CN207038009U - A kind of thoracic injury teaching mode - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of thoracic injury teaching mode, by being formed with breastbone, rib and rib interval mark obvious upper half of human body model, attachment means, inflatable ball and accessory.Between the intercostal of linea medioclavicularis the 2nd 3, the intercostal of midaxillary line the 6th 7 and linea medioclavicularis and anterior axillary line of upper half of human body model and its left and right sides rectangular recess is provided with the 5th 7 rib, air bag can be selectively placed in different grooves, by being connected with valvular connecting tube with inflatable ball outside model, the accessory collocation different from groove surfaces, polytype pure thoracic injury and plyability thoracic injury can be simulated, and carries out a variety of skill operation training.Model body surface symbol understands that accurate positioning, sense of touch is true, uses and change simple and convenient, by simulating the various signs of thoracic injury and processing method, student is grasped diagnosis and the treatment skill of common thoracic injury, and the operating method of specification, improves clinical skill.

Description

A kind of thoracic injury teaching mode

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of medical teaching instrument field, more specifically to a kind of thoracic injury teaching mode.

Background technology

Thoracic injury is that foeign element acts on a kind of damage caused by human chest, including closed injury and opening Damage is often sharp instrument, caused by blunt and traffic accident, in increasing trend year by year, because its morbidity is anxious, state of an illness weight and quickly grows as outer An important factor for causing death after wound.Thoracic injury is with single fracture of rib, more fractures of rib, more multistage fractures of rib (flail chest), closed pneumthorax, open pneumothorax, pressure pneumothorax, hemothorax and haemopneumothorax are most common, the polytype in clinic Thoracic injury usually simultaneously and is deposited, i.e. plyability thoracic injury, correct diagnosis and in time treatment be thoracic injury patient rescue into The key of work(, survival and life quality can be effectively improved.

Different thoracic injury principles of reatment is different, key be can accurate judgement damage type and position, and Give appropriate processing.As fracture of rib is apt to occur in 4-7 ribs, field first aid needs to wrap up the fixed wall of the chest, prevents fracture site from damaging Hinder internal organs in thoracic cavity；More multistage fractures of rib (flail chest) also need to pressure dressing and fixed, and control abnormal breathing causes Breathing and disturbance of circulation；Closed pneumthorax takes thoracocentesis or closed drainage of thoracic cavity operation according to the number of pneumothorax amount；Open Putting property pneumothorax needs to close wound immediately and places pleural cavity closed drainage device；Pressure pneumothorax is handled not in time to be led rapidly It is lethal to die, often there is pneumoderm, pleural cavity should be punctured with thick needle immediately in linea medioclavicularis and the 2nd intercostal point of intersection first and arranged Gas depressurizes, external unidirectional valve device, then places pleural cavity closed drainage device；Hemothorax and haemopneumothorax are both needed to execution closed thoracic and drawn Art is flowed, the 6th or the 7th intercostal between midaxillary line and posterior axillary line is chosen and places, haemopneumothorax drainage tube is put in a high position, and hemothorax drainage tube is put in Low level, reach excessive gas and courageous and upright liquid in discharge thoracic cavity, rebuild the purpose of intrapleural negative pressure.

In clinical skills training, student needs to learn the diagnostic method of polytype thoracic injury, emergency treatment and entered One step treatment method.But thoracic injury patient pre hospital care is difficult to realize in bedside practice to the global learning of diagnosis and treatment in institute Process, current domestic related teaching mould can not simulate clinical polytype pure thoracic injury and plyability chest completely Scene is damaged, a variety of disaster treatment rehearsals lack effective analog machine, and clinical thinking and skill training can not simulate It is perfect in operation to realize.With the extensive development of Medical simulation teaching, the diagnosis and treatment technical ability pair of common thoracic injury is expertly grasped Ensure that national life and health has far-reaching influence.

The content of the invention

The present invention is solved in clinical skills training, is difficult to realize thoracic injury patient pre hospital care to diagnosis and treatment in institute Global learning process, domestic related teaching mould can not simulate clinical polytype pure thoracic injury and plyability completely The problem of thoracic injury scene

In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of thoracic injury teaching mode, simulated according to different scenes more Type pure thoracic injury and plyability thoracic injury, student is set directly to contact patient's human body, you can to reach grasp The diagnosis and treatment technical ability of common thoracic injury, realize that pre hospital care is trained to diagnosis and treatment in institute, and the treatment rehearsal of a variety of disasters, it is student Repeat and offer facility is deeply provided.

