semiconductor switching loss;By taking certain tests veneer as an example, tester is reachable by testing obtained efficiency 97.5%.Based on this, in the utility model embodiment, pressure adjustment adaptor 120 can be adjusted by feedback regulation component 1103 Output voltage follow cell voltage to carry out dynamic change so that voltage transformation components 1101 are continued working in best efficiency point, Quick charge can be carried out for battery 1102, to improve charge efficiency.
In addition, either pressure common adapter 130 or ordinary high pressure adapter 140 or even USB port 150, due to Cannot achieve output voltage follows cell voltage to carry out dynamic change, can be boosted at this time by voltage transformation components 1101 Transformation or decompression transformation obtain charging voltage and charging current required for battery 1102 charges and are commonly charged;Wherein, The charging current commonly to charge is less than the charging current of quick charge;For example the charging current commonly to charge is 0.3A, is quickly filled The charging current of electricity is 1A;Here, for the charging current and quick charge that commonly charge charging current value, according to reality Border applicable cases are specifically arranged, and the utility model embodiment is not especially limited.
For example, battery charge controller 110 as shown in connection with fig. 1, voltage transformation components 1101 work in first mode Efficiency highest when (such as Buck mode);If being that battery 1102 charges by pressure adjustment adaptor 120, electricity can control Pressure transform component 1101 works in first mode;After feedback regulation component 1103 gets battery status detected, by Feedback regulation component 1103 carries out output adjustment to pressure adjustment adaptor 120 according to the battery status;Wherein, Adjustment principle be With the raising of cell voltage in charging process, needs dynamic to adjust the first output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor 120, maintain always The first output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor 120 be slightly above cell voltage, the first output electric current of pressure adjustment adaptor 120 is equal to electricity Pond electric current;The first output voltage obtained after voltage transformation components 1101 receive the pressure adjustment adaptor 120 in output adjustment When with the first output electric current, first output voltage and the first output electric current are carried out by voltage transformation components 1101 The second output voltage obtained after transformation and the second output electric current are supplied to battery 1102 and carried out fastly by boosting or decompression transformation Speed charging, until the charging complete of battery 1102;It, can if being that battery 1102 charges by the common adapter 130 of low pressure Second mode (such as Boost mode) is worked in control voltage transformation components 1101;Since the common adapter 130 of low pressure can not It realizes that output voltage follows cell voltage to carry out dynamic change, the common adapter of low pressure can be received by voltage transformation components 1101 The 130 third output voltages exported and third export electric current, and export electric current to the third output voltage and the third Boosting inverter is carried out, the 4th output voltage obtained after transformation and the 4th output electric current are supplied to battery 1102 and are commonly filled Electricity;If being that battery 1102 charges by the common adapter 140 of high pressure, it can control voltage transformation components 1101 and work in First mode;Cell voltage is followed to carry out dynamic change, Ke Yiyou since the common adapter 140 of high pressure cannot achieve output voltage Voltage transformation components 1101 receive the 5th output voltage that the common adapter 140 of high pressure is exported and the 5th output electric current, and right 5th output voltage and the 5th output electric current carry out decompression transformation, by the 6th output voltage obtained after transformation and the Six output electric currents are supplied to battery 1102 and are commonly charged;If being that battery 1102 charges by USB port 150, generally For, USB port is usually 5V/500mA specification, belongs to low pressure chargeable range, then can control 1101 work of voltage transformation components Make in second mode;Cell voltage is followed to carry out dynamic change since USB port 150 cannot achieve output voltage, it can be by electricity Pressure transform component 1101 receives the 7th output voltage that USB port 150 is exported and the 7th output electric current, and defeated to the described 7th Voltage and the 7th output electric current carry out boosting inverter out, by the 8th output voltage obtained after transformation and the 8th output electric current Battery 1102 is supplied to commonly to be charged;Since boost function can be thus achieved in voltage transformation components 1101, and may be implemented Buck functionality, it can at the same compatible pressure adjustment adaptor, pressure common adapter, ordinary high pressure adapter and USB port, needle To voltage transformation, voltage transformation components 1101 are also shared, to not only save Material Cost and PCB space, and compatible Property is good.
In some embodiments, feedback regulation component 1103 is also used to battery status and pressure adjustment adaptor according to foundation Corresponding relationship between 120 output empirical value, obtains output empirical value corresponding to the battery status that detection obtains;Based on institute Output empirical value is stated, pressure adjustment adaptor 120 is controlled by output state and is adjusted to the output empirical value.