Specifically, a kind of thoracic injury teaching mode of the present invention, including the human body upper half being made up of breastbone, rib and rib Body model；In the upper half of human body model, linea medioclavicularis 2-3 intercostals, midaxillary line 6-7 ribs positioned at the left and right sides Between, and it is provided with rectangular recess at 5-7 ribs between linea medioclavicularis and anterior axillary line；Pass through rib respectively in six grooves Support secures air bag and/or water pocket；Six grooves pass through the connection pipe trench of the upper half of human body model outer surface respectively And individual channel arranges valve and is connected to inflatable ball；The inflatable ball connects with the air bag.

In addition, the thickening pieces of skin fixed by screw and common skin are equipped with outside the upper half of human body model Piece, and it is provided with pneumoderm piece.

Under preferred embodiment, the rib support is door type support frame, on the door type supporting leg and crossbeam of the rib support Offer slot, grafting single rib stiff sheet, single fracture of rib stiff sheet and Duo Gen multistage fracture of rib films.

Under preferred embodiment, six grooves press human body central distribution in two groups of left and right, and every group arranges one and be located at respectively The inflatable ball of rostral, and arrange the corresponding path and the valve.

Under preferred embodiment, the inflatable ball is provided with the knob valve of regulation and control gas disengaging.In addition, the groove size is 10 ×8×5cm。

Advantages of the present invention and its effect：Model body surface symbol understands that accurate positioning, sense of touch is true, can simulate simple Property thoracic injury, including single fracture of rib, more fractures of rib, more multistage fractures of rib (flail chest), closed pneumthorax, Open pneumothorax, pressure pneumothorax, hemothorax and haemopneumothorax, and plyability thoracic injury, thoracic injury posterior rib can be carried out Nursing training after fracture fixation, pneumothorax puncture decompression, thoracocentesis, closed drainage of thoracic cavity operation and drainage；Air bag, water pocket and Pieces of skin can be changed, and rib support, simulation rib or fracture of rib piece and pneumoderm piece can lay different parts and repeatedly Use, use and change it is simple and convenient, simulate effect lifelike image, can fully meet impart knowledge to students needs.Damaged by simulating chest Hinder various signs and processing method, student is grasped diagnosis and the treatment skill of common thoracic injury, and the operation side of specification Method, clinical skill is improved, can be widely applied to the skill training of medical colleges and schools and medical and health industry.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the frontal planar structural representation of thoracic injury teaching mode structure.

Fig. 2 is that the side view plane of thoracic injury teaching mode structure shows that structure is intended to.

Fig. 3 is the dimensional structure diagram of air bag in thoracic injury teaching mode accessory.

Fig. 4 is the dimensional structure diagram of water pocket in thoracic injury teaching mode accessory.

Fig. 5 is the dimensional structure diagram of rib support in thoracic injury teaching mode accessory.

Fig. 6 is the planar structure schematic diagram of single rib stiff sheet in thoracic injury teaching mode accessory.

Fig. 7 is the planar structure schematic diagram of single fracture of rib stiff sheet in thoracic injury teaching mode accessory.

Fig. 8 is the planar structure schematic diagram of more multistage fracture of rib films in thoracic injury teaching mode accessory.

Fig. 9 is the planar structure schematic diagram that pieces of skin is thickeied in thoracic injury teaching mode accessory.

Figure 10 is the planar structure schematic diagram of common skin piece in thoracic injury teaching mode accessory.

Figure 11 is the planar structure schematic diagram of pneumoderm piece in thoracic injury teaching mode accessory.

Wherein：10th, thoracic injury artificial human body model；101st, pneumothorax groove；102nd, closed drainage of pleural cavity groove；103rd, rib Bone fracture groove；104th, fixing screws；105th, pipe trench is connected；20th, attachment means；201st, connecting tube；202nd, common pipe；203rd, valve Door；30th, inflatable ball；401st, air bag；402nd, water pocket；403rd, rib support；404th, single rib stiff sheet；405th, single fracture of rib is hard Piece；406th, more multistage fracture of rib films；407th, pieces of skin is thickeied；408th, common skin piece；409th, pneumoderm piece.

Embodiment

The present invention can simulate polytype pure thoracic injury and plyability thoracic injury.By thoracic injury human simulation Body Model and accessory composition：

Thoracic injury artificial human body model 10 is with breastbone, rib and the obvious upper half of human body mould of rib interval mark Type, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.Thoracic injury artificial human body model is cladded with the common skin of silica gel, and six are provided with altogether on common skin Locate window, window is arranged right below six with model rectangular recess, and groove size is 10 × 8 × 5cm.It is to be located at bilateral respectively Two pneumothorax grooves 101 of linea medioclavicularis 2-3 intercostals, two closed drainage of pleural cavity grooves 102 of midaxillary line 6-7 intercostals, Two fracture of rib grooves 103 of 5-7 ribs between linea medioclavicularis and anterior axillary line, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.Four of each groove There are four fixing screws 104 on the outside of angle, so as to the installation of each accessory in the present invention.The surface of the model both sides respectively has three Connection pipe trench 105 communicates with the pneumothorax groove 101, closed drainage of pleural cavity groove 102, fracture of rib groove 103 of both sides respectively, and two Respectively there are three connecting tubes 201 to respectively penetrate in three connection pipe trench 105 of homonymy in side attachment means 20 and be opened on each Groove, three connecting tubes 201 have three valves 203 to control and be connected by common pipe 202 with inflatable ball 30 respectively, such as Fig. 1 It is shown.Three connecting tubes 201 are connected on common pipe 202, after common pipe 202 connects inflatable ball 30, are placed in thoracic injury simulated humanbody The rostral of model 10, each one group of left and right side, material is rubber.The outward appearance of inflatable ball and it is functionally equivalent to medical sphygmomanometer and fills Balloon, the knob of its side can regulate and control the disengaging of gas, as shown in Figure 1.

Accessory includes air bag 401, water pocket 402, rib support 403, single rib stiff sheet 404, single fracture of rib stiff sheet 405th, more multistage fracture of rib films 406, thicken pieces of skin 407, common skin piece 408 and pneumoderm piece 409, as Fig. 3- Shown in 11.The material of air bag 401 is top-quality rubber in the present invention, has good elasticity, can be expanded rapidly after pressurization injection air, Resiled rapidly after release air, it is in the same size with groove during gassy, there is air inlet plug can be with connecting tube 201 thereon Opening connection, is put in any groove, and thoracentesis operation is carried out to simulate pneumothorax.In addition, adjusting knob and extruding inflation Ball 30 causes the change of the size of air bag 401 to simulate the change of intrathoracic pressure power, and air bag 401 can be changed, inserted by air inlet Head can be selectively placed in different grooves, arranged in pairs or groups from different accessories, can be simulated polytype thoracic injury.Water pocket 402 (also can load red coloration water with disposable emulsion gloves to make by oneself) materials are that rubber has good elasticity, can use 20ml The originally Fluid Dynamics bloody pleural fluid that injector for medical purpose extracts red is injected by water inlet and fills water pocket 402, stifled with plug Water inlet is closed, it is not communicated with other devices, water pocket 402 is put in both sides closed drainage of pleural cavity groove 102, can be with mould Intend hemothorax and carry out thoracentesis or closed drainage of pleural cavity operation practice.Rib support 403 is door type rigid plastic support frame structure, Occupy little space, can closely be placed in groove with fixation balloon 401 and/or water pocket 402, the door type supporting leg of rib support 403 With offer slot on crossbeam, it is pluggable to lay single rib stiff sheet 404, single fracture of rib stiff sheet 405 and Duo Gen multistage ribs Bone fracture film 406；Single rib stiff sheet 404 and single fracture of rib stiff sheet 405 are made using rigid plastics, are had single Normal rib and single fracture rib moulding, basically identical with the rib traveling of 10 each groove of artificial human body model, sense of touch is true It is real.Multiple single rib stiff sheet 404 or multiple single fracture of rib stiff sheet 405 are placed in both sides difference portion by rib support 403 Position groove surfaces, different type and different parts fracture can be simulated.More multistage fracture of rib films 406 use silica gel system Make, there is more multistage fractures of rib and intercostal space to indicate, chest wall malacia can be embodied and there is " bone rubbing feeling " during pressing, by Rib support 403 is placed in the surface of both sides fracture of rib groove 103, can simulate more multistage fractures of rib (flail chest).Thicken Pieces of skin 407 and common skin piece 408 are the square sheet and thin slice that area is slightly larger than groove surfaces product, can pass through fixation Screw 104 is covered in each groove surfaces window, and the two material is silica gel, and sense of touch is close to real human body.Part is cut, stitched Close and during closed drainage of pleural cavity operation using thickening pieces of skin 407, local palpation and when puncturing with common skin piece 408, subcutaneously The area of wind-puff piece 409 is slightly less than common skin piece 408 and accumulated more than groove surfaces, is flat thin Double Layer Circular nonwoven paper bag, internal layer There is " twisting with the fingers hair sense " equipped with artificial fine sand grain material, during pressing, collectively covered with common skin piece 408 in any notch window table Face, different injury pneumoderms can be simulated.Air bag 401, water pocket 402, thicken pieces of skin 407 and common skin piece 408 Using repeatedly after can change.Rib support 403, single rib stiff sheet 404, single fracture of rib stiff sheet 405, more multistage ribs Fracture film 406 and pneumoderm piece 409 can be placed in different parts and carry out Reusability, and above-mentioned accessory uses and changed letter Victory is convenient.