It should be noted that one can be passed through before establishing battery status and exporting the corresponding relationship between empirical value The testing experiment of series obtains corresponding to different battery status under the premise of 1101 efficiency of voltage transformation components is highest The output state of pressure adjustment adaptor 120, using these output states got by test as the output of pressure adjustment adaptor 120 Empirical value, so as to establish out battery status and export the corresponding relationship between empirical value.
It is to be appreciated that the adjustment for 120 output state of pressure adjustment adaptor, in addition to pressure adjustment adaptor 120 can be made Output voltage be slightly above except cell voltage, can also use following output states adjustment;Specifically, pressure regulation is controlled first The output voltage of adapter 120 is lower than cell voltage, by input terminal cut-off current (the i.e. pressure adjustment adaptor of voltage transformation components 1101 120 output electric currents cut-off current) and output end cut-off current (i.e. the cut-off current of battery current) control in battery constant current The current value in (Constant Current, CC) stage;It then is that battery 1102 charges by voltage transformation components 1101, And pressure adjustment adaptor 120 is controlled by feedback regulation component 1103 and carries out output adjustment;Due to the output electricity of pressure adjustment adaptor 120 It forces down in cell voltage, so that the input terminal electric current (i.e. the output electric current of pressure adjustment adaptor 120) of voltage transformation components 1101 is first Reach cut-off current, as the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor 120 continues to increase, battery current can also progressively reach cut-off current, At this time stop increasing the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor 120, with being gradually increased for cell voltage, battery current can gradually subtract It is small;When battery current is reduced to predetermined current threshold, at this time increase the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor 120 again, until electricity The charging complete in pond 1102.Since the setting of current-limiting points can be increased in voltage transformation components 1101, and pass through in the prior art The technical solution that power switch is directly filled is compared, due to increasing current-limiting points in voltage transformation components 1101, so that safety It is higher.
It can thus be seen that battery charge controller provided in this embodiment, which includes voltage transformating part Part, battery and feedback regulation component;Wherein, voltage transformation components are connect with battery, and battery is connect with feedback regulation component, can be with Enable the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor that cell voltage is followed to carry out dynamic change, reaches the first output voltage and be slightly above electricity Cell voltage, the first output electric current is equal to battery current, so that the voltage transformation components are continued working in best efficiency point, Charging fever is reduced, to improve charge efficiency;It is additionally based on the self-characteristic of voltage transformation components, can also be compatible with general Logical low pressure adapter, ordinary high pressure adapter and USB port, at the same also without it is additional increase power switch (such as metal-oxide-semiconductor, Other current switches etc.) and charge pump (charge pump) component as fast charge access, not only save Material Cost and PCB Space, and good compatibility.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, it illustrates a kind of groups of mobile power source provided by the embodiment of the utility model At structural schematic diagram;As shown in Fig. 2, the mobile power source 20 may include battery charge controller 110 described in previous embodiment.
In some embodiments, referring to Fig. 3, it illustrates a kind of charge control systems provided by the embodiment of the utility model Composed structure schematic diagram;As shown in figure 3, the charge control system 30 includes power supply unit 310 and mobile power source 20;Its In, power supply unit 310 is attached with mobile power source 20 by charging connection wire, and power supply unit 310 passes through charging connection Line is the charging of mobile power source 20;Here, power supply unit 310 may include pressure adjustment adaptor 120, the common adapter 130 of low pressure, height Common adapter 140 and USB port 150 are pressed, mobile power source 20 may include battery charge controller described in previous embodiment 110。
Based on the battery charge controller that previous embodiment provides, referring to fig. 4, it illustrates the utility model embodiment offers A kind of charge control method flow diagram, this method can be applied to mobile power source described in previous embodiment, the party Method may include:
S401: the battery status of the mobile power source is detected;Wherein, the battery status includes at least cell voltage and electricity Pond electric current;
S402: according to the battery status, sending the first control instruction to pressure adjustment adaptor, and receives the pressure regulation adaptation The first output voltage and the first output electric current that device is exported according to first control instruction;Wherein, first control refers to It enabling and carries out output adjustment for controlling the pressure adjustment adaptor, first output voltage is higher than the cell voltage, and described the One output electric current is equal to the battery current;
S403: boosting or decompression transformation are carried out to first output voltage and the first output electric current, will be converted The second output voltage obtained afterwards and the second output electric current are supplied to battery and charge.
It should be noted that the battery status includes at least battery by the battery status for detecting the mobile power source Voltage and battery current;According to the battery status, the first control instruction is sent to pressure adjustment adaptor, and it is suitable to receive the pressure regulation The first output voltage and the first output electric current that orchestration is exported according to first control instruction;Since the first control instruction is used Output adjustment is carried out in controlling the pressure adjustment adaptor, the output voltage of the pressure adjustment adaptor is enabled to follow cell voltage Dynamic change is carried out, reaches the first output voltage higher than cell voltage, the first output electric current is equal to battery current, and makes the shifting Dynamic power supply is continued working in best efficiency point;First output voltage and the first output electric current are boosted or dropped Buckling is changed, and the second output voltage obtained after transformation and the second output electric current are supplied to battery and are charged;In this way, due to moving Dynamic power supply is continued working in best efficiency point, charging fever is reduced, to improve charge efficiency.
In some embodiments, the battery includes the battery of double core struetures of connecting.
It should be noted that battery is built in inside mobile power source;Here, battery not only can be the double core struetures of series connection Battery, be also possible to the battery of core struetures in parallel double, can also be the battery of single core strueture, the utility model embodiment It is not especially limited.
In some embodiments, described according to the battery status, send the first control instruction to pressure adjustment adaptor it Before, the method also includes:
When detect pressure adjustment adaptor access the mobile power source when, be based on charge protocol, establish the mobile power source with The connection of shaking hands of the pressure adjustment adaptor;
When the connection of shaking hands is successfully established, communicated between the mobile power source and the pressure adjustment adaptor.
It should be noted that mobile power source can be connected with pressure adjustment adaptor by usb line first, so that the two Charging Handshake Protocol can be linked up, convenient for establishing connection of shaking hands.Specifically, mobile power source and pressure adjustment adaptor pass through USB interface Line, which is connected, can refer to that the input interface being arranged on mobile power source and the interface being arranged in pressure adjustment adaptor pass through USB interface Line connection, so that mobile power source and pressure adjustment adaptor can link up charging Handshake Protocol, convenient for establishing connection of shaking hands;And When connection of shaking hands is successfully established, two-way communication can be carried out between mobile power source and pressure adjustment adaptor.Wherein, usb line In power supply line for pressure adjustment adaptor be battery charging built in mobile power source, the data line in usb line is used for pressure regulation Adapter and mobile power source carry out two-way communication.
It should also be noted that, the charge protocol of the utility model embodiment can be BC1.2 charge protocol, here BC1.2 full name is Battery Charge 1.2, wherein 1.2 be the version of agreement.BC1.2 charge protocol is mainly used in USB On hub, under normal circumstances, the output current value of USB port is average in 5V/500mA, but supports BC1.2 charge protocol USB port, maximum can extend to 5V/1.5A.In the utility model embodiment, charge protocol is not limited in BC1.2 and fills Electric agreement can also be other protocol versions, such as power transmission (Power Delivery, PD) charge protocol and fast charge (Quick Charge, QC) charge protocol, the utility model embodiment are not especially limited.
In some embodiments, described that first control instruction is sent to pressure adjustment adaptor according to the battery status, and connect Receive the first output voltage and the first output electric current that the pressure adjustment adaptor is exported according to first control instruction, comprising:
Based on the communication between the mobile power source and the pressure adjustment adaptor, the output shape of the pressure adjustment adaptor is obtained State;
The battery status and the output state are compared;
According to the result of the comparison, the first control instruction is sent to the pressure adjustment adaptor;
The first output voltage and first that the pressure adjustment adaptor is exported according to first control instruction is received to export Electric current.
It should be noted that mobile power source is built-in with feedback regulation component;By feedback regulation component retrieval to detected After battery status, battery status can be compared with the output state of pressure adjustment adaptor;According to the result of the comparison, the is sent One control instruction is to the pressure adjustment adaptor, so that the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor is slightly above cell voltage, pressure regulation adaptation The output electric current of device is equal to battery current.For example, if the cell voltage that current detection obtains is 3V, if pressure adjustment adaptor Output voltage be 2.7V, then the first control instruction transmitted by feedback regulation component is used for the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor 3.05V is adjusted to height adjustment, such as by output voltage;If the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor is 3.5V, feedback regulation First control instruction transmitted by component is used for the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor is whole to low-key, for example output voltage is adjusted To 3.05V;In this way, voltage can be made since the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor is that cell voltage is followed to carry out dynamic change Transform component is continued working in best efficiency point.
In some embodiments, the mobile power source includes voltage transformation components;Wherein, the work of the voltage transformation components Operation mode includes first mode and second mode;Wherein, the first mode is used to characterize the operating mode of decompression transformation, such as Buck mode, the second mode are used to characterize the operating mode of boosting inverter, such as Boost mode.