The simple application method of the present invention：

Teaching mode is positioned on operating desk, teacher can simulate thoracic injury scene according to different cases.

Air bag is positioned in pneumothorax groove and assigns connection tube opening, rib support is placed in fixation balloon in groove, corresponding Single rib stiff sheet is assigned at 3rd rib, and in rib support, window covering common skin piece, teacher opens this connection tube valve, Other valves are closed, inflatable ball is extruded with hand, air simulation closed pneumthorax or pressure pneumothorax, Xue Yuanke is injected into air bag To carry out thoracentesis or puncture exhaust decompression training.

Air bag is positioned in closed drainage of pleural cavity groove, then places water pocket in surface, rib support is placed in groove fixed Air bag and water pocket, single rib stiff sheet is correspondingly assigned at the 7th rib, and in rib support, thickening pieces of skin is covered by fixing screws Lid groove, teacher open this connection tube valve, close other valves, and inflatable ball is extruded with hand, and air sac pressing water pocket simulates hemothorax, Student can carry out closed drainage of pleural cavity operation training.The continuously extruded inflatable ball of teacher, can show pleural cavity closed drainage device Interior water column fluctuates situation.

Air bag is positioned in fracture of rib groove, is propped up by rib and puts more multistage fracture of rib films, window covers Lid common skin piece, can simulate more multistage fractures of rib (flail chest), and teacher opens this connection tube valve, closes other valves Door, extrudes inflatable ball, air bag promotes more multistage fracture of rib films to simulate flail chest abnormal breathing repeatedly with hand. Student can carry out pressure dressing with the fabric pectoral girdle of medical bull and thick yarn pad and fix wall of the chest training.

Other can expand application method：Local subcutaneous wind-puff body can be simulated as placed pneumoderm piece under common skin piece Sign；Wound thickening pieces of skin is placed in groove surfaces, penetrating thoracic trauma wound etc. can be simulated.

Air bag is selectively laid in the different groove of bilateral according to being actually needed, the accessory different from groove surfaces is taken Match somebody with somebody, the sub-control function of mating connection device and the booster action of inflatable ball, a variety of plyability chest damages in clinic can be simulated The sign of wound, such as fracture of rib merge pneumothorax, flail chest merges pressure pneumothorax, penetrating thoracic trauma wound merges haemopneumothorax. The operation training of various ways is provided, so as to improve the diagnosis and treatment technical ability of complicated thoracic injury.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto, Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope of present disclosure, technique according to the invention scheme and its Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A kind of 1. thoracic injury teaching mode, it is characterised in that：

   Including the upper half of human body model being made up of breastbone, rib and rib interval；

   In the upper half of human body model, linea medioclavicularis 2-3 intercostals, midaxillary line 6-7 intercostals positioned at the left and right sides, with And it is provided with rectangular recess at 5-7 ribs between linea medioclavicularis and anterior axillary line；

   Air bag (401) and/or water pocket (402) are secured by rib support (403) respectively in six grooves；

   Six grooves are arranged by the connection pipe trench (105) and individual channel of the upper half of human body model outer surface respectively Valve (203) is connected to inflatable ball (30)；

   The inflatable ball (30) connects with the air bag (401).
2. 2. thoracic injury teaching mode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that arranged outside the upper half of human body model There are the thickening pieces of skin (407) fixed by screw and common skin piece (408), and be provided with pneumoderm piece (409).
3. 3. thoracic injury teaching mode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the rib support (403) is door type branch Support, offer slot on the door type supporting leg and crossbeam of the rib support (403), the single rib stiff sheet (404) of grafting, Single fracture of rib stiff sheet (405) and more multistage fracture of rib films (406).
4. 4. thoracic injury teaching mode according to claim 3, it is characterised in that six grooves press human body central distribution In two groups of left and right, every group arranges an inflatable ball (30) for being located at rostral respectively, and arranges the corresponding path and institute State valve (203).
5. 5. thoracic injury teaching mode according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the inflatable ball (30) is provided with regulation and control gas The knob valve of body disengaging.
6. 6. according to any thoracic injury teaching mode of Claims 1 to 5, it is characterised in that the groove size is 10 × 8 ×5cm。