Optionally, when being that the battery is charged by the pressure adjustment adaptor, the voltage transformation components work In first mode;It is described to first output voltage and it is described first output electric current carry out boosting or decompression transformation, will become The second output voltage obtained after changing and the second output electric current are supplied to battery and charge, comprising:
Receive the first output voltage and the first output electric current that the pressure adjustment adaptor is exported;
Decompression transformation is carried out to first output voltage and the first output electric current by the voltage transformation components, The second output voltage obtained after transformation and the second output electric current are supplied to the battery and charged;Wherein, described first Output voltage is higher than second output voltage, and the first output electric current is equal to the second output electric current.
Optionally, when being that the battery is charged by the common adapter of low pressure, the voltage transformation components work In second mode;The method also includes:
Receive the third output voltage and third output electric current that the common adapter of the low pressure is exported;
Electric current is exported to the third output voltage and the third by the voltage transformation components and carries out boosting inverter, The 4th output voltage obtained after transformation and the 4th output electric current are supplied to the battery and charged;Wherein, the third Output voltage is lower than the 4th output voltage, and the third output electric current is equal to the 4th output electric current.
Optionally, when being that the battery is charged by the common adapter of high pressure, the voltage transformation components work In first mode;The method also includes:
Receive the 5th output voltage and the 5th output electric current that the common adapter of the high pressure is exported;
Decompression transformation is carried out to the 5th output voltage and the 5th output electric current by the voltage transformation components, The 6th output voltage obtained after transformation and the 6th output electric current are supplied to the battery and charged;Wherein, the described 5th Output voltage is higher than the 6th output voltage, and the 5th output electric current is equal to the 6th output electric current.
For example, battery charge controller 110 as shown in connection with fig. 1, voltage transformation components 1101 work in first mode Efficiency highest when (such as Buck mode);If being that battery 1102 charges by pressure adjustment adaptor 120, electricity can control Pressure transform component 1101 works in first mode;In this way after getting battery status detected, by feedback regulation component 1103 carry out output adjustment to pressure adjustment adaptor 120 according to the battery status;Wherein, Adjustment principle be during the charging process with The raising of cell voltage, need dynamic adjust pressure adjustment adaptor 120 the first output voltage, maintain pressure adjustment adaptor always 120 the first output voltage is slightly above cell voltage, and the first output electric current of pressure adjustment adaptor 120 is equal to battery current;Work as electricity When pressure transform component 1101 receives the first output voltage that the pressure adjustment adaptor 120 is exported and the first output electric current, pass through Voltage transformation components 1101 carry out decompression transformation to first output voltage and the first output electric current, will obtain after transformation The first output voltage and transformed first output electric current be supplied to battery 1102 and carry out quick charge, until battery 1102 Charging complete;If being that battery 1102 charges by the common adapter 130 of low pressure, it can control voltage transformation components 1101 Work in second mode (such as Boost mode);Follow battery electric since the common adapter 130 of low pressure cannot achieve output voltage It is pressed into Mobile state variation, it is defeated to receive the third that the common adapter 130 of low pressure is exported by voltage transformation components 1101 in this way Voltage and third export electric current out, and carry out boosting inverter to the third output voltage and third output electric current, will become The 4th output voltage obtained after changing and the 4th output electric current are supplied to battery 1102 and are commonly charged;If common by high pressure Adapter 140 is that battery 1102 charges, then can control voltage transformation components 1101 and work in first mode;Due to high pressure Common adapter 140 cannot achieve output voltage and cell voltage followed to carry out dynamic change, in this way can be by voltage transformation components The 5th output voltage and the 5th output electric current that the 1101 reception common adapters 140 of high pressure are exported, and to the 5th output Voltage and the 5th output electric current carry out decompression transformation, and the 6th output voltage obtained after transformation and the 6th output electric current are mentioned Supply battery 1102 is commonly charged;If being that battery 1102 charges by USB port 150, voltage change can control It changes component 1101 and works in second mode;Cell voltage is followed to carry out dynamic change since USB port 150 cannot achieve output voltage Change, the 7th output voltage and the 7th output electric current that USB port 150 is exported can be received by voltage transformation components 1101, and Boosting inverter is carried out to the 7th output voltage and the 7th output electric current, by the 8th output voltage obtained after transformation and 8th output electric current is supplied to battery 1102 and is commonly charged;Since boosting function can be thus achieved in voltage transformation components 1101 Can, and buck functionality may be implemented, it can while compatible pressure adjustment adaptor, pressure common adapter, ordinary high pressure adapter And USB port has also shared voltage transformation components 1101 for voltage transformation, to not only save Material Cost and PCB Space, and good compatibility.
In some embodiments, it after detecting battery status, can also directly be passed through by the output that test be got Value is tested, the output state for controlling pressure adjustment adaptor is adjusted to corresponding output empirical value;Therefore, the method also includes:
Establish the corresponding relationship between battery status and the output empirical value of pressure adjustment adaptor;
According to the corresponding relationship between the battery status and the output empirical value, the battery status institute detected is obtained Corresponding output empirical value;
Based on the output empirical value, the second control instruction is sent to pressure adjustment adaptor;Wherein, second control instruction Output state is adjusted to the output empirical value for controlling the pressure adjustment adaptor.
It should be noted that one can be passed through before establishing battery status and exporting the corresponding relationship between empirical value The testing experiment of series obtains the output of pressure adjustment adaptor corresponding to different battery status under the premise of peak efficiency State, using these output states got by test as the output empirical value of pressure adjustment adaptor, so as to establish out Corresponding relationship between battery status and output empirical value;It, can be from the corresponding relationship in this way when detection obtains battery status In determine corresponding output empirical value, and the second control instruction is generated according to the output empirical value, and by the second control instruction It is sent to pressure adjustment adaptor, is adjusted to the output empirical value to control pressure adjustment adaptor for output state.
It is to be appreciated that the adjustment for pressure adjustment adaptor output state, the output in addition to pressure adjustment adaptor can be made Voltage is slightly above except cell voltage, can also use the adjustment of following output states;Specifically, pressure adjustment adaptor is controlled first Output voltage be lower than cell voltage, by the input terminal cut-off current of built-in voltage transform component in mobile power source, (i.e. pressure regulation is adapted to Device output electric current cut-off current) and output end cut-off current (i.e. the cut-off current of battery current) control in battery constant current The current value in (Constant Current, CC) stage;It then is that battery charges, and passes through anti-by voltage transformation components It presents regulating member control pressure adjustment adaptor and carries out output adjustment;Since the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor is lower than cell voltage, make The input terminal electric current (i.e. the output electric current of pressure adjustment adaptor) for obtaining voltage transformation components first reaches cut-off current, with pressure adjustment adaptor Output voltage continue to increase, battery current can also progressively reach cut-off current, at this time stop increasing the defeated of pressure adjustment adaptor Voltage out, with being gradually increased for cell voltage, battery current can be gradually reduced;When battery current is reduced to predetermined current threshold When, at this time increase the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor again, until the charging complete of battery.Due to being built-in with electricity in mobile power source Pressure transform component, and voltage transformation components can increase the setting of current-limiting points, carry out with power switch is passed through in the prior art The technical solution directly filled is compared, due to increasing current-limiting points in mobile power source, so that the safety of mobile power source is higher.
A kind of charge control method is present embodiments provided, this method is applied to mobile power source described in previous embodiment; By detecting the battery status of the mobile power source, and according to the battery status, sends the first control instruction and be adapted to pressure regulation Device, and receive the first output voltage and the first output electricity that the pressure adjustment adaptor is exported according to first control instruction Stream;Wherein, the first control instruction carries out output adjustment for controlling pressure adjustment adaptor, to reach the first output voltage higher than battery Voltage, the first output electric current are equal to battery current, the mobile power source can be made to continue working in best efficiency point;To described First output voltage and the first output electric current carry out boosting or decompression transformation, the second output voltage that will be obtained after transformation Battery is supplied to the second output electric current to charge;Since the mobile power source is continued working in best efficiency point, reduce Charging fever, to improve charge efficiency;It is additionally based on the voltage transformation components self-characteristic built in mobile power source, it can be with Compatible pressure common adapter, ordinary high pressure adapter and USB port, not only save Material Cost and PCB space, and Good compatibility.
Based on the battery charge controller that previous embodiment provides, referring to Fig. 5, it illustrates the utility model embodiment offers Another charge control method flow diagram, this method can be applied to pressure adjustment adaptor, and the pressure adjustment adaptor is The charging of built-in battery, this method may include: in mobile power source
S501: the first control instruction that mobile power source is sent is received;Wherein, first control instruction is by the movement Power supply is obtained according to battery status detected;
S502: output adjustment is carried out to the pressure adjustment adaptor according to first control instruction, obtains the first output electricity Pressure and the first output electric current;
S503: first output voltage and the first output electric current are sent to the mobile power source.
It should be noted that the first control instruction sent by receiving mobile power source;Wherein, first control instruction It is to be obtained by the mobile power source according to battery status detected;The pressure regulation is adapted to according to first control instruction Device carries out output adjustment, obtains the first output voltage and the first output electric current;By first output voltage and described first defeated Electric current is sent to the mobile power source out;It can enable the output voltage of the pressure adjustment adaptor that cell voltage is followed to carry out Dynamic change reduces charging fever, fills to improve so that the voltage transformation components are continued working in best efficiency point Electrical efficiency.
In some embodiments, the battery includes the battery of double core struetures of connecting.
It should be noted that battery is built in inside mobile power source;Here, battery not only can be the double core struetures of series connection Battery, be also possible to the battery of core struetures in parallel double, can also be the battery of single core strueture, the utility model embodiment It is not especially limited.
In some embodiments, before first control instruction for receiving the mobile power source transmission, the method Further include:
When detecting that pressure adjustment adaptor accesses the mobile power source, it is based on charge protocol, establishes the pressure adjustment adaptor It is connect with shaking hands for the mobile power source;
When the connection of shaking hands is successfully established, communicated between the pressure adjustment adaptor and the mobile power source.
It should be noted that mobile power source can be connected with pressure adjustment adaptor by usb line first, so that the two Charging Handshake Protocol can be linked up, convenient for establishing connection of shaking hands.Specifically, mobile power source and pressure adjustment adaptor pass through USB interface Line, which is connected, can refer to that the input interface being arranged on mobile power source and the interface being arranged in pressure adjustment adaptor pass through USB interface Line connection, so that pressure adjustment adaptor and mobile power source can link up charging Handshake Protocol, convenient for establishing connection of shaking hands;And When connection of shaking hands is successfully established, two-way communication can be carried out between pressure adjustment adaptor and mobile power source.Wherein, usb line In power supply line for pressure adjustment adaptor be battery charging built in mobile power source, the data line in usb line is used for pressure regulation Adapter and mobile power source carry out two-way communication.
In some embodiments, it after detecting battery status, can also directly be passed through by the output that test be got Value is tested, the output state for controlling pressure adjustment adaptor is adjusted to corresponding output empirical value;Therefore, the method also includes:
Receive the second control instruction that the mobile power source is sent;Wherein, second control instruction is by the movement Power supply is according between the battery status detected and the battery status established and the output empirical value of the pressure adjustment adaptor Corresponding relationship obtain;
According to second control instruction, the output state of the pressure adjustment adaptor is adjusted to the battery status detected Corresponding output empirical value.
It should be noted that one can be passed through before establishing battery status and exporting the corresponding relationship between empirical value The testing experiment of series obtains the output of pressure adjustment adaptor corresponding to different battery status under the premise of peak efficiency State establishes battery status using these output states got by test as the output empirical value of pressure adjustment adaptor Corresponding relationship between output empirical value;It, can be according to second control instruction in this way when receiving the second control instruction Output adjustment is carried out to the output state of pressure adjustment adaptor, to control the output state of pressure adjustment adaptor as detected battery The corresponding output empirical value of state.
A kind of charge control method is present embodiments provided, this method is applied to the adaptation of pressure regulation described in previous embodiment Device;The first control instruction sent by receiving mobile power source, and according to first control instruction to the pressure adjustment adaptor Output adjustment is carried out, the first output voltage and the first output electric current are obtained;Then by first output voltage and described first Output electric current is sent to mobile power source;It can enable the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor that cell voltage is followed to carry out dynamic change Change, so that the voltage transformation components are continued working in best efficiency point, reduce charging fever, to improve charging effect Rate.
Based on the battery charge controller that previous embodiment provides, referring to Fig. 6, it illustrates the utility model embodiment offers A kind of charge control method detailed process schematic diagram, charge control system 30 as shown in connection with fig. 3, which can be with Include:
S601: detect that power supply unit accesses;
S602: it is based on charge protocol, judges the type of power supply unit;
S603: control voltage transformation components work in second mode;
It should be noted that the type of power supply unit can be pressure adjustment adaptor, be also possible to the common adapter of high pressure and The common adapter of low pressure, or even can also be USB port;In general, charge protocol is BC1.2 charge protocol, BC1.2 charging Agreement includes three kinds of USB port types: standard down port (Standard Downstream Port, SDP), special charging end Mouth (Dedicated Charging Port, DCP) and charging downlink port (Charging Downstream Port, CDP).
For example, charge control system 30 as shown in connection with fig. 3, if being based on charge protocol, mobile power source 20 judges When the type of power supply unit 310 is USB port 150 out, since the output voltage of USB port is 5V, for double battery core electricity of connecting For pond, output voltage is lower than cell voltage;At this moment the voltage transformation components built in mobile power source 20 work in second mode (ratio Such as Boost mode), the output voltage of USB port is carried out boosting inverter and then is supplied to battery first to charge;Such as Fruit is based on charge protocol, when mobile power source 20 judges that the type of power supply unit 310 is low pressure common adapter 130, this time shift Voltage transformation components built in dynamic power supply 20 still work in second mode (such as Boost mode);If being based on charge protocol, move When dynamic power supply 20 judges that the type of power supply unit 310 is pressure adjustment adaptor 120, at this moment then need to continue to judge pressure adjustment adaptor Whether 120 shake hands to connect and be successfully established with mobile power source 20.
S604: when power supply unit is pressure adjustment adaptor, judge pressure adjustment adaptor and mobile power source shake hands connection whether It is successfully established;
S605: when the connection of shaking hands establishes unsuccessful, judge whether pressure adjustment adaptor supports High voltage output mode;
S606: pressure adjustment adaptor is adjusted to High voltage output mode, and controls voltage transformation components and works in first mode;
It should be noted that executing step S604 after step S602;According to the judging result of step S604;If holding Hand connection is established unsuccessful, thens follow the steps S605;If connection of shaking hands is successfully established, S607 is thened follow the steps.
S607: when the connection of shaking hands is successfully established, two-way communication is carried out between pressure adjustment adaptor;
S608: based on the two-way communication between pressure adjustment adaptor, judge whether pressure adjustment adaptor supports high-voltage charging;
It should be noted that being directed to step S608, mobile power source will do it whether pressure adjustment adaptor supports high-voltage charging Judgement;According to judgement as a result, if pressure adjustment adaptor does not support high-voltage charging, S603 is thened follow the steps;If pressure adjustment adaptor branch High-voltage charging is held, S609 is thened follow the steps.
S609: when judging result is that pressure adjustment adaptor supports high-voltage charging, battery status detected is obtained;
S610: according to the battery status, the first default output is adjusted to by feedback regulation component controls pressure adjustment adaptor State;
S611: control voltage transformation components work, and it is gradually increased current value of battery current when constant current mode;
S612: being based on the described first default output state, reduces output electricity by feedback regulation component controls pressure adjustment adaptor Pressure, so that output voltage is higher than cell voltage, output electric current is equal to battery current;
S613: during the charging process, with the increase of cell voltage, by the defeated of feedback regulation component controls pressure adjustment adaptor Voltage increases with it out, and output electric current is kept to be equal to battery current.
For example, charge control system 30 still as shown in connection with fig. 3, it is assumed that mobile power source 20 judges power supply unit 310 type is pressure adjustment adaptor 120;Pressure adjustment adaptor 120 is shaken hands with the foundation of mobile power source 20 and is connect;If connection of shaking hands is built Stand it is unsuccessful, but mobile power source 20 judge pressure adjustment adaptor 120 support High voltage output mode, at this moment built in mobile power source 20 Voltage transformation components work in first mode (such as Buck mode), drop first to the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor 120 Buckling alternatively after, be available to battery and charge;If connection of shaking hands is successfully established, it is meant that mobile power source 20 and pressure regulation are suitable It can be with two-way communication between orchestration 120;Based on the two-way communication, mobile power source 20 judges whether pressure adjustment adaptor 120 supports height Pressure charging;If not supporting high-voltage charging, at this time the voltage transformation components built in mobile power source 20 work in second mode, first First the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor 120 is carried out boosting inverter and then is supplied to battery to charge;If supporting high pressure Charging, is adjusted to High voltage output mode for pressure adjustment adaptor 120, while mobile power source 20 obtains battery status detected, than Such as cell voltage, battery current, battery capacity;According to battery status, as the feedback regulation component built in mobile power source 20 Pressure adjustment adaptor is controlled to the first default output state, such as constant pressure (Constant Voltage, CV) mode pair under high pressure The output state answered;At this time voltage transformation components built in mobile power source 20 are opened, during the charging process, mobile power source 20 by Current value of cumulative big battery electric current when constant current mode, while the feedback regulation component controls pressure regulation built in mobile power source 20 Adapter reduces output voltage, so that the output voltage is higher than cell voltage, the output electric current is equal to battery current;Whole In a charging process, with the increase of cell voltage, feedback regulation component controls pressure adjustment adaptor built in mobile power source 20 Output voltage increases with it, and the output electric current is kept to be equal to battery current;Due to the output voltage of the pressure adjustment adaptor Cell voltage can be followed to carry out dynamic change, and continue working the voltage transformation components in best efficiency point, such as electricity Press power switch (such as metal-oxide-semiconductor) duty ratio in transform component close to 100%, at this time the capacitor and electricity in voltage transformation components Brought power loss is small in sense charge and discharge process, charging fever is reduced, to improve charge efficiency;Due in movement Current-limiting points are increased in power supply, so that the safety of mobile power source is higher.
Above-described embodiment elaborates the specific implementation of previous embodiment, the technical side based on previous embodiment Case can reduce charging fever, to improve so that the output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor follows cell voltage to carry out dynamic change Charge efficiency;Also make the safety of mobile power source higher simultaneously.
Above description is only a specific implementation of the present invention, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to In this, anyone skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the utility model, can readily occur in variation Or replacement, it should be covered within the scope of the utility model.Therefore, the protection scope of the utility model should be with the power Subject to the protection scope that benefit requires.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of battery charge controller, which is characterized in that the battery charge controller includes: voltage transformation components, battery and anti- Regulating member is presented, the voltage transformation components are connect with the battery, and the battery is connect with the feedback regulation component, In,
The feedback regulation component for detecting the state of the battery, and controls pressure adjustment adaptor according to battery status and carries out Output adjustment obtains the first output voltage and the first output electric current of the pressure adjustment adaptor output;Wherein, the battery status Including at least cell voltage and battery current, first output voltage is higher than the cell voltage, the first output electric current Equal to the battery current;
The voltage transformation components, for receiving first output voltage and the first output electric current, and to described first Output voltage and the first output electric current carry out boosting or decompression transformation, by the second output voltage obtained after transformation and the Two output electric currents are supplied to the battery and charge.
2. battery charge controller according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the battery includes double core struetures of connecting Battery.
3. battery charge controller according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the feedback regulation component, specifically for obtaining Take the output state of the battery status and the pressure adjustment adaptor detected;By the battery status and the output state It is compared;According to the result of the comparison, it controls the pressure adjustment adaptor and output adjustment is carried out to the output state, obtain described First output voltage of pressure adjustment adaptor output and the first output electric current;Wherein, first output voltage is higher than the battery Voltage, the first output electric current are equal to the battery current.
4. battery charge controller according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the operating mode packet of the voltage transformation components Include first mode and second mode;Wherein, the first mode is used to characterize the operating mode of decompression transformation, the second mode For characterizing the operating mode of boosting inverter.
5. battery charge controller according to claim 4, which is characterized in that when by the pressure adjustment adaptor be the electricity When pond is charged, the voltage transformation components work in the first mode;The voltage transformation components are specifically used for receiving First output voltage and the first output electric current, and first output voltage and the first output electric current are carried out The second output voltage obtained after transformation and the second output electric current are supplied to the battery and charged by decompression transformation;Wherein, First output voltage is higher than second output voltage, and the first output electric current is equal to the second output electric current.
6. battery charge controller according to claim 4, which is characterized in that when by the common adapter of low pressure be the electricity When pond is charged, the voltage transformation components work in the second mode;The voltage transformation components are also used to receive institute State the third output voltage and third output electric current of low pressure common adapter output, and to the third output voltage and described the Three output electric currents carry out boosting inverter, and the 4th output voltage obtained after transformation and the 4th output electric current are supplied to the battery It charges;Wherein, the third output voltage is lower than the 4th output voltage, and third output electric current is equal to described the Four output electric currents.
7. battery charge controller according to claim 4, which is characterized in that when by the common adapter of high pressure be the electricity When pond is charged, the voltage transformation components work in the first mode;The voltage transformation components are also used to receive institute State the 5th output voltage and the 5th output electric current of high pressure common adapter output, and to the 5th output voltage and described the Five output electric currents carry out decompression transformation, and the 6th output voltage obtained after transformation and the 6th output electric current are supplied to the battery It charges;Wherein, the 5th output voltage is higher than the 6th output voltage, and the 5th output electric current is equal to described the Six output electric currents.
8. battery charge controller according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the feedback regulation component is also used to basis Corresponding relationship between the battery status of foundation and the output empirical value of pressure adjustment adaptor, obtains the battery status institute that detection obtains Corresponding output empirical value;Based on the output empirical value, the pressure adjustment adaptor is controlled by output state and is adjusted to described defeated Empirical value out.
9. a kind of mobile power source, which is characterized in that the mobile power source includes at least as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 Battery charge controller.
10. a kind of charge control system, which is characterized in that the charge control system includes power supply unit and mobile power source;Its In, the power supply unit includes at least following one of them: the common adapter of pressure adjustment adaptor, high pressure, the common adapter of low pressure And USB port, the mobile power source include at least battery charge controller as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
CN201821799539.8U 2018-11-01 2018-11-01 Battery charge controller and mobile power source Active CN209217741U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109301903A (en) * 2018-11-01 2019-02-01 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Battery charge controller, method and computer storage medium

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109301903A (en) * 2018-11-01 2019-02-01 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Battery charge controller, method and computer storage medium

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